ABSTRACT Ti tl e of Dissertation : TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH TN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTU RY CHESA PEAKE Stephen Gregg Hardy, Doctor of Philosophy, 1999 Dissertalion direcled by: Professor Alison G. Olson Department of History Thi , dissertation exp lores the growth of the economy of Maryland and Virgin ia from the late l 600s to l 775 using the Naval Officer Shipping Lists for these colonies . These records contain complete cargo and ship information for almost 40 ,000 ship entrances and clearances. By the eve of the American Revo lution, Chesapeake coloni sts enjoyed a level of income from this external trade that was unmatched in the preced ing century. The pattern of growth , however, was not steadily upward . From 1665 to the 1680s, earnings from trade declined, as did the price of tobacco and the terms of trade. From 1690 to 1705 , trade and the terms of trade improved, only lo decline and stagnate from l 705 to the 1740s. From the 1740s to 1775 , there was a rapid but va riable growth in both export earnings and terms of trade affo rding unprecedented levels of income and comfort . This growth did not mainly come from improvements in shipping efficiency , as suggested by James Shepherd and Gary Walton . Before the 1740s, freight rates declined significantly because of advances in tobacco packing. Only after the l 740s did shipping industry effic iency increase. I lowever, the decline in freight rates in this period was slight , so the increased efficiency was not responsible for the rapid growth of the 1740s. Di versification in the Chesapeake economy was. From the 1740s to 1775, ag ricultural production in the Chesapeake di versifi ed dramatically. This di vers ificat ion- largely into grain crops-opened new markets for Chesapeake produce . The markets in the West Indies, Southern Europe, and other North American colonies became increasingly important . To carry these new crops to their market, entrepreneurial res idents of Maryland and Virginia inves ted in increasing levels of ship ownership. By the time of the Revolution , both the capital invested in thi , industry and the earnings from the carrying trade provided a ignificant source of income. From the 1740s to 1775, however, Maryland and Virginia colonists ran chronic trade deficits. But , their economies remained stable and even grew rapidly . British capital made up the trade deficits, and much of this capital was invested in productive enterprise, not just in increased levels of consumption. TRADE AND ECO OMIC GROWTH IN THE EIGI ITEENTH -CENTURY CHESAPEAKE by Stephen Gregg Hardy Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1999 Advisory Committee: Professor Alison G. Olson, Chair Professor Lois Green Carr Professor Emory G. Evans Professor John J. Mccusker Professor Whitman H. Ridgway Professor John J. Wallis ?Copyright by Stephen Gregg Hardy 1999 II PREFACE In completi ng a work as involved and long as this one, one incurs many academic and non-academic debts. First and foremost I would like to thank my committee. This dissertation began under the direction of John J. Mccusker before he left the University of Maryland to assume the position of Ewing Halsell Distinguished Professor of Hi story and Professor of Economics at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. He remained an important advisor, prodder, cheerleader, and taskmaster throughout the entire process; it would require another 2100 pages to describe all he has done in the past eight years. Alison Olson willingly became chair and director upon Professor McCusker's departure from the University of Maryland. She has been patient, understanding , and supportive in a very long process. Her insightful and close reading of drafts have made this an infinitely better work. I have been very fortunate that she agreed to serve as chair. The remaining committee members-Whit Ridgway , Lois Carr, Emory Evans, and John Wallis-have all been generous with their time and expertise in reading chapters and shaping this dissertation . They are also to be thanked for their patience in seeing this work done. I could not have asked for a better committee as their advice, input , arguments, and support made the process both interactive and instructive. Any III erro rs, of course , remain mine alone. The li te rature on the Colonial Chesapeake is distinguished by both its quant ity and quali ty. So much of what l have been able to do in this dissertation builds on the work of nu merous other scholars; without their work , thi s one wou ld be imposs ible. They are too numerous to mention, but are acknowledged in the foot notes. I would li ke to especially thank Lois Green Carr of the Historic St. Mary's City Commiss ion and Lorena S. Walsh of Colonial Williamsburg , both of whom shared their unpublished data with me . Their generosity saved me many hours of work. Earli er versions of two chapters in this disserta tion were presented at confere nces . Chapter 5 (on shi p ownershi p) was presented at a 1995 confere nce enti tled "The Economy of Ea rl y America: The Domes tic Sector-A Confere nce ," co-sponsored by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Cul ture and the Huntington Library. l am grateful to both of those organizations fo r the opportunity, and especially to Jacob Price fo r his comments on the paper. Chapter 3 (o n the tobacco trade) was presented at the 1997 Socia l Science History Associat ion Annual Meeting. I am grateful to Lois Carr fo r her comments at the sess ion and to Russ Menard fo r his ques tion . Both raised important issues that I hopefull y have addressed. Many people and institutions have influenced the course of this journey . Bob IV McMath and the entire hi sto ry facu lty at Georgia Tech encouraged an engineer to culti vate his interest in history and enthusiastica lly supported his decision to pursue graduate study in that fi eld . The History Department at the Uni versity of Maryland helped to support my graduate education with a Graduate School fe llowship , many years of teaching ass istantships, and finally a grant fro m the Hearst Fund to support travel during my dissertation research. The Virginia Historical Society generously gave me a two-week Mell on fellowship that allowed me to conduct dissertation research in their magnificent co llections. And finally, Barbara Wells Sarudy, my fri end and my boss at the Maryland Humanities Council , was tremendously supportive both morally and with the necessary time so that this dissertation could be fini shed. I have been fortunate that I have had a group of supportive fri ends and relatives throughout the entire process . Mary Jeske, Barbara Sarudy, Denvy Bowman , Alice Reagan , Curtis Utz , Susan Barber, and many others have helped over rough spots and have always been a source of encouragement. My parents, Margaret and Wilton Hardy have always been strongly supportive of my long endeavor , as have my in-laws, Raquel and Ernesto Betancourt. Finally , I can honestly and frankly say that there is one person without whom this dissertation would have never been completed-my wife , Beatriz Betancourt Hardy . She understood from first-hand experience the trials and tribulations of dissertation writing, and gave unwavering support and sage advice in the good times V and the bad . She also surrepti tious ly served as a seventh member of the committee, being an accomplished Colonial Chesapeake historian herself. Bea is sharp in her intell ect , rigorous in her research, and gentle in her cri ticism, always stri ving for the highes t standards. She is my bes t fri end , a model histo rian, and a gift from God. Thank you all. Vl TABLE OF CONTENTS viii List of Figures . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Tables . . . ..... ....... .. . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .. xviii The Problem of Co lonial Economic Growth ..... . " ... "" ' 1 Chapter I: General Directions in the Chesapeake Economy, Chapter 2: I 630- 1775 ... . . ........... .. . .. . . . ? ? ? ? . . 20 The Chesapeake Tobacco Trade, 1680- 1775: Freight Chapte r 3: Rates and Shipping Efficiency . ... . ........ . . 43 External Trade Other Than Tobacco : The West Indies Chapter 4: North America , and the Rest of the Atlantic World ..' ....... . 96 Capital Investment in and Earnings from Chesapeake- Chapter 5: Owned Shipping . . . ......... . . ... .. . . ... . 136 Debt and the Balance of Payments . . ........ . . ........ 17S Chapter 6: The Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake Economy: An Chapter 7: Interpretation .. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . . . . . . . 206 Appendix 1: The Customs Establishment in the Chesapeake and Its Surviving Records-The Naval Officer Shipping Lists 224 Appendix 2: Early American Price Indices and Other Economic 339 Indicators for the Colonial Chesapeake . .. .. . . . The Chesapeake Tobacco Trade, 1680-1775 . ... . . . .. . . . 422 Appendix 3: 423 Tobacco Exports . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . .. . . . . Trans-A tlantic Tobacco Freight Rates, 1675-1775 . . .... . . . . 439 462 Shuttle Factors .. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ... . .. . 465 Average Tonnage ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ..... . 468 Port-Days per Ton ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? VII 471 Tons-to-Man Ratios .. 474 Voyage Times . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 491 Appendi x 4: Trade Data for the C olonia l Chesapeake . . . . . . . . . . 494 Es timation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 Price Series and Quantity In formati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nvestment and Earnings from Chesa peake Ship Capital I 3 Appendix 5: . ...... . 185 Owning ........ . ... . ... . ... . .... ... y Chesapeake ..... . 196 5 tur Debt and Trade in the Eighteenth C en Appendix 6: . ...... .. .... ... . . ..... . 1966 Balance of Trade ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 20 06 Terms of Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . . 2037 Bibliography .. . .... . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? VIII LIST OF FIGU RES Figure Page l. Maryland, Virginia , and Overall Chesapeake Price 22 lndices, 1630-177S 2. British, Chesapeake, and Pennsylvania Price Indices , 24 1660- 177S 3. Ratio of Farm to Manufactures Indices fo r Virginia and 26 Maryland, 1630-177S 4. Virginia and Maryland Fa rm Products Price lndices, 28 1630-177S S. Virginia and Maryland Manufac tures Price Indices , 30 1630-177S 6. Exchange of Maryland , 1660-177S 35 7. Exchange of Virginia, 1660-177S 36 8. Variance from Par of the Maryland Hard Currency 37 Exchange Rate, 1675-1775 9. Variance from Par of the Virginia Currency Exchange 38 Rate, l 675- I7 75 10. Tobacco Imported into England and Great Britain , 46 I670-177S 11 . Tobacco Imported into London , the English Outports, 48 and Sco tland , 1670-177 5 12. Chesapeake Tobacco Production , per white person and so per capita, 1670-177S IX 13. Rea l Value of Chesapeake Tobacco Exports, 1670- 51 1775 14 . Real Value of Tobacco Exports per white and per 53 capita, 1670- 1775 15 . Rea l Freight Rate for Tobacco from Maryland to 57 England , 167 5-177 5 16. Real Freight Rate fo r Tobacco from Virginia to 58 England , 1675- 1775 17. Premium fo r Virginia Tobacco Freight over Maryland 59 Tobacco Freight , Chesapeake to England 18. Real Freight Rate for Tobacco Shipped from Maryland 61 to England , 1675-1775, with Regress ion Line of Peacetime Freights, 1720-1775 19 . Real Freight Rates for Tobacco Shipped from Virginia 62 to England , 1675-1775, with Regress ion lines based on 1714-1738 , 1749-1755 , and 1764- 1775 20. Average Weight of Maryland Tobacco Hogsheads, 66 1680-1775 21. Average Weight of Virginia Tobacco Hogsheads, 67 1680-1775 22 . Percentage of Ship Tonnage Carrying Tobacco from 69 the Chesapeake that Utilized a Shuttle Route 23 . Average Tonnage of Ships Carrying Tobacco out of the 71 Chesapeake 24. Average Tonnage of Ships Carrying Tobacco to 72 London from the Chesapeake 25. Average Tonnage of Ships Carrying Tobacco to the 73 Clyde from the Chesapeake X 26. Average Port-Days per Ton for All Ships Carrying 77 Tobacco out of the Chesapeake 27 . Average Port-Days per Tons for Ships Carrying 78 Tobacco to London from the Chesapeake 28. Average Port-Days per Ton for Sh ips Carrying 80 Tobacco to the Clyde from the Chesapeake 29 . Tons-to-Man Ratio for Al l Ships Carry ing Tobacco out 81 of the Chesapeake 30. Tons-to-Man Ratio for All Ships Carrying Tobacco to 82 London from the Chesapeake 83 3 1. Tons-to-Man Ratio for Ships Carrying Tobacco to the Clyde from the Chesapeake 32. Average Voyage Times from Great Britain to the 85 Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships 33 . Average Voyage Times from London to the 86 Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships Average Voyage Times from Liverpool to the 87 34 . Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships Average Voyage Times from Bristol to the Chesapeake 88 35. for Tobacco Ships Average Voyage Times from Whitehaven to the 89 36. Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships 37. Average Voyage Times from England (Excluding 90 London) to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships 38. Average Voyage Times from the Clyde to the 91 Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships 39 . Average Voyage Times from Scotland to the 92 Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships XI 40 . Es timated Va lue of Chesapeake Exports to Major 99 Regions in Constant? Sterling 41. Percentage of Total Esti mated Value of Exports (in 101 constant? Sterling) going to Regions Other Than Great Britain 42. Es timated Value of Chesapeake Exports to Major Non- 102 British Regions in Constant ? Sterling 43 . Estimated Value of Exports to Selected Regions in 105 Constant ? Sterling 44. Net Exports from or Imports into Great Britain of 107 Wheat and Wheat Flour , 1700-1775 45 . Es timated Value of Exports from the Lower District of 108 James Ri ver to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 46. Estimated Value of Exports from the Upper District of 109 James River to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 47. Estimated Value of Exports from York District to 110 Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 48 . Estimated Value of Exports from Rappahannock 111 District to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 49 . Estimated Value of Exports from South Potomac 112 District to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 50 . Estimated Value of Exports from Annapolis Distr ict to 113 Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling 51. Estimated Value of Exports from Oxford District to 114 Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling XII 52. Es timated Va lue of Exports from Accomack District to 115 Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling 53 . Percentage of Total Value of Exports in Constant? 118 Sterli ng from Virginia Naval Officer Districts which were Exports to Areas other than Great Britai n 54. Percentage of Total Value of Exports in Constant? 120 Sterling from Maryland Naval Officer Distr icts which were Exports to Areas other than Great Bri ta in 55 . Est imated Value of Imports from Selected Regions 121 Other than Great Bri ta in in Constant? Sterling 56 . Estimated Value of Imports from Selected Regions 123 Other than Great Brita in in Constant? Sterling 57 . Es timated Va lue of Imports into the Lower District of 125 James River fro m Selected Regions in Constant ? Ster ling 58. Estimated Value of Imports into the Upper Distri ct of 126 James Ri ver from Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 59. Estimated Value of Imports into York District from 127 Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 60 . Es timated Value of Imports into Rappahannock District 128 from Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 6 I. Estimated Value of Imports into South Potomac 129 District from Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling 62. Estimated Value of Imports into Annapolis District 130 from Selected Reg ions in Constant ? Sterling 63 . Es timated Value of Imports into Oxford District from 13 1 Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling Xlll 64 . Estimated Value of Imports into Accomack District 132 from Selected Regions in onstant ? Sterling 65. Estimates of Chesapeake Ownership of Shipping 139 Tonnage 66. Est imates of Chesapeake Ownership of Shipping 140 Tonnage per 1000 white persons 67 . Estimates of Sales of Annapolis-based Tonnage 143 68. Estimates of Sa les of Hampton-based Tonnage 144 69. Est imates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in James 147 River, Lower District 70 . Estimates or Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in James 148 River, Upper District 71. Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in York 149 District 72 . Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in 150 Rappahannock District 73 . Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in South 151 Potomac District 74 . Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in 152 Accomack District 75 . Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in 153 Patuxent District 76 . Estimates of Ownership of Sh ipping Tonnage in 154 Annapolis District 77. Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in 155 Oxford District 78. Total Tonnage Clearing from the Chesapeake to 158 Var ious Regions XIV 79 . Total Tonnage Entering into the Chesapeake from 159 Various Reg ions 80 . Tonnage of Chesapeake-Owned Shipping Clearing to 160 Various Regions 8 1. Tonnage of Chesapeake-Owned Shipping Entering 161 from Various Regions 82 . Percentage that Chesapeake-Owned Tonnage 163 Comprised of Total Tonnage Clear ing to Various Regions 83 . Percentage that Chesapeake-Owned Tonnage 164 Comprised of Total Tonnage Enteri ng from Various Regions 84 . Estimated Earnings from Chesapeake Ship Ownership 170 85. Earnings per Registered Ton for Chesapeake-Owned 174 Shipping 86 . Cumulative Balance of Payments for the Chesapeake 178 Colonies , 1725-1771 , Current ? Sterling 87 . Cumulative Balance of Payments fo r the Chesapeake 179 Colonies, 1725-1771 , Constant ? Sterling 88. Cumulative Debt or Surplus per White from External 181 Trade of the Chesapeake Colonies , 1725-1771 , in Constant ? Sterling 89. Annual Balance of Trade in "Visibles" with Great 182 Britain , 1725-1771 , in Constant ? Sterling 90. Annual Balance of Trade in "V isibles" with Africa, 183 1725-1771 , in Constant ? Sterling 91. Annual Balance of Trade in "Visibles" with North 185 America, 1725-1771 , in Constant? Sterling xv 92 . Annual Balance or Trade in "Vis ibles" with the West 187 Indies, 1725- 1771 , in Constant ? Sterling 93 . Annual Balance of Trade in "Visibles" with Southern 188 Europe, 1725-1771 , in Constant ? Sterling 94 . Annual Chesapeake Balance of Payments with all 190 Reg ions except Great Britain and Africa, plus Earni ngs from Ship Ownership in Constant? Sterling 95 . Total Estate Value for Selected Chesapeake Counties in 193 Constant ? Sterling 96 . Value of External Trade Earn ings (including Shipping) 195 per White , 1725- 1771 , in Constant? Sterling 97 . Ratio of External Trade Earnings (Exports plus 196 Shipping) per White to External Debt per White, 1735-1771 , in Constant? Sterling 98. he apeake Export Price Index, 1725-1771 198 99 . Chesapeake Import Price Index , 1725-1771 200 100. Chesapeake Terms of Trade, 1725-1771 201 101 . Chesapeake Export Index, Import Index, and Terms of 202 Trade , 1725-1771 102 . Terms of Trade for All of Maryland ; York County, 203 Virginia; Somerset County, Maryland ; and the Lower Western Shore (St. Mary's, Calvert, Charles, and Prince George 's), 1658-1777. 103 . Chesapeake Export Price Index, Import Price Index, 205 and Overall Price Index , 1725-1771 104 . Mean Final Height of Native-Born White Males, 1700- 221 1790 xvi 105 . Life Expectancy at Age 10 of Native Born White 222 Males, 1700-1790 106. Index of Philadelphia Prices, 1720-1775 343 Indices of Philadelphia and British Prices, 1630-1775 345 107 . ]08 . McCusker's Extended CPis 346 Modified Specie Indices for Maryland, Virginia, and 359 109. Philadelphia Modified Specie Indices for Maryland, Virginia, and 361 110. Tobacco Modified Specie Indices for Chesapeake and Tobacco 362 I 11 . McCusker 's Philadelphia, Boston Wheat , Maryland , 363 112. Virginia, and Britain Price Indices Index of Philadelphia Commodity Prices, 1700-1729 365 1 l 3 . Overall Chesapeake Index and McCusker 's Revised 367 114. Index 368 British CPI and Revised Colonial CPI 115. Scottish Imports of Tobacco and the Value of Scottish 1969 116. Exports to the Chesapeake 1971 British CPI and Schumpeter-Gilboy Price Index 117. 1972 c urrent Value of British , English , and Scottish Export 118. to Maryland and Virginia, 1697-1774 2013 Chesapeake Export Index and Harris's Farm Index , 119 . 1725-1771 ke Import Index and Harris 's Manufacture 2014 120 . Chesapea Index , 1725-1771 XVII 12 1. C hesapea ke Terms of Trade and Harris's C hesapea ke 2015 Farm-to-Manufacture Ratio , 1725- 1771 122 . Rev ised Colonial C PI and C hesapeake Genera l Price 20 16 Index, 1725- 177 1 XV III LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Virginia Naval Officer Shipp ing Lists : Quarters Used to 236 Comprise a Year fo r James River, Lower District and James Ri ve r, Upper District 2. Vi rginia Naval Officer Shipping Lists: Quarters Used to 238 Comprise a Year fo r York River District and Rappahannock District 3. Virginia Naval Officer Shipping Lists: Quarters Used to 240 Comprise a Year fo r South Potomac District and Accomack District 4. Maryland Naval Officer Shipping Lists: Quarters Used to 242 Comprise a Year for Annapolis District and Oxford District 5. Maryland Naval Officer Shipping Lists: Quarters Used to 244 Comprise a Year for Patuxent District 6. NOSLs of Clearances from James Ri ver, Lower District 247 7. NOSLs of Entrances into James River, Lower District 253 8. NOSLs of Clearances from James River, Upper District 259 9. NOSLs of Entrances into James River, Upper District 265 10. NOSLs of Clearances from York River District 271 11. NOSLs of Entrances into York River District 277 12. NOSLs of Clearances from Rappahannock District 283 13. NOSLs of Entrances into Rappahannock District 290 XIX 14 . NOS Ls of Clearances from South Potomac District 297 15 . NOSLs of Entrances into South Potomac District 303 16 . NOSLs of Entrances into Patuxent District 309 17 . NOSLs of Clearances from Annapolis District 311 18. NOSLs of Entrances into An napolis District 315 19 . NOSLs of Clearances from Oxford District 319 20. NOSLs of Entrances into Oxford District 323 2 1. NOSLs of Clearances from Accomack District 327 22. NOSLs of Entrances into Accomack District 333 23 . Annual Indices of Wholesale Prices of Commodities in 370 Philadelphia, 1720-1774 24. Co lonial and British Consumer Price Indices 372 25. Maryland and Virginia Price Indices 377 26 . Exchange Rates for Pennsylvania , Maryland, and Virginia 382 27 . Modified British Price Index and Modified Specie Price Indices 387 for Pennsy lvania, Maryland, and Virginia 28. Price Index for Chesapeake/Maryland Tobacco 392 29. Prices and Index for Boston Wheat 397 30. Philadelphia Prices and Indices for Wheat and Flour , 1700-1 729 399 3 1. Philadelphia Prices and Indices for Salt and Rum , 1700-1729 401 32. Philadelphia Prices ancl Indices for Molasses and Sugar, 1700- 403 1729 xx 33. Chesapeake A veragc Specie Index and Rev ised McCusker 405 Colonial CPI 34. Maryland and Virginia Farm and Manufactures Specie Price 410 Indices , 1630- 1775 35 . Ratio of Farm Index to Manufactures Index for Maryland and 414 Virginia, 1630- 1775 36 . Exchange Rates fo r Mary land and Virgi nia, 1675-1775 418 37. Tobacco Imported into London, English Outports, and 424 Scotland , 1695-177 5 38. Pounds of Tobacco Imported into England Per Chesapeake 427 White and Per Chesapeake Capita , 1670-1775 39 . Quantity and Real Va lue of Tobacco Imports into Great Bri ta in 43 1 from the Chesapeake, 1670-1775 40 . Va lue of Tobacco Imported into England Per Chesapeake Whi te 435 and Per Chesapeake Capi ta , 1670-1775 4 1. Tobacco Freight Rates , Maryland to England , 1675-1775 , Real 442 Pence Sterling Per Pound Tobacco 42 . Tobacco Freight Rates , Virg inia to England , 1675-1775, Real 450 Pence Sterling Per Pound Tobacco 43 . Average Weight of Tobacco Hogsheads, 1660-1789 457 44 . Shuttle Route Utili zation for Tobacco Ship Tonnage Trading to 463 the Chesapeake, 1725-1775 45 . Average Tonnage of All Tobacco Ships, London Tobacco 466 Ships, and Clyde Tobacco Ships, 1725-1775 46 . Average Port-Days per Ton in the Chesapeake for All Tobacco 469 Ships, Clyde Tobacco Ships, and London Tobacco Ships, 1725-1775 XXI 47 . Tons-to-Man Ratios for All Tobacco Ships, London Tobacco 472 Ships, and Clyde Tobacco Ships, 1725-1775 48. Mean and Median Voyage Times from Great Britain to the 475 Chesapeake , l 725-1775 49. Mean and Median Voyage Times from London to the 477 Chesapeake , l 725-1775 SO. Mean and Med ian Voyage Times from Liverpool to the 479 Chesapeake, 1725-1775 S 1. Mean and Median Voyage Times from Bristol to the 481 Chesapeake, l 725- l 775 52 . Mean and Med ian Voyage Times from Whitehaven to the 483 Chesapeake, 1725-1775 S3. Mean and Median Voyage Times from England (Excluding 485 London) to the Chesapeake , 1725-1775 54 . Mean and Med ian Voyage Times from the Clyde to the 487 Chesapeake, 1725- 1775 SS. Mean and Med ian Voyage Times from Scotland to the 489 Chesapeake, l 725-1775 56 . Estimated Total Value of Exports from the Chesapeake to 518 Various Regions, 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 57. Estimated Total Value of Exports from the Chesapeke to S20 Various Regions, 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 58. Percentage of Exports Going to Regions Other than Great 522 Britain S9. Percentage of the Total Value of Exports from Virginia Ports to 524 Areas Other than Great Britain 60 . Percentage of the Total Value of Exports from Maryland Ports 526 to Areas Other than Great Britain XX II 6 1. Estimated Total Va lue of Imports into the Chesapeake from 528 Various Reg ions, 1725- 177 1 (Current? Sterling) 62. Es timated Total Va lue of Imports into the Chesapeake fro m 530 Various Reg ions, 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 63. Es timated Value of Exports to Various Regions from James 532 River, Lower District, 1725-1771 (Currentf Sterling) 64 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from James 534 River, Lower District, 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 65. Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from James 536 River, Upper District, 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 66 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from James 538 River, Upper District, 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 67 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from York 540 River District , 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 68. Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from York 542 River District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 69 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from 544 Rappahannock District , 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 70 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from 546 Rappahannock District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 71 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from South 548 Potomac District , 1725-1771 (Current ? Sterling) 72 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from South 550 Potomac District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 73. Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from North 552 Potomac District, 1725-1771 (Current ? Ster Ii ng) 74 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from North 554 Potomac District, 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) XX III 75 . Estimated Value of Exports to Var ious Regions from Patuxent 556 Distri ct, 1725- 177 1 (Current ? Sterling) 76. Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from Patu xent 558 Distr ict , 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 77 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from Annapolis 560 District , 1725-177 1 (Current ? Sterli ng) 78. Estimated Val ue of Exports to Various Regions fro m Annapolis 562 District , 1725- 177 1 (Constant ? Sterling) 79 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from Oxford 564 District, 1725-177 1 (Current ? Sterling) 80 . Est imated Value of Exports to Various Regions from Oxford 566 District, 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 81. Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from Pocomoke 568 District, 1725-177 1 (Current ? Sterling) 82 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions from Pocomoke 570 District, 1725-177 1 (Constant? Sterling) 83 . Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions fro m Accomack 572 District, 1725-1771 (Current ? Sterling) 84. Estimated Value of Exports to Various Regions fro m Accomack 574 District, 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 85 . Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into James 576 River, Lower District, 1725-1771 (Current ? Sterling) 86 . Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into James 578 River, Lower District, 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 87. Estimated Value of lmports from Various Regions into James 580 Ri ver, Upper District, 1725-177 1 (Current ?Sterling) 88 . Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into James 582 River, Upper District, 1725-177 1 (Constant ? Sterling) XX IV 89. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into York 584 River District , 1725- 177 1 (Current ? Sterling) 90 . Estimated Value of Imports from Various Reg ions into York 586 River District , 1725- 1771 (Constant? Sterling) 91. Esti mated Value of Imports from Various Reg ions into 588 Rappahannock District , 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 92 . Estimated Value of Import from Various Regions into 590 Rappahannock District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 93. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into South 592 Potomac District , 1725-1771 (Current ? Sterling) 94. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into South 594 Potomac District , 1725-1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 95. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into North 596 Potomac District, 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 96. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into North 598 Potomac District , 1725-1771 (Constant ? Ster! ing) 97 . Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into Patuxent 600 District , 1725- 1771 (Current ? Sterling) 98. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into Patuxent 602 District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 99. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into 604 Annapolis District , 1725-1771 (Current ? Sterl ing) 100. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into 606 Annapolis District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 101. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into Oxford 608 District , 1725-1771 (Current? Sterling) 102. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into Oxford 610 District , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) XXV 103. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Reg ions in to 612 Pocomoke Distri ct, 1725-177 1 (Current ? Sterling) 104. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into 614 Pocomoke District, 1725- 1771 (Constant ? Sterling) 105 . Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into 616 Accomack District, 1725- 177 1 (Current ? Sterling) 106. Estimated Value of Imports from Various Regions into 61 8 Accomack District, 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 107 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 620 1725 108. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 621 1725 109 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 622 1726 110. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 623 1726 11 1 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 624 1727 112. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 625 1727 113. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 626 1730 114. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 627 1730 115 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 628 1731 116 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 629 1731 XXV I l 17 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Lower District, 631 1733 1 18 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 632 1733 11 9. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 633 1734 120. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower Distr ict , 634 1734 121. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 63S 1736 122. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 636 1736 123. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 637 1737 124 . Va lue of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 638 1737 12S. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 640 1738 126 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 641 1738 127. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 642 1739 128. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 643 1739 129 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 64S 1740 130 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 647 1740 XXVII 131. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 649 1741 132. Va lue of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 650 1741 133. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 652 1742 134. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 653 1742 135. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 655 1743 136 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 657 1743 137 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 659 1744 138 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 660 1744 139 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 662 1745 140 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 664 1745 141. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 666 1746 142. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 667 1746 143 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 669 1749 144 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 671 1749 xxviii 145 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District 673 1750 ' 146. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District 67' 5 1750 147 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District 677 ' 1751 148. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District 679 ' 1751 149. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 681 1752 150. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 683 1752 151. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 685 1754 152. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 687 1754 153. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 689 1755 154. Value of Goods Exported from 69 1Ja mes River, Lower District, 1755 Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower D 69i 3st rict, 155 . 1756 695 Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 156. 1756 . f G ods Exported from James River, Lower District, 697 157. Quantity o o 1758 orted from James River, Lower District, 699 d Exp 158. Value of Go o s 1758 XXIX 159. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District, 701 1760 160. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 703 1760 161. Quanti ty of Goods Exported from James Ri ve r, Lower District , 705 176 1 162 . Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Lower District , 707 1761 163. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District, 709 1762 164. Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Lower District , 711 1762 165 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Lower District , 713 1763 166. Value of Goods Ex ported from James Ri ver, Lower District, 715 1763 167. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 717 1765 168 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 719 1765 169 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Lower Distri ct , 721 1766 170. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 723 1766 171 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Lower District , 725 1771 172. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Lower District , 728 1771 XXX 173. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District 731 1725 , 174. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District 732 1725 , 175 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District 733 1726 ' 176 . Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 734 1726 177. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 735 1727 178 . Value of Goods Jmported into James River, Lower District , 736 1727 179. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District, 737 1730 180. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 738 ]730 181 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District, 739 1731 Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower D 74is 0tr ict, 182. 1731 Quantity of G 7o 4o 1d s Imported into James River, Lower District, 183 . 1733 742 Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 184. 1733 ? f G ods Imported into James River , Lower District, 743 185 . Quantity o o 1734 orted into James River, Lower District, 744 d I 186. Value of Goo s mp 1734 XXXI 187. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 745 1736 188 . Va lue of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 746 1736 189. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 747 1737 190. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District, 748 1737 191. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 749 1738 192 . Va lue of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 750 1738 193. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 751 1739 I 94. Va lue of Good Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 752 1739 195 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 753 1740 196 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 754 1740 197. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 755 1741 198 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 756 1741 199 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 757 1742 200. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 758 1742 XXX II 201 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 759 1743 202. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 761 1743 203. Quanti ty of Goods Imported into James Ri ve r, Lower District, 763 1744 204 . Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower Distr ict , 765 1744 205 . Quanti ty of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 767 1745 206 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 769 1745 207 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 771 1746 208. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 772 1746 209. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District, 773 1749 210. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 774 1749 211 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ve r, Lower District, 775 1750 212. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 777 1750 213. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 779 1751 214. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 781 1751 XXXIII 215. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District, 783 1752 216. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 785 1752 217 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver , Lower District , 787 1754 218 . Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 788 1754 219 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District , 790 1755 220. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 791 1755 22 1. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 792 1756 222. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 793 1756 223. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 794 1758 224 . Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 795 1758 225 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 796 1760 226. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 797 1760 227 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 798 1761 228. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 799 1761 XXX IV 229. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Lower District, 800 1762 230. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 801 1762 231. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 802 1763 232 . Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 804 1763 233. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District , 806 1764 234 . Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 808 1764 235 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 810 1765 236. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Lower District, 813 1765 237 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 816 1766 238. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District , 818 1766 239 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 821 1771 240. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Lower District, 824 1771 241 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 827 1725 242 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 828 1725 XXXV 243. Quant ity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 829 1727 244 . Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 830 1727 245 . Quant ity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 831 1730 246 . Value of Goods Exported fro m James River, Upper District , 832 1730 247 . Quanti ty of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper Distr ict , 833 173 1 248 . Va lue of Goods Exported fro m James Ri ver, Upper District, 834 1731 249 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 835 1732 250 . Va lue of Goods Exported fro m James Ri ver, Upper District, 836 1732 251 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 838 1733 252 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 839 1733 253 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 840 1737 254. Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 841 1737 255 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 843 1738 256 . Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 844 1738 XXXVI 257. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 845 1739 258. Va lue of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District, 846 1739 259. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 847 1740 260. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 848 1740 26 1. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 850 174 1 262 . Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 852 1741 263 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 854 1742 264. Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 856 1742 265 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 858 1743 266. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 860 1743 267. Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 862 1744 268. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 863 1744 269. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 864 1745 270. Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 865 1745 XXXV II 271. Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 866 1746 272. Va lue of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 867 1746 273. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 868 1749 274 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 869 1749 275. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 870 1750 276. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 871 1750 277. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 872 1752 278 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 874 1752 279. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 876 1754 280. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 878 1754 281. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 880 1756 282. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 882 1756 283. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 884 1758 284. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 886 1758 XXXVIII 285. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 888 1760 286 . Value of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 890 1760 287 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 892 1761 288. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 894 1761 289. Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 896 1762 290. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 897 1762 29 1. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 899 1763 292. Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District , 901 1763 293. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District, 903 1764 294. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 905 1764 295 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 907 1765 296. Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 909 1765 297. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 911 1766 298 . Value of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 913 1766 XXX IX 299 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 915 1768 300. Value of Goods Exported from James Ri ver, Upper District, 917 1768 301. Quantity of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 919 1769 302. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 921 1769 303 . Quantity of Goods Exported from James River, Upper District , 923 177 1 304. Value of Goods Exported from James River , Upper District , 925 1771 305 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District, 927 1725 306. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 928 1725 307 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 929 1726 308. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 930 1726 309. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 931 1727 310. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 932 1727 31 l. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 933 1730 312. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 934 1730 xi 313. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District, 935 1731 314. Value of Goods [mported into James River , Upper District , 936 1731 315 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 937 1732 316 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 938 1732 317. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 939 1733 318. Value of Goods fmported into James River, Upper District , 940 1733 319 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 941 1737 320. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 942 1737 321. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 943 1738 322. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 944 1738 323. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 945 1739 324. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District, 946 1739 325. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 947 1740 326. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 948 1740 xii 327 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 949 1741 328 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 951 1741 329. Quantity of Goods lmported into James River , Upper District , 953 1742 330. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 954 1742 33 1. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 955 1743 332. Va lue of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District, 956 1743 333. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 957 1744 334. Value of Goods lmported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 958 1744 335 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper Distr ict, 959 1745 336 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 960 1745 337. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 961 1746 338 . Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 962 1746 339. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 963 1749 340. Value of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 964 1749 xiii 341. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 965 1750 342. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District, 966 1750 343. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 967 1752 344. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper Distr ict , 968 1752 345 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 969 1754 346. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ve r, Upper District, 970 1754 347. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 971 1756 348. Va lue of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 972 1756 349. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 973 1758 350. Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District, 975 1758 351. Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District, 977 1760 352. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 978 1760 353. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 979 1761 354 . Value of Goods [mported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 980 1761 xi iii 355 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 982 1762 356 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 984 1762 357 . Quanti ty of Goods Imported into James River, Upper Distr ict, 986 1763 358 . Value of Goods Imported into James River, Upper Distr ict , 988 1763 359 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River , Upper District , 990 1764 360. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 992 1764 36 1. Quanti ty of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District , 994 1765 362 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 996 1765 363. Quantity of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 998 1766 364. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ve r, Upper District, 999 1766 365. Quantity of Goods imported into James River, Upper District, 1000 1768 366. Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 1002 1768 367 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District, 1004 1769 368 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper District, 1006 1769 xliv 369 . Quantity of Goods Imported into James River, Upper District , 1008 177 1 370 . Value of Goods Imported into James Ri ver, Upper Distri ct , 1010 1771 371 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District, 1725 1012 372 . Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1725 1013 373 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District , 1726 1014 374. Va lue of Goods Exported from York River Distr ict , 1726 1015 375 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District , 1730 1016 376 . Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1730 1018 377. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District , 1732 1020 378 . Va lue of Goods Exported from York River District, 1732 1022 379 . Quantity of Goods Exported fro m York River Distr ict, 1733 1024 380 . Va lue of Goods Exported from York River Distr ict , 1733 1026 38 1. Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver Distri ct, 1735 1028 382. Value of Goods Exported fro m York River District, 1735 1030 383. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District, 1736 1032 384. Value of Goods Exported fro m York Ri ver District, 1736 1033 385 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District, 1737 1034 386 . Value of Goods Exported from York River District, 1737 1035 387. Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District , 1738 1036 388 . Va lue of Goods Exported fro m York Ri ver District, 1738 1037 xiv 389 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District, 1739 1038 390 . Va lue of Goods Exported from York Ri ve r District, 1739 1039 391 . Quanti ty of Goods Exported from York River District , 1740 1040 392. Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1740 1041 393 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District , 1741 1042 394 . Va lue of Goods Exported from York River District, 1741 1043 395. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District , 1742 1045 396. Value of Goods Exported from York River District, 1742 1046 397. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District, 1743 1047 398 . Value of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District, 1743 1048 399. Quantity of Good Exported from York River District, 1744 1049 400. Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1744 1050 401. Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District , 1745 1051 402. Value of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District, 1745 1052 403 . Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District , 1749 1053 404 . Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1749 1054 405. Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver Distri ct, 1750 1055 406. Value of Goods Exported from York River District, 1750 1056 407. Quantity of Goods Exported from York Ri ver District , 1751 1057 408. Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1751 1058 409. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River District, 1752 1059 xlvi 410 . Value of Goods Exported from York River Dist 1r 0ic 6t 0, 1752 411. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River D 1is 0t 6r 1ic t , 1754 412. Value of Goods Exported from York River Di 1s 0tr 6i 2c t, 1754 4 I 3. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River 1D 0i 6s 3tr ict , 1755 414. Value of Goods Exported from York River D 1i 0st 6r 4ic t , 1755 4l5. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River 1D 06is 5t rict, 1756 416. Value of Goods Exported from York River D 10is 6t 6ri ct, 1756 417. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River 1D 0i 6s 8tr ict , 1758 418. Value of Goods Exported from York River 1D 0i 7s 0tr ict , 1758 Quantity 4 o19 f . G oods Exported from York River Di 1s 0tr 7ic 2t , 1761 Value o 42 f 0 G. o ods Exported from York River Distr 1ic 0t 7, 31 761 Quantity 4 2 o1 f. Goods Exported from York River Di 1s 0tr 7i 4ct , 1762 Value o 4 f2 2 G. oods Exported from York River Distr 1ic 0t 7, 51 762 Quantity 4 o2 f3 . G oods Exported from York River Dist 1r 0ic 7t 6, 1764 Value o 4 f2 4 G. o ods Exported from York River Distri 1ct 0, 7 7J 764 Quantity 4 o25 f . G oods Exported from York River Dist 1r 0ic 7t 8, 1765 Value o 4 f2 G6 o. ods Exported from York River Distric 1t 0, 81 07 65 427. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River D 10is 8t 2ri ct, 1768 428. Value of Goods Exported from York River Dis 1t 0r 8ic 4t , 1768 429. Quantity of Goods Exported from York River D 1i 0st 8r 6ic t, 1769 430. Value of Goods Exported from York River Dis 1t 0r 8ic 8t , 1769 xlvii 431. Quantity or Goods Exported from York Ri ver District, 1771 1090 432 . Value of Goods Exported from York River District , 1771 1091 433 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River Distr ict , 1725 1092 434 . Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1725 1093 435 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1726 1094 436 . Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1726 1095 437. Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1730 1096 438 . Va lue of Goods Imported into York River District, 1730 1097 439. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1732 1098 440. Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1732 1099 441 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1733 1100 442 . Va lue of Goods Imported into York River District , 1733 1101 443. Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1735 1102 444. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1735 1103 445. Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1736 1104 446. Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1736 1105 447 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1737 1106 448. Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1737 1107 449 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1738 1108 450. Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1738 1109 451 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1739 1110 xlviii 452 . Va lue of Goods fmported into York Ri ver Di trict, 1739 1111 453 . Quanti ty of Goods Imported in to York River Distr ict , 1740 111 2 454. Va lue of Goods Imported into York River District , 1740 11 13 455 . Quanti ty of Goods Imported into York River District, 174 1 11 14 456 . Va lue of Goods Imported into York Ri ver Distr ict , 174 1 1115 457 . Quanti ty of Goods Imported into York Ri ver Distri ct , 1742 1116 458. Va lue of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1742 1117 459. Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1743 1119 460. Va lue of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1743 11 20 461. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1744 11 21 462 . Va lue of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1744 1122 463. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1745 1123 464. Va lue of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1745 11 24 465 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1749 11 25 466. Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1749 1126 467. Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 1750 11 27 468. Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1750 11 28 469 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District, 175 1 11 29 470 . Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver Di trict , 175 l 1130 471 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1752 11 31 472. Value of Goods Imported into York Ri ver District , 1752 11 32 xlix 473 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1754 1133 474. Value of Goods Jmported into York River District , 1754 1134 475. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1755 1135 476. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1755 1136 477 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1756 1137 478. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1756 1138 479 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1758 1139 480. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1758 1140 481. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1760 1141 482. Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1760 1142 483 . Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1761 1143 484. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1761 1144 485. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1762 1145 486. Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1762 1146 487. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1764 1147 488. Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1764 1148 489. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1765 1149 490 . Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1765 1150 491. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1768 1151 492. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1768 1152 493. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District , 1769 1153 494. Value of Goods Imported into York River District , 1769 1154 495. Quantity of Goods Imported into York River District, 1771 1155 496. Value of Goods Imported into York River District, 1771 1156 497. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1725 1157 498. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1725 1158 499. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1727 1159 500. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1727 1160 501. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1730 1161 502. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1730 1162 503 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1731 1163 504. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1731 1164 SOS. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1733 1165 506. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1733 1166 507 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1735 1167 508. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1735 1168 509 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1736 1169 510. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1736 1170 511. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1737 1171 512. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1737 1172 513. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1738 1173 514. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1738 1174 Ii 515 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1739 1175 516. Va lue of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1739 1176 517. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1740 1177 518. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1740 1178 519 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1741 1179 520 . Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1741 1180 52 l . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1742 1181 522 . Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1742 1182 523. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1743 1184 524. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1743 1185 525. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1744 1186 526. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1744 1187 527. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1745 1188 528. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1745 1189 529. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1746 1190 530. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1746 1191 531. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1749 1192 532. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1749 1193 533 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock Distr ict , 1750 1194 534. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1750 1195 535. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1751 1196 Iii 536. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock Distr ict , 175 I 1197 537. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1752 1198 538. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1752 1199 539. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1754 1200 540. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1754 1201 541 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1755 1202 542. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1755 1203 543. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1758 1204 544. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1758 1205 545. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1760 1206 546. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1760 1207 547. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1761 1208 548. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1761 1209 549. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1762 1210 550. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1762 1211 551. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1763 1212 552. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1763 1213 553 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1764 1214 554. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1764 1216 555. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1765 1218 556 . Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1765 1220 !iii 557 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1766 1222 558. Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1766 1224 559. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1768 [226 560 . Value of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District, 1768 1228 561. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock Distr ict , 1769 1230 562 . Value of Good Exported from Rappahannock District , 1769 1232 563. Quantity of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1771 1234 564. Va lue of Goods Exported from Rappahannock District , 1771 1236 565. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1725 1238 566. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1725 1239 567. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1727 1240 568. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1727 1241 569 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1730 1242 570 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1730 1243 571 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1731 1244 572. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1731 1245 573 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1733 1246 574 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1733 1247 575. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1735 1248 576 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1735 1249 577. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1736 1250 liv 578 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1736 1251 579 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1737 1252 580. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1737 1253 581. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1738 1254 582. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1738 1255 583. Quantity of Goods imported into Rappahannock District , 1739 1256 584. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1739 1257 585 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1740 1258 586. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1740 1259 587 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1741 1260 588 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1741 1261 589 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1742 1262 590. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1742 1263 591. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1743 1264 592. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1743 1265 593 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1744 1266 594 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1744 1267 595 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1745 1268 596. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1745 1269 597 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1746 1270 598 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1746 1271 Iv 599 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1749 1272 600 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1749 1273 601 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1750 1274 602. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1750 1275 603 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1751 1276 604 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1751 1277 605. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1752 1278 606. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1752 1279 607 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1754 1281 608 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1754 1282 609. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1755 1283 61 o. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1755 1284 611 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 175 18 2 85 612 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 175 18 2 86 613. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1760 12 87 614. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 11 27 86 80 6l . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1 281 97 61 5 616 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock D 12is 9t 0r ict , 1761 _ Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock Distr 1ic 2t 9, 1 1 762 617 . Value f Goods imported into Rappahannock District, 17 62 1292 618 O ? f Goods Imported into Rappahannock District 1763 1293 619 . Q uantity o , lvi 620 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1763 1294 621. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1764 1295 622 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1764 1297 623. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1765 1299 624 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1765 1300 625 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1766 1301 626 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1766 1302 627 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1768 1304 628. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1768 1306 629. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1769 1308 630. Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1769 1310 631. Quantity of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District, 1771 1312 632 . Value of Goods Imported into Rappahannock District , 1771 1313 633. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1725 1314 634. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1725 1315 635 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1726 1316 636. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1726 1317 637. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1727 1318 638. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1727 1319 639 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1730 1320 640. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1730 1321 lvi i 64 1. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac Distr ict , 1731 1322 642. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 173 1 1323 643. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1733 1324 644. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1733 1325 645. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1734 1326 646. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1734 1327 647 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1736 1328 648 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1736 1329 649 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1737 1330 650 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1737 1331 65 I. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1738 1332 652 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1738 1333 653. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1739 1334 654. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1739 1335 655. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1740 1336 656 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1740 1337 657. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1741 1338 658 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1741 1339 659 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1742 1340 660 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1742 1341 661. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1743 1342 !viii 662 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1743 1343 663 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1744 1344 664 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1744 1345 665 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1745 1346 666. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1745 1347 667. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1746 1348 668. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac Distr ict , 1746 1349 669. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1749 1350 670. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1749 1351 671. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac Di trict, 1750 1352 672 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1750 1353 673 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1751 1354 674. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1751 1355 675 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1752 1356 676. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1752 1357 677. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1754 1358 678 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1754 1359 679 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1755 1360 680. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1755 1361 681. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, I 756 1362 682 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1756 1363 lix 683. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1758 1364 684. Va lue of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1758 1365 685. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1761 1366 686. Va lue of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1761 1367 687. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1762 1368 688. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1762 1369 689. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1763 1370 690. Va lue of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1763 1371 69 1. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1764 1372 692. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1764 1373 693 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1765 1374 694 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District, 1765 1376 695. Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1766 1378 696. Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1766 1380 697 . Quantity of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1771 1382 698 . Value of Goods Exported from South Potomac District , 1771 1384 699. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1725 1386 700 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1725 1387 701. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1726 1388 702. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1726 1389 703 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1727 1390 Ix 704. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1727 1391 705. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1730 1392 706 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1730 1393 707. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1731 1394 708 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1731 1395 709. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1733 1396 710 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1733 1397 711. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1734 1398 712. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1734 1399 713 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1736 1400 714 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1736 1401 715. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1737 1402 716 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1737 1403 717. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1738 1404 718. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1738 1405 719 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1739 1406 720. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1739 1407 721. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1740 1408 722. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1740 1409 723. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1741 1410 724. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1741 1411 !xi 725. Quantity or Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1742 1412 726 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1742 141 3 727 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1743 1414 728. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1743 1415 729 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1744 1416 730. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1744 1417 731. Quantity or Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1745 1418 732 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1745 1419 733. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1746 1420 734 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1746 1421 735 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1749 1422 736 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1749 1423 737. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1750 1424 738 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1750 1425 739. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1751 1426 740 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1751 1427 741 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1752 1428 742 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1752 1429 743. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1754 1430 744. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1754 1431 745 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1755 1432 lxii 746 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac Distri ct, 1755 1433 747 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1756 1434 748 . Value of Goods imported into South Potomac District , 1756 1435 749. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1758 1436 750. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1758 1437 75 I. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1761 1438 752. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1761 1439 753 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1762 1440 754 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1762 1441 755. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1763 1442 756. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1763 1443 757. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1764 1444 758. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1764 1445 759. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1765 1446 760. Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1765 1447 761. Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District, 1766 1448 762 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1766 1449 763 . Quantity of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1771 1450 764 . Value of Goods Imported into South Potomac District , 1771 1451 765 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1725 1452 766. Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1725 1453 !xiii 767. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack Distr ict , 1727 1454 768. Value of Goods Exported fr om Accomack District, 1727 1455 769. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1730 1456 770 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1730 1457 771. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1731 1458 772. Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1731 1459 773. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1732 1460 774 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1732 1461 775 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1733 1462 776 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1733 1463 777 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1734 1464 778 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1734 1465 779 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1746 1466 780. Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1746 1467 781 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1749 1468 782. Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1749 1469 783 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1752 1470 784 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1752 1471 785. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1759 1472 786 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1759 1473 787 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1760 1474 !xiv 788 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1760 1475 789. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1761 1476 790. Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1761 1477 791 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1762 1478 792 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1762 1479 793. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1765 1480 794 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1765 1482 795. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1766 1484 796 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1766 1486 797. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1768 1488 798. Va lue of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1768 1489 799 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1769 1491 800 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Accomack District, 1769 1493 801. Quantity of Goods Exported from Accomack Distr ict , 1771 1495 802 . Value of Goods Exported from Accomack District , 1771 1496 803. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1725 1498 804 . Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1725 1499 805. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1727 1500 806. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1727 1501 807. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1730 1502 808 . Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1730 1503 !xv 809. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 173 1 1504 810. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1731 1505 811 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1732 1506 812. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1732 1507 813. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1733 1508 814. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1733 1509 815. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1734 1510 816. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1734 1511 817. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1746 151 2 818. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1746 1513 819. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1749 1514 820 . Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1749 1515 821. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1752 1516 822. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1752 1517 823. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1757 1518 824. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1757 1519 825. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1759 1520 826. Value of Goods lmported into Accomack District , 1759 1521 827. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1760 1522 828 . Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1760 1523 829. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1761 1524 Ixvi 830. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1761 1525 83 1. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1762 1526 832 . Value o f Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1762 1528 833. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1763 1530 834. Va lue of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1763 1532 835. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1765 1534 836. Va lue of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1765 1537 837. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1766 1540 838 . Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1766 1542 839. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1768 1544 840. Va lue of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1768 1546 84 1. Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1769 1548 842. Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1769 1550 843 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Accomack District, 1771 1552 844 . Value of Goods Imported into Accomack District , 1771 1554 845. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1749 1556 846 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1749 1558 847. Quantity of Good s Exported from Annapolis District, 1750 1560 848 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1750 1562 849. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1751 1564 850. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1751 1566 !xv ii 851. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1752 1568 852 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1752 1570 853 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1753 1572 854 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1753 1574 855 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1754 1576 856. Va lue of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1754 1578 857 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1755 1580 858. Value of Goods Exported from Annapol is District, 1755 1582 859 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1756 1584 860. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1756 1586 861. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1757 1588 862. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1757 1589 863. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1758 1591 864 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1758 1593 865. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1759 1595 866. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1759 1597 867. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1760 1599 868. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1760 1601 86 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1761 1603 9 870. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis 1 6D 0i 5s trict, 1761 8 l _ Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis D 1i 6s 0tr 7i ct , 1762 7 !xviii 872 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1762 1609 873. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1763 1611 874. Value of Goods Exported from Annapo lis District , 1763 1614 875. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1764 1617 876. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1764 1619 877. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1765 1621 878 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapoli s District , 1765 1623 879. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1766 1625 880. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1766 1627 881. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1767 1629 882. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1767 1631 883. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1768 1633 884. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1768 1635 885. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1769 1637 886. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1769 1639 887. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1770 1641 888 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1770 1643 889. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1771 1645 890. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1771 1647 89 I . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1772 1649 892 . Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1772 1651 !xix 893 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1773 1653 894 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1773 1656 895. Quantity of Goods Exported from Annapolis District , 1774 1659 896. Value of Goods Exported from Annapolis District, 1774 1662 897 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1749 1665 898 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1749 1668 899. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1750 1671 900. Value of Goods Imported into Annapo lis District , 1750 1674 901 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1751 1677 902. Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 175 I 1679 903. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1752 1681 904 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1752 1683 905 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1753 1685 906. Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1753 1687 907. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1754 1689 908 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1754 1691 909 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1755 1693 910 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1755 1695 911. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1756 1697 912 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1756 1698 913. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1757 1699 Ixx 914 . Value of Goods Imported into An napo lis District , 1757 1701 915 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1758 1703 916 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1758 1705 917 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1759 1707 918 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1759 1709 919 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1760 1711 920 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1760 1713 921 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1761 1715 922 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1761 1717 923 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1762 1720 924 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1762 1722 925 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1763 1724 926 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1763 1727 927 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1764 1730 928. Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1764 1732 929 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1765 1734 930. Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1765 1736 931 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1766 1738 932. Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1766 1740 933. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1767 1742 934 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1767 1744 lxx i 935 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapoli s District, 1768 1746 936 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapoli s District , 1768 1748 937 . Quantity of Good s Imported into Annapoli s District, 1769 1750 938 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1769 1752 939 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1770 1754 940 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1770 1756 941 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1771 1758 942 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1771 1761 943 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1772 1764 944 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1772 1767 945. Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapoli s District, 1773 1770 946 . Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1773 1774 947 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Annapolis District , 1774 1778 948. Value of Goods Imported into Annapolis District, 1774 1781 949 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1743 1784 950 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1743 1786 951 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1744 1788 952. Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1744 1789 953 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1745 1790 954. Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1745 1791 955. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , I 746 1792 lxxi i 956 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford Distri ct, 1746 1 793 957 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1 17 76 90 4 958 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 17 16 70 9 5 959. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District 1, 71 97 66 1 960 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1 17 76 91 7 961 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 11 77 96 92 962. Va lue of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1 17 86 02 0 963. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 11 87 06 13 964. Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1 17 86 03 2 965. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 11 87 06 34 966. Va lue of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1 17 86 04 4 967. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 11 87 06 55 968 . Va lue of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1 17 86 05 6 969. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District 1, 81 07 76 6 970 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1 1876 06 8 971 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District 1, 81 07 96 7 972. Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 117 86 17 0 973. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District 1, 81 17 16 8 974 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District 1, 81 17 26 8 975 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District 1, 81 17 36 9 976. Value of Goods Exported from Oxford Distr ict , 11 87 16 49 lxxiii 977. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1770 1815 978. Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1770 1816 979. Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 177 1 1817 980 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1771 181 8 981 . Quantity of Goods Exported from Oxford District , 1772 1819 982 . Value of Goods Exported from Oxford District, 1772 1820 983 . Quantity of Goods lmported into Oxford District , 1743 1821 984 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1743 1822 985 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1744 1823 986 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1744 1824 987. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1745 1825 988 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1745 1826 989 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1746 1827 990 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1746 1828 991 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1761 1829 992 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1761 1830 993 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1762 1831 994 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1762 1832 995 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1763 1833 996 . Value of Good Imported into Oxford District , 1763 1834 997. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1764 1835 lxxiv 998 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1764 1836 999 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1765 1837 1000. Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1765 1838 1001 . Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1766 1839 1002. Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1766 1840 1003. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1767 1841 1004. Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1767 1842 1005. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1768 1843 1006 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1768 1844 1007. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1769 1845 1008 . Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1769 1846 1009. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1770 1847 1010. Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1770 1848 1011. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District , 1771 1849 1012. Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1771 1850 1013. Quantity of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1772 1851 1014. Value of Goods Imported into Oxford District, 1772 1852 1015 . Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnag 1861 in ea n Od w T neo dn nage Sales from James River , Lower District, Virginia 1016 . Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnag 1863 in e a Ond w T neo dn nage Sales from James River, Upper District , Virginia lxxv 10 17. Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1865 in and Tonnage Sa les from York Ri ver District, Virginia 10 18. Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1867 in and Tonnage Sales from Rappahannock Distr ict, Virginia 10 19. Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1869 in and Tonnage Sales from South Potomac District , Vi rgin ia 1020 . Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1871 in and Tonnage Sales from North Potomac District , Maryland 102 1. Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1873 in and Tonnage Sa les from Patuxent District , Mary land 1022 . Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1875 in and Tonnage Sales fro m Annapolis District, Maryland 1023 . Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1877 in and Tonnage Sales from Oxford District, Maryland 1024. Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 1879 in and Tonnage Sales from Pocomoke District, Maryland 1025 . Lower Bound and Upper Bound Estimates of Tonnage Owned 188 1 in and Tonnage Sa les fro m Accomack District, Virginia 1026 . Estimated Total and Per 1,000 White Population of 1883 Chesapeake-owned Ship Tonnage 1027. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from James 1885 Ri ver, Lower District to Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1028 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from James 1887 River, Lower District to Southern Europe, Africa, the West Indies, and North America, 1725-1771 lxxvi 1029 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into James 1889 River, Lower District from Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1030. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Enter ing into James 1891 River, Lower District from Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies , and North America , 1725-1771 103 1. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from James 1893 River , Upper District to Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1032. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from James 1895 Ri ver, Upper District to Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies, and North America, 1725-1771 1033. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into James 1897 River , Upper District from Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1034. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into James 1899 River, Upper District from Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies, and North America, 1725-1771 1035. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from York 1901 River District to Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1036 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from York 1903 River District to Southern Europe, Africa, the West Indies, and North America, 1725-1771 1037. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into York River 1905 District from Great Britain, Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1038. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into York River 1907 District from Southern Europe , Africa , the West Indies , and North America, 1725-1771 lxxvii 1039. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from 1909 Rappahannock District to Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe and Unknown Locations, 1725- 1771 1040. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from 1911 Rappahannock District to Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies , and North America , 1725-177 1 l04 1. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into 1913 Rappahannock District from Great Bri ta in, Ireland , Northern Europe , and Unknown Locations, 1725-177 1 1042. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Enteri ng into 1915 Rappahannock District fro m Southern Europe, Afr ica, the Wes t Indies, and North America, 1725-177 1 1043 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from South 1917 Potomac Distr ict to Great Brita in , Ireland, Northern Europe and Unknown Locations, 1725-177 1 1044. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from South 1919 Potomac District to Southern Europe, Africa, the West Indies, and North America , 1725-177 1 1045 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into South 192 1 Potomac District from Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1046 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into South 1923 Potomac District from Southern Europe, Africa, the West Indies, and North America, 1725-177 1 1047. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into Patuxent 1925 District from Great Britain , Ireland, Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-177 1 1048. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into Patuxent 1927 District from Southern Europe, Afr ica, the West Indies, and North America, 1725-1771 lxxv iii 1049 . Total and hesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from Annapolis 1929 District to Great Britain, Ireland, Northern Europe and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 I 050 . Tota l and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from Annapolis 1931 District to Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies, and North America, 1725-177 1 I 05 1. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Enteri ng into Annapolis 1933 District from Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-177 1 1052 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Enter ing into Annapolis 1935 District from Southern urope , Afr ica, the West Indies, and North America , 1725-1771 1053. Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from Oxford 1937 District to Great Britain , Ireland, Northern Europe and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 I 054 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from Oxford 1939 District to Southern Europe, Afr ica, the West Indies, and North America , 1725- 1771 l 055 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into Oxford 1941 District from Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1056 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into Oxford 1943 District from Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies, and North America , 1725- 1771 1057 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from Accomack 1945 District to Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe and Unknown Location , 1725-1771 1058 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Clearing from Accomack 1947 District to Southern Europe, Africa , the West Indies, and North America , 1725-1771 lxxix 1059 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into Accomack 1949 District from Great Britain , Ireland, Northern Europe , and Unknown Locations , 1725-1771 1060 . Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage Entering into Accomack 1951 District from Southern Europe , Africa , the West Indies , and North America , 1725-177 1 I 061. Overall Estimates of Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage 1953 Clearing from the Chesapeake to Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1062 . Overall Estimates of Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage 1955 !earing from the Chesapeake to Southern Europe, Afr ica, the West Indies , and North America, 1725-1771 1063 . Overall Estimates of Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage 1957 Enteri ng into the Chesapeake from Great Britain , Ireland , Northern Europe, and Unknown Locations, 1725-1771 1064 . Overall Est imates of Total and Chesapeake-owned Tonnage 1959 Enter ing into the Chesapeake from Southern Europe , Africa , the West Indies, and North America, 1725-1771 1065. Estimated Earnings from Chesapeake-owned Shipping 1961 1066. Ship Ownership Persistence Rates, Annapolis District , 1963 Maryland 1067 . Sh ip Ownership Persistence Rates, James River, Lower District, 1964 Virginia 1068. "Official Values " of Exports from England and Scotland to 1975 Maryland and Virginia , 1697-1774 1069. Total Official Value of Scottish Exports to the Chesapeake from 1978 1740 to 1774, Estimated Official Value of Scotti h Exports to the Chesapeake from 1707-1739, and Scottish Imports of Tobacco , 1707-1774 1070. British onsumer Price Index and Schumpeter-Gilboy Price 1981 Index , 1695-1774 lxxx 1071. Current Value of Exports from England , Scotland, and Great 1984 Britain to Maryland and Virginia, 1697-1774 1072. Chesapeake Regional Balances of Trade with the West Indies 1987 ' North America, Great Britain , and Ireland, 1725-1771 (Current ? Sterling) 1073 . Chesapeake Regional Balances of Trade with Northern Europe, 1989 Southern Europe, Africa , and Unknown, 1725-1 771 (Current ? Sterling) 1074. Chesapeake Regional Balances of Trade with the West Indies, 1991 North America , Great Britain , and Ireland , 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 1075 . Chesapeake Regional Balances of Trade with Northern Europe, 1993 Southern Europe, Africa, and Unknown, 1725-1771 (Constant? Sterling) 1995 1076. Overall Chesapeake Annual Balances of Trade 1077. Chesapeake Earnings from Shipping and Chesapeake Annual 1997 Balance of Trade with All Regions Except Great Britain and Africa, 1725-1771 Annual Chesapeake Balance of Payments, 1725-1771 1999 1078 . Cumulative Balance of Payments for the Chesapeake Colonies 2001 1079. and Debt per White, 1725-1771 Trade Earnings per White and Ratio of Trade Earnings to Debt, 2003 1080. 1725-1771 Mean Total Estate Value for Four Chesapeake Counties, 1636- 2005 1081. 1777 Value of Exports from Virginia Naval Officer Districts , 1725- 2018 1082. 1, Valued with 1771 Prices 177 Value of Exports from Maryland Naval Officer Districts, 1725- 2020 1083 . , Valued with 1771 Prices 1771 lxxxi 1084. Value of Imports into Virgin ia Naval Officer Districts, 1725- 2022 177 1, Valued with 177 1 Prices 1085. Value of Imports into Maryland Naval Officer Districts, 1725- 2024 1771 , Valued with 1771 Prices 1086 . Value of British Imports into the Chesapeake, 1725-1774 2026 1087. Export Index , Import Index , and Terms of Trade for the 2028 Chesapeake, 1725- 1771 1088 . Overall Price Index fo r the Chesapeake, 1725-1771 2030 1089 . Colonial Specie CPI , British CPI , Harri s's Farm to 2032 Manufactures Ratio, II arr is' s Chesapeake Farm Index, and Harris 's Chesapeake Manufactures Index, 1700-1774 1090. Terms of Tracie for York County , Virginia; Somerset County , 2035 Maryland ; and the Lower Western Shore of Maryland (St. Mary 's County, Calvert County, Charles County , and Prince George's County), 1658-1777 1 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM OF COLONIAL ECONOMIC GROWTH In an off-the-cuff remark before a Congressional committee in 1959 , economist Raymond Goldsmith surmised that the rate of economic growth in the colonial period cou ld not have been anywhere near the 1.6 percent average growth rate that the United States experienced between 1830 and 1959. Projecting that rate backward quickly yielded estimated levels of GNP per capita for the colonial period which a person could not have survived on. Thus, reasoned Goldsmith , the rate of 1 growth during the colonial period must have been quite low. This remark began a debate on the nature and rate of economic growth in the British North American colonies . While of f 0a 1i 1r ly recent vintage, the literature the subject is rather large, posing two basic questions. First, what was the rate of economic growth over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and did it vary among regions f co Jon ia I Br i ti sh America? And second, and more importantly , O assumi ng that growth occurred, what caused it? Economic historians divide economic growth into two types: extensive and intensive. Extensive growth describes the overall or gross increase in the total value 'John J . McCusker and Russell R. Menard, The_Economy of British America, t 607-17S (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985), 259. 9 2 of products, goods , or services deli vered in an economy. Intensive growth is the increase in gross value of goods, products, and services in an economy, calcu lated on a per capita basis. Intensive growth is the more interesting measure , as per cap ita computation measured in constant va lue terms can reveal growth caused by developmental and structural changes in an economy . Thus , this measure is often referred to as "real growth. " George Rogers Taylor soon challenged Goldsmith's colonial slow-growth hypothesis. He speculated that before 1710, the growth rate for all the colonies must have been slow because of settlement costs and market immaturity . Rapid growth occurred from 1710 to 1775 , due to the confluence of various factors: the population finally possessed characteristics favorable to economic growth such as good health and education ; the development of cities stimulated the agricultural sector ; the use of slave labor reduced the cost of commodity production; and mi litary conflict did not disrupt the economy .2 Robert Gallman dissented from Taylor 's formulation, arguing that economic growth in the eighteenth century was mostly extensive , not intensive. He attributed the lack of intensive growth to the absence of increased productivity. 3 Most 2George Rogers Taylor , "American Economic Growth before 1840: An Exploratory Essay ," Journal of Economic Histo,y 24 (1964): 427 , 429,431 , 434- 35 . 3[Robert Gallman], "The Pace and Pattern of Economic Growth ," in American Economic Growth: An Economist's Histo,y of the United States , ed. Lance E. Davis, 3 recently, Peter Manca// and Thomas Weiss have fo llowed Ga llman's lead, arguing that there was no intensive growth in the co lonia l period, and suggesti ng that if growth occurred, it was because of the contributions of Native Americans. -1 A ll of these theories concerning overall colonial economic growth shared a common prob/em: the scholars relied on indirect ev idence and backward projection for their conclusions instead of di rect observation and testing. 5 These methods ' obscured any changes in patterns of economic growth during the colonial period as well as any regional va riations. Other historians have entered the debate who were more sensiti ve to poss ibiliti es of varying patterns of overall co lonial growth, as well as va ry ing regional rates, and have developed more sophisticated explanations for economic growth . Still , they have often relied on crude approximations and Richard A . East/in , and William N. Parker (New York: Harper and Row, 1972) , 23-34. 4 Peter C. Mancal/ and Thomas Weiss, "Was Economic Growth Likely in Colonial British America?" Journal of Econom;c H;s,ory 59 (1999) : 17-40. M anca ll and Weiss project backwards from information in the late eighteenth and early nineteenlh centuries ; they themselves say their work uses "the conjectural method " and should be viewed as "quantitative experiments about the likely course of economic progress" using "some average figures and stylized facts. " Their attempt to gauge the economic impact of Nati ve Americans "is even a more hypothetical experiment." Gallman criticized extending " the conjectural method " back into the colonial period ; he was "doubtful " as to its benefit. Robert E. Gallman , "Can We Build National Accounts for the Colonial Period?" Wdlt'am and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser. , 56 (1999) : 28-29. 5McCusker and Menard , 261-62 . 4 projections to test their theories. c, In contrast, James F . Shepherd and Gary M. Walton in Shipping, Maritime Trade, and the Economic Growth of Colonial North America examined various possible causes of colonial economic growth and explicitly derived a model to explain it .7 The model posited that increased efficiency and gains in productivity in distribu tion and shipping were pr imar ily responsible fo r colonial economic growth . Components of this increased efficiency included larger ships , smaller crews , greater utilization of shuttle routes , and decreasing port times . All of these improvements in shipping worked to reduce transport costs and to stimulate economic growth. Given the relative ly gradual changes in these facto rs, Shepherd and Walton concluded that economic growth over the course of the eighteenth century was relati vely slow and steady. However, the purpose of their work was not to tes t their general model, and most of their data and conclusions were limited to the years from 1768 to 1772 .8 Marc Egnal entered the debate in 1975 with his own theory of colonial economic growth. He posited that there were two long swings of intensive 6See, fo r example, Marc Egnal, "The Economic Development of the Thirteen Colonies, 1720 to 1775 ," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser. , 32 (1 975) : 191 -122 . 7Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press , 1972. They derived their model in chapter 2. 81n a foo tnote near the conclusion of the chapter in which they develop their theory to explain colonial economic growth , they confess, "We wish to stress that this is a framework suggested to view and aid in the explanation of the broad patterns of colonial economic development- it is not a theory to be tested in this book ." Shepherd and Walton, 25, n. 1. 5 economic growth : one from 1720 to 17 45 , and one from 17 45 to 177 5. The latter of these was marked by slower growth, especially after 1760. Egnal also attempted to give estimates of regional economic growth rates and demonstrated how different these were. He cited three bas ic reasons for economic growth: new, more productive techniques, especially in rice-producing areas; more favorab le export/import price ratios (terms of trade) for the colonies; and more easily avai lable capital. 9 More recently, he expanded and refined his hypothesis of growth : he has now dated the two long cycles of the colon ial (and British) economy as running from 1713 to 1745, and 1745 to 1783. 10 Interestingly , however, the two main plantation economies on the North American mainland did not follow this pattern ; the Chesapeake "marched to a different drummer ," and the Lower South "grew at a pace that bore only a slight resemblance to the long swings of British expansion ." 11 John J. Mcc usker and Russell R. Menard dissented somewhat from Egnal 's hypothes is. While they agreed with him that there was general, but probably decelerating , intensive economic growth from the 1740s to 1775 , they disagreed about the state of the overall economy before the 1740s. McCusker and Menard stated that the colonies experienced rapid economic growth during the initial period of settlement , refl ected in rapidly rising prices until 1660. However, after the early 9Egnal , "Economic Development ," 191-222 . 10Marc Egnal , New World Economies: The Growth of the Thirteen Colonies and Early Canada (N ew York : Oxford University Press, 1998) , 25 . 11Egnal , New World Economies, 78 and 99 . 6 period of rapid growth came a period of slow growth or even stagnation lasting until the 1740s: from the 1660 to the 1690s prices decli ned, rising again until 1715, then fa lling to the ea rl y 1740s. 12 While the e historians have hypothes ized about the overall growth of the thirteen co lonies, other hi sto rians have focused on the Chesapeake region , seeking to explain the reasons for and rates of its economic growth . 13 Among the first was Jacob Price. Although Price's artic le on the subject primarily addressed extensive economic growth , he did propose a model to exp la in intensive economic growth in the C hesapeake. He hypothesized that the establishment of the French tobacco monopol y s ignificantly affected economic growth by 1725 . The mo nopoly inc reased income by reduc ing transaction costs, s ince tobacco did not have to enter an open market and tobacco merchants were ab le to deal in larger lots. Also, the Scottish factors increased the amount of cred it ava il ab le in the Chesapeake. This a llowed them to improve their efficiency by gathering large amounts of tobacco for quick shipment. Thus, increased efficiency and greater ava ilability of credit spurred 12McCusker and Menard , 60, 67. 13There is a reg ional and colony-based economic literature concerning the colonial C hesapeake, but these work are largely descriptive and qua litative. Examples include Margaret S . Morri ss, Colonial Trade of Maryland, 1689-1715 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1914) and Peter V . Bergstrom , "Markets and Economic Diversification in Colonial Virginia , 1700- 1775" (Ph .D . di ss . , University of New Hampshire, 1980) . 7 intensive economic growth in the Chesapeake. 11 ? In their chapter on the Chesapeake, Mccusker and Menard posited that the ups and downs of its economy largely followed those for tobacco. The two long swings of growth, from 1616 to the 1680s and from 1715 to the American Revo lu tion , sandwiched a period of stagnation. 15 The earlier period of growth resulted from steady productivity ga ins both in production and marketing which lowered the price of tobacco. This made tobacco affordable to an increasing market. The period of stagnation from the 1680s to 1715 reflected the planters' inab ility to make any further ga ins in productivity. The second period of growth was much slower and more halting than the fi rst. This phase of growth was demand- led as prices and costs were fa irly constant . 16 Allan Kulikoff also addressed growth in the Chesapeake economy. He claimed to find rapid growth from 1750 to 1775 due to greater gra in exports, Scottish credit , and continued exploitation of labor. However, he appears not to have recognized that the growth he observed may have been extensive. From his graph of agricultural income per worker from 1750 to 1775 , an estimated trend line 14Jacob Price , "The Economic Growth of the Chesapeake and The European Market, 1697-1775, " Journal of Economic History 24 (1965): 496-511 . Price pursued the subject of credit and debt further in his book, Capital and Credit in British Overseas Trade: The View from the Chesapeake, 1700-1776, (Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press, 1980). 15McCusker and Menard , 120. 16McCusker and Menard , 122-125. 8 ng little or no intensive gr owth. 11 reflecti appears to be relatively f lat, esapeake Egnal asse t d t1 1 at the In examining the regional growth of the Ch ' re owth, whi le the period fro m 1732 to no gr 1 775 saw period from 171 3 to 1731 d of li ving." 18 He agreed with d "a steady but moderate rise in the standar witnesse iss that there was no ic historians such as Gallm an and Mancall and We econom omic gains to cultural productivity , but credited some of the econ mcrease in agri Egnal believed that the s trong g costs. Additionally, reduced trans-Atlantic sh ippin om d by a contraction in cred it fr xpansion of credit in the 1740s and 1750s, followe e c growth. 19 I 760 to 1775 influenced e conomi s have failed to agree on t he overall rate of torian In summary, economic hi s hesapeake. They also hav e differed merica or the C economic growth in colon ial A they have given for econ omic The various reasons as to the reasons for that growth . shipping; more effective u se of slave ve been : productivity incr eases in growth ha th-Century Chesapeake Kulikoff, "The Economi c Growth of the Eighteen 17Allan fortunately , fEconomic History 34 (19 79): 275-76, ~83. Un Colonies," Journal o en d data from which he constr ucted l1IS graph, so the tr Kulikoff did not supply th e same graph, and again fai led . Kulikoff used the cannot be reconstructed a ccurately : The Development of So uthern provide the data in his b ook, Tobacco and Slaves to 800 (Chapel Hill , NC: Un iversity of North Cultures in the Ch;sape ake, }680-1 ikewise, there ~ere no dat a to back u~ this graph L Carolina Press, 1986) , 12 0-2 1. o and Slaves: Populat10n , Econom y and. Society in d ,, (Ph in his d ?t t? "Toba cc 1.s se1 a 10n, ounty , Marylan ' .D. diss., Brandeis nth-Century Prince Georg e 's C Eightee University, 1976) . . 78 18 nues, ?Egnal, New World Econo nd 92-96 ? 19Egnal, New World Econo mies , 87-89 a 9 rade? increas ing dome t' . improving terms of t ' s 1c capital; labor; technologica l ch anges; anges in distr ?b t? and organiza tion, effi ciency , and technological ch 1 u ion; better market institutional changes. e colonia l Chesapeake must f economic growth in th To be useful , a study o issues: the natu re and va lidity of regional by considering three se parate begin nd on and measures of eco nomic growth a boundaries, the adequa cy of the definiti t to ty of the theories of gro wth and developmen pment , and the applica bili develo . co lonial circumstances ent c growth can occur at d ifferent rates in differ The idea that economi lt " is Today, i t is readily ac cepted that the "Sunbe gions is quite conunon . re n "Rustbelt " or that the economy of one regio the growing fas ter econom ica lly than olonial economic while that of another is growing. Likewise, c is in a recession , fferent regions, depend ing upon rent rates in di growth probably proce eded at diffe the economic bas is of that region. economic historians ha s been based The regionaliza tion tra ditionally used by usker and Menard obse rved, olitical borders of the c olonies . Yet, as Mcc on the p undaries _20 ften did not coincide wi th natural economic bo political boundaries o lice Hanson enard criticized the reg ionalization used by A Indeed, Mccusker and M di vided the South into udy of wea lth , suggesti ng that she should have Jones in her st 20McCusker and Menard , 87-88. 10 gions as a first priority .21 two re ed to suggest that the h interland of a sea port ker and Menard procee d Mccus r in economic regionaliza tion . 22 Howeve or major waterways be the guiding factor ' se a major waterway c ould zation as well , becau problems exist with thi s conceptua li e. c regions as easily as a political line could hav conomi have cut across differe nt e both the tobacco-produ cing xample, the Potomac R iver system traversed For e y where grains such as wheat and corn g backcountr tidewater and a rapidly growin were quickly replacing tobacco. xport staple, hesis posits, a region's economy is led by its e If, as the staples t d with hesapeake into different sub-regions associate he C we would ideally divid e t easurement This regionalization w ould allow m the production of differ ent staples. f factors in ted with each type of st aple and comparison o of economic growth as socia cent work by f economic developmen t in these regions. Re and reasons for the rate o nsisted of three suggested that the Ches apeake in the 1730s co Lorena Walsh subregions. 23 rable for some analytica l purposes, for s subregionalization is d esi While thi set the tone of the dissertation , tobacco, in general, defined and the purpose of this -65. 21 Mccusker and Menard , 264 22McCusker and Menard , 87-88. mplications for Estimat ing Chesapeake ming the Parts: I 23Lorena S. Walsh , "Su m and Mary Quarterly, 3d. Ser .' 55 ionally ," William Output and Income Sub reg (1999): 53-94. 11 gh notable seconda ry staples, such as ou Chesapeake. Alth economy of the en tire y , they never er the course of the eighteenth centur ped ov Wheat and corn , de velo he overall e of exports to chall enge t a large enough perc entage of the va lu became . 24 dominance of toba cco the possible sub-re gionalization as nd ortant to keep in mi I t is, however, imp cted the might very well ha ve affe s in parts of the ec onomy of a region change ges in commodities n especially true for c ha ional rate of growt h. This would be reg ple, historians have shown that the ced primarily for e xport. For exam produ ighteenth century, changed over the e my of the Eastern S hore significantly econo raphical shifts in to bacco-growing the ri se of wheat cu lture and the geog both in regions. 25 res of adequacy of the de fini tion and measu on is the The second conside rati opment in mists define growth and devel mic growth and de velopment. Econo econo tensive growth , the re 26 economy to be exp eriencing in an very precise terms . For e fo r the lly that tobacco set the ton 24 cCusker and Mena rd argue fo rcefu od; as a contem~ora ry observer put M entire colonial periy for the cordrng to the rise or fa ll Chesapeake econom ryland] ebbs and flo ws ac it "The trade of thi s province [Ma sker and Menard , 1 19. u cco in the market o f England ." McC of toba conomy and Colon ial c E E. Clemens, The A tlanti ornell University 25Walsh and Paul G. rain (Ithaca, NY: C rom Tobacco to G Maryland 's Easte rn Shore: F Press, 1980). uses "input/output ~tional i.ncome acco unts 26The modern prac tice of crea ting n y and pu ts mto various se ctors of an econom matrix of all in to produce a nati onal ed tables," which is a m final values are sum utputs from those s ectors. Then, the o 12 oss Domestic Product (GOP) O""t increase in the Gr ? 1, en th e must be a rea l, per capita - osely, with national income n WI ? 11 1e a term GOP is used interchange ably, though lo ned thematica l equation for GDP i s given below, it can be defi more precise, ma s produced in an economy. A "real ds and service roughly as the va lue of all go o e after accounting for increase" is an increase that i s observed in the GDP figur allows easy comparisons over time , as the value of GDP inflation or deflation . This er capita" is a population-base d figure, ed in terms of constant value. "P is express omists can then easily o facilitating comparison over time and across space. Econ als rowth. separate changes resulting fro m extensive and intensive g defined on a national basis, it s theory is based on the While GDP is usually ed on ion adopted for this study is b as unit of an "economy ." Since the regionalizat alled Gross Regional Product (GRP) as , a term c the "economies" of the differ ent are 28 to describe economic growth a nd development. can be used at it pertains to a specific GRP is defined in the same w ay as GOP, except th l definition of GRP is gion, instead of a nation at lar ge. The formal mathematica re the same as GDP: e as e basic concepts embodied in i nput/output tables are the sam. inco l . . me f.1 gu1 .e . T 1 . athematical executron rs 11101 e complex and precise. those defined below , but the m property from the . . ? "tile total earn ings of labor and . 21 N at1ona 1 mcome 1s l Wonnacott , Macroecononucs, rev . ed " Pau ? . d f d d sei?vice s 3 P10 uct1 ?o n o goo s an : 1978 Irwm, Inc. ' ) , 51 ? (Homewood, IL: Richard D. is . t ew As mentioned abo ve, Marc Egnal used it in h? 2sTh. h concept 1s no 1 1 ? . d conomists have use t e conce pt for some 1s. . . wth and e explorat10n of economic gr o , time . 13 GRP = C + I& + G + X - Z e is Consumption expend itures; wher is Gross investment; nditures for goods and ser vices . is Government expe ' is Exports of goods and se rvices; 29 and is Imports of goo ds and services. industrialized ever, is a definition that is best suited to a modern, This, how suggested a less formal d efinition of income that alton economy . Shepherd and W to yield a useful definitio n of GRP for ation above might be combi ned with t he equ the value ey suggested that colonial income was composed of the colonial period . Th the value of goods and ser vices uced for the market and of goods and services pro d e value of goods and ed by the producing unit. They further divided th consum trade arket into three categories: trade within a colony, services produced for the m 30 tituting d trade between the colony and overseas. By subs between colonies, an nd trade overseas into one ng trade among regions a "region " for "colony ," co mbini nvisibles" (services), and modifying oods) from "i term, separating out "v isi bles " (g our GRP eq uation , we ge t con:e Accounts, 1947-197 7: States National Jn 29Richard Ruggles , "The U nited l Income and Product ceptual Basis and Evolutio n," in The U. S. Natwna Their Con Income and Topics, National Bureau o f Economics, Studies in Accounts: Selected Press , ray F. Foss (Chicago: Uni versity of North Carolina Wealth, vol. 47, ed. Mur on is taken from Wonnaco tt, 11 -13 . atical eq uati 1983), 56. The exact mat hem erd _a nd _Walton defined "i ncome, " hile Sheph 30Shepherd and Walton, 25. W an ap~roxm1~t1on for gros s product. In their y were obviously using th is term as the ca e of ich a_re mclude? here. In the formu lation, they also exc luded services, wh dy will assume that these were sumed, this stu services domestically prod uced and con at the her factors in the gross pro duct, and that they varied very small compared to o t same rate as the gross pro duct did . 14 oods produced within the re gion; where Cd !s Consumpt!on of g to the region. CZ 1s Consumption of goods im ported in ' ; lg is Gross investmen t G is Government expend itures ; xv is Exports of visibles; X; is Exports of invisib les; zv is Imports of vis ibles; ; is Imports of invisib les . Z ion (Cd) is the largest of all a reg The consumption of goods p roduced within fa rms, as well as any rms ; it includes all the food produced and consumed on these te r, it also the hardest to meas ure and egion. Howeve good manufactured within th e r roduced on farms did not en ter the ince goods p probably the slowest to chan ge. S , changes in diet were rket, few records of this typ e of production exist. And ma n of goods imported into the region (CJ is nsumptio slow and long-term . The co y. the imports of visibles (ZJ for the purposes of this stud combined with ss ally small , as were earnings from gro Government expenditures (G ) were gener mvestment (lg). imports (Z) were the most , exports (X) and Of all the components of GR P as being the components for which the best data are interes ting and dynamic, as well will be to establish what the levels available. One major thrus t of this dissertation se of the xports were and how these le vels changed over the cour of imports and e s timating the value of import s and exports ghteenth century in the Ches apeake. E ei n on the balance of trade and debt for the colonial era will also yield informatio nial period "a statistical dark Although one economist has called the colo 15 this myth. 31 While the colonial era does ly dispelled age," recent work has partial hat economists like to use ti re 1 . , 1e s a not provide the kinds of statis tica l information t that can be analyzed. Studies , such as those of tremendous amount of surviv ing data m f information can be mined fro probate records, have reveale d lhat a wealth o extant records. 32 ation contained in the Naval O fficer Shipping This study relies on the inform l governments. 33 vincia NOS L s reta ined by pro Lists (NOS Ls) and similar rec ords rs the Naval Officers and Custom s Collectors and Comptrolle were li sts compiled by e primary purpose of these . While th in the various ports in the Bri tish colonies ion Acts, they contained a rec ord h the Navigat records was to verify complia nce wit almost olonies. For the Chesapeake th e surviving records contained of trade for the c g with cords of ships entering and cle aring Chesapeake ports , alon 40,000 unique re etails on the cargo, ship chara cteristics, and ownership. d isibles (X) will be estimated. of inv Beside the trade in visibles , th e export . For the tivities such as shipping, insur ance, and mercantile services These are ac e sale of ships comprised a sig nificant ipping and th Chesapeake, earnings from sh Real Product Growth J1Paul David , "New Light on a Statistical Dark Age: U. S. re 1840 "American Economic Review 58 (1967) : 294-306. befo ' nd, ple, Gloria L. Main, ~oba~co G _olony: life in Earl! Maryla J2See, for exam P1ess, 1972) and Lois Green Carr ' (p .? t NJ ? Princeton U111vers1ty C ,v ? 16501720 1 mce on, ? 1 , s rrorld: Agrzculture and - Rus R M ?d d Loren a s. Walsh , Robert o e 11 ai ' an 1.1 . f N . h C 1? se . en apel Hill : U1 vers1ty o 01t aroma Press I) i(Ch ' 199 ? SO CL. ety I .n Early Mary 1a nc. 33 e d 1?s ed in Ap. pend ix 1. These records ar cuss 16 nial period . A second major t hrust of this source of earnings in the late colo from the data in the NOSLs. dissertation will be to estimat e these earnings lity of the various theories of g rowth and The third- that of the app licab i onial circumstances-also need s to be addressed. Of all the development to col n ed about the nature and causes of growth i economic historians who have speculat veloped a testable the colonial economy, only Sh epherd and Walton have de ' ial economic growth. Underly ing their theory , which theoretical model of colon ic e the primary cause for econo m posited that reductions in tran saction costs wer st of this dissertation will be t o major thru growth, was the staples thes is . The third Shepherd their model for the Chesapeak e. The efficiency factors in explicitly test can be specifically calculated f rom the information in the and Walton 's model increas ing productivity in the s hipping and NOSLs to see if there is indee d trade. distribution functions associat ed with the Chesapeake 's other secondary sources combi ned with the data on Using information from tion will be to discuss the va lu e thrust of the disserta ex ternal trade the fourth majo r ' wth in the f the staples thesis in explainin g the process of economic gro o red by the work of Harold Inn is and Chesapeake. The staples thes is , pionee asizes export staples as the lea ding es, emph theoretically defined by Richa rd Cav 34 f 11 ? ? f newly settled regions. While the tenet s o t 1s .c . . a ctors 111 the economic gt o wt I1 o 1 o tile staples thesis, see McCus ker and Menard ch , ? 1 , or t 34 p d t' or an i. ntro uc 1011 ell R Menard , "Approaches to t he Analysis of ? G d RussD ? av1 ct W. alenson an 17 to early American historians, se veral of its thesis are relatively well -know n nce to the eighteenth-century nnportant points need to be exa mined in refere an unlimited supply of a natur al peake. As postulated , lhe thesi s assumes Chesa ducing case land. By the eighteenth c entury, however, tobacco-pro resource, in this have conformed to this postula te. But, the to areas of the Chesapeake do nol appear in both regions may have cont inued ec dary staples onom1 .c advent of significant secon regime. Also, the linkages, or spread effects, of some growth under a staples to intensive economic growth. 3 s Carville antly staples may have contributed s ignific onstrated the important effects of linkages in Earle and Ronald Hoffman hav e dem 36 their work on wheat farming in the upper Chesapeake. e that point to examine in relation to t he staples thesis is the postulat Another tes over a shorter may more adequately explain v ariation in economic growth ra it factors er one . 37 on for this difference is that the The reas period than over a long a ," Historical Methods 13 (198 0): Americ 3 _ _ itish 6 Economic Growth in Colonial Br s' eoretical treatment of the staple ~ thesis , see '" Vent for Surplu For Caves' more th aldwm, ed. , Trade, Growth, an d the Models of Trade and Growth ," in Robert E. B ts: Essays in Honor of G~:tfrie d Haber/er (Chicago: Rand Balance of Paymen 04 , an~ Export-Led Growth a nd the New -1 McNally and Company, 1965): 95 tory, " in Jagdish N. Bhagw_at1 , et al, eds._, T~ade, balance of Economic His Ec~no:ntcs m Honor of Charles P. in Jnternat1~nal payments, and growth: Essay s 971): 403 -442. dleberger (New York: America n Elsevier Publishmg Co., 1 Kin s, see Caves, "' Vent for Surplu s'," 111 -112, or JsFor a discussion of linkage Caves, "Export-Led Growth ," 433-438. offman , "St~ple Cr~ps and_ Urb an Development in 36Carville Earle and Ronald H 1976) : 5-78 . enth-Century South," Perspecti ves tn Amencan Hzsto,y IO ( the Eighte 37 Z.Caves "' Vent for Surplus' ," !O ' 18 e effect h tend to affect the econom y gradually , having littl causing long-term growt growth.38 on short term variations i n nial economic growth , bo th overall raphy on colo In summary , the historiog t, this dissertation sapeake region , is contrad ictory and unclear. Firs and for the Che rom the Chesapeake over much rts into and exports f will establish the levels o f impo portant and dominated the of the eighteenth century. While tobacco was im t ation after the l 740s is res ponsible for a major par ific Chesapeake economy, div ers estimate the value of imp orts and capita growth in exports. lt wi ll also of the per amine the ri sing level of ts from the Chesapeake fr om 1725 to 1775, and ex expor arnings Second , the fo llowing ch apters will estimate the e debt over this period . nt source sales. This area of endea vor provided an importa from ship ownership and d, the applicability of She pherd and lonies. Thir of earnings for the Chesa peake co sted in relation to the toba cco trade. wth will be te Walton 's theory of econo mic gro in the limited period after 1745, and even then, Their theory explains gro wth only hange, were the driving fo rce in efficiency ga ins. c imperial wars, not evoluti onary ry will offer an interpretatio n of the eighteenth centu urth, and finally , this wor k Fo o be much venteenth-century Chesape ake, which would seem t JsEven in the se nth , Terry Anderson and thesis than the eightee closer to the tenets of the staples e ability of the staples the s is stions about th Robert Paul Thomas have raised que plain economic grow th ? They suggest that there ation on tobacco to fully e x entr h conc rted some intensive econo mic growt were other undetermined linkages that suppo . Anderson and Robert Paul les thes is. Terry L greater tha;1 that predicte d by the stap ations in the Seventeenth-Centu ry Chesapeake, " Explor Thomas, "Economic Gro wth (1978): 380-38 l . in Economic History 15 19 hesapeake with spec ial attention to the re levance of the economic growth in the C e economic staples thes is. Growth in export stapl es- tobacco and gra ins-led th ures. g rowth of the reg ion, as refl ected in a variety of meas 20 CHAPTER 2 HESAPEAKE ECONOMY , 1 630-1775 GENERAL DIRECTIONS IN THE C the data for hile the eighteenth century is not a "statistical dark age," W my simply do not ex ? t mpiling modern economic sta tistics for the colonial econo IS . co substitute eview of the li terature in the p revious chapter made clear, As the r he general trends of the colon ial tlining t indicators often must suffice in ou y. This chapter focuses on th ree such indicators for the Chesapeake econom : the index of prices, the term s of trade, and Chesapeake deri ved from ex i sting works adds a di ffe rent and meaning ful h of these the patterns of exchange rates . Eac tation of the overall directions of the colonial Chesapeake indicator to the interpre economy. able fo r t of these indicators, a reliab le price index , is not only va lu The firs dicating what y comparing di ffe ring price le vels over time, but also in in consistentl the twentieth century, good ere. ' Before the general directions of an ec onomy w e usker, How Much is That in Re al Money ? A Historical Pric 'John J. McC Economy of the United States y_V alues_ in the Index for Use as a Deflator of Mone 07-3 12 (hereafter, (Worces ter , MA: American A ntiquanan Soc1e~y'. 1992), 3 e title uch is That). This work ongrn ally appeared under the sam Mcc usker How M erican Antiquarian Society 101 (1 991): an artici'e in the Proceedings o f the Am as r Russell Menard stated the s_a me proposition quite 29 _ _ Mccusker and co-a utho 7 373 ys mean good times nor decre as ing explicitly , "While increasing prices do not alwa 21 s cycle) were generally accom panied by onomic times (upswings in th e busines ec wnturns in the business cycle ) were increasing prices , and poor ec onomic times (do accompanied by decreasing p rices. genera lly economies related to one ano ther should Add itiona lly, price indices in and her hus , price indices for Britain genera lly fo llow the same tre nds over time. T y similar characteristics, beca use ad generall colonies in the Americas shou ld have h both were tied together by tra de and mercantiJism. ryland, Virginia, and the ove ra ll for Ma Figure 1 gives the price indice s 0, there was a rapid , but vola ti le 2 d about 167 Chesapeake. Between 1630 an e data nomy; however, this must be a qualified observation, as th downturn in the eco t 1666 to 1740, there was a s low u were weakest during this peri od . From abo ' ent per year. This era a ll decline in the economy , av eraging -0.47 perc ' over s. First, there was a distinct downward trend ver, contained several sub-tre nd howe rcent per year . From 1695 to .76 pe from 1665 to 1695, at an ave rage rate of -0 nd fa ll of indexes of commodi ty prices have usually prices bad times, the rise a con~raction." John J . McCus ker and c expansi~n. and paralleled periods of economi 89 (Chapel Hill : ell R. Menard , The Economy of Bntzsh Amen ca, 1607-17 Russ point , orth Carolina Press , 1985) , _6 1 . McCusker 1:eiterates the University of N rices ore the middle of the twentieth century , periods of ri sing p " . . . at least bef eri?ds of_economic growth ju st as periods of generally corresponded well w ith p . 11~ other words, we can agr ee that falling prices were periods of econom1~ declme mess cycle. Mcc usker, How Much is That, e bus cycles in price levels parallele d th 311 . derivation and numerical data . 2see Appendix 2 for a discuss ion of 300 275 Maryland 250 - 225 - Virginia 200 X Chesapeake ~- 175 C 150 125 - 100 - 75 50 -- - - ----- 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 1. Mary land, Virginia, and Overall Chesapeake Price Indices , 1630-1775 ( 1720-29 = 100) . Source: Appendix 2, Tables 27 and 33. N N 23 upward more sharply at 1.0 percent per year, but then 1705 the trend moved r). From 1710 to declined almost at fast from 1705 to 1715 (-0.87 percent per yea op from 1730 to 1737. 1730, the growth trend was generally lev el, with a sharp dr From that poinl there is fa irly steady gro wth until the Revolution. ll Chesapeake, Pennsylvania , and British price Figure 2 graphs the overa hat immed iately stands out on this graph is the phenomenal growth rate in indices. W ritain and her Chesapeake colonies . the thirty years from 1744 to 1774 for bo th B e Chesapeake colonies was about 1.3 The rate of growth in the price index for th percent per year, while that for Britain w as about 1.5 percent per year. e is that both economies appear to have s uffered a The second striking featur 736, with the drop in the Chesapeake bei ng sharp depression between 1730 and 1 by the much more severe. After that point, grow th in both economies, as depicted price indices , was rapid and upward. index also has an interest ing secular trend that is hidden by the The British 0 to 1730 saw many ups and swings in the British economy. The cent ury from 163 same in both years, and the downs ; however, the index numbers are about the 3 ge of the index numbers over that time sp an is very close to 100. In other avera e of the century before 1730, there appare ntly was 110 overall words over the cours ' growth in the British economy. verage JThe index value for 1630 was 97.88; tha t for 1730 was 98 .53. The a 1730 102 20 ? of all the values from 1630 to was ? 180 170 160 - Chesapeake 150 - Britain 140 130 , >< Pennsylvania .g 120 ..C.... . ,J 110 - 100 - 1/\ --.., 90 80 70 60 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 2 . British, Chesapeake , and Pennsylvania Price Indices, 1660-1775 (1720-29= 2 1, 0 T 0a ).b le Ss o u2 r7 c ea :n Ad p3 p3 e. n dix N +'-- 25 dices follow each other fairly closely in overall trends after Finally, both in the colonial 1660. The early divergence- a rap id de flation before 1660 in of the early Chesapeake index-probably came from the end ing of the tobacco boom e and the increas ing synchronization of the economies of Britain and her Chesapeak Navigation Acts helped tie the American colonies through the Navigat ion Acts. The re of onomies of Britain and her colonies tog ether, accounting for the parallel natu ec their indices after the late seventeenth c entury. ndicator of colonial economic health is a measure called the terms A second i io of the index of value of exports to ind ex of the value of of trade. This is the rat in rts, and it represents the purchas ing pow er of goods exported by an economy impo my, relation to the goods imported in to that economy. For the Chesapeake econo as so closely ti ed to exports and imports by mercantilism, this measure is which w the case of the Chesapeake, the data are di vided into an especially important. In ricultural price index and a manu facture s price index. The fo rmer roughly ag ue of exports, predominantly agricultura l materials, represents the index of the val resents the index of the value of imports , mostly and the latter roughly rep manufactured goods. The entire . g,.a ph s th ese ratios for Maryland and Virginia. F1gure 3 300 - 275 - 250 - Virginia 225 ~ 200 - Maryland 0 -~ 175 -- ~ 150 ~ I ' 125 - I /' ? I ,_,j ' 100 - ~ ~ .f? ! 75 - 50 --- ------ - -- ~-- -- --- -- 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 3. Ratio of Farm Index to Manufature Index for Virgina and Maryland , 1630-1775 (1720-29=100). Source: Appendix 2, Table 35 N 0\ 27 aw its overall purchasing power decline from 1 660 to 1690 f Chesapeake s rom 15 to 4 downs during 20 percent over those thirty years. While ther e were many ups and period , the downward trend is clear, most like ly continuing a trend from 1620_ this lonies saw their purchas ing power rise dramatic a lly; but From 1690 to 1700, both co 5 after 1704, the ratio continued its downward tre nd. 1730, the ratios for Virginia and Maryland take very different paths. After For Virg inia, an innection point comes around 1740, and the trend after that is r Maryland continues to decline strongly upward . On the other hand, the ratio fo until the late 1750s , when it starts its significa n t upward thrust. Since Figure 3 graphed the rat ios of the agricul tural index to the agricul tural or manufactures index for each colony, either the respective diffe rent fo r Maryland and Virginia after 1730 . manufactures index must be very The fa rm price indices fo r each colony, except for the decade of the 1730s, the in Figure 4. The graph of the indices are extremely close and para llel, as show n 4The regress ion line t~r V!rginia fr:om 16_~5 _t~ 1 ,690 was -0.43466(year) + fo rn'.at10~, V11 grnra s term of trade decreased at 848 .8426. Us ing this regress ion m a rate of _ % per year. The regr~ss10n_lme fo r ~ ar~land fro?11 660 to 1690 0 363 was - l.O l (year) + 1823.238. Us rng this regress ion rn fo rmatron, Maryland's 484 terms of trade decreased at a rate of O? 8 23 % per yea r. 35569(year) _ sThe regression line fo r Virginia '.rom1 _69? ~o, 1700 was 4.3 g this regress ion informat1_on, Vrrg1nra s terms o f trade increased at a 7226. 77 . Us in rate of 3. 66% per year. The regress_ion lrne f? r ~ ary~and _from 1690 to 1700 was atron, Maryland 's terms of 2.95643 1( year) - 4892.9 3 . Us ing thrs reg '.?ess1o n rn fo r m trade increased at a rate of 2.SS % per year? 350 325 300 275 Maryland 250 225 Virginia 200 x _g 175 t:: \" /1. I 150 r /A._ ,,, 125 100 "' V 75 Iv 50 25 0 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 4, Virginia and Maryland Farm Products Price Index, 1630-1775 (1720-29=100), Source: Appendix 2 , Table 34_ N 00 29 e index for each colony, as shown in Figure 5, is quite different. manufactures pric 775, the index for There is a not iceable divergence in the indices . From 1735 to 1 , while the secular trend of Maryland 's manu factures index increased fairly stead ily that fo r Virginia was relatively flat overa ll . req uired that most , if not all, of the manufactu red Since the Navigation Acts ods imported into the Chesapeake had to come from or through Great Britain go ' the Chesapeake. c, But there should have been no difference in their in itial cost in ' ods in the retai l market was indeed the price indices indicate that the cost of these go different. 7 The difference must have come from the way they were retailed. The divergence in manu fac tures price indices, combined with the observation e inflection points for each colony came roughl y ten years after each colony passed th its first tobacco inspection act, pointed to an in teres ting conclusion . The conclusion not that tobacco inspection significantly raised the price of tobacco. In fact, the was icated that the passage by Virginia of the tobacc o inspection act of farm index ind had little effect on raising its price-Maryland 's farm index was virtually the 1737 t (cost of goods plus insurance an~ freight) of E uropean 6That is, the c. i.f. cos market should not have vaned . goo d s ?. th e Ch 111 es apeake wholesale The Maryland and Virginia data are from proba te records, so they are not 1 technically market prices. 300 -- - --- -- --- - - --~ ~ 275 250 225 - Maryland 200 175 Virginia X ~ 150 C ' ' ; ! ' I \ I\ \' \ 125 ' ' l I,,. 100 .,-; 75 - 50 - 25 - 0 - -- -- - --? -~ ---- ------------ 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 YeM Figure 5. Virginia and Maryland Manufactures Price Index, 1630-1775 . (1720-29=100). Source: Appendix 2, Table 34 . w 0 31 inspection stimulated competition a mong 8 same as Virginia 's. Instead, tobac co retailers of consumer goods. inspection acts created warehouse sites where the tobacco The tobacco performed. Around these sites sma ll areas of settlement grew. 9 inspection was s, whether owned by either Often, these settlements contained one or more store merchants or local merchants back ed with English capital. The factors of Scotch anter to comparison shop , and this l presence of multiple retail outlets e nabled the p ds. Likewise, the system of crop n otes competition lowered the price of re tail goo es permitted the planter to spend the proceeds of his labor where he and tobacco not d o to a single merchant at harvest tim e an wished ; he did not have to sell his tobacc e year. 10 pay whatever retail prices that merc hant demanded the rest of th ime lag of seven to ten years was an indication of the time it took to The t arc Egnal. See Egnal, New World 8This conclusion contradicts that of M rk: s: The Growth of the Thirteen Colo nies and Early Canada (New Yo Economie Oxford University Press, 1998), 80 ,86. t use the term "town," as the issue of the absence or c;I purposefully do no ted ce of Chesapeake "towns" and wha t constituted a "town" have genera presen aphical controversy. See Jacob M. Price, "Economic Function and some historiogr erspectives in the Growth of American Port Town s in the Eighteenth Century ," P American History 8 (1973) : 121 -18 6. en Carr and Lorena Walsh, "Chang ing Lifestyl 10Lorena Walsh in Lois Gre . k ,, . C es l Chesapea e, m ary Carson, Ro nald and Consumer Behavior in the Colo rna J. Albert, eds . ' Of Consumin? J,u~r ests: The Style of Life in the Hoffman , and Peter he Urnversity Press ~f Virginia, 19 94) , T Eighteenth Century (Charlottesville , ~ ~: e of th i 111 also sees increasing compet1t10 n among stores and the importanc 104- ? WI I '_ s cont . s ' rices. However, as l est i_s I argely an urban-rural competition in lowering p t t mter-colonial differenc e. dichotomy while the ev idence abov e suggeS S an importan , 32 estab li sh these settl ement sites and for the effects of the merchant 's competition to spread through the economy. So , if the data in the indices were accurate, the tobacco inspect ion acts did have a significant impact on the Chesapeake economy. It did not ra ise the price of tobacco , but it lowered the retail price of goods through mercantile competition in the settlements at inspection warehou e sites. Additionally, the two major structura l changes in the Chesapeake economy occurred when the purchas ing power of Chesapeake products was increas ing-the first from I 685 to 1700 and the second after 1745. Undoubtedly , both small and large planters used this relative prosperity to sw itch to more beneficial methods and products. In the late seventeenth century, a short-lived increase in purchasing power not only gave planters renewed faith in the tobacco economy , but also provided them with the additional means to purchase slaves, helping to radically change the workforce of the Chesapeake. After 1745 , Chesapeake planters increas ingly had the means to aga in change their economy; this time they invested in ship and diversified their crop production into wheat, corn, and other products to meet the demands of the West Indian slaves and Southern European peasants. The third indicator of economic health was exchange rates. Both Virginia and Maryland established their own provincial currency. While denominated in pounds, shillings, and pence like British Sterling, they had a different value and maintained an exchange with sterling just as if they were the currency of a different country. 33 Each of the colonial currencies had a set va lue in gold or silver , ca lled "par ," and the exchange ra te va ried arou nd this va lue depend ing on market conditions. The change in these rates of exchange is most clearly tracked through surviving info rmation about bills of exchange. Bi ll s of exchange were fina ncial instruments used to pay debts in Brita in, or wherever the bill was drawn . They made pay ments poss ible in distant places , where the cost of shi pping gold and sil ver would have been high. 11 The exchange rate reflected the relative availability of bills of exchange drawn on Britain and the demand fo r those bills. People who had credi t balances with merchants in England (the value of goods they had shipped to England exceeded the value of goods they had imported from England) offered these credits fo r sa le. The buyers were people who owed money to merchants or others in England because the value of goods they had shipped to England was less than the value of goods they had imported. When the credits with British merchants were offered for sale in the colonial market, the laws of supply and demand determined their price. If the supply of credits exceeded the demand fo r them, their price declined below the par value. If the demand fo r credits exceeded their upply, their value advanced above par va lue. 11John J . McCusker, Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600- 1775: A Handbook (Chapel Hill : Uni vers ity of North Carolina Press, 1975) is the authoritati ve source on the usage of bill of exchange as well as their ra tes of exchange. See espec ially 20-23 fo r a description of how the bills functioned in trade between the colonies and England . 34 When the supply of credits and demand for them were the same, the value remained at par . For colonial currencies, when the va lue was "above par ," it took more pounds of colonial currency to buy the same ? I 00 sterling; thus, the colonial currency was worth less . This state reflected an excess in demand for or a lack of supply of credits. Similarly , when the va lue of a colonial currency was "below par ," it took fewer pounds of colonial currency to buy the ? I 00 Sterling; thus, the colonial currency was worth more. This condition reflected a lack of demand for or an oversupply of credits . For the colonies and their economic health , the first condition was one to be avo ided, whil e the second was one to be des ired . This understanding of supply and demand is crucial to the interpretation of Chesapeake exchange rate data and the respective changes in par which are graphed in Figures 6 and 7. Figures 8 and 9 graph the same data as percentages over or under par. Virginia's exchange history shows that its colonial currency generally traded at a premium (the cost in Virginia currency for ?100 Sterling was generally below the legal par), which means that the supply of credits generally exceeded the demand for them. Only from 1755 to 1765 , when the Virginia assembly purposefully introduced an inflated paper currency, did the currency trade significantly above par. With the forced withdrawal of the paper currency by the Parliamentary Currency 180 - -- -~--~ - ~-~ 170 160 - Exchange Rate 150 - < ~ - -- --- --- - " -- 130 120 - 110 - 100 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 6. Exchange of Maryland , 1660-1775 (? Maryland Hard Currrency per ?100 Sterling). Source: Appendix 2, Table 36. w VI 170 - 160 150 - Exchange Rate V 140 - on C: Par C'5 .c 0 x U.J 130 120 110 100 - 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 7. Exchange of Virginia , 1660-1775 (? Virginia Currency per ?100 Sterling). Source: Appendix 2, Table 36 . I..>.) ?' 15 % -- - 10% - 5% '- C'<:S 0... E 0 % I 0 <;: I I -10 % - -15 % - -20 % --- --- -~- 1675 1685 1695 1705 1715 1725 1735 1745 1755 1765 1775 Year e, 1675 - I 77 5. Source : Appendix xchange Ra t ryl and Hard Currency E 2F, igTuarb Ma el e8 . 36V. ariance from Par of the w -...J 30% - - ------- --- - 25 % -- 20% -- & 15% _ E 2 ~ 10% - u c:: <,:) '- <,:) > 5% -- 0% I -5% -10% 1675 1685 1695 1705 1715 1725 1735 1745 1755 1765 1775 Year ource: Appendix, Table Par of the Virginia Currency E xchange Rate, 1675-1775 . S 3F6ig. ure 9. Variance from t,..) 00 39 l operating area, rem aining dropped back to its n orma ge Act of 1764, the exc han eorge's 12 ar. Only during th e period of King G under par more year s than above p ). y trade above par (th at is, lose its value ar did Virginia curre ncy cons istentl W ly traded below its p ar ncy, like Virginia's , usual Maryland's hard cur re the demand for the m . u ed dicating that the supp ly of credits exceed value, again in w revaluation of King George 's War in the 1740s, the slo Only the turmoil cau sed by 60s forced e French and Indian War in the early I 7 , and th par in the early 1750 s eaning that it was le ss va luabl e. trade above par, m Maryland 's paper cu rrency ms, meaning that th e d impress ive premiu therwise, Maryland currency commande O dits often exceeded d emand . supply of cre ard , but must be ation of these data is fairly stra ightforw The interpret efore the American ive years b lified . Over the cou rse of the seventy-f qua r e colonies generally traded below its pa cy of the Chesapeak Revolution , the curr en m. Thus or a lack of demand for the e, indicating an exce ss supply of credits ' valu d these tobacco colo nies usually favore nts for the Chesapea ke ' the balance of paym e f payments . and for credits was t ied to the balance o since the supply of a nd dem its in any or all three of the tained these cred Maryland and Virgin ia ob urrent account, the b ullion alance of payments : the c ised the b accounts that compr cuss ion of this . 12 ker , Money and Exch ange, for a full dis See McCus rrency" and "paper 13 differences between Maryland "hard cu For the . For the purposes f ti . ccusker , Money and Exchange, 189-204 0 ll S cy ," see M . . . .- urren w ith Virginia c currency 1s appropri ate ior comparison comparison, Maryla nd hard currency. 40 capital account. ,-1 The current account w as comprised of account , and the e colonies and "v isibles ," or the physical goods traded between the Chesapeak een these same Britain , and the "invisibles ," or the inta ngible services traded betw ers . Chapters Three and Four exam ine th e "vis ible" trade of the Chesapeake in partn e detail. Chapter Five exami nes the one tobacco and other commod ities in som nvisible" sector that was significant in th e Chesapeake economy-earnings from "i hipping. Among other points , Chapter the carrying trade from Chesapeake-own ed s urrent account and this Six shows that the Chesapeake always ra n a deficit in the c deficit rap idly increased after 1763. ransfers. The bullion account for the colonial Che sapeake saw few t shrined in British law prohibited the exp ort of bullion from Mercantilist tenets en at Britain to the colonies . What li ttle bu llion that did come from the mother Gre plate-teapots, plates, chalices , etc . country came in the form of decorative s ilver trade, and is included in the visibles This accounted for a small part of the ov erall of the current account. What bullion or specie the colonies acquired came from part me trade with other colonies or countries . T he West Indies were the origin of so 15 lion imports into the Chesapeake, especi ally after 1763 . The continental bul rtages, so imports and especially colonies constantly complained of specie s sho y small relative to the size of the exports of bullion and specie must have been ver sker and Menard , 36-37 has a succinct di scussion of this topic. 14McCu 1ssee the tables in Appendix 4 for spec ifi c examples. 41 roximate the changes in the bul lion account current account. Thus , it is saf e to app as zero. made up for the deficit in This leaves the capital account , which obviously s no doubt that British merchan ts the current account. The excha nge data leave ' nies kers advanced large amounts of capital to the Chesapeake colo factors, and ban ' od investment over the long term . In spite of the apparently thinking it was a go e colonies were aints of many British merchants that their correspondents in th compl of some of the Chesapeake elite cular debts slow to pay , and in spite of the specta ' the capital infusions that were y commanded the economy of the Chesapeake eas il intain the balance of payments, and thus stable exchange rates. needed to ma possible reasons why these Bri tish merchants Chapter Six will explore some o f the t have been willing to make suc h large advances . migh es demonstrated Thus, the maintenance of the ve ry favo rable exchange rat lth and vitality of the that British capital markets gene rally had great fa ith in the hea y. Their capital transfers not on ly made the high level of Chesapeake econom story of economic prosper ity poss ible, they were e ssential. At least part of the of the avai lability of capital to a llow ke is one growth in the colonial Chesapea change and growth when debts from trade ran high. ed in this chapter-price indices , terms of ew In conclusion , the indicators rev i y that did not do well trade, and exchange rates-all p oint to a Chesapeake econom 42 between 1660 and 1745. Overall price indices genera lly trended downward, following that of Great Britain , and planters saw their buying power stead ily decrease, except for a short, sharp rise in the late seventeenth century. However, exchange rates were generally stable , indicating that British capital was avai lable to support the colonies . After 1745, the economy of Maryland and Virginia did comparatively well. Price indices for agricultural goods increased at a rapid rate. The terms of trade began a marked period of improvement. And , the exchange rates continued to do we ll in spite of increas ing debt in the colonies. 43 CHAPTER 3 THE CHESAPEAKE TOBACCO TRADE, 1680-1775: FREIGHT RATES AND SHIPPING EFFICIENCY In 1686, Virginia planter William F itzhugh wrote to Thomas Clayton and Silvester Richmond , Li verpool tobacco merchants, proposing a plan for "a quick 1 constant, & certain , & I believe adva ntageous trade." If Clayton and Richmond would send a ship from England , he would coordinate the quick loading of tobacco on it , take a load of English goods in return , and share half the risk of the venture with them. As Fitzhugh put the advantages, "your goods f would have] a certain Sale , your Ship a certain Load ing, yo ur selves but one half the risque . .. , [and] no fear of bad or slow Debts. "2 Fitzhugh 's proposal about ship usage would have maximized efficiency. Fitzhugh proposed that Clayton and Richmond send a ship to the Chesapeake to arrive in November . Fitzhugh would see it loaded and di spatched to England within a month. The ship could then return to Virginia in February, and would be 1William Fitzhugh to Thomas Clayton and Silvester Richmond , April 26 , 1686, in Richard Beale Davis, ed ., William Fitzhllgh and His Chesapeake World, 1676-170/: The Fitzhugh leflers and Orher Documenrs (Chapel Hill: Univers ity of North Carolina Press, 1963) , 181 -183 . 2Beale, ed. , Fitzhugh , 181. 44 dispatched with similar quickness. "By this means one ship will readily & eas ily perfo rm two voyages in one yea r, the Seamen kept in full employment, & conseq uently deserve their wages , the Master busily & constantly employ 'd & the Ship according to the intent of her building in a continual I Run & as above all things in certa inty .... " Fitzhugh concluded that this method "will deli ver Tobo. in Eng Id . at cheaper rates than is now purchased . "3 Fitzhugh's proposal was a reaction to the beginning of significant changes in the Chesapeake tobacco economy during the late seventeenth century. Pr ices and production entered a long period of stagnation that lasted until 1715. At the same time , planters began a gradual transition from indentured servants to African slaves as their primary labor force . Finally, the period from the 1680s to the 17 lOs included more yea rs of war than peace. These war years drove up freight rates, making tobacco more expensive for the consumer and less profitab le for the planter. 4 While tobacco dominated the eighteenth-century Chesapeake economy, the tobacco trade changed and grew during that time. Chesapeake production levels, real earnings from tobacco, and the distribution of trade among British ports all 3Ibid. , 181-182. Fitzhugh later even sugges ted that a "flyboat" be sent instead of regular "County Ships," because fl yboats were "sailed almost with the same charge" and "are built for the profit of Merchants, than the Accomodation of Masters &c . Being of a large hold & little Cabbin ." Fitzhugh to Clayton, April 18, 1687, Beale, ed ., Fitzhugh, 226. 4 For a description of this change, see Russell R. Menard , "The Tobacco Industry in the Chesapeake Colonies, 1617-1730: An Interpretation ," Research in Economic History S (1980): 109-177. --- --- .. ~.,. . ..,,,. 45 changed significanlly as the industry grew out of the slump of the ea rly eighteenth centu ry . The first pa rt of this chapter wi ll discuss the general lobacco industry over this time. The second part of the chapter wi ll address trans-Atlantic tobacco freight ra tes. The cos t of transporti ng to bacco from North America to Europe was a critica l component of the tobacco trade. While the rea l fa rm price for Chesapeake tobacco generally ranged between one and a half pence and two and a half pence sterling per pound , the real cost of transporting that pound of tobacco to Europe exceeded one pence per pound over much of this period . 5 Thus, freight cos ts could comprise thirty to forty percent of the price fo r tobacco imports into England . Reductions in the cost of freight could mean significant reductions in the market cost of tobacco. Tobacco dominated the eighteenth- century Chesapeake economy, but the 6 tobacco industry did not grow as vigorously after 1680 as it had earlier. The overall level of Chesapeake tobacco production remained fa irly stable th roughout the period of King William's and Queen Anne 's War , as demonstrated by Figure 10. 7 5 Note that the prices are in rea l pence sterling, with 1860= 100. See tables 37, 38, and 39 for data. 6See Menard , "Tobacco Industry," 111 -11 3. 7Figure 1 actually graphs tobacco imports into England and Great Britain , most of which came from the Chesapeake. While some tobacco was undoubtedly consumed in the Chesapeake, most tobacco grown in the Chesapeake was exported to England or Scotland . Therefore, the British imports and Chesapeake production will be used interchangeably. 100,000 90 ,000 - England 80,000 - 70,000 Great Britain Cl) -0 c:: :::l 0 60,000 0... 4- 0 Cl) 50,000 -0 c:: ce Cl) :::l 0 40 ,000 - ..c:: E- 30 ,000 I 20 ,000 10,000 0 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 10. Tobacco Imported into England and Great Britain , 1670-1775. (Three Year Moving Average) Source: Appendix 3 , Table 37 . +>-- ?' 47 From 1715 to 1739 , tobacco output grew slowly and unevenly, w ith a major dip occurring in the mid-1720s. Surpris ing ly, King George' s War did not lead to a period of stagnation , as had occurred during the earlier wars; tobacco production continued to grow during and after the war , peaking in 1752. Exports then declined drastically until the beginning of the French and Indian War. From that point there was genera ll y accelerated growth in tobacco production , interrupted only by a major drop immed iately following that war's end. These overall figures masked changes occurring within the tobacco trade ; the distribution of the trade among the var ious British ports changed considerab ly over the e ighteenth century. F igure 11 graphs the percentage of the British tobacco imports go ing to three trading areas-London, Scotl and (largely Glasgow and G reenock) , and the Eng li sh outports (Bri sto l, Liverpool, Whitehaven, and a ll other Engli sh ports, excluding London). Before 1730, London ' s share of the tobacco trade was dominant and stable . The trade share of the outports gradually declined , while that of Scotland slowly rose after the Union of 1707 . The 1730s and 1740s witnessed a dramatic change in the tobacco trade. The share of the outports began a long decline, which made them a minor player in the tobacco trade by the time of the American Revolution. London 's share of the trade also fell during these two decades, then leveled out for the remainder of the co lonial period . Meanwhile , Scotland's share grew rapidly, so that for the decade after the French and Indian 50.000 40,000 London tJ) "O C: English Outports g 30 ,000 0.... 4-; 0 tJ) "'O Scotland C: <:<:I tJ) I g 20 ,000 ..c: r' '- 10 ,000 0 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 11. Tobacco imported into London , the English Outports , and Scotland , 1670-1775 . Source: Appendix 3, Table 37 . ..,.. 00 49 War, it surpassed London as the major tobacco trading center. s The overall output figures and competition among British tob acco p orts, acco economy. however , were only part of the changes taking in the Chesapeake tob From 1700 to 1775 , the secular trend in tobacco production per capita followed a slow , erratic decline. Figure 12 illustrates this decline in both output per white person and per capita. 9 On average, tobacco production per white was fa? I I? I Y 11 1? gh 1.1 1 pomt to the late seventeenth century, but dropped precipitously by 1715 ? From tliat . 1740, production was fairly stable. There was a spurt around 1750, with tobacco production after the French and Indian War at volatile, but generally low levels. The total real value of Chesapeake tobacco exports-the amount Maryland 13 and Virginia earned as a whole from their tobacco exports are given in Figure . The pattern here roughly followed that of total production (Figure 10) . But, when The British and international context of the tobacco trade has been 8 extensively and carefully investigated in the works of Jacob M. Price . See especially, Jacob M. Price, France and the Ches_apea~e: A History of the French Tobacco Monopoly, ]674-1792, and of Its Rel_atw~s/up to t_he _British and American 73 Tobacco Trades. 2 vols. (Ann Arbor, MI: U111vers1ty of M1ch1gan Press, 19 )_ 9Ideally, we would like to know the output per free person , which would give us some idea of disposable income. The tobacco produced by African- American slaves was, of course, expropriated to the use of their owners. Thus, in a purely economic sense, that income accrued to the owner, as the slave legally could neither own nor dispose of the wealth he_o r she ha? creat~d. Indentured servants should also be excluded from the denommator dur_mg their term of service, as their production was also expropriated to the use of their owner .. However, it is virtually impossible to get any idea of the indentur_e,d _servant population over time because of ? . . d f sei?vi?ce Both the l1fet1me set vice and I ace of the slaves mak th e. ir 11m1tef ht ermst? o populat?i on easier to trace. See Robert E. Gallman "Can W e th 1s? idp aNrt o. t e uA n ree nts for the Colonial Peri .o d of Ameri.c a Hi.s tory? " W' illian? ande u1 at1ona ccou 6 (1999): 27 for a bn.e f d1. scuss1.0 n of thi.s problem ? B 1 M ary Quarterly , 3d ser., 5 . 450 --- - ----- -- Pounds per white Pounds per cap ita 400 350 - 300 en u t:: ::l 0 0... 250 200 150 -- 100 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1720 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 Year uction, per white person and per capita , 1670 -1775. (Three Figure 12. Chesapeake Tobacco Prod Year Moving Average) Source: Appendix 3 , Table 39. Vl 0 ?1 ,400 ,000 - -~ - ?1 ,200 ,000 - ?1 ,000 ,000 - on C '- ?800 ,000 .C...). V) er, "'O C ::l ?600 ,000 - 0 0.... ?400 ,000 - ?200 ,000 ?0 - ----- 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 13 . Real Value of Chesapeake Tobacco Exports , 1670-1775 . (Three Year Moving Average) Source: Appendix 3, Table 39. .V.....l. 52 the rea l earn ings from tobacco are calcu lated on a per white and per capi?ta b ? as1s, the pattern is dramatica lly different (Figure 14). Before 1715, these earnings declined dramatica lly, fa lling to about one-third of whal they had been in the mid-1680s . From the end of Queen Anne 's War to the mid-1740s , the overa ll trend was slightly upward. After 1745, earnings entered a pattern of extreme variabi lity, but also one of overall growth. The average earnings level for the post-1745 period was very high-about 50 percent higher than the previous thirty years. General economic growth in the period after the 1740s boosted tobacco prices fo r Chesapeake planters. ' while the Chesapeake grew less tobacco per whi te than it had ever before, it earned about as much per whi te from tobacco production as it had a century earlier. Jn summary, while overall Chesapeake tobacco production rose over the course of the eighteenth century, the population grew faster than tobacco production, 10 so tobacco production per white person dropped. This meant that the revenue from tobacco was an important , bu t declining, component of the Chesapeake economy. The distribution of the tobacco trade among Bri tish ports over the eighteenth century changed markedly, as the Scottish ports ri va led and eventually surpassed London in terms of the tobacco trade, and changes in tobacco trade patterns all but eliminated the English outports as major to bacco traders. Finally' the real va lue of the tobacco production per Chesapeake white declined from the late seventeenth century to the mid-1740s, but grew fitfully after that point. 10 As Chapter 4 w1-1 1 1?11ustrate '. the di versif.i cat.i on of Chesapeake agriculture I1 a d an i.m portant ro 1e . the decl ine 111 tobacco g1o wmg. 111 ?4 - ?- - --- - - - --~ Earnings per white Earnings per capita ?4 ?3 ~ ?: ?3 - - - - -. ---~.,.- 0 -- 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 18. Real Freight Rates for Tobacco Shipped from Maryland to England, 1675-1775, with Regression Lines based on 1714-1738 , 1749-1755, and 1764-1775. Source: Appendix 3, Table 41. 0.....\. 5 - 4 - 0 Freigu h t Rates u ro .0 r0 C/} -g R3 e g- ression Lines ::l 0 0... ..... (I) 0... 00 C ?:- 2 fil C/') (I) u C (I) 0... 1 0 --- 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1 Y 76e 0a r 1770 1780 Figure 19. Real Freight Rates for T b oa bse ad c co on S 1 h7 ip1 p4 e-1 d 7 f3 r8 om, 1 V74 ir9 g- i1 n7 i5 a5 to, a En nd g1 la7 n6 d4 ,- 1 17 67 75 5. - 1S 7o 7u 5,r c we iA thp Rpe en gd reix ss 3 io, n T La ib nl ee s 42. ?N' 63 taken about 14 .5 add itional years to reach this level at the average pre-war rate of decrease. 17 In other words, the actual peacetime freight rate after the end of King George's War wa not only lower than the peacetime freight rate before the beginning of the war, it was al so considerably lower than it probably wou ld have been if no war had occurred. And the gap between trend lines at the mid-point of the French and Indian War was even greater .18 For Virginia, the difference al the mid-point of King George's W ar was not as pronounced as that for Maryland. But at the average rate of decrease before the war, it st ill would have taken about 3 . 5 add itional years to close the gap. 19 During the French and Indian War , the drop would have taken about 16 .5 additional years at the average pre-war rate of 17The predicted va lue for 1745 , based on the regression line for the per iod from 171 3 to 1739 , was I .017177 . The predicted value for 1745 , based on the regression line for the period from 1749 to 1755 , was 0.857500. The estimated number of additional years was calculated by dividing the difference between the predicted regression values at 1745 by the slope of the regression line for 1713 to 1739 . 18The predicted value for 1760 , based on the regression line for the period from 1749 to 1755 , was 0.927143. The predicted value for 1760 , based on the regression line from 1764 to 1775 , was 0.691212. The number of additional years needed to reach the lower point was impossible to compute as the slope from the 1749 to 1755 regression line is positive. 19The predicted value for 1745 , based on the regress ion line for the period from 171 3 to 1739 , was 1. 143681. The predicted value for 1745 , based on the regress ion line from the period from 1749 to 1755 , was 1.075094. Thee timated number of additional years was calculated by dividing the difference between the predicted regress ion values at 1745 by the slope of the regress ion line for 1713 to 1739. 64 dec line. 20 Therefore, for both Virginia and Maryland , King George 's and the French and Indian Wars hastened the decrease in tobacco fre ight rates ; these rates were lower in the post-war periods than would have been expected at the pre-war rates of decrease . In a recent essay , Ru ssell R. Menard concluded that the observed decline in fre ight rates came largely from improvements in packing, especially in the seventeenth century. 21 Following Menard 's argument , it is poss ible that much of the observed "step" decreases in freight rates due to Ki ng George's and the French and Indian Wars could have come from greater prizing (or tighter packing) of tobacco to try to reduce wartime freight costs.2 2 Prizing practices implemented to meet the ex igencies of war presumably continued as a habit after the war had ended. Denser packing should have led to heavier hogsheads, but the data on the average weights of hogsheads do not uniformly support this pos ition. After 1740, the average weight of a Maryland hogshead va ried, but the secular increase over the fo llowing thirty-fi ve years was small. While average Maryland hogshead weights increased during King 20The predicted va lue fo r 1760, based on the regress ion line fo r the period fro m 1749 to 1755, was 0 .950566 . The predicted va lue fo r 1760, based on the regress ion line from 1764 to 1775 , was 0 .8 13275. The estimated number of additional yea rs was calculated by dividing the difference between the predicted regress ion values at 1760 by the slope of the regress ion line for 1749 to 1755 . 21Russell R. Menard , "Transport costs," 254-255 . 22 "Prizing" of tobacco consisted of using a large lever press to compress the tobacco in the hogshead. A layer of tobacco was placed in the container, and the fo rce of the press eliminated any air spaces; this process was repeated until the hogshead was full. 65 eriod from 1749 to 175 , the ed to increase during the p 3 u George's War and c ontin d the French and fndia n War and increase reased during average hogshead w eight dec as seen in Figure 20 .2 3 afterwards, ed , as shown in Figu re 2 1. As in rd for Virginia was more vari The reco o ased during King Ge orge's War and als incre Maryland , average hogshead weights ar. Unlike Marylan d, ief period of peace w hich fo llowed the w increased in the br tinued to rise during the con e average weight of Virginia hogsheads however , th gshead weights wer e post-war average hoowever, pre-and French and Indian W ar. H ed to decline until th e Revolution verage size continu ' almost identical and the a little res idual effect. s ting that wartime p rizing practices had sugge zes from 1700 to th e a and Maryland , cha nges in hogshead si For both Virgini ter that than the slow and u ncertain changes af more dramatic mid-1740s were mu ch ht rates before the m id- fect of lowering frei g time. Packing certa inly had the ef le. Menard 's conte ntion that that time is questiona b l 740s; its contributi on after s ower freight rates af ter the mid-1740s i was the primary rea son fo r l packing iod must have come rates in this per . The changes that l ed to lower freight doubtful uch as improved ship ping effici ency. tl y from other sourc es, s mos ges ted that transport costs fe ll over Like Menard , Sheph erd and Walton sug s has been kindly pr ovided ge hogsh~ad size 23The unpublished d ata 011 avera management ppear in her fo rthcom rng monograph on t will a by Lorena Walsh. I peake. practices in the colo nial Chesa 1200 1100 1000 - 900 800 - 700 - VJ u c:: ::s 600 0 0.... 500 400 300 200 - 100 _J 0 1749-1753 176 4-1769 43 -1729 1739-17 3 1770-1774 1680-1689 170 2-1713 1721 1754-1768 1744-1748 0-1699 1714-1 720 1730-173 169 Period -1775. Source: Appe ndix 3, Table 43 . 0 ght of Maryland Toba cco Hogsheads, 168 Figure 20. Average Wei 0\ 0\ - - 1200 - -- - 1100 1000 -- 900 - t' I 800 - 1,,, ,, 700 - ,' Cl'.) I '"O C :::i 600 0 0... 500 400 - 300 200 100 63 1770-1774 0 - -1738 1744-1 748 1754-17 0 1764-1769 697-1701 17 14-1720 173 753 1 9 1739-1743 1749-1 1680-1688 96 1702-1713 1721-172 1689-16 Period ppendix 3, Table 43 . o Hogsheads, 1680 -1775. Source: A c . Average Weight of Viriginia Tobac Figure 21 0, --..J 68 an crediting improved p acking, e of the eighteenth cent ury. Rather th lhe cours the mponents of increased efficiency in however , they identifie d five imporlant co le transport costs: increas ing utilization of shutt uced shipping industry that red easing times spent in co lonial ports, , increas ing average shi p tonnage, decr routes 24 ese asing voyage times. T h reasing ship manning r equirements, and decre dec eclines in freight rates, and thus or long-term d reductions , they posited , accounted f . led to economic growth reduced costs by remo ving uttle routes theoretica lly The increased use of sh ts. 25 Figure age, thus shortening it a nd reducing crew cos 22 uncertainty from the vo y employed shuttle route s from 1725 to graphs the percentage o f tobacco ships that were more likely to foll ow shuttle routes Before the 1730s, tobac co ships 1775. d of shuttle route utiliza ti on apparently remaine than afterwards . And , the level cline in huttle 45 to the American Rev olution . The overall de fa irly stable from 17 ication as the eighteenth century ation was probably due to better commun route utiliz keep ollow a shuttle pattern t o ressed. No longer did ships have to strictly f prog for ship capacity more arket demands costs down; they could respond to m 24Shepherd and Walton , S hipping, ch. 5. in a port in Great shuttle route " is defined as a voyage beginning 25 A " pie~ u~ a car~o: a_nd tr ansporting ly to a colonial port to st to a Britain , proceeding dire ct 111. This 1s 111 contra to the same po_rt _111 Gre at Bnta ong them. that cargo directly back orts to transp~rt_~ argo(es ) am iple non-Bnta_111 p ute voyage which stops at m ult ro broader def11~1t1on of sh uttle or the purposes of this di ssertation , a sl1ght!y F ~d 111 the sa~,e region , t he1: it was was employed : If a voy age began and_ end might leave Liverpool for Virginia, and considered a shuttle rou te . Thus a ship considered a shuttle vo yage. as return to London. This w 100% - 90 % - c: 80 % - -~ ~ ~ -~ 70 % - ~ ;:::i ~ 60 % - ::l 0 ~ ~ ~ SO % t::l ::l ..c: C/) 40 % -. CCI 120 0 110 / 100 90 80 70 - 60 so 40 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 34. Average Voyage Times from Liverpool to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships. Source: Appendix 3, Table 50. 00 --.J 180 --- 170 - Voyage Time Data 160 - 150 - Overall Regression 140 -- 130 - Partial Regressions tJ) ~ 120 - a 110 - 100 - 90 - 80 - 70 - 60 ---~ 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 35. Average Voyage Times from Bristol to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships. Source: Appendix 3, Table 51 . 00 00 250 ~ - -- - - 240 230 220 - Voyage Time Data 210 - 200 - 190 - Overall Regression 180 - 170 - VJ 160 ~ Partial Regressions ~ 150 - 0 140 - 130 - --- - 120 - ?- ,_-:.;: - :' -- 110 - - 100 - 90 - 80 - 70 -- 60 - 50 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 36. Average Voyage Times from Whitehaven to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships . Source: Appendix 3, Table 52 . 00 \0 l~ 180 170 160 Voyage Time Data 150 140 Overall Regression 130 [/) Partial Regressions ~ 120 Q 110 100 90 80 70 60 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 37. Average Voyage Times from England (Excluding London) to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships . Source: Appendix 3, Table 53. \0 0 \ \Ml~ -.-. ?u.n'llll \.t\ \-..~a\\ tiL'i.'ii\..:.:a 160 150 - 140 Overall Regression 130 Partial Regressions 120 Cl) 2110 -, Voyage Time Data Q ? 100 90 80 70 - 60 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 178( Year Figure 38. Average Voyage Times from the Clyde to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships. Source: Appendix 3, Table 54. \...0... 1, w..n -;..1..un1.n ..i1.\. -.. i~~ .. , .. 1.at.;..-..;". '--'-'--_'--_? \-.-k-fi\&-U~--.. '",,'-"i. it.. "''--. ... , - ---- --... .-,.. _-'_--_ .--. .- 1.i... ,N..&'i. .. - ?--------?-- 140 130 Voyage Time Data 120 Overall Regression 110 Partial Regressions VJ >, ~ Cl 100 - 90 80 - 70 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 39 . Average Voyage Times from Scotland to the Chesapeake for Tobacco Ships. Source: Appendix 3 , Table 55 . \D N '\ 1.U,_ft ':.'-'--1"ft\..._l. \l.t. I. 1.-...0:.t.l.l. i.a.iil~-? 93 the inter-war ally took longer tha n they had during thi s confli ct, voyag es gener p idly. period , but improv ed ra oyage times than th ose enjoyed shorter v Ships sa iling from London usually n assumed that port s in northern . Historians have o fte from the wes tern B ritish ports oyage ti mes Whitehaven, benefi t ted from shorter v ow and Brita in , particul arly Glasg 33 ot the cas vantage over other p orts. This was n e. and thus ga ined a c ompetiti ve ad ch the Chesapeake, nety days to rea ips frequently avera ged fewer than ni London sh ges fo r a brief peri od in eved such short voy a ile their Clyde-base d ri vals only achi Wh r 1770. the late 1730s and afte ially ameliorated ter voyage times of London ships part Undoubtedly, the fa s apeake. Thus, Lon don Ches ly longer stays they experienced in the the general ge's War, average eor time. During King G ipping remained co mpetiti ve in peace sh , probably as a resu lt of ships r London vessels cl imbed considerably voyage times fo ute th rough the Iris h Sea. ro more northerly-an d more protected- taking the r costs assoc iated rently were acutely awa re of the highe London-based mas ters appa orter, on as poss ible, they reverted to the sh es . As so with these longer v oyag ar with rt period between th e end of the sea w sho peacetime routes . In fact , in the 1744, London ships once h France in beginning of war w it Span in 1742 and t he erage voyage times to drop back to o llowed a shorter r oute, allowing av aga in f Rise of Glasgow in the Chesapeake , "The JJSee, fo r example, Jacob M . Price ly,_ 3d ser. , 11 (1 954) : 187 1707-1775," William and Mary Q~arte: Tobacco Trade, y in Atlantic Sh1p~11 1g: A Quanti tati ve topher J . Frencl1 , " Producti v_it and Chris iplinary H1s101y 17 (1 986-87). 613-638. c Study , " Journal of In terdis 94 around eighty days . o trade did grow ov er the century ry , the Chesapeake ' s tobacc In summa te general ly decline d oduction per whi e American Revolu tion. However, pr before th er the 1740s that br ought prices aft period, and it was only higher tobacco ... over this .. :.?i.?j !. ite. ., ,,,,- increased earnings per wh '" ;: -the : :J: rket price of tobacc o :: ,,' ! ponent of the Europ ean ma , ~'' For one important c om . .. nce in th is chapter , ?? I land- the ev ide porting it from Nort h America to Eng cost of trans the tobacco trade rces of efficiency ga ins in upports three conclu sions about the sou s before 1740 came cline in freight ra tes easured by freight r ates . First, the de as m sugges ted by Mena d cco , as r . tter prizing (or tight er packing) of toba largely from be as that of the ntury freight ra tes w as not as dramatic nth ce While the drop in e ightee s the reduction in fr eight tter prizing nonethel ess best explain seventeenth-century , be as ter than after the rate of decline in fre ight ra tes was f ra tes . For this peri od , when lly fa lls short . The re were no s is genera the 1740s, Shepherd and Walton 's the matter of fact, both tended tons-to-man ra tios; as a reases in shuttle util ization or inc sizes ncy. Overa ll and Lo ndon average ship to decrease, indicat ing less effi cie verall port-days yage times improved slowly , if at all. O remained stable. O verall vo lly unchanged, but virtua e. For London, this measure remained per ton did improv days. Shipping effi ciency line in ton-port cottish ships experi enced a marked dec S the fall in freight ra tes. fac tors did not acco unt for 95 Second, after the 1740s, although hogshead weights remained relatively stable , the shipping sector exper ienced rapid changes, undoubtedly contributing to a reduction in freight rates . Average tonnage rose and voyage times fell, albeit erratically. Port days per ton continued to decline , dramatically in the case of Clyde vesse ls. Tons-to-man ratios increased overa ll , and especially for London ships. And , the entire merchant fleet was disarmed, reducing initial capital expense, increasing carrying capacity, and contributing to the reduction in the tons-to-man ratio. However, these gai ns produced onl y very slow decreases in freight rates, and changes prompted by King George 's and the French and Indian Wars appear to be the main motivations for this reduction . Finally, there was no single tobacco trade. Ships trading from the two major British tobacco ports- London on the Thames and Glasgow and Greenock on the Clyde-exhibited different effic iency characteristics. Indeed, carefu l study of the trade in tobacco of the western ports of Bristol, Liverpool, and Whitehaven might even define a third pattern . The organization of Scottish stores in the Chesapeake gave an efficiency advantage to the Clyde ports, while shorter trans-Atlantic voyage times gave London ships the luxury of longer stays in the Chesapeake, as required by the cons ignment system London tobacco merchants used. However, shipping effic iency factors in each trade increased after the 1740s, and these changes were largely responsible for the lower freight rate of that period. 96 CHAPTER 4 EXTERNAL TRADE OTHER THAN TOBACCO: THE WEST INDIES, NORTH AMERICA , AND TH E REST OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD In 1770, the roya l governor of the colony of Virgi nia, Norborne Berkley , Baron of Botetourt , died. The Pres ident of Virginia's Counc il , a native of the colony, served as acting governor until London could appoint a new roya l governor. In and of itse lf, thi s was not a noteworthy occurrence . Colonists had temporarily governed Virginia and other colonies in the past. However , two detail s made this transition unusual. First, it was the last time that such a peaceful transition of governmental power occured; the next time a native Virginian pres ided over Virginia, it was an independent state fi ghting a revolutionary war . The other , and in some ways , more interest ing fact , was that this acting governor was not born into Virginia's planter eli te . Instead of being a great planter, William Nelson, the Pres ident of Virginia's Council , was a Yorktown merchant. 1 William's father , Thomas , immigrated in 1705 to Virginia, where he established a mercantile business in Yorktown. William married into a prominent planter family, the Burwell s, but remained involved in mercantile activities 1John C. Van Horne, ed ., The Correspondence of William Nelson as Acting Governor of Virginia, 1770-1771 (Charlottesv ille, VA : Uni versity Press of Virginia, 1975), xix-xx. 97 , he was the sec ond longest to the Council in 1745 . Appointed througho ut his life en Botetourt die d. wh serv ing membe r s d to dominate Vi rgin ia poli tic ter families con tinue ' While the great plan omponent of th e elson represente d a growing c il , N ncluding the pr ovincial Counc i th of this merch ant s mercantile cla ss. The grow nou omy-an indige . ?~ Chesapeake eco n d Scottish tobac co houses ,; .l ? arge London an . he trade in toba cco; l ' ?? ? I group came no t from t ead ? I fo r upstart colo nists. Inst ' providing little opportuni ty :... ".. controlled that trade, . , ir niche in the e xpanding the .... fo und ve-born mercha nts 1 ;; and his fellow n ati Nelson l merchants to , d loca , - J~I his trade requir e ; ., corn , and other provisions. T ~ ,_ ades in wheat, ' 1: tr e, , ,. s t Indies, in So uthern Europ the various isla nds of the We assess markets in hese entreprene urs and even in En gland itself. T h America, elsewhere in N ort s, and marketed the return to their dispatch in ship goes of goods, saw gathered car oney in usiness sense to m ake m ital and used th eir b argoes. They r isked their cap c hesapeake econ omy. Not art of the eighte enth-century C ic p the mos t dynam the g reat ered not along t he wharves of were clust surpris ing ly, th ese merchants orfo lk d towns of the C hesapeake: N g cities an ' s but in the grow in tobacco plantat ion town, urg, Bermuda H undred , York ews, Petersb Hampton, New port N ore, and Oxford . Annapolis, Balt im Fredericksburg , Alexandria, bacco exports, onstra ted the do minance of to r dem While the prev ious chapte ets became modities fo r no n-Britain mark ction of g rains and other com the produ 98 increasing ly important over the course of the eighteenth century. However, the overa ll value of Chesapeake exports largely rose and fell in conjunction with ex ports to Britain, as shown in Figure 40. The value of exports generally declined from 1725 to 1730, then was generally stagnant until about 1740. From 1740 to 1771, there was secular growth , despite some major downturns in the mid- 1750s and mid- 1760s . By the time of the American Revolution , exports reached an all -time high . In spite of the importance o f tobacco in Maryland's and Virginia's exports, production of gra ins and o ther commoditi es for non-British markets became an increasingly important-and the most dynamic-component in the Chesapeake .' economy after mid-century. Indeed , one recent analys is estimated tobacco 's ? contribution to Virginia 's export earnings in 1773 as only about 60 percent, compared to over 95 percent in 1725. 2 Unlike the tobacco trade, the grain trade created linkages which 2McCusker and Menard , 132. Peter V . Bergstrom , " Markets and Merchants: Economic Diversification in Colonial Virginia , 1700-1775 " (Ph .D . di ss., University of New Hampshire, 1980), 150 was cited as the source of thi s information . The notes to Bergstom' s table gave the sources of information as CO 5/1444 , CO 5/1445, CO 5/13 52 , CO 5/1450, and T 1/482-512 . However , complete NOSLs did not ex ist for any Virginia port for that year in the sources Bergstrom cited (See Appendix 1). Presumably Berg trom 's figures were derived from ome method of estimat ion-a method he failed to spec ify. Thus , hi s figures (and conclus ions based on them) should be used with caution. McCusker and Menard elevated the prominence of Bergstrom 's estimates by presenting them in a tab le. 3 ,000 ,000 Ireland 2 ,500,000 - ?~-~? Il=l. =! ,s?= Southern :E :::u rope gF - (/J .Ei ~ 6 2,000,000 ~ ~ ~ ~~ a.. -1 ~ - >< LL) West Indies .?1 1 2 ~ 4- I .5 ~ 0 , p~~ i s (l) ~ ~ ~l ~ 1,500,000 ? A ~ ? ? > North Am en.c a .,... I? ? ~ -0 2:l Cs:l Great Britain ,i-:.'.'A1\ ,'.,..,.,S ?/ ~~~~ - II E -~?~"' ~ ; .ff. / ~ 1,000 ,000 ; , ~ " ', .); / ~~'"~~'~ ?~I '~\~\~ =~?~ - ~ 'I ~ A~ ~/ # 'I: t '\ t ti soo,ooo - I '4~1f1a1',~.~/A'0;,Jl ?v \, ~ tI \./ ?_ ~~~:,~. , 'I0 ; 'Ii' 0 ___.__j_ ___ 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 Year Figure 40 . Estimated Value of Chesapeake Exports to Major Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1860= 100) . Source: Appendix 4 , Table 57. \C> \C> 100 added bo th to economic growth and tow n development. 3 T hi s chapter w ill first examine the overall patterns of exports to regions other than G reat Brita in , and then the effect these changes had on the various subregions of the e ig hteenth century Chesapeake. Then, it w ill look at import trade with various non-Brita in reg ions and how thi s affected various Chesapeake subregions. E ntrepreneurial merchants in the Chesapeake co lonies played a key role in the growing trade in grains and other commodities . However , the opportunities which the merchants seized largely resulted from factors beyond their control , inc luding dec is ions made elsewhere, populati on growth in northern colonies, and the expansion of the suga r industry in the West Indies . External fo rces also accounted fo r some o f the setbacks which the merchants suffe red . The value of Chesapeake exports to reg ions other than Britain generally increased over the fi fty years before the American Revolution , as did the ir importance in the economies of Virginia and Maryland . F igures 41 and 42 provide the deta il s of the patterns fo r non-Britain trade. From 1725 to the mid- l 730s there was a rapid increase in the percentage of exports to regions other than Brita in , 3See Jacob M . Price, "Economic Function and the Growth of American Port Towns in the Eighteenth Century," Perspectives in American History 8 (1 974) :12 1- 186 for an ana lysis of why towns did or did not grow. Also, see Carville Earl e and Ronald Hoffman , "Staple C rops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South ," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976) : 5-78 for a complete discuss ion of the effects o f economic linkages in grain production. Chapter 5 , below , w ill address more full y one aspect of these linkages-that of Chesapeake shipbui lding and ownership . 40 % 35 % _ 30 % ..r.o.. r0 1...3.., 25 % ro ..?... r./) w 20 % 4- 0 4 g --- cg 00,000 _- -; ? ;--- - =~ II i North America "" I \ "'E-OE~- 00 ' 000 - II -3 We-st lndies -L~=::= == \: ~ -- ~- ?= 200,000 - cea ? 2._ ~~c. /~'W???????? 1725 - _,,,...,,, ~ _. . 1730 1735 1740 _ Figure 42 E - 1745 1750 (I 860 = -I cio/-~lfofiuartceed: VAaplpueen odfi xC /h~ fi~k~e 7Ex. porytse ator Major N onI- 7B5 n 5-t 1-sh Re1g7io 6n0 s m. Co1n7s6t5a nt? Ste1r7l1in0g >-' 0 N _,.. ____ ......... - ~- - 103 4 neral drop in tobacco market of t he I 720s. The ge g ing undoubted ly due to the flag petition for Chesape ake grains from com 1730s was probabl y due to increased the hern European mar k t out e S . e West Indian, Nort h American, and S Carolina rice in th ct exportation of ric e to dire n the Navigation Ac ts that allowed the The change i rice changed export patte rns fo r Carolina isterre radica lly areas south of Cape Fin bacco trade of the n.5 The reviving to productio and prompted signi ficant increases in ports to further depressed th e level of ex 0s , with the in fusio n of Scots fac tors, l 74 and in the 1750s li ft ed this percentage. . than Britain . Only a surge in dem 1, areas other ons of the northern two fac tors. First, t he urban populati This increase was d ue to tly, British to be fed. Second , and more importan needed colonies were grow ing and es to supply t amounts of food an d other commoditi provisioning office rs bought vas g the French and In dian tationed in North Am erica durin ors s the soldiers and sa i l an exports returned to a h and Indian War, w hen North Americ War. After the Fre nc rope ffs in the West Indie s and Southern Eu r foodstu more normal level, demand fo oduce . By 1770, ex ports to areas ore Chesapeake pr grew to consume m ore and m ould als_o ~e _the res ult of n es timated export v a lues befo_re 1750 c 4 ianges i e data fo r \ irgrn1a ports are C, ques. Whll_e th d by es timation tech ni on-existent. Maryla nd anomalies cause those for Maryland _ai:e virtually _n me, not have accuratel y very good for this t i rns in the Virgm,a d ata, w~1ch may lete estimates were base d on patte See Appendix 4 fo r a comp g in Maryland . reflected what was happenin methods used. discuss ion of the es timation th Carolina's Rice I ndustry and the rdy, "Colonial Sou 5," in Jack ssee Stephen G. Ha nd Growth , 1715-17 7 onomy: Patterns of Trade, Shippin~, a ds., Money, Trade, and Atlantic Ec osemary Brnna-Shut e, e R d J Sparks and R ene ? ' Pl t ? S ? n oczety (Columbi a, P. Gre anta w, an Y ? ' ial South Carolma _s Power: The Evolut ion of Colon ? S th Carolina Press fo rthcommg). SC? u f ' U ? Ill ?V er s1ty O O 104 otal value of d fo r about thirty percent of the t lher than Great B ri ta in accounte O esapeake exports . Ch r the West ke exports were q uite different fo hesapea Trends in the va lue of C 43 shows the d if ferent levels Figure America, and So uthern Europe. Indies, North lue of exports to t he constant pounds S terling. The va of exports to each reg ion in from Carolina ri ce. The the 1730s due to c ompeti tion ed during Wes t Indies decl in e grew rapidly fr om 1745 to n trad porary, as the W est India setback proved t em 1765. This undou btedly refl ected ,, after even more quickl y f' 63, and then gre w , 17 Indian economy. 6 The i rovisions in the f l ourishing West ve p I' growing demand for sla after 1763, refl ec ting " as a decline ' was similar , bu t there w pattern fo r North America tary provis ions. the lessened dem and fo r mili reased only s low ly to to Southern Europ e, however, inc The va lue of trad e ng. From the mi d- 1740s to st nothi cipitously to almo I 740 , when it de clined pre mained at these l ow g. It re y to aga in decline to almost nothin 1754, it g rew, on l nd Indian Wars h ad a George's and the French s to 1763. Obvio usly, both King level was de, since this tran s-Atlantic trade ropean tra trous e ffects on t he Southern Eu disas os t ng periods of imp erial wa r, it alm Duri ely vulnerable to French attack. extrem ceased to ex ist. rope g rew in 1763 , exports to Southern Eu With the coming of peace Economy of the , or Decl ine? TJ1 e . McCusker , "Gr owth, Stagnation ., _The Economy o f 6Jolm J " in Ronald Hoff man, et al. , eds VA: British Wes t Ind ies, 1763-1790, (CharlottesvIIJe, riod, 1763-1790 ly America: The R evolutionary Pe Ear 2 . Virg inia, 1988) , 275-30 Uni vers ity Press of 250 ,000 - I West Indies :1\ 200 ,000 I. .V..J, '6 North America 0.. ' X \.D 150 000 - '.\\' 4-, ' 0 ' (l) ::3 Southern Europe ~ > r---._ -0 ~ 100,000 ~ E ?.;:: I VJ I \.D \. 50,000 - ' \ ,--- . ~ v -, . 0 -- -~ - ---- --- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 43 . Estimated Value of Exports to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1860 = 100) Source: Appendix 4, Table 57. ...... 0 UI 106 ope apeake exports to Southern Eur lue of Ches cularly; in fac t, in 1770, the va specta ca. Lean crops ? s tl Ameri 10 ou 1ern either the West Indies or North exceeded those t o rastic decline in the supply of and , compounded by a d reased dem Europe sparked inc d. Until 1765, B ritain was rea's traditional s ources-Englan gra ins fro m one of the a 1765, however, igure 44 shows. After rain , as F normally a net e xporter of g rter of grain mor e impo d dramaticaJly, m aking it a net Bri ta in 's grain t rade change d the beginnings of Britain 's growin g population an oth often than not. B nsula had been amatic change. T he Iberian peni dr ustrializa tion acc ounted for this ind ould no longer f ill the in c ritish grain expo rts; when Bri ta a common des tin ation for B k. 7 onies took up the slac need, her Ameri can col the gra in trade. articipated in diff e ring degrees in Chesapeake sub- regions p rn European dem and orktown, Southe ort towns such a s Norfo lk and Y For older p o y based on the p rovision trade t act; their trades w ere largel imp had relati vely lit tle th century. For over the course of the eighteen ew slowly the West Indies which gr pper District and as James Ri ver, U y tobacco-produ cing areas such heav t than tobacco, a lthough grain tan , grains remained far less impor Rappahannock nnapolis and Bal timore, r A d significantly in the 1760s. Fo production incre ase the 1760s was a truly creased demand for grain in however, the gre atly in transforming eve nt. the West Indies, Southern ph the va lue of e xports to gra Figures 45 to 52 ?'. exports to Ireland in increased value il e the rise was n ot as large, the sed Bnt1sh suppl y . 1Wh - decrea to the same reas on Figure 42 was d ue largely . ------- 1,000,000 800,000 U) t.. 600,000 -:. C<:S ::i Cl C: ....._ 400 ,000 -,. ~ 200 00 : -Llllll 1111. 11111,. 11 II lllh 'r 111111 I , ,I \ - .. II u>.. "O ~ C<:l E ?.:: 40 ,000 (/) w 20 ,000 0 ----- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 45. Estimated Value of Exports from the Lower District of James River to Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling (1860 = 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 64 . 0 00 100,000 - West Indies 80,000 ~ - North America ~ 0.. x UJ 60,000 - <...... 0 "O .<...!..). ro 40,000 - -E U"J' 20,000 0 -- -- - ---" 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 46. Estimated Value of Exports from the Upper District of James River to Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling (1860 =100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 66. 0 \0 '-\.i"t.1? iti:\..i.-.,.. ~Ii ""1.1. ~ t.. t. \-ta.. ,_d!.:."it\i.....,.,. 25,000 - - ----- --- - West Indies 20,000 - .V..J. 0 North America 0.. X ~ 15 4 0-, 0 0 , - 0 (l.) Southern Europe ::l ro > "'O ~ro 10 , 000 - E .;:; VJ ~ 5,000 - .,-;--- ... ' ? ~ ~ "-. 0 - - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 4 7 . Estimated Value of Exports from York District to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1860= 100) . Source: Appendix 4, Table 68 . ............ 0 '-.l."l'lll 1--.1-\.l-l.?\-l :.-..-'- "-"""-\."\1.-. t. ,-11.."fl d. ~\.'\ ----.--- - ,._._, _ __ _ ............. ___ _.. ,.... ,_, ........ c: ..._ ....... ,,. . ' 16,000 14,000 West Indies 12,000 - VJ t:: 0 0.. North America p.3 10,000 4- 0 ~ ::i 8,000 SoutheC r,: nl Europe > -0 ~ e<:l E 6,000 .,_, VJ u.J 4 ,000 2 ,000 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 48. Estimated Value of Exports from Rappahannock District to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1 860= 100) . Source: Appendix 4, Table 70 . -- '\\.l..~,._ \. ':'\...t't1.l'\..'li. '""\.l.~ & '-'1 ' 11o.,,._d':.\.\T\i..I:. ?? 12,000 10,000 West Indies t North America 0 0. 8,000 x U-l 4- 0 -0 ~ ~ E ~ 4,000 VJ U-l 2,000 - 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 49. Estimated Value of Exports from South Potomac District to Selected Areas in Constant ? Sterling (1860 =100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 72. ............ N .. ,11:.~ \;-'\.;,:.4.:.':...1i. "\\;. &.!.l 'a.!'t.C!!.it"-.r..? 200 ,000 ------- West Indies 150 ,000 North America ~ 0 0... X. \.l.1 4- 0 Southern Europe Q.) .-=: 100 >ro 000 - ' "O .Q....). ro .E.... (/) \.l.1 50,000 --i ------?~---- - "- _~..--"'~~ ? 0 - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 50. Estimated Value of Exports from Annapolis District to Selected Areas in Constant? Sterling (1860 = 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 78 . ....... ....... \.J..) :...-.1-:. ~ .. .-.. -. ... -aa ;J.'li. ~\;. & :. I ' 1. ~C. !. 1.1.l'l',I,.;. . .. 30,000 -- - ----- - ------ ---- - - - West Indies 25,000 ~ North America 8._20 ,000 X U4 4--- 0 Southern Europe (l) c~,; 15,000 _, > "'O .(..l..). ~ E -~ 10 ,000 - U4 5,000 - ,/"- - ------- '-~ 0 --- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 51. Estimated Value of Exports from Oxford District to Selected Areas in Constant ? Sterling (1860= 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 80. ._.. ._.. +:>,. ....... ._-. t.--.a ? .,.;::.'ii. a::. . s..; ; a. ::-;c:. : -..; 1~s: .. 30,000 25,000 - West Indies VJ ~ North America g_ 20,000 ,< i:.r.J 4- 0 Q.) Southern Europe ::I ~ 15,000 > -0 ..Q....). ~ E "?; 10,000 i:.r.J 5,000 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 52. Estimated Value of Exports from Accomack District to Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1860= 100). Source: Appendix 4 , Table 84. ...... Ul 116 Europe, and North America from the various Chesapeake naval officer districts. 8 James River , Lower District traded most heav ily with the West Indies for almost its entire histo ry . 9 Norfolk and Hampton merchants apparently dominated this trade , which made Norfolk one of the largest colonial cities by 1775 . Interestingly , the surge in wheat exports to Southern Europe in the late colonial period had little effect on Norfo lk , which continued its heavy commitment to the West Indies. In contrast , ........ '. , . ... ... James River , Upper District exported very little grain over most of the period, as .... ,.. ... ' ? ? l ": ~ figure 46 demonstrates. Nonetheless , this district experienced a trade increase in the ?:? :? ' l t 'I 1760s from North American and Southern European demand fo r foodstuffs. During -. i , -.;.u ',,'. the same period , the grain trade of the York District also increased, a shown in .? ..1 ,I ~ i' Figure 8. However, levels for York were generally moderate, rarely exceeding ?10,000 per year (in 1860 pounds) . Both Rappahannock and South Potomac Districts saw large surges in the relati ve levels of grain exports in the 1760 in response to Southern European and North American demand . As Figures 48 and 49 indicate, grain exports more than quadrupled during the decade. St ill , the abso lute value of exports from each of these regions to each grain consuming area was moderate, between ? I0 ,000 and ?15,000 per year (in 1860 pounds). Accomack District , on Virginia 's Eastern 8These conclusions are tentati ve because non-enumerated commodi ties, such as corn , wheat , pork , and many other provisions could be transported within a colony without any special clearance or entrance in the Naval Officer ' records. 9See Figure 45. l l 7 rican ports, with li ttle going rtl1 Ame orted most of its pr oduce to other No Shore, exp 740s, the Wes t Ind ies recer?ved 1 a 1m ost til the late directly to Souther n Europe. Un For the small t, but then the trade began to expand. ' no exports from th is distric of gra in exported w as fa irly sed Accomack, the value pri two-county region that com rfo lk and Hampton , ck to the ports of N o And , given the pro ximi ty of Accoma high. he hands of uction undoubtedly fl owed through t 's prod much of Accomac k District e of trade to rther confirms the relati ve importanc 53 fu Norfo lk merchants . Figure ccomack and Jame s A . ea t Britain ; it was v ery important for .. Gr regions other than e Vi rginia districts . ?I th ict, and Jess impor tant fo r the res t of str ' Ri ver , Lower Di ts was always subs tantial expor , e of Annapolis 's gr a in ' . In Maryland , the v alu .' _ be seen in Figure 50 y 1760 (in 1860 po unds), as can reaching ?50,000 p er year b ca . d to the Wes t Indie s or North Ameri st all was exporte Of this amount, al mo f exports to Southe rn Europe was ue o the growth in the va l However, in the 1 760s, to Southern Europ e othing in 1763, the va lue of exports t n phenomenal. From almos ati c rise the Revolution. Al ong with the dram eached over ?150 , 000 by the eve of r th of the towns of A nnapolis and lly dramatic grow in grain exports ca me the equa new commerce. 10 In ch served as the hu bs of this Baltimore into thri ving cities whi n 1725 and I 7n, as xperienced very lit tle growth betwee contrast, Oxford D istrict e nunity, see Edwar d C. t co~r lis and its merchan erican 10For the changes i n Annapo of the Am The Annapolis Mer ~hants ~n th~ Era 7 )_ apenfuse, In Pursu it of Profit: Johns Hopk111s Urn vers1ty Press, 19 5 P Baltimore: The o evolution, 1763_18 05 ( harles G. Steffen, F rom Gentlemen l R ore region, see C (Lex ington, KY : For changes in the Baltim Coun(Y, Mmyland, 1660-1776 ltimore Townsmen: The G ent,y ofBa Kentucky Press, 1 993) . Uni versity of t 100 % --- - - --- - - - -- 90 % - James River , Lower District 80 % - \ 70% - James River, Upper District ~ 60 % - C York c 50 % ~ (l) c.) ~ 0:. 40 % - Rappahannock 30 % South Potomac 20 % - r- 10% - Accomack 0 %--~ ......... ,,,.....-- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 53. Percentage of Total Value of Exports in Constant? Sterling from Virginia Naval Officer Districts which were Exports to Areas other than Great Britain (1860 = 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 59. ........... 00 119 shown in Figure 51. The growth of Oxford's cross-Bay rival , Annapolis, as the center of political life and increasingly of commercial life, undoubtedly stunted Oxford's growth as farmers sent their grain crops to Annapolis to be exported e gram outside the Chesapeake. Figure 54 substantiates the growing importance of th . trade for Annapolis, and the decline in the 1760s of grain exported directly from the Oxford District. Just as Britain was the largest importer of Chesapeake produce, Britain was the largest supplier of goods to the farmers, planters, and merchants of Virginia and Maryland. However , Africa dominated the value of imports into the Chesapeake from regions other than Great Britain , as shown in Figure 55." African imports were almost exclusively slaves. Often the value of slaves imported was greater than the value imports from all other non-Great Britain regions combined , even though it varied dramatically from year to year . The period from 1730 to 1748 was a period 750 of large slave importations, as were the years in the first half of each of the 1 s and the 1760s. It is a stark reminder that much of the prosperity of colonial Chesapeake planters came from the expropriation of other people 's labor ''Because British goods paid duties in Britain, before being transported to the colonies, they are noted in the NOSLs as "Sundry European Goods" or "European Goods per Cocket." Therefore, it is impossible to_d etermine the value of imports from Great Britain from the NOSLs. Chapter 6 will use an alternative method for determining the value of imports from Br_itain_ when calculating the balance of payments and terms of trade Similarly' ,t JS impossible to determine the value of goods from Great Britain imported into any district. 100 % - - --- 90 % - 80 % - North Potomac 70% ~ g 60% - Patuxent ro > c 50% - - ~ '\ ;\ ; ~~ West Indies !~' ,'~ !""'O *' B 250,000 - 0-~ ; ,, ' ~(;; . ro f>- ,ffe.{:/-' "f:..' '%, E ~ -~ 200,000 - k ?..l""' '- ,;m r?, ....._.~ Lll !'i:, "" ~ ~" 150 ,000 100,000 50 ,000 0 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 Year Figure 55 . Estimated Value of Imports from Selected Regions Other than Great Britain in Constant ? Sterling (1860 = 100) . Source: Appendix 4, Table 62 . ...... .N.... . ---=~==:::----===--= =====~-~~-------- 122 The Chesapeake business cycle affected the importation of goods by coloni sts in Maryland and Virginia. In Figure 55, both of the sharp, mul ti-year drops in the va lue of imports around 1757 and 1765 corresponded to drops in the va lue of Chesapeake exports in those same yea rs, as shown in Figure 40 . Chesapea ke planters and merchants drasti ca lly curtailed their consumption of imports when their earnings from exports declined. In general, the colonists in Virginia and Maryland did not consume without regard fo r their current ea rnings ; when times were bad , they imported less . While the value of Chesapeake imports from non-Britain areas grew over the course of the eighteenth century, each region showed unique patterns of growth . Figure 56 graphs the value of imports into the Chesapeake from va rious regions in constant pounds. In general, the va lue of slave imports from Afri ca va ried tremendously depending on the year. In contras t, imports from the West Indies grew steadily over the period from 1725 to 177 1. From this area , the colonists imported rum , sugar , molasses , co ffee , pimento, ginger, and other exotic tropica l goods. Jnterestingly, the value of imports from North America remained fa irly constant and low until 1760. After that point , the va lue grew rapidly. Part of the growth between 1756 and 1763 undoubtedly came from ship captains obtaining a return cargo aher deli vering their grain and provisions to lhe grow ing northern cities 400 ,000 - -- ----- 350 ,000 West Indies 300,000 .V..). North America 0 0.. ..E.... 250,000 4- 0 Southern Europe ~ ~ 200 ,000 > -0 i~ Africa 150,000 ?.;:: V) 1-il 100,000 ,- '- 50,000 ,:, '- 0 --? ~ -- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 56. Estimated Value of Imports from Selected Regions Other than Great Britain in Constant ? Sterling (1 860 = 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 62. ...... N l;.) -'1"'2, 'U ~S,._ '::;..JI; ~ WW ?,i;? ~ ::a.?-,s? a1:-.::11..- 124 rom 1763 to 1767, th e value of al army and navy pro visioning agents. F or roy is but then grew rapidly again after 1767. Th , North American imp orts declined various non-importati on movements st likely due to the second growth spurt was mo lations, New England ring these crises in im perial re aga inst British goods . Du Britain. From these epped into the role tra ditionally played by manufacturers st arge variety of mostly a colonists obtained a l ports , Maryland and Virgini chairs, and other including carriages; e arthen ware; tables, manufactured goods ware; potatoes , onio ns . nd leather goods; tin a nd iron ' .? furniture products; sa ddles a nberries. d even delicacies suc h as lobsters and cra an hern Europe remained steady and mports from Sout Finally, the value of i ed the Chesapeake w ith 1725 to 1775. This area primarily suppli relatively low from s well as sa lt to prese rve ce well-laid tables a Madeira and Tenerife wines to gra 1763 had little effect decade after ffs. The boom in grai n exports during the foodstu on the level of impor ts. Chesapeake sub-regi ons were xports, different As was the case with e . Figures 57 through 64 non-Britain importatio n to vary ing degrees involved in the West hesapeake districts fro m ph the value of impor ts into the different C gra District of James outhern Europe, and A frica. The Lower Indies, North Americ a, S hould be expected as this Indian produce; this s River imported large values of West In f Chesapeake produce to the West Indies. ge value o district also exported a lar marginal tant to this region , as it embraced a contrast, the slave tra de was unimpor 160,000 -- - - --- --- --- --- -- ~ ---- - - - 140,000 - West Indies j 120,000 - ."...'. North America 0 0.. ..E.... 100,000 1 4--< o - Southern Europe (1) ::l ~ 80,000 > "O .(.1..). Africa / ?l 60 000 - ?-E= ' w".:'i 40 ,000 - -------- 20,000 - ., - - .._ /, 0 -- - - - ' - - -- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 57. Estimated Value of Imports into the Lower District of James River from Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling (1860 = 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 86. ,..... N V1 100,000 -- --- West Indies 80,000 .V...). North America 0 0.. e - 60 000 - <-+- ' 0 Southern Europe cu ::l C'3 > -0 B 40 000 - Africa Ce'3 ' ..... V) w 20,000 - --- / -~_::._.-;- 0 - =--- ;.....:: "_ .~ "" ------ - -..:.. :=- _-:.. - - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 58. Estimated Value of Imports Into the Upper District of James River from Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling (1860= 100) . Source: Appendix 4 , Table 88. ...... N 0\ "'""'' ??'"' ,..,.._ ?c??--? - ::...:..st.:~ -'1"}~1::? 120,000 - West Indies I 100,000 - I' I II ' "I I I .V...J.. North America c5 0.. 80,000 ..E... 4-- 0 Southern Europe (l.) 2 60 ,000 - ~ > u ~ Africa ~,- C: ...... 40,000 VJ Lil 20,000 l o - '; 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 59. Estimated Value of Imports into York District from Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1860 = 100). Source : Appendix 4, Table 90 . ...... N --.l 80,000 West Indies 60,000 North America .V...J, 0 0. E 4- Southern Europe 0 -0 Africa ~ ce E ...., VJ W.l 20 ,000 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 60. Estimated Value of Imports into Rappahannock District from Selected Regions in Constant? Sterling (1860= 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 92. ...... N 00 16 ,000 - - ~ - West Indies 14,000 - 12 ,000 North Ame rica \ .U....). 0 0... ? 10,000 Southern Europe 4-, 0 Africa -0 .<...l.). c,:: E 6,000 ...... U) u.J 4,000 2,000 - " 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 61 . Estimated Value of Imports into South Potomac District from Selected Areas in Constant ? Sterling (1860 = 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 94 . ,...... N '-0 100,000 -----T West Indies 80,000 - North America ~ 0 0.. ? 60,000 4-- 0 Southern Europe (\.) ~ ~ > "O Africa ~ 40,000 ?=E er, LL) 20 ,000 / " -- ~ ~---- .Y . :;:,-; - . - I' 0 - --- / 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Ye::ir Figure 62 . Estimated Value of Imports into Annapolis District from Selected Areas in Constant? Sterling (1860= 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 100. >--' w 0 50 ,000 ---- West Indies 40,000 .V..). North America 0 0. e ::, 30,000 0 Southern Europe It) ;:l ?l > "O ~ 20 000 Africa ?l ' E ?.:: V) LW 10,000 ' 0 --- -?- - --.:::..~::~ ~~ - - --- -- -:... - - - - .. , --1 ... ,/ ' ~ - ..,. 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 63. Estimated Value of Imports into Oxford District from Selected Areas in Constant ? Sterling (1860= 100). Source: Appendix 4, Table 102. ...... w...... 16,000 --- --- - -- - -- - - 14 ,000 West Indies 12,000 ~ 5 North America 0.. I -E 10,000 - I 4- 0 Cl) Southern Europe :3 I 8,000 - ~ > "'O .C..l.). ~ E 6 ,000 -..... U) UJ 4,000 - 2,000 - / ~ I 0 - - - -~ -- -?-- - -- - - - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 64. Estimated Value of Imports into Accomack District from Selected Regions in Constant ? Sterling (1860 = 100). Source : Appendix 4, Table 104. ...... v.> N 133 f some importance , and orth American trad e was o N tobacco-growing a rea. The rom 63. Similarly, the value of imports f ter 17 became much mor e important af iod from 1757 to 1 765. w except for the pe r Southern Europe w as relati vely lo ortation of slaves District and York D istrict, the imp For James Ri ver, U pper w. However, ther e was a important, as Figu res 58 and 59 sho from Afri ca was v ery e York District vir tually trade to th tween these two re gions. The slave diffe rence be the t was t11e center for the slave trade in ore that time i ceased after 1754; bef t numbers of rict sta rted importin g signi fica n hesapeake. James Ri ver , Upper Dist C the levels fo rmerly reached 0s it reached nd after the mid-17 5 slaves in the 1740s , a tersburg, ade had shifted to th e merchants in Pe e slave tr by York District. Th ts great expansion in Richmond as tobac co culture began i Bermuda Hundred , and the import trade to these e trade, ginia after 1745. O ther than the slav southwes t Vir as generally moder ate and stable. ther than Great Bri tain w two districts from a reas o received slave ship ments, but with th Potomac Both Rappahannock and Sou as demonstrated by odes t in size, tion of 1762, these were generally m the excep nerally of imports from oth er regions was ge ikewise, the value Figures 60 and 61 . L in 1860 pounds). , never exceeding ? 20,000 per yea r ( moderate and stabl e ack District. Since it was value of imports in to Accom Figure 64 graphs t he slave imports. As o, Accomack had n o acc y marginally engag ed in growing tob onl th American ports, mos t of st of its exports we nt to Nor might be expected , since mo he West Indian exp ort trade grew in ports as well. As t its imports came fr om those 134 ted from the We st Indies. e va lue of goods impor d th importance, so t oo di y imported few ll olis and Oxford D istr icts genera ap For Mary land , A nn e, bu t the value ions was general ly stabl from other reg slaves. The value of imports gently increased nnapo lis ndies and North America into A I of imports from the Wes t o Oxford gently decreased. lue from those sa me regions int after 1760 , whil e the va 0 rise of Annapo lis orts refl ects the p os t-176 p s true of exports , the value of im As wa concurrent decli ne of Oxford . a trading center a nd the as ghout the eighte enth u ke economy thro tobacco dominat ed the Chesapea While became increas in gly important to areas other tha n Great Britain century, trade ally varied as The total value o f exports gener 5 to 1771 . during the perio d from J 72 of imports from ed their consump tion ust co did ; Chesape ake planters adj tobac nom ups and downs o f the export eco y . ritain to mirror th e n Great B regions other tha st important for the mo ion trades were t he er tobacco , the g rain and provis Aft ds of nati ve mer chants ntered in the han These trades wer e ce Chesapeake eco nomy. hesapeake peake . While co nsumption of C sa s ringing the Che in the growing t own creased over the course of and North Ame rica generally in g ra in in the Wes t Indies Europe was lar gely trade to Souther n d from 1725 to 1 77 l , the grain the entire perio s Revolution. Eac h of these trade e American nomenon of the decade before th a phe esapeake corn ega tively, by ext ernal events: Ch vely and n was influenced , both positi 30 exception to th e fter the 17 in the West Indi es a d to compete wi th Carolina Rice ha 135 orn was ion of Chesapea ke wheat and c th American co nsumpt Nav iga tion Act s; Nor y the British lations and wart ime demand b urban popu stimula ted by th e growth of from both poo r rn Europe res ul ted outhe navy; and the w hea t trade to S mili ta ry and ish gra in export s. d the Jack of Br it harves ts there a n cts in the Chesa peake. areas had uneve n regional effe ther The trade to the se o est Indies, saw l corn and pork trade with the W ore traditiona Norfo lk , with i ts m uthern E urope. Conversely, th from the whe a t trade to So osive grow little of the expl to the Southern European more blossomed after 1763 due Annapolis and Balti . Yorktown, th e ister grew ford suffered as its cross-Bay s demand fo r gra in . Ox re 0, became less im portant as mo re 175 ake slave trade befo center of the C hesape co-growing reg ion nto the rapidly e xpanding tobac i nd more slaves were imported a of James River. Finally, by 1771 Upper District ' ugh the o f south west V irg inia, th ro s fo r export in s ig nificant ains and prov isi on peake produced gr all areas of the Chesa lanters increas in g ly added still king, Chesa peake p amounts . Whil e tobacco was n. res of land for g rain productio ac 136 CHAPTER 5 S FROM ESTMENT IN A ND EARNING CA PITAL IN V SAPEAKE-OWN ED SHIPPING CHE leared South p t mer c o omac r 1774, a fi fty to n brig, The Far ' On 28 Novembe nd for Lisbon. It bushels of corn bou t, Virginia, with a cargo of 4,000 Distric Islands., 0 bushels of sa lt from the Turks ch 1775 with 3,0 0 returned on 30 M ar 2 Like many other ships aken a load of fl o ur to Jamaica. Earlier in 1774 i t had t o two increas ing ly er goods t ake, it had carrie d gra ins and oth leaving the Ches ape ed by West Indies . Th is brig was own hern Europe and the ut important marke ts-So styled in the George Washing ton," as he was ke: " Col . a res ident of the Chesapea registration. mplex way and ather co n The Farmer in a r While Washingto n came to ow ping, " his examp le illustra tes an sire of being con cerned in Ship "had 110 de the yea rs before ke economy in icant component of the Chesapea increas ingly sign if n di vers ified the ir hants and large p lanters had ofte 3 e American Rev olution. Merc th . f 6, 197, Publi c Record Office 'T 1151 2, f 19 ington: Colonial? S en.e s . Papers of Geo. rg e Wash ' 2w w Abbott , et al eds. The -58 . . ,. y Press of Virgir na, 1983-) 10:55 Uni versit (Charlottesv ille, v A: spondence perta ining to Washington, 10:5 6. Other corre vo lumes 9 and 1 0 . JPapers of Geor ge e fo und th rougho ut ownership of Th e Farmer can b Washington 's 137 th century w- 1. e late seventeen , , 11 am es tments in shipp ing. In th holdings with inv wise, Wi ll iam By rd ngland. 4 Like 1 f a vessel based in E Fitzhugh owned part o l bui lt and launch ed a ship in 1710 5 olonel Edward H il ' owned a share in a ship. C ber of vessels thr oughout owned a num rrison family on the James Ri ver and the Ha wever, Chesapea ke-owned 6 ho entury. Despite these examples, the eighteenth c oun ting to only a bout am re early in the eig hteenth centu ry, shipping was rel ati vely ra amoun t of 725 . In the nex t fifty years, the g as late as 1 one thousand ton s of shippin The By the time Wash ington owned grew signi ficantl y. Chesapeake-own ed shipping Atlantic, often de parting egularly plowed t he er , Chesapeake-o wned tonnage r Farm ltimore, and prov iding a Annapolis, or Ba he fast-growing p orts of Norfolk, from t apeake economy. ings for the Ches significant sourc e of earn p ownership , bot h rns of Chesapeak e shi his chapter will e xamine the patte T to why those ch anges c us wi ll then turn raphically. The f o chronologically a nd geog ip will be ting ship ownersh e role of the grain trade in stimula occurred. Th ces of the capi ta l which our ed by and in ves ti gation in to the s consdiered, foll o w hesapeake World , 1676 _ liam Fitzhugh an d His C d. , Wil niveristy of Nort h 4Richard Beale D avis, e Chapel Hill: U ers and Other D ocuments ( Cargo the Acco unt 1701 : The Fitzhu gh Lett ts ". ? ? the 16'". part of a Ship & ss 1963), 385 lis inventory of Wil liam Ftizhugh. Carolina Pre be rendered" in ot yet Settled 'wll en ever it shall n ifliam Byrds of orresponden~e o f the Thr~e W ginia, 5 arion TinJing, ed . The C 1Jle, VA : Umvers 1ty Press of Vir M -1776 (Charlottes v 4 Westover, Virgin ia, 168 1977), 1:32. ry of William By rd of '. eds. The Secret Dia arion Tinling Naval Officer 's 6Louis B. Wrigh t and M 05; mond , VA: Dietz Pres~, 194 1), 2 (Rich Westover 1709- / 712 r District, pass11n . , Uppe Shipping 'Lists, J ames Ri ver 138 colon ists in Maryland and Virginia used to buy ships. Finally , the ramifications of this ship ownership will be explored. From 1725 to I 77 J , both total Chesapeake-owned tonnage and Chesapeake- owned tonnage per capita displayed several distinct trends , but generally grew over the eighteenth century. These data are presented in Figures 65 and 66. 7 In the mid-1720s, tonnage ownership per capita began a slow and steady growth, but it started to decline slightly by the mid-1730s. This decline continued until about 1740, reaching a low point. Here, it remained for five years, probably reflecting a wartime curtailment of growth . Beginning in 1745 , however, there was a sudden and rap id increase in the upper bound es timate of per capita tonnage ownership , which more than doubled from 12 . 77 tons per thousand white population in 1745, to 31. 32 tons per thousand white population by 1750; the lower bound estimate followed a similar pattern . There was an increase from 1750 to 1752, but from 1752 to 1755, the level stayed steady, and then dropped significantly from 1755 to 1758. From 1758 to 1763, during the French and Indian War , the level of ownership rose in a haphazard 7The dates selected represent available data. See Appendi x I for a complete discussion of the data . Per capita tonnage ownership is based on the white population of the Chesapeake only, as African-American slaves were a capital investment from a strictly economic point of view and were prohibited from owning property. 14,000 Upper Bound Estimate Lower Bound Estimate 12,000 10,000 VJ c:: r0 8,000 -0 Q) :... .Q....). VJ ?en 6,000 Q) Ci:: 4,000 2,000 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 65. Estimates of Chesapeake Ownership of Shipping Tonnage . Source: Appendix 5, Table 1026. l.,.l \0 40 - Upper Bound Estimate - - - Lower Bound Estimate ? 30 i , ~ ?.::: ro ::3 0.. 0 0... .~..., .c '- ~ 20 0 0 0- ti:) 0.. ~ VJ C 0 r< 10 o -?- -? - -- - ------ 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 66 . Estimates of Chesapeake Ownership of Shipping Tonnage per 1000 white persons. Source : Appendix 5, Table 1026. ...... .,1::,. 0 -- -==--==---- 141 l 1771. s there was significant overa ll growth unti fashion . After 1763 , ave had a positive ef fect on of war appear to h Surprisingly, period s uld have been During these times o f conflict, ships co Chesapeake ship ow nership. e to hire due to their expensiv by an enemy and shi ps' crews were very captured of ship ownership w ould lead to the rcity . The relatively liquid nature sca p during periods of war. During both nershi expectation of low l evels of vessel ow ership did decrease at the own 739 to 1748 and 175 4 to 1763 , tonnage war periods, 1 ship ownership was of the period of conf lict , however , beginning. By the e nd bers a negative effect, the se num asing dramatically . Rather than having incre ficial effect on ship o wnership levels . had a bene suggest that war ma y have me 9 other increased wart i This and the risk for ship own ers. Insurance diminishe d ers in the form of hi gher dity consum passed on to commo cos ts could generall y be urns. The shipping e form of lower ret prices and to commo dity producers in th the war, but it did n ot mean that the ght have slowed on a ccount of business mi , speculative voyages could bring great ed. Indeed profits for shipowne rs end however data for the Virginia ports after 1771 ; is almost no comple te 72, the Ann~polis to nnage' 8There 4 .. After 17 ta for Annapolis doe s exist through 177 ndix 5. da st atJOn. See Table 1022 111 Appe reases rapidly after a few years of agn inc See regularly insured th e ships he _owned. f Maryland s . 9Samuel Galloway o t11'.ough 13 , pass im: Library of Congres e Papers, Boxes 1_ the eighteenth Galloway-Maxcy-M arko alf of onvenient to obta111 I ll the sec~nd h lphia . Lester Insurance became m ore c ffices in Phifad~ 763, there were at le ast four i1'.suranc_e o y 1 0 na,y Er,a century; b Earfy Amenca. n Hi.st ory: The Revofutt , Atlas oif . . . d 103-]04_ J . c appon, et a I . , e d s., ? 26 an NJ: Princeton U111v ers1ty P1 ess, 1976) , , 1760-1 ceto n 790 (P rin 142 returns. 10 Supporting this hypothesis are the scattered figures for vessel sales for Annapolis and James River, Lower District. Some of the highest levels of ship sa les occurred during the French and Indian War ; estimated vesse l sa les for Annapo lis and the Lower District of James River averaged about ?19 ,000 per year for 1760 to 1762. 11 And profits from ship sales may have been even greater than in peacetime because of the increased demand for tonnage. Silvanus Grove, a London tobacco merchant , reported paying "a very extravagant price " for a ship purchased during the French and Indian War, apparently because he was unable to charter one . 12 The market for tonnage was a very liquid one. By its nature, investment in 10Ralph Davis concluded that "the ri sks of capture were not extraordinarily high" during wars, concluding that it was "very likely that shipowners' profits were higher in war than in peace." Ralph Davis, The Rise of the English Shipping lndust,y in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (London: Macmillan, 1962) , 318, 329. 11 See Figures 67 and 68. Average annual vessel sales were obtained by averaging the estimated registered tons so ld for 1760 to 1762; then multiplying by 1.5 to convert registered ton to measured tons ; and then using a va lue of ?4. 90 per measured ton . See John J. Mcc usker, "The Tonnage of Ships Engaged in the British Colonial Trade during the Eighteenth Century," Research in Economic History 6 (1981) , 73-105 , for a di scuss ion of registered, measured, and cargo tonnage ; and see John J. Mcc usker, "Sources of Investment Capital in the Colonial Philadelphia Shipping Industry ," Journal of Economic History 32 (1972) , 146-157 , for a discuss ion of ship prices; the ?4 .90 figure is from table 1, p 150. In general , the data on ship sa les from the Chesapeake are too variable and too scattered to permit constructing comprehensive estimates over time. The estimated sales data are reported with the individual Nava l officer districts in Tables 1015 through 1025 , in Appendix 5. 12Silvanus Grove to Samuel Galloway, 3 1 Mar 1762, Galloway-Maxcy-Markoe Papers , Box 5, item 8716. 2,000 1,500 V, g t--- "O ~ 1,000 ~ V, ?5n (1.) ~ 500 ----------- --~ 0 I 25 30 -- --- ----- - -- --- - - ? --~ 17 17 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year ndix 5, Table 1022. Sales of Annapolis-based Tonnage. Source: Appe Figure 67. Estimates of +->,. w 2,000 1,500 (/J c::: 0 E-- -0 ~ 1,000 ~ (/J O[) - 00 1200 1100 1000 Upper Bound 900 800 VJ C: 0 t""' 7 00 "O .~<..l.) 600 VJ .B i 500 0::: 400 Lower Bound 300 200 100 0 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 Yea 1r 7s 7 5 Figure 71. Estimate of Ownership of Shipping T L oi nn ne aa gr eI n inte Yrp oo rl kat i Ro in v) e. r S Do isu tr rc ice t: . A (p Dp ae sn hd ei dx L5 i, n T ea s b Rle e p1 r0 e1 s7 en. t ...... +>- \0 1200 1100 1000 900 Upper Bound--- 800 C/) C 0 700 E- "O V 1-, 600 ~ -~ ~ 500 0::: 400 \ 300 200 Lower Bound 100 ' - j 0 ---- - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 72. Estimate of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in Rappahannock District (Dashed Lines Represent Linear Interpolation) . Source: Appendix 5, Table 1018. ...... V1 0 1000 900 800 Upper Bound - - 700 r.r, ? 600 E- -0 o,_.l ... 500o ..l r.r, 01) 0o:.:i 400 300 200 Lower Bound 100 '- 0 -- - ---"-- - -- - - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Figure 73. Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in South Potomac District (Dashed Lines Represent Linear Interpolation) . Source: Appendix 5, Table 1019 . ....... ,V_.l 800 - - -------- 700 - 600 Vl 500 C 0 t- u Upper Bound ~ 400 .8 Vl "Sn (U ~ 300 - 200 100 Lower Bound 0 -- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 Year Lines Represent Figure 74. Estimates of Ownership of Shipping Tonnage in Accomack District (Dash ed Linear Interpolation). Source: Appendix 5, Table 1025. ...... u, N 600 500 - 400 Upper Bound rJ} c:: 0 't--< -0 ~ 300 .<..l.). rJ} en 80 000 - V) ' ~ ::l 0 0... 60 ,000 - 40,000 - / 20,000 - \.,- - _______,--, 0 -- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 84. Estimated Earnings from Chesapeake Ship Ownership . Source: Appendix 5, Table 1065 . --....J 0 171 York combined , and about one-third the amount produced by Massachusetts .38 The industry never could have sustained this level of production without a minimum base of domestic consumption necessary to allow fo r economies of scale and competition in the co lonial shipbuilding market. F inally, the investment in shipping created significa nt " invisible" earnings fo r the Chesapeake economy. F igure 84 presents some rough estimates of earnings from shipping from 1725 to 1775. Comparison to the value of tobacco exported from the Chesapeake fo r the var ious years gives some idea of the relative magnitude of these numbers .39 From 1725 to 1730 , the estimated earnings fro m shipping were about three percent of the value of tobacco exported ; by 1739 , this percentage had ri sen to 4.5 . By 1752 , the value of earnings from ship ownership increased to almost ten percent of the value of tobacco exported . Finally, by 1771 , on the eve of the Revolution, the value of ship earnings was approx imately sixteen percent of the value of tobacco exported .40 On top of these earnings estimates , the value of ships 38Cappon, Atlas of Early American History, 26 and 103. It should be noted that the sales estimates used in this chapter are not shipbuilding rates; a ship could be sold at any point during its life , not just when new . 39For tobacco export fi gures, see Histori cal Statistics, II , 11 90 , Series Z 449. Values are derived from 1768-1772 average prices ( . 85 ?/cwt) in James F . Shepherd and Gary M. Walton , Shipping, Maritime Trade and the Economic Development of Colonial North America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 1972) , Appendix IV . If fre ight rates did generally fall over the eighteenth century (as argued above) , the method used here will tend to understate the contribution of ship earnings to the domestic economy . Thus they can be viewed as minimum contribution levels . 40These estimates are high when compared to Shepherd and Walton' s estimates of earn ings for the entire South . These come from an apparent underestimation of 172 sold annually was probab ly well over ?10,000 and might have reached ?15 ,000 to ?20,000 by 1770 .4 1 Together, these shipping- related industries const ituted a significant sector in the economy of the Chesapeake, greatly exceed ing the average annual va lue of all commod ity exports to the West Indies from 1768 to 1770. 42 For those merchants and planters who invested in shipping, the average returns grew over the eighteenth century. While earnings from 1725 to the 1740s were stable or slightly decreas ing, these earnings grew after that time. 43 This made ship ownership an ever-more attracti ve investment. By 1770, shipping clearly comprised an increas ingly important sector of the Chesapeake's domes ti c economy- an economy that had diversified as the eighteenth century progressed. By that time, earnings from shipping were about one-s ixth of the va lue of earnings from exporting tobacco. And sales of shipping to places outside the Chesapeake added even more earnings . Chesapeake production of gra ins and foodstuffs were carried mainly by Chesapeake-owned vessels to the West Indies, North America, and Southern Europe, and the earnings from these activities stayed in the Chesapeake, directl y contributing to the domes tic economy by earning " invisibles." The capital to inves t in tonnage ownership probably came from several the ex tent of involvement of Chesapeake-based shipping in trade to Great Britain. See Shepherd and Walton , Shipping, Maritime Trade, 126, 128. 4 1See Figures 67 and 68 . 42Shepherd and Walton, Appendi x IV. 43See Figure 85. 173 sources, but both King George's War and the French and Indian War apparently had significant positive effects on capital accumulation and tonnage ownership levels. F ina ll y, the value of the spread effects of thi s investment-shipbuilding and ship services such as ropemaking and repairs-further enhanced the value of the investment and contributed to the diversification of the domestic economy o f the C hesapeake. 14 13 12 C 0 E- u 11 <..l.) .<..l.). V) "bi) 10 -' -...J 00 1,000 ,000 _,,. -- -- ?-=---....,... --0 (1,000,000) ,.,..-.., . u :..- a) 0 '-' 0 (2, 000,000) ', (/) ;:, 2 ;:, VJ (3, 000 ,000) (4, 000,000) (5 ,000 ,000) - - - 735 1740 1745 1750 175 5 1760 1765 1770 1725 1730 1 Year Balance of Trade for the Chesapeake Colonie s, 1725-1771. Constant? Figure 87. Cumulative 6. Sterling (1730 = 100). Source: Appendix 6 , Table 107 ....... -..J \0 180 1747 was even more dramatic when expressed in constant terms . Dur ing the same period, 1725 to 1771, the population of the Chesapeake co lon ies was a lso expand ing. F igure 88 graphs the debt per white person to take thi s popu lat ion growth into account. The graph revea ls that even with the rise in populat ion , the increase in debt from the m id-1730s to the mid- 1740s was a momentous event in the Chesapeake economy. In j ust one decade, the debt inc reased fro m nothing to almost ?9 per white person. Chesapeake p lanters began cl imbing out of debt from 1749 to 1755, when the debt per whi te actually decreased. However , after 1755, the debt per white rose again , but at a slower rate than earlier. By 177 1, the external debt per whi te had reached almost ? 12 sterling . T he defi c its in the balance of trade with Great Britain ran in two definite cycles. T he first was in the 1740s, while a second and much larger one, occurred after 1755 . F igure 89 g ives ample ev idence of the ba lance of trade deficits in the 1740s and the explos ive growth in trade deficits after 1755. Examining the balance o f trade between the Chesapeake and va rious regions prov ides some ins ight into why co lonia l indebtedness increased . The balance of trade w ith Afri ca suggests one cause. From 1735 to 1745, the importation of slaves caused large de fi cits. F igure 90 shows that thi s period saw the greatest susta ined importati on of s laves into the Chesapeake between 1725 and 177 1, other than an anomalous spike in the early 1750s. Since the Chesapeake usually ex ported nothing 2 1 0 (1 ) '- (2) ~ (3 ) u i3 (4) a-.._. ., o (5) VJ ~ ( ... 6.. ) ::i V) (7) - (8) (9) (10) (11 ) (12) 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 Year Figure 88. Cumulative Debt or Surplus per White from Exte 1 r7 n2 a5 l - T17 ra7 d1 e, i on f C tho en Cst ha en st a? p eS at ke erl i Cn og l o(1 ni7 e3 s0 , =100) . Source: Appendix 6, Table 1079. ,..... .0...0... 200,000 100,000 0 i (100,000) ;.;::: (l) 0 '-" 0 (200 ,000) (/) ::l 0. ~ (300,000) (400 ,000) (500,000) (600 ,000) 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 89. Annual Balance of Trade in "Visibles" with Great Britain, 1725-1771 , in Constant ? Sterling (1730 = 100) . Source: Appendix 6 , Table 1074. ...... 00 N 20 ,000 0 (20 ,000) ~ (40,000) .::: u c.;::: .) oJ I 184 es had to come from Briti sh sources. The cred it to make these purc has to Africa , the ed to send the debt per wh ite soa ring slaves help continued large importati on of between the mid-1730s a nd mid-J 740s. ajor regions-the West In dies, North de with the remai ning thr ee m Tra hat ibited diffe ring patterns. Figure 91 shows t America , and Southern E urope-exh trade with North America generally favo red the the balance of Chesapeak e 0s and the e trade was fa irly moderat e, the period of the 173 Chesapeake . While th As was discussed in Chap ter huge surges in surpluses. French and Indian War sa w demand for food stuffs by imperial 4 m the great , the latter of these came fro e large number of army so ldiers and navy sailors masters need ing to feed t h quarter he ing urban populations to t he north . T stationed in North Ameri ca as well as grow ses of the 1730s have two probable causes . ea rl ier surplu umber of natu ra l and Firs t the northern British colonies suffered a n ' o rampant epidemics: sma llpox manmade disas ters. The population declined due t Boston, and 20s, killing about one twe lfth of the population of raged in the early 17 was a tions over the next three d ecades , while diphtheria making repeated vis ita e to war: more than eight in the late 1730s. The po pulation also declined du problem les over fi fteen years of ag e were killed in the percent of all Massachuse tts ma 46, and many others had d ied earlier in the fa iled itary campaigns of 1745 a nd I 7 mil s a severe drought in New 4 1. Finally, there wa Cartagena expedition of 1 740 and 17 60,000.00 - ---~ ---- - - 40,000.00 - ,,....__ 20 ,000.00 - ?'(=.) ;.;:: 100,000 - 0 (100,000) -- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 94 . Annual Chesapeake Balance of Payments with all Regions except Great Britain and Africa , plus Earnings from Ship Ownership in Constant? Sterling (1730 = 100). Source: Appendix 6, Table 1077. ..... \0 0 191 and were owed to Br itish c. ct? and Maryl 1e Ho rs. Jt a owed by the colonist s in Virgini irginia's colonists to import the ritish credit that allow ed Maryland and V was B ount of goods that th ey did. am as quite igh , in relative terms it w While the level of de bt may seem h llion; the value of the slave s than ?5 mi manageable. The de bt in 1771 was les 5 lth of the million . And, of co urse, the wea population alone was almost ?7.5 personalty in additio n to ted of the value of lan d and Chesapeake colonists consis slaves. t of ates from probate inv entories, the amoun en compared to wealt h estim Wh unty, Maryland , cert ainly t. Mary's Co t again appears quite manageable . For S deb on, the ties by the time of the American Revoluti poorer Chesapeake c oun I one of the average debt per I per white in 1774 was ?24.5 Sterlin g; the wealth I average t. 6 Wealthier an half of this amoun eake white of ?11. 75 Sterling was less th Chesap imate value of th in terms of 1730 ? S terling. The approx i,: 5 All values are la ves by multiplying the est imated number of s lated ling) and slave population was calcu 9 Ster erage price bet_ween 1 76~ _a nd 1772 (?38.3 s from I 770 (25 I ,400) by th e av usmg the British CPI. Number of slave erling by ca, _ reducing it to real I 7 30 ? St c~nomy of British Am eri 1607 Russell R. Menard , T he E 36; average John J . Mccusker an d ersity of North Carolm a Press , 1985) 1 apel Hill, NC: Univ Bureau of the Census , 1789 (Ch US Department of C onm1erce, from 0 (Washington, DC: price of a slave ates.'. Colonial Times to 197 e United St h CPI from Historical Statistics of th itis fice, 1975), Series Z- 166, 2: 1174; and Br Printing Of istorical Price Index /or Government ney? A H Mccusker, How Muc h Is That in Real Mo n J. y of the United States (Worcester Joh he Econom ' Use as a Deflator of Money Values in t 2), Table B-1, 337-35 0. ciety, 199 MA: American Antiq uarian So enard, "Wealth and W elfare in Earl Carr and Russell R. M , 3y 6Lois Green " Will. d erly d ary's County, 1 t ~m an ? Mary Quart e from St. M r Reporting Rate was Maryland: Evidenc rom Table I, Adjusted fo ser., 56 0999): 95 _12o. The value f I 192 counties, such as Anne Arundel County, Maryland , in Figure 95 , had an average wealth of ?400 per decedent, or about ?49 Sterling per white. 7 In this case, the average debt was less than a quarter of the wealth. Chesapeake debt levels may seem quite high when first examined. But, as Figure 95 demonstrates , average levels of wealth rose after 1730, just as average levels of debt did. Further, in the comparison of the total value of the slave population and the average va lue of estates per whi te in a poorer and wealthier county, both the aggregate and per white levels of Chesapeake debt were quite reasonable and manageable. The colonists in Maryland and Virginia certainly were not "species of property annexed to mercantile houses in London. " Along with the question of the level and effects of debt , historians have also debated what the root cause of the rise in debt was. Did the debt evolve from colonists' des ire to have more and more consumer goods-"baubles of Britain ," as one author has ca lled them-participating in an eighteenth-century "consumer revolution "?8 Or, was this capital invested in economically productive enterprises 33. 39 in Maryland Paper Currency, defl ated to 1700-02. This va lue was adjusted by conversion to Sterling at ?133.33 Maryland Paper Currency to ?100 Sterling, and deflated to 1730 by use of the British CPI from Mccusker, How Much ls That . 7The value per white is derived by taking the estate va lue and modifying it as described above, then dividing by 6, the assumed average number of whites per family. 8T. H. Breen, "'Baubles of Britain ': The American and Consumer Revolutions of the Eighteenth Century ," Past and Present 119 (1988), 73-104. j 600 - - 550 - Anne Arundel, MD 500 - 450 St. Mary's , MD 400 - 0.) >~ 3 50 ~ Somerset, MD 0.) S 300 - U) \.Ll York, VA S 250 0 t""' 200 - - 150 - - - ~- ---..:.__"- ---------------- // ~-- 100 - -~ - 50 - o --- ---.-- - 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 95. Total Estate Value for Selected Chesapeake Counties in Constant? Sterling (1700-02 =100) . Source: Appendix 6, Table 1081. \-0 \.>.) 194 that resulted in greater earnings per capita, leading to a better standard of living? T he answer is apparently both . While the debt of the Chesapeake colonies was increas ing, so too were the earnings fr om external trade. F igure 96 graphs the level of external trade earnings-both "v isible"earnings from exports and " invisible" earnings from ship ownership- from 1725 to 177 1. From 1730 to 1746 the \eve\ of earnings per white varied around an average level of about ?1. 7 Sterling. After 1746, the earnings surged . While there were major sw ings ups and dow n for the next 25 years caused largely by the gy rations in the tobacco market , the secular trend was upward and the average was about ?2.25 Sterling, or about a third hi gher than from 1730 to 1746. Since both external trade earnings and external debt were increasing from 1725 to 1771 , the ratio of these two measures yield a good measure of which was increasing faster relative to the other . F igure 97 graphs the results, pointing to two distinct phases in this part of the history of the economy of Maryland and Virginia. F irst , from 1725 to about 17 45, there was a mass ive rise in debt , with little to show in the way of increased external earnings. This seems to indicate that this period was a time of plantation building and internal growth. The large importations of slaves produced more tobacco , but did not result in a rise in the value of external trade earnings measured per white . The period after 1745, which is most often associated with increased consumption of amenities, saw a very different trend . While debt per white 1\ 3.5 3 .0 on .S 2 . ... 5. .(..l...). C/) VJ ~ ::3 g 2.0 1.5 1.0 - 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 175 F 5 igure 96. Yea 1 r 7 60 Value 1 o 76f 5E Con xs teta rna 1 l 7 7T 0r 1775 nt? St ae drl ein Eg a r( nl i 7 n3 g0 s= ( 1 E0 x0 p) o. rtS s o pu lurc se S: hA ipp pp ie nn gd Eix a r6 n, i nT ga sb )l e p e1 r0 W80 h. ite , 1725-1771, in ,_. \0 U1 ~ ~ 1.0 0.9 ~ 0.8 .... .D Cl) Cl 0.7 -0 C ::l ~ 0.6 ~ 0. g'10 .5 C ?2 J3 0.4 C/) -0 ? 0.3 - 0 0.. 0.2 0.1 - 0.0 1750 1755 1760 1765 17 70 1775 1730 1735 1740 1745 Year er White to External Debt per Figure 97. Ratio of Trade Earnings (Exports plu s Shipping Earnings) p le 1081. ...... White , 1735-1771 , in Constant? Sterling (1730 = 100). Source : Appendix 6, Tab \0 ?' 197 continued to increase, increases in trade earnings per white largely kept pace . On average, trade earnings were increas ing at the same rate as debt. Figure 97 shows that the level of these earnings was between ?0. 16 and ?0.34 Sterling per? Sterling of debt , and averaged ?0.25 Sterling. So, although Chesapeake colonists were borrowing eve r-increas ing amou nts after J7 45, their average ex ternal ea rnings were keep ing pace . This indicates that much of the British cap ita l adva nced in the form of debt was being used to increase the va lue of production per white. However, the Chesapeake co lon ists were also consuming greater quantities of British manufactured goods defined as "amen ities." Work by Lois Green Carr and Lorena Walsh demonstrated that after the 1760s amenities were found in the inventories of Chesapeake decedents on all leve ls of soc iety, even the poor. Also , the average number of these amen ities in any household marked ly increased in the ha lf century before the Amer ican Revolut ion. 9 This increase in consumption was poss ible for two reasons. First, as demonstrated above, the Chesapeake's externa l earn ings were high enough to allow inc reased consumption while mainta ining an adequate earnings to debt ratio. And second , from 1745 to 1771 , Chesapeake products were earning more than they ever had , while the prices of goods the Chesapeake consumed were level or falling s lightl y . F igure 98 hows the remarkab le growth in the va lue of exports from 9Lois Green Carr and Lorena Walsh , "Changing Lifestyles and Consumer Behavior in the Colonial Chesapeake," in Cary Carson, Ronald Hoffman, and Peter J. Albert, ed . , Of Consuming Interests: The Style of life in the Eighteenth Century (Charlottesv ille, VA: Universi ty Press of Virginia, 1994), 59-166 . 240 ~~- --?-- - ~ --- ----- - - ~ 220 ~ 200 -, 180 - 160 - X. Cl) -0 c:: 140 - 120 - 100 - , / 80 - ? 60 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 98 . Chesapeake Export Price Index (1730 = 100). Source: Appendix 6, Table 1087. ...... \0 00 199 Maryland and Virginia. While the 1725 high was a spike due large ly to unusually high tobacco prices , the growth from 1745 to 1771 was fairly continuous . Punctuated with two sharp drops in I 755 and 1764, the economy nevertheless grew at a healthy average annual rate of3.6 percent from 1745 to 1771 . The import index , on the other hand , declined slightly over the same period , as Figure 99 shows. Although the decl ine from 1745 to 1771 was a rather slow ave rage rate of 0.7 percent per yea r, it meant imports into Maryland and Virginia became more affordable on their own. The Chesapeake terms of trade show the comb ined story of the import and export price indices . This index is graphed in Figure 100, and is graphed with the import and export price indices in Figure 101. Excluding the extreme spike of 1725, there was a rapid fall in the colonists' buying power from 1726 to 1730. The terms of trade improved slightly from 1730 to 1737, but then fell again sharply from 1738 to 1744. From that point to 1771 , there was overall improvement in the terms of trade, with the most rapid per iods being between 1745 and 1754 and from J 765 to 1771 . By 1771 , the produce of the Chesapeake could buy over twice as much imported goods as it did in 1730, and almost three times the amount it could in 1744. 10 The overall price index for the Chesapeake, a combination of the import and 10The terms of trade series graphed in Figure I0 2 generally followed the pattern of greatly increased buying power from the mid-1740s to the earl y 1770s. However , the terms of trade calculated for York County , Virginia did not. 120 110 100 X: Q) -0 C: 90 80 - 70 - - -- 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 99. Chesapeake Import Price Index, 1725-1771 (1730=100) . Source: Appendix 6, Table 1087. N 0 0 260 240 220 200 - ~ 180 -a C,:) '- f:- 160 4- 0 ~ 140 Q) f:- 120 100 80 60 40 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 100. Chesapeake Terms of Trade , 1725-1771 (1730=100). Source: Appendix 6, Table 1087. N 0.... ... ,. 260 240 Export Index 220 200 Import Index 180 Terms of Trade X 160 d) -0 C: - 140 120 100 - 80 60 40 - 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 40 1720 1725 1730 1735 1 7 Year 100). Chesapeake Export Index , Import Index , and Terms of Trade , 1725-1771 (1 730= Figure 101. N Source: Appendix 6, Table 1087. 0 N 250 240 230 York , VA 220 210 - 200 Somerset, MD 190 180 170 Lower Western Shore , MD 160 ~ 150 'O .S 140 All Maryland 130 120 110 - 100 90 ------ 80 - 70 ~ 60 50 40 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 102 . Terms of Trade for All of Maryland ; York County , Virginia : Somerset County , Maryland; and the Lower Western Shore (St. Mary's, Calvert , Charles, a nd Prince George' s), N 0 1658-1777 . Source: Appendix 6 , Table 1090. w 204 export price indices, showed a sharp drop to 1730, as figure 103 demonstrates. From that point to about 1745 , there was little or no increase in this index. And, fro m 1745 to 1771 there was an overall steady growth , reflecting the prosperity of this later period . Over the course of the fifty years preceding the American Revolution , the debt of the colonists in Maryland and Virginia did grow to a very large sum . Almost all of this debt consisted of capital advanced from Britain. But, this capital was not used solely fo r investments to increase agricultural production nor used solely for consumer goods to create a more comfortable life. White Chesapeake res idents did both, especially after 1745 . They invested in slaves, land , farm building , and ship ownership , activities that generated income, allow ing the ratio between ex ternal earnings and the ex ternal debt to remain fa irly constant. Meanwhile, they also consumed greater and greater amounts of British "baubles" to make their materia l lives better. The level of debt incurred by the colonists in Virginia and Maryland was not onerous, and indeed was relatively manageable. Record levels of Chesapeake debt accompanied record levels of Chesapeake earnings and record levels of Chesapeake consumption . The extraordinary growth in the economies of Virginia and Maryland after 1745 made all of this poss ible. ...... 240 220 Overall Price Index 200 - ex 180 Export Price Ind ~ x 160 Q.) Import Index "O C - 140 - 120 100 - 80 - 60 - 725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 177 0 1775 1720 1 Year Figure 103. Chesapeake Export Price Index , Import Price Index , and Overall Price Index , 1725-1771 (1730=100). Source: Appendix 6, Tables 1087 and 1088. N 0 Vi 206 CHAPTER 7 TH E EIG HTEENTH CENTU RY CHESAPEAKE ECONOMY: AN INTERPR ETATION During the century before the American Revolution , the economies of co lonial Virginia and Maryland were fundamenta lly altered , and these changes can be di vided into four periods. T he first period , from the 1660s through the 1680s, w itnessed fa lling tobacco prices. While increased productivity in both the growing and shipping of tobacco may have ameliorated some of the effects, the Chesapeake economy generally declined during thi s time. The second period , from the 1690s to around 1705, saw increas ing tobacco pr ices and improv ing terms of trade . This re lative prosperity fac ilitated the transition from rapidly di sappea ring servant labor to more expensive slave labor. T he third period , from 1705 through the 1730s, was a period of decline and stagnation . Tobacco production was generally level, while prices dropped . There was little diversification, and what effi ciency ga ins planters made served only to ameliorate a worsening economy . During the fourth period , from the 1740s to the eve of the American Revolution , the economy of the Chesapeake changed dramati call y, undergoing unprecedented changes in both the tobacco market and the diversification of the economy. Because of the changes in this fourth peri od , the Chesapeake economy by the eve o f the American Revolution 207 was better than it had been in almost a century. Throughout the first period , from the 1660s through the 1680s, tobacco price indices indicated a strong, secular downward trend . From 1.6 pence sterling per pound in 1662, the price of tobacco had fallen to 0.8 pence sterling per pound by 1690 . 1 Chesapeake planters made up for this price decline by improving productivity in two ways . Fi rst, the amount of tobacco grown per taxable rose. Thus , the total amount of tobacco exported from the Chesapeake increased. Second, planters packed their tobacco hogsheads with ever increasing amounts of tobacco. This tighter packing kept freight rates stable or declining .2 Despite these productivity ga ins, Chesapeake planters suffered a decl ine in their financial situation : the value of tobacco exports per white declined over this period . Additionally, the terms of trade continued to decrease to 1690 , indicating that Chesapeake agricultural products bought relatively less than they had. 1US Department of Conm1erce, Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1975) , Series Z583-584, 2: 1198. 2See Chapter 2 for price indices and Chapter 3 for freight rates . See Russell R. Menard , "Transport Costs and Long-Range Trade, 1300-1800: Was There a European 'Transport Revolution' in the Earl y Modern Era?" in James D . Tracy, ed , The Political Economy of Merchant Empires (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 , 228-275; Lois Green Carr , Lorena Walsh, and Russell R . Menard , Robert Cole's World (Chapel Hill , NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991 ), especially Chapter 6 ; and Lorena Walsh, "Summing the Parts: Implications for Estimating Chesapeake Output and Income Subregionally, " William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser ., (1999): 53-94; for info rmation on changes in seventeenth century productivity. 208 The 1690s saw the beginning of almost a quarter century of warfare between England and France. As would be expected, the cost of freight for Chesapeake tobacco going to England soared to two to th ree times the normal peacetime rate. But the decade of the 1690s was not a "bad" economic time for Ma ryland and Virginia. The overall Chesapeake price index rose from 1692 to 1705, mostly from an improvement in fa rm prices . Improving prices for Chesapeake produce also Jed to more favora ble terms of trade, which meant that planters in Mary land and Virginia could buy more with the same amount of produce. This increased buying power helped fuel a major structural change in the Chesapeake economy . Planters were able to rep/ace increasingly scarce English indentured servants with A fri can slaves. While slaves were initially more expensive, their li fe time term of service, as well as the continued labor of their children, furth er lowered the cost of tobacco production in the long run . Other indicators also point to prosperity from 1690 to 1705 . The va lue of tobacco exports per white increased in the 1690s, topping out at over ?3.50; this level would not be reached again for fifty years. Likewise, the level of tobacco production per white-between 350 and 400 pounds-remained high, higher in fac t than at any time in the eighteenth century. In spite of imperial conflict, these fi fteen years were a period of both relative prosperity and structural change for the Chesapeake economy. 209 egan to decline t .n e Chesapeake economy b , en en g Beginning around 1705 , th uring this nge significantly until th e 1740s. D an era of stagnation tha t did not cha of trade began to grow more rices fe ll and the terms period the index of farm p onists. Both of worsening economic tim es for Chesapeake col unfavorable , signaling st of this period. And, in ir general decline for the re these indicators continu ed the after having generally b een level ; this ufactures increased the 1720s, the price of man bated the poor economic times . only exacer vel during this period , esapeake tobacco produc tion stayed genera lly le Ch nued to grow. As in the 1730s . The popu lation , however, conti With some increase white ced per Chesapeake whi te and real earnings per a result , both tobacco p rodu earnings time. Similarly, extern al from tobacco declined s ignificantly during this declined , indicating tha t the s) per white from 1725 to 1740 (exports and ship earnin g ts outside t switch to other crops f or marke colonists in Virginia an d Maryland did no Great Britain . e poor economic times b y trying to ake planters did respond to th Chesape y increas ing the average he price of freight. The y did so by dramaticall lower t d, not by t rates were set by hogs hea Weight of tobacco hogs heads. Since freigh st of freight per he weight in a hogshead meant decreasing the co weight , increas ing t counteract the poor pric e for tobacco . elped to pound of tobacco shipp ed. This h thes is, the colonists ' at tempts to herd and Walton 's Bu t, contrary to She p rket were not aided by a ny the tobacco ma lower the cost of freigh t and improve 210 signi fica nt increase in productivity on the part of British ship owners. The utiliza tion of shuttle routes did not increase. Average tonnage genera/Jy did not increase. There were some gains in port-days per ton and tons per man , but these were sma// compared with ga ins after 1740. Fina/Jy, voyage times for the English vessels which predominated in the tobacco trade during this period actua /Jy rose. Therefore, the fa irly rapid drop in peacetime fre ight rates during this period came largely from the efforts of planters to pack more tobacco into a hogshead with virtua/Jy no assistance from more efficient operation of ships . While the economy from 1705 to 1740 was not good, apparently no significant imbalance of payments existed until after 1735 . The data on exchange rates fo r both Virginia and Maryland currency show their currencies genera /Jy traded below par; this lower price indicated a surplus of sterling credits fo r sale. The rate of expansion in Chesapeake debt before 1725 was probably very slow, if it expanded at all. Both the contraction in the British economy, indica ted by a declining overa/J British price index, and a sma/J trade surplus from 1725 to 1735, evident in the Chesapeake trade data, support this conclusion. During this stagnant economic period , planters generally were cautious and fis ca /Jy responsible, avoiding debt. In addition to the general stagnation, there was evidence of a sharp decline in the late 1720s to early 1730s. The Harris fa rm index showed a sharp drop around 1730, while the export price index compiled fo r this dissertation sharply declined from 1725 to 1730. Whatever the actual timing, there was clearly a sharp , major 21 l ithin this period of overall s tagnation. econom ic downtu rn w d was the passage of the One of the most signi ficant events of the perio e Naval Officer Districts of f 1730. It affected th Virginia Tobacco Inspectio n Act o non-Great James Ri ver, Lower Distric t most directly. Suddenly , Accomack and s. For both districts, tobac co tance for these area Britain trade ca tapulted to i mpor involved in the grai n trade to became heavily exports declined significant ly, and they the West Ind ies and North A merica . hip and shipping To carry this grain to marke t, the level of ship owners rew very slowly . so grew, but, in concert wit h the stagnant times , they g earnings al k and e based largely in James Ri v er, Lower District (Norfol These vessels wer e long-es tablished towns. ampton) and York Ri ver (Y orktown), where there wer H ut g carried grain to the West I ndies and the very small , b Most of this shippin -Chesapeake vessels-often from . Non growing, market in Souther n Europe u ffs to other North America n rried foodst Bermuda or New England- generally ca ports. mall term , the establishment of t obacco warehouses began s For the longer en years of the ttl ement where merchants te nded to loca te. Within sev areas of se Virginia had started the inspection act, the Harri s terms of trade index fo r passage of ased price competition as me rchants competed with upward . This came from in cre iness of the small planters de pos iting tobacco at the each other to win the bus uld of the terms of trade index wo warehouse. A similar chan ge in the direction 212 even years after that colony passed its inspection act in occur in Maryland about s competition among merchants 1747, furth er supporting the idea that increased nd planters. brought lower prices to Chesapeake f armers a 1735, there were faint indications of t he growth that would take place After lonists invested heavily in slave labor to produce after 1740. In the 1730s, co and other crops. The cumulative exte rnal debt of Maryland and Virg inia tobacco nies still generally ran surpluses with Great lo increased rapidly after 1735. The co of slaves drove the debt level upward . Britain , but the huge importations 1705 through the end of the 1730s, th e economy of the Chesapeake From the growth to come by the late 1730s stagnated. While there were some hi nts of ' years, however the economy floundered during much of this period . The next thirty ' were much different. e eve of the American Revolution , the Chesapeake From the 1740s to th precedented fashion . Tobacco genera ted n un economy both changed and grew in a found new consumers , thanks to a cha nge in marketing patterns. higher returns and er access to credits These new marketing patterns also pe rmitted small planters great njoyed a remarkable, new level of ma terial goods. Crop diversification and they e onomy of many areas within the Ches apeake as into foodstuffs rapidly changed the ec rns created new markets. To carry th ese new goods changes in imperial trade patte gly invested in and to their markets the colonists of Mar yland and Virginia increasin ' 213 ake 's external debt r eached the Chesape perated ships. And finally, the level of o new highs. growth in the tobacc o e reappearance of lon g-term The 1740s marked th anters produced ever -increasing rom this decade on, Chesapeake pl industry . F xported to creased tobacco prod uction was largely e amounts of tobacco . The in apeake tobacco by 1 770. England as a destinat ion fo r Ches d Scotland , which equ ale s , it began a slow de cline term bacco market was gr owing in aggregate While the to of ake economy. In the 17 40s the amount ortance to the overal I Chesape in imp f but after the mid-1 75 0s the amount o tobacco produced pe r white increased , rowth in the tobacco ed . And , while the g bacco produced per white steadily declin to of real income per whit e by the beginning higher levels of market produced sha rply 55 and 1765 in those levels. drops around 17 the 1750s , there wer e sharp years, the rate of de cline in freight eceding thirty-five In comparison to the pr 740s was British markets after the 1 sts for planters shipp ing their tobacco to co e French and Indian n King George's and th small. In Maryland the period betwee ight slightly. What declin es there were in fre s increase Wars actually saw th ese rate ars ; both accelerated the anges prompted by th ese two imperial w rates came from ch rs . And, fortunately for a ht rates relative to th e rates before the w declines in freig did not increase as m uch as they had arket, war-time freig ht rates the tobacco m s was e 's Wars at the turn o f the century . Thi Queen Ann during King William 's and ance of nvoy system, which reduced the ch due to the more effe ctive use of the co 214 capture. es declined slowly , there were some significant While freight rat Shepherd and Walton improvements in the efficiency of tobacco shipping, as ased, more significantly for posited . The average tonnage of tobacco sh ip incre reflected an returning to Scotland than those returning to England. This those ships acco bound for Scotland, while the amount for England increase in the amount of tob ships and ton-to-man emained leve l. Similarly, port -days per ton decreased for all r presenting more efficient opera tion. Average ratios generally increased, both re then increased during the Fren ch and 0s and voyage times decreased in the 175 not continue to ian War; however, after the wa r, voyage times generally did Ind nd e time , some factors showed lit tle change. Average Maryla decrease . At the sam le route ogshead sizes showed little ove rall increase . Similarly, shutt and Virginia h utilization was flat. nt improvements in shipping ef ficiency, sum, whi le there were significaIn sts for tobacco. These changes ering shipping co they had quite lim ited effects in low by the two improvements in efficiency app ear to have been greatly aided and inor improvements in freight ra tes The very m imperial wars during this perio d . economy. not responsible for the robust growth seen in the Chesapeake Were economies of Maryland and Vi rginia A significant part of the growth in the e increase in exports to areas ot her than Great Britain , in this period came from th all d Southern Europe. By the 17 40s, especially the West Indies , No rth America, an --- 215 ts of Chesapeake-produced fo odstuff' d significant amoun S . of these areas consume -17 0s to rise notably after the mid 4 The value of exports to the W est Indies started ' ded during the French and In dian War to feed while those lo North America explo outhern Europe was a minor ed on the continent. S British soldiers and sailors st ation rial wars, this stination before 1763; as wou ld be expected, during impe export de 63 , Southern Europe rapidly became an trade virtually ceased. Howe ver, after 17 esapeake grain. This rapid ch ange happened because important consumer of Ch porter area, became a continual net im Britain, a traditional supplier of grain to this crops experienced bad times. opean grain of grain after 1763, and Sout hern Eur had a significant impact on th e Chesapeake. Areas of These market changes nversion the Eastern Shore, continued the co marginal tobacco production , especially r rger amounts of grain. Cities such as Norfolk grew large to producing larger and la rovincial capital into a town from a sleepy p and more prosperous . Annap olis grew althy planters and merchants, and Which boasted impressive ma nsions built by we othing to a thriving port town in the space of about n Baltimore literally grew from twenty-five years. were built not only on the gra in The wealth and economies of these towns ing markets . ownership of the vessels to c arry the grain to the consum trade, but also level of ship ownership, with rapid growth As the grain trade grew, so d id the 48. Most of these vessels ini tially traded to the West coming in the years after 17 ts nd for grain in North Americ an marke Indies and Southern Europe, but the dema 216 Chesapeake coloni sts' share War greatly increa sed the ndian during the French and I ed can ports. Ships w ere generally bas o other North Ame ri t of the shipping ma rket ower District (Nor folk and r Districts of James River , L in the Naval Office xford). However apolis and Baltimor e), and Oxford (O ' Hampton), Annapo lis (A1rn strict (Bermuda Hu ndred i tricts such as Jame s River , Upper D s by the 1770s, othe r di d South Potomac ( A lexandria) ock (Fredericksbur g), an and Petersburg), R appahann nnage owned in tho se areas . owed increases in the to sh ers often sold off t heir ip own es of war, Marylan d and Virginia sh During tim in the level of inv estment in increased risks. H owever, declines ships due to the re quickly r and the French an d Indian Wars we ge's Wa shipping during K ing Geor wnership, periods of increased ship o after these wars en ded. Because of reversed hese ses in the earnings from shipping. T arly saw substantia l increa peace simil eve of the Americ an the economy; by th e to ings made a signif icant contribution earn total value of toba cco exported about one-sixth of the Revolution their v alue was esapeake shipping earnings also helped the Ch aryland. These from Virginia and M that the Virginia a nd . In the 1740s , they lessened deficits balance of paymen ts dies , and North Ame rica . West In onists ran with Sou thern Europe, the Maryland col onsible for the fav orable arnings were solely resp During the 1750s, these ship e of the 1760s they he lped slow the rate in ith these areas; and balance of paymen ts w owth of Chesapeak e debt. gr le for the thirty ye ars at made the econom ic growth poss ib The capital th 217 ital advanced, or n was British in o rigin. The cap before the Amer ican Revolutio es with Great Br itain and xclusively from t rade imbalanc st e debt , resulted al mo ued in the 1740s as ports into the Ch esapeake contin Africa . Large sl ave im irginia grew at a rapid pace. backcountry of Northern V a and the Southwest Virgi ni flected in the con tinuing rapid tion building was re arm and planta This investment in f th Great Britain icits with bo er this period. L arge annual def ov rise in debt per w hite d to this growing debt. nd Africa contrib ute a co firms , which ttish tobac f the British debt was held by Sco Much o . The relatively small res in the colonies run by factors blished sto increasingly esta esapeake co lonis ts both bts, by small plan ters allowed Ch purchases, and r esulting de to enjoy a greate r r market, and building and cro p production fo to invest in farm fusion of umption of "ame nities. " The in l comfort by incr eased cons level of materia positive impact o n icant and nomy had a signi f sh credit into the Chesapeake eco Scotti economic growth . ume; they also in vested in anters did not me rely cons ake pl However, Chesa pe f ip and earnings f rom this form o he level of ship o wnersh . T productive enter prises rms ent in slaves, pla ntations , and fa e investm stment went up d ramatically. Th inve ot been seen sinc e 17 . 25 nal earnings per white that had n yielded levels of exter ed around a relat ively t xternal earnings to debt fluctua After 1745, the r atio of e the value of the ebt was only abo ut two-thirds of of d constant level. T he gross level ? 12 per white (in o less than the debt amounti ng t slave population by 1771 , with ---- 218 ounds Sterling). 1730 p n productive benefitted not on ly from their ow The Chesapeake colonists ice index, which e import pr m changes within the empire. Th enterprises but a lso fro the West Indies , fell t Britain and ted of goods imp orted from Grea largely consis ing that the colon ists, an terms of trade, m e in the 1760s . T his boosted the sharply to export 1740. The inab ility of Britain in e bought much m ore than it had produc itted the emands of South ern Europe perm to meet the d adequate supplie s of grain ile nce of lrade with this region, wh rpluses in the bal a su colonists to ea rn huge ica and the West h Amer ll. Finally, both Nort timulating ship o wnersl1ip as we s sapeake grain, as those areas rtant markets for Che ndies provided in creasingly impo I olution , the whit e rican Rev the eve of the A me grew and prospe red as well . On erienced a level o f prosperity and aryland generally exp nd M colonists of Virg inia a at least a century. they had not enj oyed in material comfort that rates the staples scussion above im plicitly incorpo Much of the econ omic di that of the expo rt and my followed postulates that t he overall econo thesis which antation producti on was r pl hile the vast major ity of farm o import economy. W thesis does inde ed ginia , the staplesir itants of Marylan d and V consumed by the inhab sions here eake because the data and conclu case of the Ches ap e appear to apply to th ighteenth -century e directions of th e e th ally agree with o ther research on gener colonial econom y. 219 e probate records of the of the work conduc ted in th ch First and foremost , mu e first there was generally stagnation in th lus ion that Chesapeake suppo rts the conc economic growth a fter about 1 . J740 century and signifi cant part of the eightee nth ti vely level values for St. ues in Chapter 6 in dicated rela e val The graph of estat nt both lines incre ase erset Counties unti l 1740; at this poi Mary's and Som irginia showed slo w growth unty, V y. Similarly, the g raph for York Co significantl ounty, growth thereafter. Anne Arundel C ut I 740, and then very rapid to abo ath of an enormou sly because of the dey r, did not follow th is pattern , poss ibl howeve e was significant g rowth in the a verage 4 case, ther ealthy man in the 1 720s. In any W om 1740 to 1770. es tate value fr pplicability of the staples piece of evidence that supports the a The second t of native expectancy data. T he average heigh life thesis comes from height and 0s remained about from 1700 to 174rn ite males in the th irteen colonies bo born wh s dily increasingly te rminal heights, a ; those born after 1740s had stea the same an their Chesapeake were generally taller th 104 shows. And , residents of the Figure ame trends as d .d I bate es tate values f ollowed the s. hat the pro upport of this poin t JThis assumes t . Robert Gallman a1:gued m s al capital stock ac cumulation ost promise t,? reve al patterns of gener m ght capital stock e s timates held the ~,n, .c .an We Bui ld National and thou llm th in early Americ an. Rob.ert E. ~a grow istory, Wtlltam a nd Ma,y economic n H for the Colonial P eriod of America Accounts . Quarrerly, 3d ser. , 56 (1999) 23-30 e size of his es tate could have s. The immens rrett died in the 17 20 nal communication with 4Amos Ga thor's perso e average estate va lues upward. Au skewed th gust 1999. Lois Green Carr, 1 Au 220 counterparts in the northern colon ies. 5 One study even suggests that average heights declined from 1720 to 1730 , grew to achieve the 1720 height again by 1740, and then continued to grow after that po int. 6 This curve is remarkably similar to the pattern of economic growth found here. The improvement in heights, suggest that children born after 1740s rece ived better nutrition and care than those born in the half-century before. This implies again that the economy was generally better after 1740 than before. Life expectancy also increased fo r those nat ive-born males born after 1740s. From 1720 to 1740 , there was little or no increase in longev ity, as shown in F igure 105. However , after the 1740s, the life expectancy increases steadily. Again , thi s correlates to an improving economy in the thirty years before the American Revolution, which ra ised average living standards. The overall economy of the eighteenth century Chesapeake generally moved in concert with the overall ups and downs of external trade. While the fir st fo rty years of the e ighteenth century were generally ones of little or no growth , the thirty years before the American Revolution witnessed rapid change and growth in the economy of the colonial Chesapeake. These developments occurred because of British credit , trade opportunities within the empire, and the entrepreneurial talents 5Richard H . Steckel, "Nutritional Status in the Colonial Economy," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser. , 56 (1 999), 39-4 1. ('Kenneth L. Sokolo ff and Georgia C. Villafl or , "The Earl y Achievement of Modern Stature in America," Social Science f-li sro,y 6 ( 1982) 470. 174.0 --- -- 173 .5 ~ 173.0 - E (.) t:: ?: 172.5 - ..c .: :!) -.. (.) C 5(.) 56 Q.) Cl. X W-l 55 ~ Q.) '+- ".J ~ 54 C<:l Q.) >-- 53 --- 52 51 50 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 Year Figure 105. Life Expectancy at Age 10 of Native-Born White Males , 1700-1790. Source: Robert W. Fogel , "Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality since 1700, " in Stanley Engerman and Robert Gallman, eds., Long-Tenn Factors ;n American Economic Growth (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986) , 464-467, N N 510-5 12 . N 223 ion . As a result , the coming of the American Revolut of Chesapeake colonists shed economic structures that underpinned ly disrupted many of the e stabli certain reak with Britain in wth in Maryland and Virg in ia. The result of this b economic gro been devastating. economic terms must hav e TRADE AND ECONOM IC GROWTH IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHESAPEAKE by Stephen Gregg Hardy Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland , College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1999 Advisory Committee: Professor Alison G. Olson , Chair Professor Lois Green Carr Professor Emory G. Evans Professor John J. McCusker Professor Whitman H. Ridgway Professor John J. Wallis ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR VOLUME TWO Appendix 1: The Customs Establishment in the Chesapeake and Its Surviving Records-The Naval Officer Shipping Lists 224 Early American Price Indices and Other Economic Appendix 2: Indicators for the Colonial Chesapeake ... .... . .. . .. . . . . 339 422 The Chesapeake Tobacco Trade , 1680-1775 Appendix 3: Tobacco Exports .. ... .. .... ..... .. : : : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 423 Trans-Atlantic Tobacco Freight Rates , 1675-1 775 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 439 Shuttle Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?. ? ? ? ? ? ? 462 Average Tonnage .. ... . .. .. .... ... ..... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 465 Port-Days per Ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? 468 Tons-to-Man Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 471 Voyage Times . .. . .. . . ... . ..... : : : : : .? .? .? .? .? ? ? 474 491 Appendix 4: Trade Data for the Colonial Chesapeake ... . Estimation Methods ..... . . . . ........ : ? ? ? ? ? ? 494 506 Price Series and Quantity Information 224 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 IN THE CHESA PEAKE T STABLISHMEN PPING LISTS THE CUSTOMS E ER SHI RDS-THE NA V AL OFFIC AN O ITS SURVIV ING RECO is is fo r most of the st atistics used in th s the bas The data that serve s a ke. Local i ng records of trade for the Chesapea urviv dissertation came from the s orce s a part of the Briti sh strategy to enf ords a customs officials g enerated these rec ercanti listic tenets . The firs t to m th n Acts and channel trade accord ing e Navigatio stablishment . t10n of the Chesape ake customs e ' Se ? ction below descri bes how the ev0Ju s the data years us ed for dresse nd s is was divided in to . The second ad a the district fficer ttempts a census of all known Naval O th tation . The final s ection a is disser Shi ? ts for the Chesapea ke. Pping Lis ent apeake Cus toms Establishm ~ rious Chesapeake p orts had blishment in the va By 1775, the custo ms es ta nd the comptroller . e naval officer, a hree major officia l s: the collector , th grown to t ?d ? veyor, and , of cour se, sur minor posts such as surveyor, n mg Th ere Were also other depuf or offices. ies of the three ma j It was offices the collecto r was the oldest. 1 Of tl1e th ree maJ?o r co 1o n , ?a , 225 1 e collector was officia lly responsible y the Nav igation Act o f 1673. Th es tablished b ment, but his duties a lso establish cting any duties due to the British customs fo r co lle s as well. The author ity of the array of provi ncial du tie often included collect ing an e collectors were ships trad ing in a wel l de fined district. Th collector was over usually on the advice o f the Board of he Treasury, appointed by the Lord s of t 2 Customs Commiss ion ers. e naval officer. His d uties were that of th The second oldest offi ce was 3 al officer was "to take an Accot of Act of 1696. The nav defined by the Nav iga tion s and how Navigated and the g thither with the Ladi ng the Arri val of all Ship s tradin ation to another and to one plant all ships going from th e Plantations or from like of ds be carried to n in Great Britain) tha t all Enumerated Goo take Security (if not g ive or Unload plantation to another, and no ship can Load Great Britain or from one 4 lly, he icer as well as the Col lector. " Additiona Withouth the permiss io n of this Off ring from his district, with registration ps entering and clea forwarded lists of the shi er was rgo, to London . In ge neral , the naval offic f the ca details and description s o century, most Virgin ia th y the Governor , but fr om the mid-eighteen appointed b he British Customs S ervice in 1 . Barrow, Trade and E mpire: T Thomas C ridge, MA , 1967), 13 . Colonial America, 16 60-1775 (Camb nder Customs Commissione rs reported and was u 2 of Technically, the Board ority of the Lords of t he Treasury. the auth 3Barrow, 53-54. Add . MSS . 22617, fol. s, December 30, 1713 . 4C. Carkesse to R. Pow y arrow, 78 . 145, British Library a s quoted in B 226 naval officers were Royal patronage appointments. 5 The imperial reforms of the 1760s changed part of the structure of the customs establishment: it added a th ird major officer for the larger ports--the Comptroller-and created and American Board of Customs Commiss ioners to oversee the collectors and comptrollers from Nova Scotia to the Bahamas_ c, The comptrollers were to serve as a check on the collectors . T his new customs boards reported directl y to the Lords of T reasury. Although most of the trade of the Chesapeake fl owed in and out of its mouth , the bay usually contained at least eleven naval office districts. 7 Virginia was d ivided into six di stricts during the eighteenth century, while the number in Maryland varied . Each of these di stricts generated lists of vessels, and their cargoes, which entered and cleared . The naval officers or their deputies compiled these li sts quarterl y from 1697 until the end of the colonial period ; the co lonial governors then 5Peter V . Bergstrom , " Merchants and Markets: Economic Diversification in Colonial Virginia , 1700-1775 ," (Ph .D . diss., Uni versity of New Hampshire, 1980), 73-80 . 6 Dora Mae Clark , "The American Board of Customs," American Histori cal Review 45 (1940): 777-806 . 7The following discuss ion is based on info rmation drawn largely from Lester J . Cappon , et al. , eds . , Atlas of Early American History : The Revolutionary Era (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976), 40 , 119 ; Barrow, 261-272 ; John J . Mccusker , An Introdu ction to the Nava l Officer Shipping Lists (in progress), Appendix A ; and Donnell M . Owings, His Lordship 's Patronage: Offices of Profit in Colonial Maryland (Baltimore, MD : Maryland Historical Society , 1953), 63-67 , 92-101 , 159-164 , and 177-186; together with my own additions and corrections . 227 of Treasury , or th e Board of of Customs, Lord s ard transmitted the I is ts to the Bo Trade. 8 contained the foll owing sually he Naval Officer Shipping Lists u T ship build , numb er of me, e, ship type, ship na ormation : date of entry or clearanc inf where crewmen, where built, when built, ns, number of tons , number of g u the cargo, where bound registered, a detai led description of registered, when n . s given, and when a bond was give bond wa to/from , where a January has been to start t he year on ly change in datin g of the NOSLs The on : Ladyday (ending 25 March lish quarters ' ed were traditiona l Eng I. The quarters us S. or 5 July, N.S. ), ), Midsummer (en ding 24 June, O . 0.S. or 5 April, N .S. ctober, N.S .), and Christmas .S. or 10 O haelmas (ending 2 9 September, O Mic re referred to as 5 January , N.S .). These quarters a nding 25 Decemb er, O.S . or (e a, b, c , and d, res pectively. ricts and the natu re n of both the boun daries of the dist Below is a discus sio g SLs) that survive for each, movin cer Shipping Lists (NO l Offi and qual ity of Na va m its mouth. clockwise around the bay fro a are extant in the Public s from both Mary land and Virgini Shipping record 1700s. These ar e often y early overing the very l ate 1690s and ver Record Office c ese early NOSLs eared, and early N OSLs. Th cco cl records of duties collected, toba oods Larabee, ed. and ment, see Leonard W ttal require 776 (Washington , 8For the transmi ors, 1670-1 structions to British Colonial Govern comp., Royal In York, 1967), 2 :775 . DC, 1935; reprin t, New 228 e newness of the off ice. Because overage, reflecting t h and c va ried g rea tly in fo rm hey are not incl uded in highly varied, t vered such a short p eriod and were so they co is noted in the descr iptions of each s ts below. Their ex istence, however, the li the NOSLs survive for Virg inia between i strict. Jn the Publi c Record Office , no d fter the early scattered ones fo r M aryland a ea rly 1700s and J 72 5, and only very 1700s . ton) [Virginia ! i stri ct James Ri ver (later called Hamp .Lower D k, which was the 35 lowest iver below Lyons C ree The part of the Jam es R oth Hampton and comprised this distri ct. This included b miles of the James R i ver , complete sets of 1700 to 1706 and g enerally Norfolk . There are some records from are found in co 511 441 _ rough the mid-1760 s. These NOSLs from the mi d-1720s th 1450. r [Virginia ! !lpper Distri ct Jam es Rive Lyons C reek. This ered the part of the James Ri ver above This district cov msburg. dred and the colonia l capital of Willia rmuda Hun encompassed the a r ea of Be and generally comp lete sets of NOSLs m 1700 to 1705 There are some rec ords fro 1450. 1760s. These are fo und in CO 5/1441 - hrough the from the mid-1720s t founds in the Virg in ia rds of clearances fro m thi s di strict are Additional reco James Ri ver Distri ct: val O fficer. Upper orical Society , "Yir g inia(Co lony) . Na Hist 229 , 1742-1745 ," (M ss4V819a6). Port Book Xork /Virginia] There are some ork River, includ ing Yorktown. the Y This district serve d s of NOS Ls from the mid- d generally comp lete set records from 16 98 to I 706 an 0s . These are fo und in CO spotty coverage in the 176 l 720s through th e 1750s , with 5/1441 -1450 . ppahannock [Vir ginia'/ .Ra which included Urbanna ck River compris ed this district, The Rappahanno 1706 and gener ally 698 to ere are scattered records from 1 . Th and Fredericksb urg se are found in -1720s through t he 1760s. The e mid complete sets of NOSLs from th co 5/1441 -1450. ~outh Potomac [Virginia] he Potomac Rive r. This area ed the south side of t This district enc ompass 705 and general ly 9 to 1 here are some re cords from 169 T included Alexan dria. the mid-l 760s . These are SLs from the mi d-l 720s through complete sets of NO 50. found in CO 5/ 1 441 -14 and] North Potomac [Maryl 230 tomac River . Th e only NOSLs he north s ide of the Po t This district incl uded e in CO 517 _ ar and 1698 . These 49 r this district dat e between 1693 that survive fo his district in the Calvert iving revenue rec ords from t There are also a few su rv Naval Officer, General aryland Historica l Society and in Papers (MS 174) at the M the Maryland Sta te Archives. File (S 205) at ] E_atuxent [Maryl and red the whole of ctor's district cov e inally , this Roya l Customs Colle Orig o three districts : North Potomac 1686, it was split int Maryland. How ever, in ), Pocomoke (wh ich covered the e vered the bounda ries stated abov (which co 16S h covered everyt hing else). In 6 , nt (whic daries stated bel ow) , and Patuxe boun and Treasury) a nd the oms by the Boards of Cust Collector's distr icts (appointed the ous . Indeed , in or) were cotermi n ed by the Govern Naval Officers d istricts (appoint s was genera lly t he case. glish America, th i e ighteenth-centu ry En al Officer 's distr ict the Patuxent Nav, however, sp lit A provincial act o f 1694 atuxent River) , omprised of the P c ew districts : Patu xent (now only into three n but not including , the om the mouth of the Patuxent to, Annapolis (aroun d the bay fr 9; from the Chest er adt from 1695-16 9 t er), and Oxford (called Williarns Chester Riv of the colonial the end clusive) . Thus f rom 1694 to River to the Cho ptank River , in ficer districts. 9 od, Maryland ha d five Naval Of peri ed an rancis Nicholson establish 9 nder the Act of 16 94, Governor F purpose of collec ting dut? U e 1es on Cecil County , a pparently for th additional distric t in 231 y the new Na val Officer istricts were u nchanged b 's d ver, the Colle ctor ing convinced Howe at year , James Sterl 52. In th mained uncha nged unt il 17 distri cts and r e 's District , Ch ester and w Collector ry to establish a fourth, ne asu istrict. the Board to T re s d of the Patuxe nt Collector ' t of the midd led ou , which was c arve e Chester Riv er Patapsco sco River to t h atap the bay from t he P encompassed the head of district This or 's10 763, the Colle ct altimore. In 1 g hamlet of B and included the growin a reverted to the nly, and the re s t of the are ver o reduced to th e Ches ter Ri was t Collector 's d i strict. Patuxen OSLs for Patu xent: some only a few N rd Office poss esses he Public Rec o er, the Custom s T Howev hese are in CO 5/749-750. 701 , and 1754 . T survives from 1695 to 1 MdHR 1374 , S 204) istrict ( f Entries fo r th e Patuxent d llector 's Book o 56 , and is sub di vided Co rs 1745 to 17 rchi ves . This record cove State A trict. at the Maryla nd ector 's di s which compr ised the Coll cer districts into the three Naval Offi aryland] th Annapolis [M und the bay f rom rea aro e mou th the a r district comp rised This Naval O ffice district includ ed , the Chester Ri ver. Thi s luding atuxent to , bu t not inc in the Public of the P nnapolis surv ive Very few NO SLs from A more. T Annapolis and Balti 4 17 696 to 1701 a nd 175 - 59 . he e ly cover 1 ' Office ? those t hat do sparse Record ' disappeared b y _ 54 ee Philadelphia. This offi ce 17 S land from liquors comin g over atronage, 64. P Owings, His l ordship 's tronage, 96. Owings , His l ordship 's Pa IO 232 ctors' oned in "Patuxent" above, the Colle 50 . As menti are fo und in CO 5 /749-7 s fo r 1745 to 1756. e Book of Entries su rviv overing J7 56-1775 lumes ca ll ed Port B ooks (MS 21) , c ' A second set of vo e been kept by the Histori cal Society . These must hav yland survives in the Ma r bonds hav ing been there are numerou s clearances with r , as Annapo li s Nava l O ffice icer district of se records cover al l of the Naval Off g iven at Chester. Thus , the psco , from 1756 to and Pata g the Collector 's D istrict of Chester Annapoli s, includi n 1775. fo r Annapolis (MdH R is another set of Po rt of Entry Books F inally, there 759, at the rances and clearanc es from 1748 to 1 ent 1372 , s 204) , covering both or Naval known whether the se are Collector 's ot Mary land State Ar chi ves. It is n hey are bound ly Co ll ector 's Reco rds, s ince t Officer 's records; they are mos t like with Oxford port r ecords . ary land] Ches ter and Patap sco [M including the Che ster and 1752, s was a Collector 's distri ct created in Thi the Chester Ri ver. See e only rs; by J 766 , it was r educed to includ Patapsco Rive t of records fo r full er discuss io n. Only one shee above "Annapolis" and " Patu xent " nnapolis ristmas Quarter , 17 71 imports in A ict, covering Ch survives for thi s d istr Historical Society. S 21) at the Maryla nd Port of Entry Reco rd Books (M 233 Oxford (called Williamstadt from 1695-1699) [Maryland] This Naval Officer district covered the area from the Ches ter Ri ver to the Choptank Ri ver , inclusive. The Collector's district was coterminous with the Nava l Officer district until 1752, when the Chester River Collector 's district was removed to the newly-created Chester and Patapsco Collector 's district . The few records from this district in the Public Record Office provide spotty coverage of the yea rs from 1695 to 1699. These are in CO 51749. As mentioned in "Pa tuxent," the Collector's book of entries survives from 1745 to 1756. AdditionaJJy, there is a small nm of port records covering 1742 to 1746 (MdHR 1372, S 204) at the Maryland Sta le Archives. The Mary /and Historical Society has Naval Officer records from 1759 to 1773 (MS 638). Since these are Naval Officer records, they were unaffected by the change in CoJJector's districts in 1752. Pocomoke [Maryland ] This district encompassed both bayside and seas ide on Mary land's Eastern Shore from the Virginia border , up to , but not including, the Cl10ptank River. It was established by Lord Baltimore in 1676, and was both a Naval Officer and Collectors District. The only NOSLs that survive for this District are from 1689 to 1701 . These are found in CO 51749. Various other revenue records survive in the Calvert Papers (MS 174) at the Maryland Historica l Soc iety, and Naval Officer, 234 es. ) at the Marylan d State Archiv General File (S 205 Accomack [Vi rginia] re . There are s ome o ia 's Eastern Sh district include d all of Virgin This of NOSLs from the mid- 4, and generally complete sets 170 records from 16 99 to hrough the overage from th e mid-1740s t red c e mid-1730s, sc atte l 720s through t h ese are found i n co the 1760s. Th omplete sets thr ough 1750s, and gen era lly c 5/1441-1450 . dy .Qata Years Us ed for This Stu ; and in no yea rs did Ls did not exist for a year ete set of NOS Often , a compl fulness of the ts . To maximiz e the use et ex ist for all C hesapeake por a complete s s to form a "da ta consecutive qua rters of NOSL tudy used four ex isting record s, this s through 5 below . a years" are giv en in tables 1 year." The "d at ar; in most cas es it ndar ye y or may not ha ve been a cale The data year m a lways contained three ost a e statistics for a data year alm was not. How ever , th or ourth immediat ely preceding ndar year , and a f articular ca le quarters from a p for other t District and in rare instances t yea r. Also, f or the Patuxen following tha re used . ly the records o f entrances we Chesapeake dis tricts , on data years are relatively been caused by using ight have The errors that m nds, not year to year erm tre tion examines l ong-t all. In genera l, t his disserta sm 235 rward or the e nd a er fo the data year a quart s. Mov ing the beginning of va riation g longer trends . n establishin had little effe ct o quarte r backw ard 236 TABLE 1 VIRGINIA NAVAL OFFICER SHIPPING LISTS: QUARTERS USED TO COMPRISE A YEAR FOR JAMES RIVER, LOWER DISTRICT AND JAMES RIVER, U PPER DISTRICT ames River er D1stnct ames River Lower District Year 25 Apr 1725 to 25 Apr 1726 1725bcd and 1726a 1725 25 Apr 17 26 to 25 Apr 1727 I 726bcd and 1727a 25 Apr 1727 to 25 Mar 1728 1726 l 727bcd and 1728a 1727 1728 1729d and 1730abc 1729 1730abcd 1730d and 1731 abc 1730 173labcd 173 ld and 1732abc 1731 1732d and l 733abc 1732 1732d and 1733abc 1733 1733d and 1734abc 1734 1735 1735d and 1736abc 1737abcd 1736 1736d and 1737abc 1738abcd 1737 1737d and l 738abc 1739abcd 1738 1738d and 1739abc 1740abcd 1739 1739d and 1740abc 1741abcd 1740 1740d and 174labc 1742abcd 1741 1741d and 1742abc 1743abcd 1742 1742d and 1743abc 1744abcd 1743 1743d and 1744abc 1745abcd 1744 1744d and 1745abc 1746abcd 1745 1745d and 1746abc 1746 1747 748 1749bcd a nd 1750a 1 1749bcd and I 750a 1749 1750bcd an d 1751 a 1750bcd and 175 la 1750 175lbcd and 1752a 1751 1752bcd and 1753a 1752bcd and 1753a 1752 1753 1754abcd 1754bcd and 1755a 1754 1755bcd and 1756a 1755 1756abcd 1756bcd and 1757a 1756 1757 58abcd 1758abcd 17 1758 237 River, Upper Di strict - District Jame s Vear James River , Lower d 1760abc 1759 abcd 1759d an 1760 abc 1760 1761abcd 17 60d and 1761 c 1761 1762abcd 176 1 d and l 762ab nd 1763abc 1762 d a 1763abcd 17 62 63d and 1764ab c 1763 es only] 17 1764 l 7 64abcd [e ntranc 1764d and 1765abc 1765abcd 65d and l 766ab c 1765 1766abcd 17 1766 1767 1 768abcd bcd 1768 1 769a 1769 2a 1770 nd 1772a 17 71 bed and 17 7 177bcd a 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 238 TABLE 2 VIRGINIA NA VAL OFFICER SHIPPING LISTS : QUARTERS USED TO COMPRISE A YEAR FOR YORK RIVER DISTRICT AND RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT Rappahannock District York River District ear 1725bcd and 1726a 1725bcd and 1726a 1725 1726bcd and 1727a 1726 25 April 1727 to 25 April 1728 1727 1728 25 April 1730 to 25 April 1731 1729 1730bcd and 173 la 30 25 April 1731 to 25 April 1732 17 1731 1732abcd 25 Oct 1732 to 25 Oct 1733 1732 l733abcd 1733 1735bcd and 1736a 1734 1735abcd 1736b cd and 1737a 1735 1736abcd 1737bcd and 1738a 1736 1737abcd 1738bcd and 1739a 1737 1738abcd 1739bcd and 1740a 1738 1739abcd 1740bcd and 1741a 1739 1740abcd 174lbcd and 1742a 1740 174labcd 1742bcd and 1743a 1741 1742abcd 1743bcd and 1744a 1742 1743abcd 3 17 44bcd and 1745a 174 1744abcd 1745bcd and 1746a 1744 1745abcd 1746bcd and 1747a 1745 1746 1747 and 1750a 1748 1749bc d 1749abcd 49 1750bcd and 1751a 17 1750abcd 1751 bed and 1752a 1750 175labcd l 752bcd and 1753a 1751 1752abcd 1752 755a 1753 l 754bcd and 1 1754bcd and 1755a 54 1755bcd and 1756 a 17 1755bcd and 1756a 1755 l 756bcd and 1757a 1756 1757 1758abcd 1758abcd 1758 239 ahannock Distri ct p York River Dist rict Rap Year 760abcd 1759 1 s only] 1760abcd [entran ce 176labcd 1760 1761abcd 1762abcd 1761 1762abcd 62 1 763abcd 17 764abcd 1763 63cd and 1764ab 1 l 7 5abcd 1764 6 64cd and 1765ab 17 17 66abcd 1765 17 1766 c 1767 768ab 176 7d and l 768ab I 767cd and I l 769abc 1768 8cd and 1769ab 1768d and 176 1769 a 1770 71abcd 177 1 bed and 1 772 17 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 240 TABLE 3 VIRGINIA NAVAL OFFICER SHIPPING LISTS: QUARTERS USED TO COMPRISE A YEAR FOR SOUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT AND ACCOMACK DISTRICT Accomack District outh Potomac District ear a 25 April 1 725 to 25 April 1726 l 725bcd and 1726 1725 l 726bcd and 1727a 1726 1727abccl 1727bcd and 1728a 1727 1728 1729 1730bccl and J 73 la 1730bcd and 173 la 1730 1731 bed and 1732a 1731 bed and 1732a 1731 1732bcd and 1733a 1732 J733abcd l 733bcd and 1734a 1733 1734abcd 1734bcd and 173 5a 1734 1735 1736abcd 1736 J737abcd 1737 1738abcd 1738 1739abcd 1739 1740abcd 1740 J74labcd 1741 1742abcd 1742 J743abcd 1743 J744abcd 1744 1745abcd 1745 1746abcd 1746abcd 1746 1747 1748 1749abcd 1749bcd and 1750a 1749 J 750bcd and 175 la 1750 1751 bed and 1752a 1751 1752abcd 1752bcd and 1753a 1752 1753 J754abcd 1754 J755abcd 1755 1756abcd 1756 1756d and l 757abc 1757 J758abcd 1758 241 ac District Acco mack District :South Potomear 1759abcd 1759 1760abcd 1760 6Jabcd 1 761abcd 17 761 abc d 1 1762abcd 1762 1762 1763abcd 63 abcd [entrances o nly] 17 1764abcd 1764 1764 d 1765ab cd 1765abc 1765 cd J 766abcd 1766ab 1766 67 1767d and J 768 abc 17 68d and 1769abc 1768 17 1769 771 bed and 17 72a 1770 1771 bed and 1772 a 1 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 242 TABLE 4 MARYLAND NA VAL OFFICER SHIPPING LISTS : QUARTERS USED TO COMPRISE A YEAR FOR ANNAPOLIS DISTRICT AND OXFORD DISTRICT Oxford District Annapohs b1stnct Year 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1742d and l 743abc 1743 1743d and 1744abc 1744 1744d and 1745abc 1745 1746abcd 1745d a nd 1746abc 1746 1747abcd 1747 1748abcd 1748 1749abcd 1749 1750abcd 1750 175labcd 1751 1752abcd 1752 1753abcd 1753 1754abcd 1754 1755abcd 1755 1756abcd 1756 1757abcd 1757 1758abcd 1758 243 Oxford District Annapol1s District Year 1759abcd 1760abcd 1759 1760abcd 1761abcd 1760 176labcd 1762abcd 1761 1762abcd 1763abcd 1762 1763abcd 1764abcd 1763 I764abcd 1765abcd 1764 1765abcd 1766abcd 1765 1766abcd 1767abcd 1766 I767abcd 1768abcd 1767 1768abcd 1769abcd 1768 1769abcd 1770abcd 1769 I770abcd 177labcd 1770 177labcd 1772abcd 1771 1772abcd 1772 1773abcd 1773 I774abcd 1774 1775 244 TABLE 5 MARYLAND NAVAL OFFICER SHIPPING LISTS: QUARTERS USED TO COMPRIS E A YEAR FOR PATUXENT DISTRICT Patuxent District Year 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 I746abcd [entrances only] 1746 I747abcd [entrances only] 1747 1748abcd [e ntrances only J 1748 J749abcd [entrances only] 1749 l 750abcd [entrances only] 1750 1751 abed [e ntrances only] 1751 1752abcd [e ntrances only] 1752 1753abcd [e ntrances only] 1753 1754abcd [e ntrances only] ]754 1755abcd [e ntrances only] 1755 1756abcd fe ntrances only] 1756 1757 1758 245 Yea r Patuxent District 1759 1760 176 1 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 246 val Officer Shipp ing Lists ?ensus of Extan t Na available dily accessible in a commercially ea The NOSLs are most r vailable ublications did n ot include all a film p . 11 rofilm Howe ver , these micro mic le in the Public Record e all of those ava i lab not even includ NOSLs ; in fact , they did for the to survey the NO SLs available pts e been three atte m Office. There h av and another, so lely for ccusker; npublished versi on by John J. M Chesapeake: an u t survey reports of the pertinen r Minchenton. A dditionally , the Virginia, by Wa lte ent was by PRO NOSLs, but arr angem s Project listed Virginian Colon ial Record s , and mostly minor er rors, omission ese lists containe d 12 th classification. All of ; however , these n identified e lists were not o fte curacies. Additio nally, duplicat inac ing damaged or t orn . Therefore of one copy be ' be quite import ant in the case can n 1725 and 1775 for the NOSLs betwee below attempt to list all existing the tables Chesapeake. Lists for d Office, Naval Office Shipping ritain , Public Re cor E. Minchinton (Wakefield ''Great B uction by Walterth an introd ublic Record Of fice ' wi P Virginia, 1698-1 769, itain , ), 4 reel s. Great Br tion by ' land: Micro Me thods , 1966? d, 168~-1754, w ith an introduc Eng ipping Lists Jo~- Marylan s, 1970?), J ree l. Naval Office Sh kefield, England : Micro Method Walter E. Minch inton (Wa hipping Lists (in r S ro1uctt:on to the f!av~l Office r Waite ed 12 , An Jnt nd PeteJohn J. Mccusk er , Celia Kmg, a sd. '. pendix A; Walte r E. Mrnchrnton 984) Ap, rogress), Ap mond: Virginia State Library 1' , pen 1x p Statistics (Rich ts, Library o f y ?? ? . 1 11a . Virginia Slave T rade . . oJect, Survey Re por 1g11 he Virginia Colo mal Records Pr A; and t 247 TABLE 6 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM JAMES RIVER, LOWER DISTRICT nces Quarter Re fere 1725a co 5/1442, f32 1725b co 5/1442, f35 1725c co 5/1442, f36 1725d co 5/1442, f39 1726a co 5/1442, f31 1726b co 5/1442, f31 1726c co 5/1442, f46 1726d co 5/1442, f48??? 1727a CO 5/1443, f28v 1727b co 5/1443, f25 1727c CO 5/1443, f26v 1727d CO 5/1443 , f27v 1728a 1728b 1728c CO 5/ 1443, f36v 1728d 1729a 1729b 1729c co 5/1443, f45 1729d co 5/1443, f48 1730a co 5/1443, f43 1730b co 5/1443, f67 1730c CO 5/1443, f58v 1730d CO 5/1443 , f66v 1731a CO 5/1443 , f85v 1731b co 5/1443, f84 1731c co 5/1443 , f87 1731d co 5/1443 , f86 1732a 1732b 1732c co 5/1443 , f95 1732d co 5/1443, f94 1733a CO 5/1443 , fl 14v 1733b CO 5/1443 , fl 15v 1733c 248 arter Referen ces Qu co 5/1443 , f117 1733d CO 5/1443, f11 6v 1734a CO 5/1443, f141 v 1734b CO 5/1443 , f140v 1734c co 5/1443 , f139 1734d co 5/1443 , fl 38 1735a 1735b CO 5/1446, f58v 1735c CO 5/1446, f59v 1735d CO 5/1446, f60v 1736a CO 5/1446, t65v 1736b CO 5/1446, f66v 1736c co 5/1446, fl 1736d co 5/1446, f2 1737a CO 5/1446 , f3v 1737b CO 5/1446 , f4v 1737c CO 5/1446 , f5v 1737d CO 5/1446 , f6v 1738a CO 5/1446, f? v 1738b CO 5/1446, f8 v; CO 5/1446, f64v 1738c CO 5/1446, f9v 1738d co 5/1446, nov 1739a CO 5/1446, fl 1V 1739b CO 5/1446 , f12v 1739c CO 5/1446, f13v 1739d CO 5/1446, f14v 1740a CO 5/1446, f15v 1740b CO 5/1446 , f16v 1740c CO 5/1446 , f17v 1740d CO 5/1446, f18v 1741a CO 5/1446, f19v 1741b CO 5/1446, f20v 1741c CO 5/1446, t21 v; CO 5/1446 , f67v 1741d CO 5/1446 , t22v; CO 5/1446 , f68v 1742a CO 5/1446 , t23v 1742b CO 5/1446 , f24v 1742c CO 5/1446 , t25v 1742d CO 5/1446, t26v 1743a CO 5/1446, t27v 1743b 249 Quarter References 1743c CO 5/1446, f28v 1743d CO 5/1446, f29v 1744a CO 5/1446, f30v 1744b CO 5/1446, f31v 1744c CO 5/1446, f32v 1744d CO 5/1446, f33v 1745a CO 5/1446, f34v 1745b CO 5/1446, f35v 1745c CO 5/1446, f36v 1745d CO 5/1446, f37v 1746a CO 5/1446, f38v 1746b CO 5/1446, f39v 1746c CO 5/1446, f40v 1746d 1747a CO 5/1446, f41 V 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a CO 5/1446, f42v 1749b CO 5/1446, f43v 1749c CO 5/1446, t44v 1749d CO 5/1446, f45v 1750a CO 5/1446, f46v 1750b CO 5/1446, f47v 1750c CO 5/1446, f48v 1750d CO 5/1446, f49v 1751a CO 5/1446, f50v 1751b CO 5/1446, f51v 1751c CO 5/1446, f52v 1751d CO 5/1446, f53v 1752a CO 5/1446, f54v 1752b CO 5/1446, f55v 1752c CO 5/1446, f56v 1752d == 250 References Quarter CO 5/1446, f57v 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a 1754b CO 5/1447, 13v 1754c CO 5/1447, f4v 1754d CO 5/1447, f5v 1755a CO 5/1447, t27v 1755b CO 5/1447, t24v 1755c CO 5/1447, t25v 1755d CO 5/1447, t26v 1756a CO 5/1447, f47 1756b CO 5/1447, f44v 1756c CO 5/1447, f46 1756d CO 5/1447, f45v 1757a CO 5/1447, f63v 1757b 1757c 1757d CO 5/1447 , f64v 1758a CO 5/1447, f80v 1758b CO 5/1447, f74v 1758c CO 5/1447, f77v 1758d CO 5/1447, f79v 1759a CO 5/1448, f5v 1759b 1759c 1759d CO 5/1448, 1Jv 1760a CO 5/1448 , t23v 1760b CO 5/1448 , fl9v 1760c CO 5/1448, f20v 1760d co 5/1448 , f21 v 1761a CO 5/1448 , f47v 1761b CO 5/1448, f42v 1761c CO 5/1448, f45v 1761d CO 5/1448, f46v 1762a CO 5/1449, f5v 1762b CO 5/1449, t2v 251 References Quarter CO 5/1449 , f4v 1762c CO 5/1449 , f8v 1762d CO 5/1449 , f35v 1763a CO 5/1449, f32v 1763b CO 5/1449 , f33v 1763c CO 5/1449 , f34v 1763d CO 5/1449, f54v 1764a 1764b 1764c CO 5/1449 , f53v 1764d CO 5/1449 , f77v 1765a CO 5/1449 , f73v 1765b CO 5/1449 , f74v 1765c CO 5/1449, f76v 1765d CO 5/1450, f6v 1766a CO 5/1450 , f3v 1766b CO 5/1450 , f4v 1766c CO 5/1450, f5v 1766d CO 5/1450 , f24v 1767a 1767b 1767c CO 5/1450, f23v 1767d CO 5/1450 , f34v 1768a 1768b 1768c 1768d 1769a 1769b 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a 1771b CO 5/1350, f9v 1771c T 1/481, flv ; CO 5/1350 , flOv 1771d CO 5/1350 , f57v ; T 1/488 , fl00v 252 Quarter Referen ces = f58v 1772a CO 5/13 50, 1772b 1772c 1772d T J/498 , f1 8 1773a 1773b 1773c CO 5/1352, fl 36v; T 1/ 506 , f6v 1773d 74a CO 5/13 52, fl35 v; T 11506 , f5 17 1774b 1774c 1774d T 1/51 2, f198 1775a T 1/5 12, f199 1775b 1775c 1775d --- 253 TABLE 7 NOSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO JAMES RIVER, LOW ER DISTRICT References Quarter 1725a co 5/1442, t3 3 1725b co 5/1442, f34 1725c co 5/1442, f3 7 1725d co 5/1442, f38 1726a co 5/1442, f30 1726b co 5/1442, f30 1726c co 5/1442, f47 1726d co 5/1442, [49 1727a co 5/1443 , f28 1727b CO 5/1443 , f2S 1727c co 5/1443 , f26 1727d co 5/1443, f27 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443 , f3 6 1728d 1729a 1729b 1729c co 5/1443, f45 1729d co 5/1443 , f48 1730a CO S/1443 , f43v 1730b CO 5/1443 , f67v 1730c co 5/1443 , f58 1730d co 5/1443 , f66 1731a CO S/1443 , f85 1731b CO S/1443, f84 1731c CO 5/1443 , f87v 1731d CO 5/1443 , f86v 1732a 1732b 1732c CO 5/ 1443, f95 v 1732d CO 5/1443 , f94v 1733a co 5/1443 , fl 14 1733b co 5/1443 , fl 15 1733c ---- 254 References Quarter CO 5/1443, f117 v 1733d co 5/1443 , fl16 1734a co 5/1443 , fl41 1734b co 5/1443 , fl40 1734c CO 5/1443 , fl39v 1734d CO 5/1443 , fl38v 1735a 1735b co 5/1446 , f58 1735c co 5/1446 , f59 1735d co 5/1446 , f60 1736a co 5/1446 , f65 1736b co 5/1446 , f66 1736c CO 5/1443 , fl V 1736d co 5/1446 , f2y 1737a co 5/1446 , f3 1737b co 5/1446 , f4 1737c CO 5/1446 , f5 1737d co 5/1446 , f6 1738a co 5/1446 , f7 1738b co 5/1446 , f8 ; co 5/1446 , f64 1738c co 5/1446 , f9 1738d co 5/1446 , no 1739a co 5/1446 , fl 1 1739b co 5/1446 , fl2 1739c co 5/1446, fl3 1739d co 5/1446 , f14 1740a co 5/1446 , f15 1740b co 5/1446 , fl6 1740c co 5/1446 , fl7 1740d co 5/1446 , fl8 1741a co 5/1446 , fl9 1741b co 5/1446 , f20 1741c co 5/1446, f21 ; co 5/1446 , f67 1741d co 5/1446 , f22 ; co 5/1446, f68 1742a co 5/1446 , f23 1742b co 5/1446 , f24 1742c co 5/1446 , f25 1742d co 5/1446, f26 1743a co 5/1446 , f27 1743b -=- --= -- 255 Quarter References 1743c CO 5/1 446, t28 1743d CO 5/1446, t29 1744a CO 5/1446, f3 0 1744b CO 5/1446 , f31 1744c CO 5/1446, f32 1744d CO 5/1446 , f33 1745a CO 5/1446 , f3 4 1745b CO 5/1446 , f3 5 1745c CO 5/1446 , f3 6 1745d CO 5/1446, f3 7 1746a CO 5/1446, f38 1746b CO 5/1446, f39 1746c CO 5/1446, f40 1746d 1747a CO 5/1446, f41 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a co 5/1446 , f42 1749b co 5/1446 , t43 1749c co 5/1446, f44 1749d co 5/1446, f45 1750a co 5/1446, f46 1750b co 5/1446, f47 1750c co 5/1446, f48 1750d co 5/1446, f49 1751a co 5/1446, f50 1751b co 5/1 446 , f51 1751c co 5/1446 , f52 1751d co 5/1446 , f53 1752a co 5/1446, f54 1752b co 5/1446, f55 1752c co 5/1446 , f56 1752d 256 ~_r_ __R~ e~fe:.:c...re::.c..n~ce::s::._ _________: J 753a CO 5/1446 , f57 J753b 1753c 1753d I754a 1754b c o 5/1447 1754 cc o , f 3 5/1447c , f4 1754d o 5/1447 , f5 175 c5a o 511447 , J75 c5 o f27 b 5/1447c , fo 2, 4 J755c 5/1447 175 c , o f25d 5 511447, f26 J7 C5 O6 a 5 /1447, f47V J7 c5 o6b 5/1447 , f44 J7 C5 O6C 5 /1447 ,c f461756 od V 5/1447 , f45 J75 C7 oa 5/1447, f63 1757b 1757c 17 c5 o7d 5/1447 J7 c , 5 o f6 4 8a 5/]447 , f80 175 c8 ob 5/1447c , o t7 4 J758c 511447, 175 c8 o t7 7 d 5/1447c , t79 J759 oa 5/1448 , f5 1759b 1759c J759 cd o 5/ 1448 , f3 J76 c0 oa 5/1448c , J760 o f2 3 b 5/1448c , o fl9 J760c 511448 , no J76 C0 Od 5/1448 J7 c , o f 2l 6la 5/1448,c o f4 7 l76lb 5/1448c , o f4 2 1761c 5/1448c , o f4 5 1761d 5/l 448,c fo 46 1762a 5/1449, f J762b c o 5 5/1449 , f2 257 References Quarter co 5/1449, f4 1762c co 5/1449, f8 1762d co 5/1449, f35 1763a co 5/1449 , f3 2 1763b co 5/1449, f33 1763c co 5/1449, f34 1763d co 5/1449, f54 1764a co 5/1449, f51 1764b co 5/1449, f52 1764c co 5/1449, f53 1764d co 5/1449, f77 1765a co 5/1449, f73 1765b co 5/1449, f74 1765c co 5/1449, f76 1765d co 5/1450, f6 1766a co 5/1450, f3 1766b co 5/1450, f4 1766c CO 5/1450, f5 1766d co 5/1450, f24 1767a 1767b 1767c co 5/1450, f23 1767d co 5/1450, f34 1768a 1768b 1768c 1768d 1769a 1769b 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a 1771b CO 5/1350, f9 1771c T 1/481, fl ; CO 5/1350, flO 1111ct co 5/1350, f57 ; T 11488 , noo 258 uarter Re ferences Q 72a co 511350 , f58 17 1772b 1772c 72d T 1/4 98, f18v 17 1773a 1773b 1773c f6 CO 5/1352, fl36 ; T 1/506, 1773d CO 511352, f135; T 11506, f5v 1774a 1774b 1774c 74d T 1 /512, f198v 17 512, f199v 1775a T 1/ 1775b 1775c 1775d 259 TABLE 8 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM JAM ES RIV ER, UPPER DISTRICT References Quarter 1725a co 5/1442, f40 1725b co 5/1442, f40 1725c co 5/1442, f40; co 5/1442, f43 1725d co 5/1442, f40; co 5/1442, f43 1726a co 5/1442, f43 1726b co 5/1442, f43 1726c co 5/1442, f43 1726d co 13 5/1442, f51 1727a co 5/1442, f51 15 1727b co 5/1443, ni14; co 5/1443 , n9 1727c co 5/1443, f19 1727d co 5/1443, f19 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443, f37 1728d co 5/1443, f38 1729a 1729b 1729c co 5/1443, f44 1729d co 5/1443, f47 1730a co 5/1443, f55 1730b co 5/1443, f56 1730c co 5/1443, f60 1730d co 5/1443, f60 1731a CO 5/1443, f83v 1731b CO 5/1443, f83v 1731c CO 5/1443, f81 V 1731d CO 5/1442, f 51 covered 25 October 1726 to 25 April 1727. 13 14CO 5/1442, f 12 covered 25 April 1727 to 25 October 1727 1727 . CO 5/1443, fl 9 covered 29 September 1727 to 25 December 15 partially duplicating CO 5/1443 , fl2. ' 260 arter Referenc es Qu CO 5/1443 , f82v 1732a co 5/1443 , f90 1732b co 5/1443 , f91 1732c co 5/1443 , f92 1732d co 5/1443, f93 1733a CO 5/1443, fl 18v 1733b co 5/1443, fl 19 1733c 1733d 1734a CO 5/1443, fl28v 1734b co 5/1443, fl27 1734c 1734d 1735a 1735b CO 5/1446, f61 V 1735c CO 5/1446, f62v 1735d CO 5/1446, f63v 1736a 1736b CO 5/1446, f69v 1736c CO 5/1446, t70v 1736d CO 5/1446, f71 V 1737a CO 5/1446, t72v 1737b CO 5/1446, t73v 1737c CO 5/1446, t74v 1737d CO 5/1446, t75v 1738a CO 5/1446, t76v 1738b CO 5/1446 , t77v 1738c CO 5/1446, t78v 1738d CO 5/1446 , f79v 1739a CO 5/1446, f80v 1739b CO 5/1446, f81v 1739c CO 5/1446 , f82v 1739d CO 5/1446, f83v 1740a CO 5/1446, f84v 1740b CO 5/1446, f85v 1740c CO 5/1446, f86v 1740d CO 5/1446, f87v 1741a CO 5/1446 , f88v 1741b 261 Quarter References CO 5/1446 , f89v 1741c CO 5/1446, f90v 1741d CO 5/1446 , f9] V 1742a CO 5/1446 , f92v 1742b CO 5/1446, f93v; VHS Mss4V819a6 1742c CO 5/1446 , f94v; VHS Mss4V819a6 1742d CO 5/1446 , f95v ; VHS Mss4V819a6 1743a CO 5/1446 , f96v; VHS Mss4V819a6 1743b CO 5/1446, f97v; VHS Mss4V8 19a6 1743c CO 5/1446 , f98v ; VHS Mss4V8 19a6 1743d CO 5/1446, f99v ; VHS Mss4V819a6 1744a CO 5/1446 , fl00v ; VHS Mss4V819a6 1744b CO 5/1446, fl0l v; VHS Mss4V819a6 1744c CO 5/1446, f102v ; VHS Mss4V8 19a6 1744d CO 5/1446 , f103v ; VHS Mss4V8 19a6 1745a CO 5/1446, f104v; VHS Mss4V8 19a6 1745b CO 5/1446 , f105v ; VHS Mss4V819a6 1745c CO 5/1446 , f106v 1745d CO 5/1446, f107v 1746a CO 5/1446 , f108v 1746b CO 5/1446, f109v 1746c CO 5/1446 , fl l0v 1746d CO 5/1446 , fl llv 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a CO 5/1446 , fl 15v 1749b co 5/1446 , fl 17 1749c co 5/1446, fl 19 1749d co 5/1446, fl21 1750a CO 5/1446 , fl23 ; CO 5/1446, fl 28v 1750b CO 5/1446 , fl 25; CO 5/1446, f1 29v 1750c CO 5/1446 , fl 30v 1750d 262 References Quarter CO 5/1446, f13lv 1751a co 5/1446, f132 1751b co 5/1446, f136 1751c 1751d 1752a co 5/1446, f138 1752b co 5/1446, f140 1752c co 5/1446, f141 1752d co 5/1446 , f144 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d co 5/1447, f20 1754a CO 5/1447, f21 V 1754b co 5/1447, f22 1754c CO 5/1447, f23v 1754d co 5/1447, f41 1755a 1755b co 5/1447, f42 1755c CO 5/1447, f43v 1755d CO 5/1447, f59v 1756a co 5/1447, f60 1756b co 5/1447, f61 1756c CO 5/1447, 62v 1756d CO 5/1447 , f72v 1757a 1757b 1757c CO 5/1447, f73v 1757d CO 5/1447 , f98v 1758a co 5/1447 , f99 1758b co 5/1447 , noo 1758c CO 5/1447, fl0l v 1758d CO 5/1448, fl 8v 1759a 1759b 1759c CO 5/1448, f40v 1759d CO 5/1448, f37v 1760a CO 5/1448, f38v 1760b 263 References Quarter CO 5/1448 , f3 9v 1760c CO 5/1448 , f41 V 1760d CO 5/1448 , f64v 1761a CO 5/1448, f65v 1761b CO 5/1448 , f66v 1761c co 5/1448 , f67 1761d co 5/1449 , f24 1762a co 5/1449, f23 1762b co 5/1449, f22 1762c co 5/1449, f21 1762d CO 5/1449, f47v 1763a CO 5/1449, f48v 1763b CO 5/1449, f49v 1763c CO 5/1449, f50v 1763d CO 5/1449, f69v 1764a co 5/1449, nov 1764b CO 5/1449, nl V 1764c co 5/1449, n2v 1764d CO 5/1449, f94v 1765a CO 5/1449, f95v 1765b CO 5/1449, f96v 1765c CO 5/1449, f97v 1765d CO 5/1450, f21 v; CO 5/1450, f32v 1766a CO 5/1450, f20v ; CO 5/1450, f33v 1766b CO 5/1450, f22v 1766c 1766d 1767a 1767b 1767c 1767d CO 5/1450, f54v 1768a CO 5/1450, f55v 1768b CO 5/1450, f56v 1768c CO 5/1450, f57v 1768d CO 5/1450 , f68v 1769a CO 5/1450, f69v 1769b co 5/1450, nov 1769c CO 5/1450, nl V J769d 264 References ~ Quarter 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a 1b co 5/1349 , fl 97 177 c co 5/1 349 , fl98 1771 0, f55 v; T 1/488 , fl00v CO 5/ 1 35 1771d 1/488, fl02v 2a CO 5 11 350 , f56 v; T 177 1772b 1772c 72d T 1 /498, fl 7v 17 a T 1/4 98, f19 1773 1773b 1773c 1773d CO 511352 , f130v ; T 11506 , f13 v 1774a 1774b 1774c T 1/512, f201v 1774d T 1/512 , f200 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 265 TABLE 9 NOSLS OF ENTRAN CES INTO JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT References Quarter 1725a co 16 5/1442, f41 1725b co 5/1442, f41 17 1725c co 5/1442, f41; co 5/1442, f42 1725d co 5/1442, f41; co 5/1442, f42 1726a co 5/1442, f41; co 5/1442, f42 1726b co 5/1442, f42 18 1726c co 5/1442, f42; co 5/1442, f50 1726d co 5/1442, f50 19 1727a CO 5/1442, f50; CO 5/1443 , f13 1727b co 5/1443, f13 1727c co 5/1443 , f13; co 5/1443, f19 1727d co 5/1443 , f18 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443 , f37 1728d co 5/1443, f38 1729a 1729b 1729c co 5/1443 , f44 1729d CO 5/1443 , f47v 1730a CO 5/1443, f55v 1730b CO 5/1443 , f56v 1730c CO 5/1443 , f60v 1730d CO 5/1443, f60v 1731a co 5/1443 , f83 173 1b CO 5/1442, f41 covered 25 Apri l 1725 to 25 April 1726. 16 CO 5/1442, f42 covered 25 October 1725 to 25 October 1726 . ? 17 duplicat ing CO 5/1442 , f41. ' paitially CO 5/1442, f50 covered 25 October 1726 to 25 April 1727. 18 19CO 5/1443 , f13 covered 25 April 1727 to 15 October 1727 . 266 Quarter References 173 lc CO 5/1443 , f8 3 1731d CO 5/1443 , f81 1732a CO 5/1443 , f82 1732b CO 5/1443 , f90v 1732c CO 5/1443, f91v 1732d CO 5/1443 , f92v 1733a CO 5/1443 , f93 1733b CO 5/1443 , fl 18 1733c CO 5/1443 , f119v 1733d 1734a 1734b CO 5/1443 , f128 1734c CO 5/1443 , f127v 1734d 1735a 1735b co 5/1446, f61 1735c co 5/1446, f62 1735d co 5/1446, f63 1736a 1736b co 5/1446, f69 1736c co 5/1446 , t70 1736d co 5/1446 , t71 1737a co 5/1446, t72 1737b co 5/1446, t73 1737c co 5/1446, f74 1737d co 5/1446, t75 1738a co 5/1446 , t76 1738b co 5/1446 , t77 1738c co 5/1446, f78 1738d co 5/1446 , t79 1739a co 5/1446, f80 1739b co 5/1446, f81 1739c co 5/1446 , f82 1739d co 5/1446, f83 1740a co 5/1446, f84 1740b co 5/1446, f85 1740c 6, f86 1740d co 5/144 267 uarter Re ferences Q co 5/1446, f87 1741a co 5/1446, f88 1741b co 5/1446, f89 1741c co 5/1446 , f90 1741d co 5/1446 , f9 l 1742a co 5/1446, f92 1742b co 5/1446, f93 1742c co 5/1446, f94 1742d co 5/1446, f95 1743a co 5/1446, f96 1743b co 5/1446, t97 1743c co 5/1446, f98 1743d co 5/1446, f99 1744a co 5/1446 , noo 1744b CO 5/1446, fl0l 1744c co 5/1446, f102 1744d co 5/1446 , f103 1745a co 5/1446 , f104 1745b co 5/1446 , fl05 1745c co 5/1446, fl06 1745d co 5/1446, f107 1746a co 5/1446, f108 1746b co 5/1446, f109 1746c CO 5/1446, fl 10 1746d CO 5/1446, fl 11 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a co 5/1446 , f1]5 1749b co 5/1446 , fl16 1749c co 5/1446, fl 18 1749d co 5/1446, f120 1750a co 5/1446 , f122; co 5/1446, f128 1750b 268 Quarter References 1750c CO 5/1446, f124 ; CO 5/1446, f129 1750d CO 5/1446, f130 1751a CO 5/1446, f131 1751b CO 5/1446, f132 1751c CO 5/1446, f135 1751d 1752a 1752b CO 5/1446, f137 1752c CO 5/1446, f139 1752d CO 5/1446, fl42 1753a CO 5/1446, f143 1753b 1753c 1753d CO 5/1447 , f20v 1754a co 5/1447, f21 1754b CO 5/1447, f22v 1754c co 5/1447, t23 1754d CO 5/1447, f4lv 1755a 1755b CO 5/1447, f42v 1755c co 5/1447 , f43 1755d co 5/1447, f59 1756a CO 5/1447, f60v 1756b CO 5/1447, f61v 1756c co 5/1447 , f62 1756d co 5/1447 , t72 1757a 1757b 1757c co 5/1447 , t73 1757d co 5/1447, f98 1758a CO 5/1447 , f99v 1758b CO 5/1447 , fl00v 1758c co 5/1447 , f101 1758d co 5/1447, f18 1759a 1759b 1759c co 5/1448 , f40 1759d 269 References Quarter co 5/1448 , f37 1760a co 5/1448 , f3 8 1760b co 5/1448 , f39 1760c co 5/1448 , f41 1760d co 5/1448 , f64 1761a co 5/1448 , f65 1761b co 5/1448 , f66 1761c CO 5/1448 , f67 v 1761d CO 5/1449, f24v 1762a CO 5/1449, f23v 1762b CO 5/1449, f22v 1762c CO 5/1449 , f2} V 1762d co 5/1449, f47 1763a co 5/1449, f48 1763b co 5/1449, f49 1763c co 5/1449, f50 1763d co 5/1449, f69 1764a co 5/1449, t70 1764b co 5/1449, t71 1764c co 5/1449, t72 1764d co 5/1449 , f94 1765a co 5/1449, f95 1765b co 5/1449, f96 1765c co 5/1449, f97 1765d co 5/1450, f21 ; co 5/1450, f32 1766a co 5/1450, f20 ; co 5/1450, f33 1766b co 5/1450, f22 1766c 1766d 1767a 1767b 1767c 1767d co 5/1450 , f54 1768a co 5/1450, f55 1768b co 5/1450, f56 1768c co 5/1450, f57 1768d co 5/1450, f68 1769a co 5/1450, f69 1769b co 5/1450, t70 1769c 270 er Referen ces = Quart co 511450 , f71 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a CO 511349, f197v 1771b 349, fl98v ; T 1/4 84, f55 771c CO 5/1 1 0, f55 ; T 11488 , f 101 O 5/135 1771d C CO 511350 , f56 ; T 11488 , f102 1772a 1772b 1772c 11498, f17 1772d T 11498, f19v 1773a T 1773b 1773c 1773d 11506 , fl3 4a CO 5 /1352, f130 ; T 177 1774b 1774c T 1/512, f201 1774d T 11512, f200v 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 271 TABLE 10 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM YORK RIVER DISTRIC T References Quarter 1725a CO S/1442, f23 1725b CO S/1442 , f23 1725c CO S/1442, f23 1725d CO S/1442, f23 1726a CO S/1442, f25 1726b CO S/1442, f25 1726c CO S/1442, ff57 and 58 1726d CO 5/1442, ff57 and 58 1727a co 5/1443, f12 1727b co 5/1443, f12 1727c co 5/1443, f20 1727d CO S/1443, f20 1728a 1728b 1728c CO S/1443, f35v 1728d CO 5/1443, f35v 1729a 1729b 1729c 1729d 1730a CO S/1443, f68 1730b co 5/1443, f68 1730c CO S/1443, f68 1730d CO S/1443, f68 1731a 1731b CO S/1443, f79 1731c CO S/1443, t79 1731d CO S/1443 , f79 1732a CO S/1443, t79 1732b CO S/1443, f102 1732c co 5/1443, f102 1732d co 5/1443, f102 1733a CO S/1443, f102 1733b co 5/1443, fl 13 1733c 272 References Quarter co 5/1443 , fl 12 1733d co 5/1443, f11 2 1734a 1734b co 5/1443 , f134 1734c CO 5/1443 , f134v 1734d CO 5/1443 , f134v 1735a co 5/1443 , f1 35 1735b CO 5/1444, fl V 1735c co 5/1444, f2y 1735d CO 5/1444, f3v 1736a CO 5/1444, f4v 1736b CO 5/1444, f5v ; CO 5/1444 , f6v 1736c co 5/1444, f7y 1736d co 5/1444, f7y 1737a co 5/1444, f7y 1737b CO 5/1444, f8v 1737c CO 5/1444, f8v 1737d CO 5/1444, f9v 1738a CO 5/1444 , f9v 1738b CO 5/1444, flOv 1738c co 5/1444, nov 1738d CO 5/1444, fllv 1739a CO 5/1444, fl 1V 1739b CO 5/1444, fl2v 1739c CO 5/1444, fl2v 1739d CO 5/1444, f13v 1740a CO 5/1444 , fl3v 1740b CO 5/1444, fl4v 1740c CO 5/1444, f14v 1740d CO 5/1444 , f15v 1741a CO 5/1444, fl5v 1741b CO 5/1444, f16v 1741c CO 5/1444, fl6v 1741d CO 5/1444, fl 7v 1742a CO 5/1444, fl 7v 1742b CO 5/1444, f18v 1742c CO 5/1444, fl8v 1742d CO 5/1444, f19v 1743a CO 5/1444, f20v 1743b 273 References Quarter CO 5/1444, f2 lv 1743c CO 5/1444, f22v 1743d CO 5/1444, f22v 1744a CO 5/1444, f23v 1744b CO 5/1444, f24v 1744c CO 5/1444, f24v 1744d CO 5/1444, f25v 1745a CO 5/1444, f25v 1745b CO 5/1444, f26v 1745c CO 5/1444, f27v 1745d CO 5/1444 , f28v 1746a 1746b CO 5/1444 , f29v 1746c CO 5/1444, f29v 1746d 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d CO 5/1444, f31 V 1749a CO 5/1444, f3 l V 1749b CO 5/1444, f32v 1749c CO 5/1444, f32v 1749d CO 5/1444, f35v 1750a CO 5/1444, f35v 1750b co 5/1444, f37 1750c co 5/1444 , f37 1750d co 5/1444, f39 1751a co 5/1444, f39 1751b CO 5/1444, f42v 1751c CO 5/1444, f42v 1751d CO 5/1444, f43v 1752a CO 5/1444, f44v 1752b CO 5/1444 , f45v 1752c CO 5/1444, f46v 1752d 274 References Quarter CO 5/1 447 , f47v 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a co 5/1 447 , f7 1754b co 5/1447 , f7 1754c co 5/1447 , f9 1754d co 5/1447 , f9 1755a co 5/1447 , f29 1755b co 5/1447 , f29 1755c co 5/1447 , f31 1755d co 5/1447, f31 1756a co 5/1447 , f51 1756b co 5/1447, f51 1756c Co 5/1447 , f49 1756d co 5/1447, f49 1757a 1757b 1757c 1757d 1758a CO 5/1447, f84 1758b CO 5/1447 , f84 1758c CO 5/1447 , f82 1758d CO 5/1447 , f82 1759a 1759b co 5/1448 , f7 1759c co 5/1448 , f7 1759d 1760a 1760b 1760c 1760d co 5/1448 , f51 1761a co 5/1448 , f51 1761b co 5/1448 , f49 1761c co 5/1449, f49 1761d co 5/1449, f1 3 1762a co 5/1449 , f1 3 1762b 275 Refere nces Quarter CO S/1449 , fl 1 1762c CO S/1449 , fl 1 1762d 1763a 1763b co 5/1449, f37 1763c co 5/1449, f37 1763d CO Sil 449, f58 1764a co 5/1449, f58 1764b co 5/1449, f56 1764c co 5/1449, f56 1764d co 5/1449, f79 1765a co 5/1449, f79 1765b 1765c 1765d 1766a 1766b CO 5/14S0, f8 1766c co 5/1450, f8 1766d 1767a 1767b CO 5/14S0, f26 1767c CO S/1450, f26 1767d CO S!14S0, f38 1768a CO S/1450, f38 1768b CO S/1450, f36 1768c CO S!1450 , f36 1768d co 5/1450, f59 1769a 1769b 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a CO S/1349, f206 1771 b CO 5/1349, f206 1771c CO 5/1350, fSO ; T 1/481, f2 1771d CO S/1350 , f50; T 1/481 , f2 276 uarter Refe rences Q 1772a 1772b 1772c 1772d 1773a 1773b 1773c f129 ; T 11506 , ffl a nd 2 511352 , 1773d CO f129 ; T 1/506, ff1 and 2 CO 511352 ,1774a 1774b 1774c 1774d 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 277 TABLE 11 NOSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT Quarter References 1725a co 5/1442, t12 1725b co 5/1442, f22 1725c co 5/1442, f22 1725d co 5/1442, f22 1726a co 5/1442, f24 1726b co 5/1442, f24 1726c CO 5/1442, ff55 and 56 1726d CO 5/1442, ff55 and 56 1727a co 5/1443, fl 1 1727b co 5/1443 , fl 1 1727c 1727d 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443, f35 1728d co 5/1443, f35 1729a 1729b 1729c 1729d 1730a co 5/1443 , f51 1730b co 5/1443, f51 1730c co 5/1443, f51 1730d co 5/1443, f51 1731a 1731b co 5/ 1443 , f80 1731c co 5/1443 , f80 1731d co 5/1443 , f80 1732a co 5/1443, f80 1732b co 5/1443 , f103 1732c co 5/1443, fl 03 1732d co 5/1443, fl03 1733a co 5/1443 , f103 1733b co 5/1443 , fl 10 1733c 278 Quarter Re ferences co 5/1443, fl 10 1733d CO 5/1443 , fl 11 1734a 1734b co 5/1443 , f136 1734c co 5/1443 , f136 1734d CO 5/1443 , f136v 1735a co 5/1443 , f137 1735b co 5/1444 , fl 1735c co 5/1444 , f2 1735d co 5/1444, f3 1736a co 5/1444, f4 1736b co 5/1444 , f5 ; co 5/1444 , f6 1736c co 5/1444 , f6 1736d co 5/1444 , f6 1737a co 5/1444, f7 1737b co 5/1444, f7 1737c co 5/1444 , f8 1737d co 5/1444, f8 1738a co 5/1444, f9 1738b co 5/1444 , f9 1738c co 5/1444, no 1738d co 5/1444 , no 1739a co 5/1444 , fl2 1739b co 5/1444, fl 1 1739c co 5/1444, fl 1 1739d co 5/1444, fl 1 1740a co 5/1444, f13 1740b co 5/1444, f13 1740c co 5/1444 , f14 1740d co 5/1444, f14 1741a co 5/1444, f15 1741b co 5/1444 , f16 1741c co 5/1444 , fl6 1741d co 5/1444, f17 1742a co 5/1444, f18 1742b co 5/1444 , f19 1742c co 5/1444 , f20 1742d co 5/1444 , f20 1743a co 5/1444, f21 1743b --- 279 References Quarter co 5/1444, t22 1743c co 5/1444, t22 1743d co 5/1 444, t23 1744a co 5/1 444 , t24 1744b co 5/1444 , t24 1744c co 5/1444, t25 1744d co 5/1444, t25 1745a co 5/1444, t26 1745b co 5/1444, t27 1745c co 5/1444, t28 1745d co 5/1444, t28 1746a 1746b co 5/1444, t29 1746c co 5/1444, t29 1746d 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d co 5/1444 , f31 1749a co 5/1444, f31 1749b co 5/1444, f32 1749c co 5/1444, f32 1749d co 5/1444, f35 1750a co 5/1444, f3 5 1750b co 5/1444, f36 1750c co 5/1444 , f36 1750d co 5/1444, f38 1751a co 5/1444, f38 1751b co 5/1444, f42 1751c co 5/1444, f42 1751d co 5/1444, f43 1752a co 5/1444, f44 1752b co 5/1444 , f45 1752c co 5/1444, f46 1752d 280 References Quarter co 5/1444, f47 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a co 5/1447 , f6 1754b co 5/1447 , f6 1754c co 5/1447 , f8 1754d co 5/1447 , f8 1755a co 5/1447 , f28 1755b co 5/1447, f28 1755c co 5/1447, f30 1755d co 5/1447 , f30 1756a co 5/1447 , f48 1756b co 5/1447 , f50 1756c co 5/1447 , f50 1756d 1757a 1757b 1757c 1757d 1758a CO 5/1447 , f83 1758b CO 5/1447 , f83 1758c CO 5/1447 , f81 1758d C05/1447 , f81 1759a 1759b co 5/1448 , f6 1759c co 5/1448, f6 1759d co 5/1448 , f25 1760a co 5/1448, f25 1760b co 5/1448 , f24 1760c co 5/1448 , f24 1760d co 5/1448 , f50 1761a co 5/1448 , f50 1761b co 5/1448 , f48 1761c co 5/1448 , f48 1761d co 5/1449 , fl 2 1762a co 5/1449, f12 1762b 28 1 Quarter References 1762c CO 5/1449, flO 1762d CO 5/1449, flO 1763a 1763b 1763c co 5/1449, f36 1763d co 5/1449 , f3 6 1764a co 5/1449, f57 1764b co 5/1449 , f57 1764c co 5/1449, f55 1764d co 5/1449, f55 1765a co 5/1449 , f78 1765b co 5/1449 , f78 1765c 1765d 1766a 1766b 1766c co 5/1450, f7 1766d co 5/1450, f7 1767a 1767b 1767c co 5/1450, f25 1767d co 5/1450, f25 1768a co 5/1450, f37 1768b co 5/1450, f37 1768c co 5/1450, f35 1768d co 5/1450, f35 1769a co 5/1450 , f35 1769b co 5/1450, f35 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a co 5/1349 , f205 1771b CO SI 1349 , f205 1771c co 5/ 1350, f49 1771d co 5/1350, f49 282 Referenc es Quarter 1772a 1772b 1772c 1772d 1773a 1773b 1773c fl 1 and 12 CO 511352 , fl28; T 11506 , f 1773d 28 ; T 11506, ffl 1 a nd 12 CO 511 352 , f1 1774a 1774b 1774c 1774d 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 283 TABLE12 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DIS TRICT References Quarter 1725a co 5/1442, f7 1725b co 5/ 1442, no 1725c 20 co 5/1442, fl 1 1725d co 5/1442, f12 1726a co 5/1442, t29 1726b co 5/1442, t28 1726c 1726d 2 1 co 5/1442, f53 22 1727a co 5/1442, f53; co 5/1443, f16 1727b co 5/1443 , f16 23 1727c co 5/1443, f16; co 5/1443, f32 1727d co 5/1443, f32 1728a co 5/1443, f32 1728b 1728c 24 co 5/1443 , f33 1728d co 5/1443, f33 1729a co 5/1443 , f33 1729b 1729c 1729d 1730a 25 co 5/1443 ' f53 1730b co 5/1443 , f53 1730c Mislabeled as "???," but clearly were clearances. 20 CO 5/1442, f 53 covered 3 March 1727 to 25 Apri l 1727. 2 1 CO 5/1443, f16 covered 25 April 1727 to 25 October 1727 . 22 CO 5/1443, f32 covered 25 October 1727 to 25 April 1728 . 23 CO 5/1443, f33 covered 25 October 1728 to 25 Apri l 1729. 24 CO 5/1443, f53 covered 25 April 1730 to 25 October 1730 . 25 284 References Quarter 26 co 5/1443 , f53 ; c o 5/1443 , f62 1730d co 5/1443 , f62 27 1731a co 5/1443, f62; co 5/1443 , f98 1731b co 5/1443 , f62 ; co 5/1443 , f98 1731c co5/1443, f62 ; co 5/1443, f98; co 1731d 28 5/1443 ' t73 co 5/1443 , t73 1732a co 5/1443 , t73 1732b c 29 1732 co 5/1443 , f102 1732d co 5/1443 , f102 30 1733a co 5/1443, f102; co 5/1443 , nos 1733b co 5/1443, nos 1733c co 5/1443, f108 1733d 1734a 1734b 1734c 1734d 1735a co 5/1444, t78 1735b co 5/1444 , t79 1735c co 5/1444, f80 1735d co 5/1444, f80 1736a co 5/1444, f80 1736b co 5/1444, f81 1736c co 5/1444, f82 1736d co 5/1444, f82 1737a co 5/1442, f83 1737b co 5/1442, f84 1737c CO 5/1443, f62 covered 25 October 1730 to 25 October 1731. 26 CO 5/1443, f89 covered 25 April 1731 to 25 October 1731 . 27 CO 5/1443, t73 covered 25 October 1731 to 25 April 1732. 28 CO 5/1443, fl02 covered 25 October 1732 to 25 Apri l 1733 . 29 ?CO 5/1443, f108 covered 25 April 1733 to 25 October 1733 . 3 285 References Quarter co 5/1442, f85 1737d co 5/1 444 , f85 1738a co 5/1 444 , f85 1738b co 5/1444, f86 1738c co 5/1444, f87 1738d co 5/1444, f87 1739a co 5/1444, f87 1739b co 5/1444, f88 1739c co 5/1444, f89 1739d co 5/1444, f89 1740a co 5/1444, f89 1740b co 5/1444, f90 1740c co 5/1444, f91 1740d co 5/1444, f91 1741a co 5/1444, f92 1741b co 5/1444, f93 1741c co 5/1444, f94 1741d co 5/1444, f94 1742a co 5/1444, f95 1742b co 5/1444, f96 1742c co 5/1444, f97 1742d co 5/1444 , f97 1743a co 5/1444, f98 1743b co 5/1444, f98 1743c co 5/1444, f99 1743d co 5/1444, f]00 1744a co 5/1444, f]00 1744b CO 5/1444, flOl 1744c co 5/1444, fl 02 1744d co 5/1444 , f]02 1745a co 5/1444, f]03 1745b co 5/1444, f]03 1745c co 5/1444, f104 1745d co 5/1444, f104 1746a CO 5/1444, f106v 1746b CO 5/1444, f106v 1746c CO 5/1444, f107 v 1746d CO 5/1444, f107 v 1747a 286 References Quarter 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a CO 5/1444, fl08 v 1749b CO 5/1444, fl08v 1749c co 5/1444, fl 11 1749d co 5/1444, fl 11 1750a CO 5/1444, fl 13v; CO 5/1444 , fl 15v 1750b CO 5/1444, fl 13v; CO 5/1 444 , fl 15v 1750c CO 5/1444, fl 16v 1750d CO 5/1444, fl 16v 1751a CO 5/1444, f117v 1751b CO 5/1444, fl 17v 1751c CO 5/1444, fl 19v ; CO 5/1444, f120v 1751d CO 5/1444, fl20v ; CO 5/1444, fl21A v 1752a co 5/1444, fl22 1752b co 5/1444, fl22 1752c CO 5/1444, f123v 1752d CO 5/1444, fl23v 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a co 5/1447, f14 1754b co 5/1447 , f14 1754c CO 5/1447 , fl5v 1754d co 5/1447 , f15 1755a co 5/1447 , f36 1755b co 5/1447 , f36 1755c co 5/1447 , f37 1755d co 5/1447 , f37 1756a 1756b 1756c CO 5/1447 , f56v 1756d --- 287 References Quarter CO 5/1447, f56v 1757a 1757b 1757c co 5/1447, f67 1757d CO 5/1447, f95v 1758a CO 5/1447, f89v 1758b co 5/1447 , f90 1758c CO 5/1447, f94v 1758d CO 5/1447, f94v 1759a 1759b 1759c co 5/1448, nov 1759d co 5/1448, nov 1760a CO 5/1448 , f28v 1760b CO 5/1448, f28v 1760c CO 5/1448, f29v 1760d CO 5/1448, f29v 1761a co 5/1448, f56 1761b co 5/1448, f57 1761c co 5/1448, f58 1761d co 5/1448, f58 1762a co 5/1449, f19 1762b co 5/1449, f19 1762c CO 5/1449, f20v 1762d CO 5/1449, f20v 1763a CO 5/1449, f42v 1763b CO 5/1449, f42v 1763c CO 5/1449, f43v 1763d CO 5/1449, f43v 1764a CO 5/1449, f63v 1764b CO 5/1449, f63v 1764c CO 5/1449, f64v 1764d CO 5/1449, f64v 1765a co 5/1449, f85 1765b co 5/1449, f85 1765c CO 5/1449, f86v 1765d CO 5/1449, f86v 1766a CO 5/1450 , f13v 1766b - - 288 References Quarter CO 5/1450, f13v 1766c CO 5/1450, fl4v 1766d CO 5/1450, f14v 1767a 1767b 1767c CO 5/1450, f28v 1767d CO 5/1450, f28v 1768a co 5/1450, f43 1768b co 5/1450 , f43 1768c co 5/1450 , f45 1768d co 5/1450 , f45 1769a co 5/1450, f61 1769b co 5/1450 , f61 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a co 5/1349, f201 1771b co 511349, f201 1771c co 5/1350, f54 1771d co 5/1350, f54 1772a 1772b 1772c 1772d 1773a 1773b CO 5/1352, f132; T 1/506, f!O 1773c co 5/1352 , f132; T 11506, no 1773d 1774a 1774b 1774c T 1/512, f207 1774d T 1/512, f207 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 289 ences Quarter Refer 290 TABLE 13 NOSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO RAPPAHA NNOCK DISTRICT References Quarter 1725a co 5/1442, f7 1725b co 5/1442, f9 1725c CO 5/1442, fl 1 1725d co 5/1442, [13 1726a co 5/1442, f29 1726b co 5/1442, f28 1726c 1726d co 31 5/1442, f54 32 1727a co 5/1442, f54; co 5/1443, f15 1727b co 5/1443 , [15 3 1727c co 5/1443 , n5; co 5/1443, f3 l 3 1727d co 5/1443 , f3 l 1728a co 5/1443 , f31 1728b 1728c 34 co 5/1443 , f34 1728d co 5/1443 , f34 1729a co 5/1443 , f34 1729b 1729c co 35 5/1443, f46 1729d co 5/1443 , f46 36 1730a co 5/1443, f46; co 5/1443, f52 1730b co 5/1443, f52 1730c " CO 5/1442, f54 covered 3 March 1727 to 25 April I 727 CO 5/1443 , f!5 covered 25 April 1727 tp 25 October 1727. 32 CO 5/1443 , f31 covered 25 October 1727 to 25 April 1728 33 " CO 5 /144 3 , f34 covered 25 October I 728 to 25 April 1729. " CO 5/1443, f46 covered 25 October J729 to 25 April 1730 . "CO 511 44 3, f52 covered 25 Apri I 1730 to 25 October 17 30. 291 References Quarter 37 co 5/1443 , f52; co 5/1443, f63 1730d co 5/1443 , f63 38 1731a co 5/1443, f63 ; co 5/1443 , f88 1731b co 5/1443, f88 39 1731c co 5/1443, f88; co 5/1443 , f74 1731d co 5/1443, f74 1732a co 5/1443, f74 1732b 1732c 40 co 5/1443, f101 1732d CO 5/1443, fl0l 4 1 1733a CO 5/1443, fl0l; CO 5/1443, fl09 1733b co 511443, fl 09 1733c co 5/1443, fl 09 1733d 1734a 1734b 1734c 1734d 1735a co 5/1444, f48 1735b co 5/1444, f49 1735c co 5/1444, f49 1735d co 5/1444, f50 1736a co 5/1444 , f51 1736b co 5/1444, f52 1736c co 5/1444, f52 1736d co 5/1444 , f52 1737a co 5/1444 , f53 1737b co 5/1444, f54 1737c CO 5/1443, f63 covered 25 October 1730 to 25 April 1731. 37 CO 5/1443, f88 covered 25 April 173lto 25 October 1732. Dates 38 mislabeled as ??? . CO 5/1443, f74 covered 25 October 1731 to 25 April 1732. 39 ?CO 5/1443 , fl0l covered 25 October 1732 to 25 April 1733 . 4 CO 5/1443, fl09 covered 25 April 1733 to 25 October 1733. 4 1 292 Quarter Ref-erences 1737d co 5/1444, f54 1738a co 5/1444, f54 1738b co 5/1444, f55 1738c co 5/1444, f56 1738d co 5/1444, f56 1739a co 5/1444, f56 1739b co 5/1444 , f57 1739c co 5/ 1444 , f58 1739d co 5/1444, f58 1740a co 5/1444, f58 1740b co 5/1444, f59 1740c co 5/1444 , f60 1740d co 5/1444, f61 1741a co 5/1444 , f62 1741b co 5/1444, f63 1741c co 5/1444, f64 1741d co 5/1444, f65 1742a co 5/1444, f66 1742b co 5/1444, f67 1742c co 5/1444, f68 1742d co 5/1444, f69 1743a co 5/1444, f69 1743b co 5/1444, t70 1743c co 5/1444, t71 1743d co 5/1444, f72 1744a co 5/1444 , t72 1744b co 5/1444 , t-73 1744c co 5/1444, t-73 1744d co 5/1444, t74 1745a co 5/1444, t74 1745b co 5/1444, t75 J745c co 5/1444, t76 1745d co 5/1444 , t77 1746a co 5/1444 , t77 1746b co 5/1444, f106 1746c co 5/1444, f106 1746d co 5/1444, f107 1747a co 5/1444 , fl07 293 References Quarter 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a co 5/1444 , f]08 1749b co 5/1444, f]08 1749c co 5/1444, fl 11 1749d CO 5/1444, flll 1750a co 5/1444, fl1 3; co 5/1444, f115 1750b co 5/1444 , fl 13 ; co 5/1444 , fl 15 1750c co 5/1444, fl 16 1750d co 5/1444, fl 16 1751a co 5/1444, fl 17 1751b co 5/1444, fl 17 1751c co 5/1444, fl 19; co 5/1444, fl 20 1751d CO 5/1444, f120 ; CO 5/1444, f1 21A 1752a CO 5/1444, f122v 1752b CO 5/1444, fl22v 1752c co 5/1444, f123 1752d co 5/1444, f123 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a CO 5/1447 , fl4v 1754b CO 5/1447 , f14v 1754c co 5/1447, f15 1754d co 5/1447 , f15 1755a co 5/1447 , f15 1755b CO 5/1447 , f36v 1755c CO 5/1447 , f36v 1755d CO 5/1447 , f37 v 1756a CO 5/1447 , f37v 1756b 1756c 294 References Quarter co 5/1447 , f56 1756d co 5/1447, f56 1757a 1757b 1757c CO 5/1447 , f67v 1757d co 5/1447, f95 1758a co 5/1447, f89 1758b co 5/1447 , f90 1758c co 5/1447 , f94 1758d co 5/1447, f94 1759a 1759b 1759c co 5/1448, no 1759d co 5/1448 , no 1760a co 5/1448 , t28 1760b co 5/1448 , f28 1760c co 5/1448 , t29 1760d co 5/1448 , t29 1761a co 5/1448 , f56 1761b co 5/1448 , f57 1761c co 5/1448 , f60 1761d co 5/1448 , f60 1762a co 5/1449, ns 1762b co 5/1449, ns 1762c co 5/1449 , t20 1762d co 5/1449, t20 1763a co 5/1449, f42 1763b co 5/1449, f42 1763c co 5/1449, f43 1763d co 5/1449, f43 1764a co 5/1449, f63 1764b co 5/1449 , f63 1764c co 5/1449, f64 1764d co 5/1449 , f64 1765a co 5/1449, f84 1765b co 5/1449, f84 1765c co 5/1449, f86 1765d co 5/1449 , f85 1766a co 5/1450, n3 1766b 295 References Quarter co 5/1450, f1 3 1766c co 5/1450, f14 1766d co 5/1450, f14 1767a 1767b 1767c co 5/1450, n8 1767d co 5/1450, n8 1768a co 5/1450, f42 1768b co 5/1450, f42 1768c co 5/1450, f44 1768d co 5/1450, f44 1769a co 5/1450, f60 1769b co 5/1450, f60 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a co 5/1349, noo 1771b co 5/1349 , noo 1771c CO 5/1350, f53 ; T 1/482 , n39 1771d CO 5/1350, f53 ; T 1/482, n39 1772a 1772b 1772c T 1/494 , fl 1772d T 1/494 , fl 1773a 1773b 1773c CO 5/1352, f131 ; T 1/506, f9 1773d CO 5/1352, fl31 ; T 1/506 , f9 1774a 1774b 1774c T 11s12 , nos 1774d T 11s12 , nos 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 296 ces Quarter Referen 297 TABLE 14 SLS OF CLEA RAN CES FROM SOUTH P OTOMAC DISTRICT NO References Quarter 1725a co 5/1442, fl 7 1725b co 5/1442, f16 1725c co 5/1442, f15 1725d co 5/1442, f14 1726a co 5/1442, f27 1726b co 5/1442, f26 1726c co 5/1442, f44 1726d co 5/1442 , f45 1727a co 5/1443, no 1727b co 5/1443 , f9 1727c co 5/1443 , f29 1727d co 5/1443, f30 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443, f39 1728d co 5/1443, f40 1729a 1729b 1729c 1729d co 5/1443 , f54 1730a co 5/1443, f57 1730b co 5/1443, f58 1730c co 5/1443, f64 1730d co 5/1443, f67 1731a co 5/1443 , f70 1731b co 5/1443, f71 1731c co 5/1443, f72 1731d 1732a 1732b 1732c co 5/1443 , f97 1732d co 5/1443 , f96 1733a co 5/1443 , f104 1733b co 5/1443 , f105 1733c 298 Quarter Re ferences co 5/1443, f106 1733d co 5/1443, f107 1734a co 5/1443, f1 29 1734b co 5/1443 , f1 30 1734c co 5/1443, f1 31 1734d co 5/1443 , fl 32 1735a 1735b 1735c co 5/1445 , fl 1735d co 5/1445 , f2 1736a co 5/1445 , f3 1736b co 5/1443 , f4 1736c co 5/1445 , f5 1736d co 5/1445, f6 1737a co 5/1445 , fl 1737b co 5/1445 , f8 1737c co 5/1445 , f9 1737d co 5/1445 , no 1738a co 5/1445 , fl 1 1738b co 5/1445 , f12 1738c co 5/1445 , f1 3 1738d co 5/1445 , f14 1739a co 5/1445 , f15 1739b co 5/1445, f16 1739c co 5/1445 , fl 7 1739d CO 5/1445 , f18v 1740a co 5/1445 , f19 1740b co 5/1445 , f20 1740c co 5/1445 , f21 1740d co 5/1445 , f22 1741a co 5/1445 , f23 1741b co 5/1445 , f24 1741c co 5/1445, t25 1741d co 5/1445 , f26 1742a co 5/1445 , f27 1742b co 5/1445 , f28 1742c co 5/1445 , f29 1742d co 5/1445 , f30 1743a co 5/1445 , f31 1743b 299 References Quarter co 5/1455 , f32 1743c co 5/1445 , f33 1743d co 5/1445 , f34 1744a co 5/1445 , f35 1744b co 5/1445 , f36 1744c co 5/1445 , f37 1744d co 5/1445 , f3 8 1745a co 5/1445 , f3 9 1745b co 5/1445, f40 1745c co 5/1445 , f41 1745d co 5/1445 , f42 1746a co 5/1445 , f43 1746b co 5/1445 , f44 1746c co 5/1445 , f45 1746d co 5/1445 , f47 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a CO 5/1445, f48v 1749b co 5/1445 , f49 1749c co 5/1445 , f50 1749d co 5/1445 , f53 1750a co 5/1445 , f54 1750b co 5/1445, f55 1750c co 5/1445 , f56 1750d co 5/1445 , f57 1751a co 5/1445, f58 1751b co 5/1445 , f59 1751c co 5/1445 , f60 1751d co 5/1445 , f61 1752a co 5/1445 , f62 1752b co 5/1445 , f63 1752c CO 5/1445 , ff64 and 65 1752d 300 References Quarter co 5/1445 , f66 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d co 5/1447, no 1754a CO 5/1447, fll 1754b co 5/1447 , f12 1754c co 5/1447, f13 1754d co 5/1447 , f32 1755a co 5/1447 , f33 1755b co 5/1447, f34 1755c co 5/1447, f35 1755d co 5/1447, f52 1756a co 5/1447, f54 1756b co 5/1447 , f53 1756c co 5/1447, f55 1756d co 5/1447, f65 1757a 1757b 1757c co 5/1447, f66 1757d co 5/1447 , f85 1758a co 5/1447 , f86 1758b co 5/1447 , f87 1758c co 5/1447, f88 1758d co 5/1448, f8 1759a 1759b 1759c co 5/1448 , f9 1759d co 5/1448 , f26 1760a 1760b 1760c co 5/1448 , f27 1760d co 5/1448, f52 1761a co 5/1448 , f53 1761b co 5/1448, f54 1761c co 5/1448, f55 1761d co 5/1449, f14 1762a co 5/1449, f15 1762b 301 erences Quarter R ef co 5/1449, f16 1762c co 5/1449, fl 7 1762d co 5/1449, f38 1763a co 5/1449, f39 1763b co 5/1449 , f40 1763c co 5/1449 , f41 1763d co 5/1449, f59 1764a co 5/1449, f60 1764b co 5/1449, f61 1764c co 5/1449, f62 1764d co 5/1449, f80 1765a co 5/1449, f81 1765b co 5/1449, f82 1765c co 5/1449, f83 1765d co 5/1450, f9 1766a co 5/1450, no 1766b CO 5/1450, fl 1 1766c co 5/1450, f12 1766d co 5/1450, f27 1767a 1767b 1767c 1767d 1768a CO 5/1450, f39 1768b CO 5/1450, f40 1768c CO 5/1450, f41 1768d 1769a 1769b 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a 1771b CO 5/1349 , f207 1771c CO 5/1349, f208 1771d CO 5/1350, f51 ------ 302 arter Refere nces = Qu f52 ; T 11488 , f103 1772a CO 511350 , 1772b 1772c 772d T 11 498, f16 1 1773a 1773b 1773c 6, f8 CO 5113 52, fl32; T 1/50 1773d 1560, f7 4a CO 51 1352, f133 ; T 1 177 1774b 1774c d T 1151 2, f196 1774 775a T 1 1512 , f197 1 1775b 1775c 1775d 303 TABLE 15 NOSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO SOUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT erences Quarter Ref 1725a co 5/1442, f17 1725b co 5/1442, f16 1725c co 5/1442, fl5 1725d co 5/1442, f14 1726a co 5/1442, f27 1726b co 5/1442, t26 1726c co 5/1442, f44 1726d co 5/1442, f45 1727a co 5/1443 , no 1727b co 5/1443 , f9 1727c co 5/1443 , f29 1727d co 5/1443 , f30 1728a 1728b 1728c CO 5/1443, f39 1728d co 5/1443 , f40 1729a 1729b 1729c 1729d 1730a co 5/1443, f54 1730b co 5/1443, f57 1730c co 5/1443, f59 1730d co 5/1443 , f64 1731a co 5/1443, f69 1731b co 5/1443, no 1731c co 5/1443, n1 1731d co 5/1443, n2 1732a 1732b 1732c co 5/1443, f97 1732d co 5/1443 , f96 1733a co 5/1443 , f104 1733b co 5/1443 , f}05 1733c 304 References Quarter co 5/1443, f106 1733d co 5/1443 , f107 1734a co 5/1443, f129 1734b co 5/1443, fl 30 1734c co 5/1443 , f131 1734d co 5/1443 , f132 1735a 1735b 1735c co 5/1445 , fl 1735d co 5/1445, f2 1736a co 5/1445 , f3 1736b co 5/1445, f4 1736c co 5/1445, f5 1736d co 5/1445 , f6 1737a co 5/1445, f7 1737b co 5/1445 , f8 1737c co 5/1445, f9 1737d co 5/1445 , no 1738a CO 5/1445, fl 1 1738b co 5/1445 , f12 1738c co 5/1445, f13 1738d co 5/1445, f14 1739a co 5/1445, f15 1739b co 5/1445 , f16 1739c co 5/1445, fl 7 1739d co 5/1445 , f18 1740a co 5/1445 , f19 1740b co 5/1445 , f20 1740c co 5/1445, f21 1740d co 5/1445, f22 1741a co 5/1445, f23 1741b co 5/1445, f24 1741c co 5/1445 , f25 1741d co 5/1445, f26 1742a co 5/1445 , f27 1742b co 5/1445 , f28 1742c co 5/1445 , f29 1742d co 5/1445 , f30 1743a co 5/1445 , f31 1743b 305 References Quarter co 5/1445 , f32 1743c co 5/1445, f33 1743d co 5/1445 , f34 1744a co 5/1445 , f35 1744b co 5/1445 , f36 1744c co 5/1445 , f37 1744d co 5/1445 , f38 1745a co 5/1445 , f39 1745b co 5/1445 , f40 1745c co 5/1445, f41 1745d co 5/1445 , f42 1746a co 5/1445 , f43 1746b co 5/1445, f44 1746c co 5/1445 , f45 1746d co 5/1445, f47 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a co 5/1445 , f48 1749b co 5/1445, f49 1749c co 5/1445 , f50 1749d co 5/1445 , f53 1750a co 5/1445, f54 1750b co 5/1445, f55 1750c co 5/1445, f56 1750d co 5/1445, f57 1751a co 5/1445, f58 1751b co 5/1445, f59 1751c co 5/1445 , f60 1751d co 5/1445, f61 1752a co 5/1445, f62 1752b co 5/1445, f63 1752c CO 5/1445, ff64 and 65 1752d 306 References Quarter co 5/1445 , f66 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d co 5/1447 , no 1754a co 5/1447 , fl 1 1754b co 5/1447 , f12 1754c co 5/1447 , f]3 1754d co 5/1447, f32 1755a co 5/1447, [33 1755b co 5/1447, [34 1755c co 5/1447, f35 1755d co 5/1447, f52 1756a co 5/1447 , f54 1756b co 5/1447, f53 1756c co 5/1447, f55 1756d co 5/1447, f65 1757a 1757b 1757c co 5/1447, f66 1757d co 5/1447, f85 1758a co 5/1447, f86 1758b co 5/1447, f87 1758c co 5/1447 , f88 1758d co 5/1448, f8 1759a 1759b 1759c co 5/1448, f9 1759d co 5/1448 , t16 1760a 1760b 1760c co 5/1448, t17 1760d co 5/1448 , f52 1761a co 5/1448 , f53 1761b co 5/1448 , f54 1761c co 5/1448, f55 1761d co 5/1449, f14 1762a co 5/1449, f15 1762b 307 References Quarter co 5/1449, f16 1762c co 5/1449, fl 7 1762d co 5/1449, f38 1763a co 5/1449, f39 1763b co 5/1449, f40 1763c co 5/1449, f41 1763d co 5/1449, f59 1764a co 5/1449, f60 1764b co 5/1449, f61 1764c co 5/1449, f62 1764d co 5/1449, f80 1765a co 5/1449, f81 1765b co 5/1449, f82 1765c co 5/1449, f83 1765d co 5/1450, f9 1766a co 5/1450, no 1766b CO 5/1450, fl 1 1766c co 5/1450, f12 1766d co 5/1450, f27 1767a 1767b 1767c 1767d co 5/1450, f39 1768a co 5/1450, f40 1768b co 5/1450, f41 1768c 1768d 1769a 1769b 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 1770d 1771a 1771b CO 5/1349, f207 1771c CO 5/1349, f208 1771d CO 5/1350, f51 ===----::::::::=::: ===::::::::.._ _ -----= 308 rter Re ferences Qua f103 CO 5/ 1350, f52 ; T 1/488, 1772a 1772b 1772c T 1/498 , f16 1772d 1773a 1773b 1773c 11506 , f8 CO 511352 , f13 3; T 1773d 352 , f134 ; T 11 506, f7 CO 511 1774a 1774b 1774c T 1/512, f196 1774d T 1/512, f197 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d - 309 TABLE 16 NOSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO PATUXENT DISTRICT References Quarter 1745a MdHR 1374 1745b MdHR 1374 1745c MdHR 1374 1745d MdHR 1374 1746a MdHR 1374 1746b MdHR 1374 1746c MdHR 1374 1746d MdHR 1374 1747a MdHR 1374 1747b MdHR 1374 1747c MdHR 1374 1747d MdHR 1374 1748a MdHR 1374 1748b MdHR 1374 1748c MdHR 1374 1748d MdHR 1374 1749a MdHR 1374 1749b MdHR 1374 1749c MdHR 1374 1749d MdHR 1374 1750a MdHR 1374 1750b MdHR 1374 1750c MdHR 1374 1750d MdHR 1374 1751a MdHR 1374 1751b MdHR 1374 1751c MdHR 1374 1751d MdHR 1374 1752a MdHR 1374 1752b MdHR 1374 1752c MdHR 1374 1752d MdHR 1374 1753a MdHR 1374 1753b MdHR 1374 1753c 310 References Quarter MdHR 1374 1753d MdHR 1374 1754a MdHR 1374 1754b MdHR 1374 1754c MdHR 1374 1754d MdHR 1374 1755a MdHR 1374 1755b MdHR 1374 1755c MdHR 1374 1755d MdHR 1374 1756a MdHR 1374 1756b MdHR 1374 1756c MdHR 1374 1756d 1757a 1757b 1757c 1757d 1758a 1758b 1758c 1758d 1759a 1759b 1759c 1759d 311 TABLE 17 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM ANN APOLIS DISTRICT References Quarter 1745a 1745b 1745c 1745d 1746a 1746b 1746c 1746d 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b MdHR 1372 1748c MdHR 1372 1748d MdHR 1372 1749a MdHR 1372 1749b MdHR 1372 1749c MdHR 1372 1749d MdHR 1372 1750a MdHR 1372 1750b MdHR 1372 1750c MdHR 1372 1750d MdHR 1372 1751a MdHR 1372 1751b MdHR 1372 1751c MdHR 1372 1751d MdHR 1372 1752a MdHR 1372 1752b MdHR 1372 1752c MdHR 1372 1752d MdHR 1372 1753a MdHR 1372 1753b MdHR 1372 1753c 312 References Quarter MdHR 1372 1753d MdHR 1372 1754a MdHR 1372 1754b MdHR 1372 1754c MdHR 1372 1754d MdHR 1372 1755a MdHR 1372 1755b MdHR 1372 1755c MdHR 1372 1755d MS 21 1756a MS 21 1756b MS 21 1756c MS 21 1756d MS 21 1757a MS 21 1757b MS 21 1757c MS 21 1757d MS 21 1758a MS 21 1758b MS 21 1758c MS 21 1758d MS 21 1759a MS 21 1759b MS 21 1759c MS 21 1759d MS 21 1760a MS 21 1760b MS 21 1760c MS 21 1760d MS 21 1761a MS 21 1761b MS 21 1761c MS 21 1761d MS 21 1762a MS 21 1762b MS 21 1762c MS 21 1762d MS 21 1763a MS 21 1763b 313 uarter Re erences 1763C MS 21 1763d MS 21 1764a MS 21 1764b MS 21 1764c MS 21 J764d MS 21 1765a MS 21 1765b MS 21 J765C MS 21 1765d MS 21 1766a MS 21 1766b MS 21 )766C MS 21 t766d MS 21 1767a MS 21 J767b MS 21 1767c MS 21 1767d MS 21 1768a MS 21 J768b MS 21 1768c MS 21 1768d MS 21 1769a MS 21 1769b MS 21 1769C MS 21 1769d MS 21 J770a MS 21 1770b MS 21 1770c MS 21 I770d MS 21 1771a MS 21 1771b MS 21 1771c MS 21 1771d MS 21 1772a MS 21 J772b MS 21 J772C MS 21 1772d MS 21 314 ter Reference s Quar = 1773a MS 2 1 1773b MS 2 1 1773c MS 2 1 1 1773d MS2 .1774a MS 21 1774b MS 21 1774c MS2 1 1774d MS 21 1775a MS 21 775b MS 21 1 1775c MS 21 1775d 315 TABLE18 OSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO ANNAPO LIS DISTRICT N References Quarter 1745a 1745b 1745c 1745d 1746a 1746b MdHR 1374 1746c MdHR 1374 1746d MdHR 1374 1747a MdHR 1374 1747b MctHR 1374 1747c MdHR 1374 1747d MdHR 1374 1748a MdHR 1374 1748b MdHR 1372 1748c MdHR 1372 1748d MdHR 1372 1749a MctHR 1372 1749b MdHR 1372 1749c MdHR 1372 1749d MdHR 1372 1750a MdHR 1372 1750b MdHR 1372 1750c MdHR 1372 1750d MctHR 1372 1751a MctHR 1372 1751b MctHR 1372 1751c MdHR 1372 1751d MdHR 1372 1752a MdHR 1372 1752b MdHR 1372 1752c MdHR 1372 1752d MdHR 1372 1753a MdHR 1372 1753b MdHR 1372 1753c 316 References Quarter MdHR 1372 1753d MdHR 1372 1754a MdHR 1372 1754b MdHR 1372 1754c MdHR 1372 1754d MdHR 1372 1755a MdHR 1372 1755b MdHR 1372 1755c MdHR 1372 1755d MdHR 1372 1756a 6b MS 21 175 6c M S 21 175 S 21 1756d M 21 1757a MS b MS 21 1757 MS 21 1757c MS 21 1757d MS 21 1758a MS 21 1758b MS 21 1758c MS 21 1758d MS 21 1759a MS 21 1759b MS 21 1759c MS 21 1759d MS 21 1760a MS 21 1760b MS 21 1760c MS 21 1760d MS 21 1761a MS 21 1761b MS 21 1761c MS 21 1761d MS 21 1762a MS 21 1762b MS 21 1762c MS 21 1762d MS 21 1763a MS 21 1763b 317 r Refe rences Quarte 63c MS 2 1 17 763d M S 21 1 21 1764a MS 1 1764b MS 2 4c M S 21 176 MS 21 1764d S 21 1765a M b MS 21 1765 S 21 1765c M d MS 21 1765 MS 21 1766a MS 21 1766b MS 21 1766c MS 21 1766d S 21 1767a M MS 21 1767b MS 21 1767c M S 21 1767d MS 21 1768a MS 21 1768b MS 21 1768c MS 21 1768d MS 21 1769a MS 21 1769b MS 21 1769c MS 21 1769d MS 21 1770a MS 21 1770b MS 21 1770c MS 21 1770d MS 21 1771a MS 21 1771b MS 21 1771c MS 21 1771d MS 21 1772a MS 21 1772b MS 21 1772c MS 21 1772d 318 References Quarter 21 1773a MS 21 1773b MS 1773c M S 21 S 21 1773d M MS 21 1774a 774b M S 21 1 1774c MS 21 1774d M S 21 S 21 1775a M 1775b M S 21 MS 21 1775c 1775d 319 TABLE 19 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM OXFORD DISTRICT rter Refere nces Qua 1740a 1740b 1740c 1740d 1741 a 1741b 1741c 1741d MdHR 1372 1742a MdHR 1372 1742b MdHR 1372 1742c MdHR 1372 1742d MdHR 1372 1743a MdHR 1372 1743b MdHR 1372 1743c MdHR 1372 1743d MctHR 1372 1744a MdHR 1372 1744b MdHR 1372 1744c MdHR 1372 1744d MdHR 1372 1745a MdHR 1372 1745b MdHR 1372 1745c MdHR 1372 1745d MdHR 1372 1746a MdHR 1372 1746b MdHR 1372 1746c 1746d 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 320 Quarter References 1748d 1749a 1749b 1749c 1749d 1750a 1750b 1750c 1750d 1751a 1751b 1751c 1751d 1752a 1752b 1752c 1752d 1753a 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a 1754b 1754c 1754d 1755a 1755b 1755c 1755d 1756a 1756b 1756c 1756d 1757a 1757b 1757c 1757d 1758a 1758b 321 References Quarter 1758c 1758d 1759a MS 638 1759b MS 638 1759c MS 638 1759d MS 638 1760a MS 638 1760b MS 638 1760c MS 638 1760d MS 638 1761a MS 638 1761b MS 638 1761c MS 638 1761d MS 638 1762a MS 638 1762b MS 638 1762c MS 638 1762d MS 638 1763a MS 638 1763b MS 638 1763c MS 638 1763d MS 638 1764a MS 638 1764b MS 638 1764c MS 638 1764d MS 638 1765a MS 638 1765b MS 638 1765c MS 638 1765d MS 638 1766a MS 638 1766b MS 638 1766c MS 638 1766d MS 638 1767a MS 638 1767b MS 638 1767c MS 638 1767d 322 ~ Quarter References 1768a MS 638 1768b MS 638 1768c MS 638 1768d MS 638 1769a MS 638 1769b MS 638 1769c MS 638 1769d MS 638 1770a MS 638 1770b MS 638 1770c MS 638 1770d MS 638 MS 638 1771a MS 638 1771b MS 638 1771c MS 638 1771d MS 638 1772a MS 638 1772b MS 638 1772c MS 638 1772d MS 638 1773a MS 638 1773b MS 638 1773c 1773d 1774a 1774b 1774c 1774d 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 323 TABLE 20 NOSLS OF ENTRAN CES INTO OXFORD DISTRICT Quarter References = 1740a 1740b 1740c 1740d 1741a 1741b 1741c J74ld 1742a 1742b 1742c MdHR 1372 1742d MdHR 1372 1743a MdHR 1372 J743b MdHR 1372 1743c MdHR 1372 1743d MdHR 1372 1744a MdHR 1372 1744b MdHR 1372 1744c MdHR 1372 1744d MdHR 1372 1745a MdHR 1372 1745b MdHR 1372 1745c MdHR 1372 1745d MdHR 1372 1746a MdHR 1372 1746b MdHR 1372 1746c MdHR 1372 1746d MdHR 1374 1747a MdHR 1374 1747b Mdl-lR 1374 1747c MdHR 1374 1747d MdHR 1374 1748a MdHR 1374 1748b MdHR 1374 1748c MdHR 1374 324 References Quarter MdHR 1374 1748d MdHR 1374 1749a MdHR 1374 1749b MdHR 1374 1749c MdHR 1374 1749d MdHR 1374 1750a MdHR 1374 1750b MdHR 1374 1750c MdHR 1374 1750d MdHR 1374 1751a MdHR 1374 1751b MdHR 1374 1751c MdHR 1374 1751d MdHR 1374 1752a MdHR 1374 1752b MdHR 1374 1752c MdHR 1374 1752d MdHR 1374 1753a MdHR 1374 1753b MdHR 1374 1753c MdHR 1374 1753d MdHR 1374 1754a MdHR 1374 1754b MdHR 1374 1754c MdHR 1374 1754d MdHR 1374 1755a MdHR 1374 1755b MdHR 1374 1755c MdHR 1374 1755d MdHR 1374 1756a MdHR 1374 1756b MdHR 1374 1756c MdHR 1374 1756d 1757a 1757b 1757c 1757d 1758a 1758b 325 Quarter Refer ences 1758c MS 638 1758d MS 638 1759a MS 6 38 59b MS 638 17 1759c MS 638 1759d MS 6 38 1760a MS 6 38 MS 638 1760b MS 6 38 1760c 38 1760d MS 6 1761a MS 6 38 61b M S 638 17 MS 638 1761c MS 638 1761d MS 6 38 1762a MS 638 1762b MS 638 1762c MS 638 1762d MS 638 1763a MS 638 1763b MS 638 1763c MS 638 1763d MS 638 1764a MS 638 1764b MS 638 1764c MS 638 1764d MS 638 1765a MS 638 1765b MS 638 1765c MS 638 1765d MS 638 1766a MS 638 1766b MS 638 1766c MS 638 1766d MS 638 1767a MS 638 1767b MS 638 1767c MS 638 1767d -- 326 References Quarter MS 638 1768a MS 638 1768b MS 638 1768c MS 638 1768d MS 638 1769a MS 638 1769b MS 638 1769c MS 638 1769d MS 638 1770a MS 638 1770b MS 638 1770c MS 638 1770d MS 638 1771a MS 638 1771b MS 638 1771c MS 638 1771d MS 638 1772a MS 638 1772b MS 638 1772c MS 638 1772d MS 638 1773a MS 638 1773b MS 638 1773c 1773d 1774a 1774b 1774c 1774d 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 327 TABLE 21 NOSLS OF CLEARANCES FROM ACCOMACK DISTRICT References = Quarter 1725a 4 2 co 5/1442, f19 1725b co 5/1442, f19 1725c co 5/1442, f19 1725d co 5/1442, f19 1726a 43 1726b co 5/1442, t20 1726c 1726d co 5/1443, f5 1727a CO 5/1443 , f6A 1727b co 5/1443, f8 1727c co 5/1443, t23 1727d co 5/1443 , t24 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443, f42 1728d CO 5/1443, f41 V 1729a 1729b 1729c 1729d 44 1730a CO 5/1443, f49; CO 5/1443, f61 v 1730b CO 5/1443, f49; CO 5/1443 , f61v 1730c CO 5/1443, f49; CO 5/1443 , f61 V 1730d co 5/1443, f65 1731a co 5/1443 , f77 1731b CO 5/1443, f78v 1731c co 5/1443, f75 1731d co 5/1443, f76 1732a "CO 5/ 1442 , fl 9 covered 25 April I 726 to 25 A pr ii 1726 "CO 5 I 1442 , f20 covered 10 June 1726 to 29 September 17 26. "CO 5 I 144 3 , f4 9 covered 25 March 17 30 to 13 October 1730. 328 References Quarter co 5/1443 , f98 1732b CO 5/1443, f99v 1732c co 5/1443 , noo 1732d co 5/1443 , noov 1733a CO 5/1443 , f120v 1733b CO 5/1443, fl21 V 1733c co 5/1443, fl22 1733d co 5/1443, f123 1734a co 5/1443, f126 1734b co 5/1443, f125 1734c co 5/1443, f124 1734d co 5/1443, f}33 1735a 1735b CO 5/1445, f67v 1735c CO 5/1445, f68v 1735d CO 5/1445, f69v 1736a 1736b 1736c 1736d 1737a 1737b 1737c 1737d 1738a 1738b 1738c 1738d 1739a 1739b 1739c 1739d 1740a 1740b 1740c 1740d 1741a 1741b 1741c 329 References Quarter 1741d 1742a 1742b 1742c 1742d 1743a 1743b 1743c 1743d 1744a 1744b 1744c 1744d 1745a 1745b 1745c co 5/1445 , [75 1745d co 5/1445 , f76 1746a co 5/1455 , f77 1746b co 5/1445, [78 1746c co 5/1445 , f79 1746d 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d co 5/1445 , f85 1749a co 5/1445 , f87 1749b co 5/1445 , f89 1749c co 5/1445 , f91 1749d 1750a 1750b 1750c 1750d 1751a 330 Quarter References 1751b 1751 c 1751d co 5/1445 , f92 1752a co 5/1445, f92 1752b co 5/1445 , f95 1752c CO 5/1445, ff97 and 97v 1752d co 5/1445, f99 1753a CO 5/1445 , flOl 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a co 5/1445 , fl 7 1754b 1754c 1754d co 5/1445 , fl 9 1755a co 5/1445, f39 1755b 1755c J755d 1756a 1756b 1756c 1756d co 5/1447 , f58 1757a co 5/1447 , f58 1757b co 5/1447, f69 1757c co 5/1447, f71 1757d 1758a 1758b 1758c 1758d co 5/1447 , f97 1759a CO 5/1447, ff97 and 97v 1759b co 5/1448 , f13 1759c co 5/1448, fl5 1759d co 5/1448, fl 7 1760a CO 5/1448 , f3 l 1760b co 5/ 1448, f33 1760c co 5/1448, f35 331 References Quarter CO 5/1448 , f36v 1760d CO 5/1448 , f61 V 1761a CO 5/1448 , f62V 1761b CO 5/1448 , f63v 1761c co 5/1449 , f25 I761d CO 5/1449, f31 V 1762a co 5/1449 , f29 1762b co 5/1449, f27 1762c co 5/1449, f26 1762d CO 5/1449 , f44V 1763a 1763b 1763c co 5/1449, f46 1763d co 5/1449, f46 1764a co 5/1449, f65 1764b co 5/1449, f66 1764c co 5/1449, f68 1764d co 5/1449, f88 1765a co 5/1449, f90 1765b co 5/1449, f92 1765c CO 5/1449 , f93V 1765d CO 5/1450, fl5V 1766a CO 5/1450, f16v 1766b co 5/1450, fl8 1766c co 5/1450, fl9 1766d CO 5/1450, f29V 1767a 1767b 1767c CO 5/1450, f31 1767d co 5/1450, f47 1768a co 5/1450, f49 1768b CO 5/1450, f50V 1768c co 5/1450, f52 1768d co 5/1450, f63 1769a co 5/1450, f65 1769b co 5/1450, f67 1769c 1769d 1770a ------==-------- --- 332 uarter R eferences Q 177Gb 1770c 1770d 1a co 5/ 1 349, f203 177 co 511349, f204 1771b co 511350, f60 1771c 1 63 O 511350, f61v ; T 1/494, f C 1771d 1772a 1772b 1772c 1772d 1773a 1773b 1773c T 11506, f4 1773d 511352 , f138 1774a co 1774b 1774c / 512, t204 1774d T 1 T 11512, t202 1775a 1775b 1775c 1775d 333 TABLE 22 NOSLS OF ENTRANCES INTO ACCOMACK DISTRICT = References Quarter 725a 45 1 co 5/1442, f18 1725b co 5/1442, f18 1725c co 5/1442, f18 1725d co 5/1442, f18 1726a 46 1726b co 5/1442, f21 1726c co 5/1443 , f3 1726d co 5/1443, f4 1727a co 5/1443 , f6 1727b co 5/1443, fl 1727c co 5/1443 , f22 1727d co 5/1443 , f21 1728a 1728b 1728c co 5/1443 , f42 1728d co 5/1 443 , f41 1729a 1729b 1729c 1729d 1730a co 5/1443 , f50 1730b co 5/1443 , f50 1730c co 5/1443 , f61 1730d CO 5/1443, f65V 1731a co 5/1443, [77 1731b co 5/1443, [18 1731c co 5/1443, [15 1731d co 5/1443 , [16 1732a CO 5/1443 , f98 V 1732b co 5/1443 , f99 1732c " CO 5/1442, f!8 covered 25 APril )725 to 25 April 1726. CO 5/1442, f21 covered 10 June 1726 to 29 September 1726. 46 334 Quarter References 1732d CO 5/1443, fl00 1733a CO 5/1443 , fl00v 1733b co 5/1443, f120 1733c co 5/1443, f121 1733d CO 5/1443, fl22v 1734a co 5/ 1443, f123 1734b CO 5/1443, fl26v 1734c co 5/1443, fl25 1734d CO 5/1443, fl24v 1735a CO 5/1443, fl33v 1735b 1735c co 5/1445 , f67 1735d co 5/1445, f68 1736a co 5/1445, f69 1736b 1736c 1736d 1737a 1737b 1737c 1737d 1738a 1738b 1738c 1738d 1739a 1739b 1739c 1739d 1740a 1740b 1740c 1740d 1741a 1741b 1741c 1741d 1742a 335 Quarter References 1742b 1742c 1742d 1743a 1743b 1743c 1743d 1744a 1744b 1744c J744d 1745a 1745b 1745c 1745d co 5/1445 , f70 1746a co 5/1445, f71 J746b co 5/1445, f72 1746c co 5/1445, f73 1746d CO SI 1445 , f74 1747a 1747b 1747c 1747d 1748a 1748b 1748c 1748d 1749a co 5/1445, f82 1749b co 5/1445 , f86 1749c co 5/1445 , f88 1749d co 5/1445, f90 1750a 1750b 1750c 1750d 1751a 1751b 1751c 336 Quarter References 1751d co 5/1445, f92 1752a co 5/1445, f92 1752b co 5/1445, f94 1752c CO 5/ 1445 , ff96 and 96v 1752d co 5/1445, f98 1753a CO 5/1445, flOO 1753b 1753c 1753d 1754a co 5/ 1447 , f16 1754b 1754c 1754d co 5/ 1447, f18 1755a co 5/1447, f38 1755b 1755c 1755d 1756a 1756b 1756c 1756d co 5/1447 , f57 1757a co 5/1447 , f57 1757b co 5/1447, f68 1757c co 5/1447, f70 1757d 1758a 1758b 1758c 1758d co 5/1447 , f96 1759a CO 5/1447 , ff96 and 96v 1759b co 5/1448 , f12 1759c co 5/1448, f14 1759d co 5/1448 , f16 1760a co 5/1448, f30 1760b co 5/1448, f32 1760c co 5/ 1448 , f34 1760d co 5/1448, f36 1761a co 5/1448 , f61 337 Quarter References co 5/1448, f62 1761b co 5/1 448, f63 1761c CO 5/1449, f25v 1761d co 5/1449 , f31 1762a co 5/1 449 , f30 1762b co 5/1449, f28 1762c CO 5/1449, f26v 1762d co 5/1449, f44 1763a 1763b 1763c co 5/1449, f45 1763d co 5/1449, f45 1764a 1764b 1764c co 5/1449, f67 1764d co 5/1449, f87 1765a co 5/1449, f89 1765b co 5/1449, f91 1765c co 5/1449 , f93 1765d co 5/1450, f]5 1766a co 5/]450, f]6 1766b co 5/1450, f]7 1766c CO 5/1450, f19v 1766d co 5/1450, f29 1767a 1767b 1767c co 5/]450, f30 1767d CO 5/1450, f46 1768a co 5!]450, t48 1768b co 5!]450, f50 1768c co 5!]450, f51 1768d co 5/1450, f62 1769a co 5/1450, f64 1769b co 5/1450, f66 1769c 1769d 1770a 1770b 1770c 338 arter Refere nces Qu 1770d 1771a co 5/1349, ?199 1771b co 511349, f202 1771c co 511350, f59 1771d 4, f163v /1350, f61 ; T 1/49 1772a C O 5 1772b 1772c 1772d 1773a 1773b 1773c 1773d T 1/506, f3 774a co 5/1352, ?137 1 1774b 1774c 4d T 1 1512, t206 177 775a T 1/512, f203 1 1775b 1775c 1775d .. 339 APPENDIX 2 EARLY AMERICAN PRICE INDICES AND OTHER ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR THE COLONIAL CHESAPEAKE Economic hi storians have compiled and interpreted price data for almost three hundred years. In the twentieth century, the twenties and the thirties witnessed a renewed and sustained interest in the subject because of both the formation of institutions to study price changes and the occurrence of an economic calamity. More recently , the rise and fall of prices have inspired detailed data gathering and bold interpretations. 1 A reliable price index is not only valuable for consistently comparing differing price levels over time , but also in indicating what the general directions of 1One of the earliest works on the subject is W. Fleetwood , Chronicum Preciosum: or, an Account of English Money, the Price of Corn and Other Commodities in the Last 600 Years in a Letter to a Student in the University of Oxford (London, 1707) . The formation of the International Scientific Committee on Price History in earlier part of this century is described in the introduction to Arthur Harrison Cole, Wholesale Commodity Prices in the United States, J 700-1861 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938) , xxi-xxiv (hereafter, Cole, Wholesale Commodity Prices). The economic calamity-the Great Depression- inspired renewed examination of the economic past in hopes of finding predictors of the direction of the economy . Some of the more recent work on price indices will be described below; the "bold interpretation" is David Hackett Fischer, The Great Wave: Price Revolutions and the Rhythm of History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996). Fischer's book also has an extensive bibliography of works on price history from around the world. 340 2 Additionally, price ind ices in economies re lated to one another an economy were . llow the same trends over time. Thus, pric e ind ices for Britain should generally fo d her colonies in the Americas should hav e had generally similar characteri stics. an n the past decade, two attempts have been made to construct a J ive Consumer Price Index (CPI) fo r the eig hteenth century and as much comprehens e seventeenth as poss ible. The fir t of the se was by John J. McCusker, who of th 3 published an initial CPI in 1991 and rev ise d and extended it in 1997. More . G. Harris published an article on inflation and deflation in early recently, P. M . America . 4 Unfo rtunately, each of these attempts ha s drawbacks and problems 2John J. Mccusker, How Much is That in R eal Money ? A Hisrorica! Price dex .for Use as a Dejlator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States In cester, MA: American Antiquarian Society , 1992), 307-312 (hereafter, (Wor ker, How Much is That) . This work origin ally appeared under the same title McCus an article in the Proceedings of the Ameri can Antiquarian Society 101 (1991 ): as 373 . Mcc usker and co-author Russell Me nard stated the same proposition quite 297- ood times nor decreas ing explicitly, "While increasing prices do no t always mean g prices bad times, the rise and fall of index es of commodity prices have usually J. McCusker and para lleled periods of economic expansion and contraction." John pel Hill : Russell R. Menard , The Economy of Britis h America, 1607-1789 (Cha University of North Carolina Press, 1985) , 61. 3McCusker, How Much is That. This was u pdated in John J. McCusker, ch is That in Real Money ? A Historical Pri ce Index for Use as a Deflaror of How Mu Money Values in the Economy of rhe Unite d States: Addenda and Corrigenda Worcester, MA: American Antiquarian So ciety, 1997) (hereafter, McCusker, ( Addenda and Corrigenda) , which original ly appeared under the same title in the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 106 (1996): 327-334 . P. M. G. Harris, "Inflation and Deflation in Early ~meri_ca, 163~-1680: 4 20 Patterns of Change in the British America n Economy," SoClal Sctence Htsto,y (1996): 469-505 . This article is part of th e ongo ing work_b y the "~ hesapea_ke ~ ork 111 School," headed by Lois Green Carr. Fo r more information on their les , economic and social history, see McCuske r and Menard for relevant tit especia lly 117-143. 341 However, the data provided by each author can be modified and adjusted to yield new insights into the directions of the colonial British economy . McCusker's work attempted to construct a single deflator for the United States from 1700 to the present , and he argued for its value both as an overall defl ator and as a good indicator of economic cycles before the twentieth century. 5 Also included in the original volume was a CPI series for Great Britain from 1600 to the present. Mccusker created both series by splicing existing series of data together, using a single year as the base. 6 The work on Philadelphia prices by Anne Bezanson and her associates at the University of Pennsylvania in the 1930s provided the bas is fo r the colonial portion of the American series. 7 From 1720 to 1774, Bezanson created two indices: one based on the prices of twelve different commodities and another based on the prices 5McCusker, How Much is That, 307-3 12; McCusker and Menard , 61. 6McCusker described the technique in some detail in the earlier vo lume. See especially Mccusker, How Much is That , Appendices A and B, 316-21 and 334-36, respectively. 7These data are published in Anne R. Bezanson, R. D. Gray, and Miriam Hussey, Prices in Colonial Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: University of Pennsy lva nia Press, 1935) and are expanded chronologically in Arthur Harri son Cole, Wholesale Commodity Prices in the United States, 1700-1861: Statistical Supplemelll (Cambridge: Harva rd University Press, 1938) (hereafter, Cole, Statistical Supplement) . 342 of twenty di fferent commodities. These data are graphed in Figure 106. s Mccusker adapted Bezanson 's twenty commodity index for 1720 to 1774 changin . b . . ' g Its ase year and extendrng ,t back to 1700. Bezanson reported the prices fo r " ? ? six important price eries" from 1700 to 1720, but she did not attempt to construct ? d an 111 ex for those two decades. 9 Mccusker used three of Bezanson 's series- w11e at, f?l our, and alt- and updated two from his own work- rum and molasses- to construct a Philadelph ia index from 1700 to 1720. 10 Mccusker then linked this colonial data to an existing CPI series for the United States from 1774 to 1975 11 ? By allowing the Philadelphia index to serve as a surrogate for the entire th ? Irteen colonies , Mccusker implied that price indices for other British colonies and their n1 ar ke ts should be similar to that fo r Pennsylvam.a . 8 See Ta ble 23 for the numerical data. Bezanson was careful to compile Wholesale prices on a consistent basis; most of her quotations came from newspapers, and these were supplemented by information from merchant records. There are some significant differences between the two indices, especially prior to 1740- See also Cole, Wholesale Commodity Prices, 28-32- 9Cole, Wholesale Commodity Prices, 28. Bezanson 's data for 1700 to 1720 are reported in Cole, Statistical Supplement, 1-6. 10McCusker does not address why he left Bezanson 's sixth series-muscovado ~uga:- out of his index for this period. Perhaps, he felt _it would sk_e~ h_is i~d~x too 1 weavi/y toward West Indian produce, since three of t/1e six co~od1t1es rn llJS ~ndex OU/d have been molasses rum and muscovado sugar. He did assert that the items ch e Used were those "that w'e re ce' ntral to the Pennsy 1v a111?a econ~~y a t th e t1? me; t1 1 ey 0 nstitute an acceptable mix of imported and domestic co~od1t1es and of Producers, an d consumers , goo ds . ,, McCusker , How Much 1s That, 320. . 11PauJ A . Da vid and Peter Solar, "A ~icentena? Co_ntribution to tl~e History 0 f the Cost o f L 1' vm. g . Am en?c a, " Research? m Economic History 2 (1977) . 1-80. 111 160 ---- - - - --- -- - 150 - 140 - 12 Commodity Index 130 ~ ~ 20 Commodity Index 120 ~, -~ X. -~ .-.g 110 -t:. "" I \ I I 100 _, /', ? I I ? 90 . 'J:,, , / - I /, // 80 ~ , 70 - , 60 - -- 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 106. Index of Phildelphia Prices , 1720-1775 (1741-45 = 100) . Source: Appendix 2 , Table 23. l,.) .j::.. l,.) 344 12 om 1720 r are graphed in F igure 107. Fr ccuske The data compil ed by M . J . . aralleled each oth er B .. h J h an d co 0111a 111d1c es p 1 ? n tis until the Am .c an R en evo ut101 1, t e re so closely xpected, since the ir economies we r e fa irly closely, as Mccuske 5, although the c olonia l n ti l about 174 13 e trend Jines wer e generally flat u Jinked . Th ar trend. For the thirty ul til ity and a greate r decreas ing sec r vola CPI exhibited gr eate wards, with colon ia l prices evolu tion, both C Pis trended up Years before the R 14 er rate. tend ing to rise a t a slightly fast rly were not para llel, in spite of re 1720 the Jines clea However, befo flation in the 700 to 1720, ther e was marked de 1 McCusker's con tention. From ntradictory trend s hese co tish CPI remained almost flat. T Colonial CPI, wh ile the Bri index back to the 1630s, Cusker 's extensio n of his Were further hig hlighted in Mc ork on Chesapeak e price ntury part of P. M . G. Harris's w Using the sevente enth ce enly, the colonia l into Figure 108. Sudd e incorporated ices . 15 nd These new data ar i ata. t when compared to the British d en ta before 1740 lo ok quite di ffer CPI da m 1660 to 1740 w as fro onflict, the trend line pt for periods of Anglo-French c Exce e numerical data. 12See Table 24 for th ates: "For the pe riod ,?s rhat 336 McCusker st ,, C k u ow Muc, l.2 1 1 , ? 13M us er, n . c [indices] moved in parallel tracks 700 to 1790 the two om 1 .515 for the Colo nial fr 0 d ,?nes fo r 1720 t o 1745 are - o are .924 and 14Tl f 1e s 1o pe o t 11e tr en 1 lopes ish CPI. For 174 5 to 1775, the s PI and -0 .082 fo r the Brit C O. 724, respecti v ely. l data. 15See Table 24 for numerica - 160 150 140 Great Britain 130 120 Philadelphia 110 100 x .l +>- 0\ 347 remarka bl Y and uni fo rmly downward. 16 McCusker 's price indices suggest several conclusions about the co urse of the CO / ? onia / economy. First , the century before 1740 was one of continu ous decline, Whose march . . . . was temporarily- and pos1t1vely- mterrupted by King William's an d Queen An , W . . ne s ars. Second, smce the trends for the colomal and British in dices are so d 'f(.-erent, these economies were largely disconnected and unrelated bef ore 1 1740 - And fi nally, in comparative terms, the colonial economy was wo rse in the five ye b .o . ars efore the American Revoluti n t/Jan It had been at any point in the second half of the seventeenth century. However, these conclusions directly contradict many of the conclu sions of the last quarter century's work on the colonial economy. First, the l iterature utlining the general patterns of colonial economic growth did not i nclude this o significant, pre-1740 decline, and there are suggestions that the co lonial economy h ? I ? exp hteenth . anded at a s/i ghtly faster rate in the seventeenth century t an rn t 1e eig Second, the pattern of economic growth for the Chesapeake has be en depicted as wo long periods of growth : l616 to the 1680s and 1715 to 1775, s andwiching a t Period of stagnation , with an acceleration in growth after 1740. T hird, mercantilism y "was closely Jinked the British and colonial economies together as each colon harnessed to its foreign sector. ,, And fourth , "both productivity a nd the standard of li ving in the colonies got better during the colonial era, which argu es quite --------------- h . . ra h is the regression line generated ?Y the da ta ~rom 16T 166 e t1 end Jrne on the g p -0 968 with a very high correlation Oto 1688 and 1715 to 1738. The slope was ? 2 (r) of 0.92137. 348 rowth in the econom y. "17 per capita g forcefully for real er , were based on s price indices , like those by Mccusk P. M. G. Harris' data were derived f rom rica . 18 His for only a part of British North Ame price data ll index combined the aryland and Virgini a. Harris 's overa the probate records of M were in turn based on two sub- nd and Virginia, w hich average indices for Maryla ufactured goods. 19 an and the other for m for each colony: o ne for farm goods indices and apparently thre e items for the farm index Harris used three i tems for the ed of a livestock co mponent (a cow index was comprisfarm manufactures index . The and wheat, valued p components (corn cro alf, valued as a sin gle unit) and two and c weighted in the ra tio ose of the index , th ese items were the purp individually). For arris stated that "[t ]he ting is unclear; H :0.5:0.5. The ratio nale for this weigh of 4.0 ed an index for agr iculture of types of outputs su ggest e relative weights of thes 0 at)J/5. " 2 [4(cow + calf) + ?(cor n + whe his index because its s purposefully excl uded tobacco from Second, Harri enard, 59-60, 120-1 31, 51, 55. 17McCusker and M 18Harris, 471-479. cal data . 19See Table 25 for th e numeri luded from this ind ex prior to s exc 494-95. Wheat w a rr, 1 August 1999. 20Harris , 487 and from Lois Green C a Personal communic ation to the author ois Green Carr and Lorena 1700. work for this index can be found in L f the earlier and Consumption Pattern in St. Much o th Inventories and the Analysis of Weal , " rical Methods 13 (1 980) : 81 -104. Walsh 1658-1777, " Histo Mary's County, M aryland , 349 " . .. quality va ried greatly, even within a given county . "21 Constructing an early American price index without tobacco seems dangerous. It was the single most va luable export from the North American continent ; its exported value was second only to sugar in all of Britain 's empire in the Western Hemisphere. Additionally, during the entire colonial period , tobacco was the largest export crop from the Chesapeake, so its exclusion would seem to lessen the value of Harris's index as an indicator for the Chesapeake economy. And, while Harris is correct that the quality , and thus va lue, of tobacco va ried greatly, economic historians have constructed and used average price series for tobacco , both on the farm and in the Philadelphia market, for part of the seventeenth century and most of the eighteenth . 22 21Harris also excluded labor from his index (Harr is, 487) , but this is less problematic as servants and slaves were capital investments. An index fo r labor can be found in Carr and Walsh. Add itionally, the Virginia farm sub-index from 1777 to 1820 included only corn and wheat, without any livestock. (Harri s, "Notes" to Table A I, 494) To construct the manufacture sub-index " ... an average was taken for cloth and metals. For the latter, pewter (omitting old and artistic items) was averaged with plate from the time that prices for that item became ava ilable." (Harris , 494) He did not specify when they were and were not ava ilable. The use of silver plate poses a second potential problem. Since silver was a universal unit of value, it could be converted from a household good to circulating money. Thus, its price might vary as money did . Tobacco was excluded from the index becau e it was a form of currency . Personal communication to the author from Lois Green Carr , I August 1999. There are two problems with this. First , tobacco was also the dominant market export from the Chesapeake, and thus was a major market commodity. And second , the poss ible use of silver as money did not warrant the exclusion of plate. 22 Among other places these series can be found in U.S. Department of Commerce, Historical Statistics of rhe United States: Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, DC: J 975) 2: 1198, series Z578 to Z584; Carville V. Earle, The Evolution of at Tidewater Settlement: All Hallow's Parish, Ma,y land, 1650-1783 350 Harris's Maryland and Virginia indices and Bezanson 's Pennsy lvania index have an inherent problem for comparison among colonies; each of the indices was based on the type of currency for the particular colony. 23 While such indices are acceptable and desirable for time comparisons of prices within a colony, accurate cross-colonial comparison must use indices reduced to a specie (or Sterling) basis .24 In other words, any variation in the colonial exchange rates needs to be removed to compare the real movement of these indices among the colonies. Since most colonial price indices are compiled in the currency of a particular colony , a ( hicago: University of hicago Department of Geography , 1975) 227-229 ; and Cole. The data from 1711 to 1775 were based on observations from just one place: Anne Arundel County , Maryland . From 1618 to 1710, the data were the work of Russell R. Menard ; the price series from 1618 to 1658 covered the entire Chesapeake, while that for 1659 to 1710 was based only on Maryland prices. See Table 28. 23 For Pennsy lvania, the base period was 1741 -45 and the currency values in both the numerator and denominator were expressed in Pennsy lvania Currency . Bezanson, 35 1-55 . For Virginia and Maryland, the base period was 1700-09, and the money values in the numerator and denominator were each expressed in the probate currency being used at the respective time. For Maryland, this is especially important, as the money of account that estates were valued in changed over time. In 1760, for instance, the numerator was expressed in terms of the money used in 1760 (current money of Maryland or paper currency) , while the denominator was expressed in terms of the money used between 1700 and 1709 (Sterling or ome Ster Ii ng/hard currency combination). Likewise, in 1725, the numerator wa expressed in terms of the money used in 1725 (hard currency), while the denominator was again expressed in terms of the money used to evaluate estates between 1700 and 1709. Author 's personal communication with P. M. G. Harris, 17 August 1999. While this procedure made it easy to deflate probate values within a colony to a common bas is without hav ing to account for any variance in exchange rate and probate practices , it makes cross-colonial comparisons especially difficult. 24In a hybrid of methods, Mccusker compiles the 1700-1720 index based on specie prices, but then splices this onto Bezanson's index of prices in Pennsy lvania currency . Mcc usker, Ho\V Much is That Tables A-1 and A-2, 322-323. 351 sed to reduce them to a spec ie basis. conversion formula must b e u sche formula, which is The construction of a price index begins with the Paa defined as follows: is the index number for yea r i; where: the quantity weight for a co mmodity in year i; qi is rice of the commodity in ye ar i ; Pi is the p 25 price of the commodity in the base year. and Po is the price in pounds Sterling, th en If we define the variable p a s the r i; is the price of the commodit y in Sterling in yea where: modity in colonial currency in P,i is the price of the co m year z; nial currency and and Ei is the exchange rate between colo Sterling in year i. he Social Sciences (New 25 David L. Sills, ed., Interna tional Encyclopedia of t York: Macmillan, 1968) . 352 irst, we obtain the following: d equation into the f Substituting th is se con mber for year i. is the Sterling price index nu where: hange rate terms (? ) out of each an factor out the ex c r, we c For any given yea : positions. This giv es us the equation ir ebraically adjust th e summation, and al g index compiled in a he formula price e right-hand term is simply the Paac Th then the commodi ty e index is unweigh ted, particular colonial currency. If th is is the case for th e to one, and they di sappear. Th qual quantities, q, are e case for Virginia a nd x. If the index is w eighted, as in the Pennsylva nia inde va lues. In either c ase, rea l e commodity quan tity weights have Maryland , then th ly ecie) index is accom plished by simp p on to a Sterling (o r s however , conversi e rate in the base y ear to exchang umber by the ratio of the multiplying the ind ex n the exchange rate in year i, or 353 lonial index number c ompiled in co price where : ?i is thel r urrency prices. c ylvania, Maryl and , ata for Penns adily available index d This last term , f r;, is the re son and Harris . ed by Bezan and Virginia c ompil Maryland , and Virginia were Pennsylvania, dices for The currency in se rates came f rom n general, the n in Table 4. I d by the excha nge rates give odifie , 1600-1775: A m rica in Europe and A me usker, Money and Exchange John 1. Mcc market prices, only the sed n 's index for P ennsylvania u andbook . Sinc e Bezanso to convert to a specie H nsylvania curre ncy is needed ate for Pen commercial ex change r ial exchange ra tes is the average o f the commerc E , x. The base e xchange rate, 0 inde 1741 to 1745 . from wever, must ac count d indices, ho Virginia and M arylan The conversion of the se colonies piled the price indices for the , as Harris com for the probate practices indices becaus e of convert his sep arate colonial t state records. Harris did no e onship between from about the relatiledge ature of and in complete know n be the complicate d ill rposes of this a ppendix, it w 26 r the pu arket prices. Fo probate prices and m that dem with mark et prices and probate prices moved in tan umed that ct the relation ship ass exceptions, ac curately refle a few ercial exchang e rates, with comm t and Sterling. s of accoun between proba te monie 1675 , I have a ssumed Before nia is fairly str aightforward. The case of Vi rgi 26Harris , 479. 354 that probate values were in Sterling . From 1675 to 1775 , I have assumed that the probate values were in Virginia Currency. When actual quotations for Virginia currency do not exist, I have estimated the exchange by using par . The base exchange rate, E , is the average of the commercial exchange rates from 1700 to 0 1709 . The only exception to this is the period from 1755 to 1765 , when estates were apparently appra ised in a Virginia cur rency that was held at par . In 1755 , the colony of Virginia introduced paper currency and inflated the value of its money, This paper currency circulated until the Parliamentary Currency Act of 1764 froced its w ithdrawal. 27 From 1755 until 1764 , the Virginia Assembly passed several acts requiring that its new paper currency pass at its uninflated value; in the market these laws appear to have had little effect on the exchange rate, as ev idenced by McCu ker 's exchange rates. However , in the appraisal of estates , these strictures apparently worked. 28 27John J. McCusker , Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600- 1775 : A Handbook (Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1978), 207 (hereafter , Mcc usker , Money and Exchange). 28For the acts see William W . Hening, The Statues at Large ... (Richmond , VA, 1819 ; reprinted , Charlottesv ille, VA : University Press of Virginia, 1969) , 7 :85, 167 ,26 1,336 . Both befo re 1755 and after 1765 , the Virginia specie price index closely matched those of Maryland and Pennsylvania . If the commercial exchange rates had been used to mod ify the Virginia index between 1755 and 1765, there would have been a large divergence between the Maryland and Virginia price indices; using the par value estimate fo r Virginia currency during this period eliminated any di vergence. However , I have no direct ev idence that this practice was followed in taking inventories in Virginia. 355 The va lue of the probate currency for Maryland is much more complex, as several different monies were used for probate val ues over the colonial era. Before 1708 , 1 have assumed inventori es were taken in Sterling, and from that time to 1733 , that they were va lued in the "hard cu rrency. "29 Thus, Sterling is used here to exchange the probate va lues through 1707, and either actual quotat ions or the par va lue estimated fo r "hard currency" are used from 1708 through 1733 . From 1734 to 1765 , the colony of Maryland had a dual currency system con isting of "hard money," or the Maryland va lue of coin, and "paper money," also known as "current money of Maryland ." Unlike most colonies, when Maryland issued paper currency in 1734, it did not make it legal tender fo r private debts, and this paper currency was retired using a sinking fund tied to a specific tax. Thus, the exchange history of paper currency di ffe red significantly from that of hard currency . 30 After 1734, Maryland law required that all inventories were to be va lued in 29There were three instances in the seventeenth century-1675-1676, 1687- 1689, and 1692- 1694-where the Maryland Assembly tried to establish a Maryland Currency at the va lue of ?133 .33 Maryland to ?100 Sterling. Each of these acts was disa ll owed. See McCukser, Money and Exchange, 189- 190, for a complete discuss ion of these attempts to inflate the va lue of co in . According to Lois Green Carr, there is no evidence Maryland colonists stopped using Sterling in the va luations of estates during these three periods. Therefore, I have used Sterling fo r the exchange rate for these years. Author's personal communication with Lois Green Carr , 3 August 1998 . 30This system and its origins are described in McCusker, Money and Exchange, 189-196. A table of exchange histori es of both paper and hard currency with Sterl ing can be found on l 97-204. 356 this new paper currency . 31 For the period from 1734 to 1765, I have used the commercial exchange ra te for paper currency to convert probate va lues to Sterling . Even though this paper currency was retired from circulation in 1765, inventories were still required to be taken in this now fictitious paper currency-a practice that conti nued until l 781 . When paper currency ac tually ex isted before 1765, its exchange against Sterling varied and was known; however, since paper currency was fi ctitious after this date , it had no market exchange rate. In practice, items in post- l 765 inventories appear to have been valued in hard currency in appraiser 's heads, and then reduced by one-fifth to obta in the then fictitious current money of Maryland . 32 The value in fictitious current money of Maryland was then recorded in the inventory. To account for this, the probate exchange rate for 1766 to 1775 was defined as follows: 3 1The information on probate practices in this paragraph and in the following comes from the author 's personal communication with Lois Green Carr , 3 August 1998. 32 Es tates were va lued at current market prices . However, after 1765, the only market prices available were in hard currency. So to covert from market valuations in hard currency to the required, fictitious paper currency , the estate appraiser reduced the value in hard currency by one-fifth . Additional ev idence to support this method comes from the recording of debts in es tates. Here, debts were often recorded in hard currency, then reduced by the one-fifth to obtain the fictious currency money of Maryland . Personal communication with Lois Green Carr , J August 1999. This one-fifth reduction came from the ratio of the par value of hard currency (?166 .67 hard currency to ?100 Sterling) and the par va lue of the fictitious paper currency (?133 .33 paper currency to ?100 Sterling), which is 1.25. Deducting one-fifth of 1. 25 yields 1.0, or the va lue in paper currency. practices after 1765. 357 par /c?111111 X ?;,c E1c11111, = ----- pa,?;,c where: Ep-111,11 is the exchange rate of the fictitious current money of Maryland (in pounds fictit ious current money of Mary land per ?100 Sterl ing); parJi,, , is the par fo r the fict itious current money of Maryland 111 (?133.33 fict itious current money of Maryland per ?100 Sterling); par,". is the par fo r hard currency (?166.67 hard currency per ?100 Sterling) ; and is the exchange rate of hard currency (in pounds hard currency per ?100 Sterling). Since both par1m ,, and par,/(' were unchanging over this period, we can substitu te the 11 actual values. This yields the equation: Etc?11 1111 = 0.80 ? E11c Table 26 lists the values used to convert the currency indices compiled fo r Pennsy lva nia, Virginia, and Maryland . These are in the columns labeled "Pennsyl vania Currency Exchange," "Maryland Probate Exchange," and "Virginia Probate Exchange," respecti vely. Bes ides modifying the colonial indices by their respecti ve exchange rates to reduce them to a Sterling (specie) equiva lent, the data in Table 27 also refl ect a 358 change in the base decade to 1720-29. This avoided several potential problems. Harris's indices used the decade from 1700 to 1709 as a base. However, this was a decade that witnessed two sets of events which significantly affected prices in all the colonies. First , the decade saw twice as many years of war as of peace. War , and dislocations it causes in supply, demand, and transport, can be responsible for dramatic fluctuations and instabilities in prices. And, second, all the colonies endured currency turmoil during this decade. Each British colony had tried to increase the amount of coin in circulation within it by inflating the value that coin would pass for, relative to sterling. In 1704, Queen Anne limited this legislated overvaluation to one-third advance over the sterling equivalent; this was confirmed by an act of Parliament in 1708. These actions forced most colonies to change the value of their currency , causing price di slocation. 33 From 1720 to 1729 , no wars disrupted the economy , and neither currency nor prices experienced unusual turmoil. Additionally, the decade of the 1720s marked the beginning of the period where the Philadelphia data that McCusker used are the strongest. Thus, changing the base also avoided potential problems with the early part of McCusker' s index . Figure 109 graphs the modified Maryland , Virginia, and Penn ylvania indices. 34 Other than two noticeable, sharp divergences around 1735 and 1743 , the Maryland average, Virginia average, and Philadelphia indices were very close from 33 McCusker , Money and Exchange, 126. For the specific effects in Virginia and Maryland , see 205-206 and 190, respectively. 3-1see Tables 27 for the numerical cl ata. 300 - - - - - 275 250 - Maryland 225 - Virginia 200 - x -< ~ 150 C: 125 100 75 50 25 0 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 111. Modified Specie Indices for Cheaspeake and Tobacco (1720-29 = 100). Source: Appendix 2, Table 28 and 33. \.>.) 0\ N 250 - - - - 240 230 - Philadelphia 220 - 210 - ston Wheat 200 - Bo 190 - 180 - Britain ~ 170 - v.= 160 -- Maryland 150 140 130 Virginia 120 ,_ 110 - 100 ?, ? 90 "'-- 80 --- ---- -- ----- --- - - -~- -- 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 Year Figure 112. Mccusker' s Philadelphia, Boston Wheat, Maryland, Virginia , and Britain Price Indices (1720-29 = 100) . Source: Appendix 2 , Tables 27 and 29. (.;.) 0\ (.;.) 364 McCusker index and the Boston wheat index showed rapid deflation in the l71 0s, w ith the Boston wheat index displaying more radical swings . The Maryland and Virginia indices tended to stay well below those for Boston and Philadelphia . Likewise , the British price index was generally below those for Boston and Philadelphia, with the exception of the years around 1710 , when it spikes dramatically upward. One possible cause of the differences in Harris's indices for the Chesapeake and McCusker's fo r Philadelphia might be that McCusker used two wheat-based commodities out of the five: wheat and fl our. This would suggest that the marked deflation in McCusker ' s index in the l 7 l0s may have been an artifact of the heavy presence of wheat-based items in the index. But , Harris's index also included wheat, although in a very small proportion. Figu re 113 graphs indices for the various commodities in the McCusker 38 extension back to 1700, as well as that for muscovado sugar. Salt is one o f the commodities that suffered the greatest deflation after 1714; this is logical since most salt was imported from the islands off Southern Europe , and war interrupted the supply. And , flour and wheat deflated greatly with the end of Queen Anne's War. However , like McCusker's index, Harris's showed deflation during the 17 10s , though in vary ing degrees: more fo r Virginia, less for Maryland . And both of Harr is's indices exhibited inflationary tendencies before l 700, the point at which 38See Tables 30 , 3 l, and 32 fo r numerical data . ~ 325 300 Flour Salt Rum Molasses Sugar Wheat 275 250 225 ,< 200 Jr barrels 12 0 0 0 0 12 FIOJr pounds 61 0 0 0 0 61 Furs barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 44 0 0 0 0 44 Hcc1p pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iror tons 0 0 844 0 0 844 Logs 0 0 0 0 0 0 (wa .nut ) Oats bushels 0 37 0 0 0 37 Peas bushels 230 12 0 0 0 242 Pitc:1 barrels 9 0 0 0 0 9 Plank feet 0 2 16 0 0 18 Port pipes 0 10 0 0 0 10 Porh cases 1 0 0 0 0 l Pork cas ks 5 0 0 0 0 5 Por~. barrels 1993 1627 0 0 174 3794 Pork hhcl s 5 85 0 0 0 90 Pork boxes 2 0 0 0 0 2 Pork pounds 0 70 0 0 0 70 RL I 117 gallons 0 34 0 0 0 34 Rum hhcls 0 109 0 0 0 109 Sa lt hhds 0 2 0 0 0 2 Shin5;l es 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 853 Good Unit WI NA GB IRE SEU TOTAL Skins tierces 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 41 5 621 0 5 672 Staves M 23 0 0 0 0 23 Tar barrels 45 0 0 0 0 45 Tobacco barrels 0 0 17 0 0 17 Tobacco hhds 14 0 53668 0 0 53682 Turpentine barrels 0 0 7 0 0 7 Wheat bushels 0 1392 0 625 1518 3535 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 1 TOTAL 3] 77 7193 55174 698 2071 68313 854 TABLE 263 QUANTlTY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RlV ER, UPPER DlSTRlCT , 1742 Good Unit Wl NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 500 60 0 0 560 Beef barrels 115 24 0 0 139 Beef pounds 0 50 0 0 50 Bread pounds 1200 0 0 0 1200 Bread tierces 0 14 0 0 14 Bread hhds 0 1 0 0 1 Bread casks 44 0 0 0 44 Corn bushels 6864 232\2 0 3679 33755 Deer Skins 0 76 185 0 261 Flour barrels 0 12 0 0 12 Flour casks 83 0 0 0 83 Heading pieces 4000 0 0 0 4000 lron tons 0 0 163 0 163 Logs feet 0 94 0 0 94 (walnut) Oats bushels 200 0 0 0 200 Peas bushels 1118 1046 0 0 2164 Pitch barrels 0 0 50 0 50 Plank pieces 0 20 141 0 161 Plank feet 0 0 7840 0 7840 Pork pounds 0 1000 0 0 1000 Pork hhds 2 3 0 0 5 Pork barrels 1192 1237 0 0 2429 Pork casks 3 0 0 0 3 Rum gallons 0 964 125 0 1089 Rum hhds 0 1 0 0 1 Salt hhds 0 3 0 0 3 Shingles 107200 30000 0 84 137284 Skins tierces 0 0 2 0 2 Sktns chests 0 0 l 0 1 Skins cases 0 0 1 0 1 Skins bundles 0 0 2 0 2 Skins barrels 0 0 8 0 8 Skins casks 0 0 l 0 1 Skins hhds 0 0 42 0 42 855 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Staves 41500 0 161740 0 203240 Tar barrels 208 0 0 0 208 Tobacco hhds 4 l 8618 0 8623 Tobacco barrels 0 0 11 0 11 Walnut tons 0 0 0 1 logs Wheat bushels 0 3273 0 0 3273 Wine pipes 0 0 1 0 1 Wine hhcls 0 0 1 0 1 b 856 TABLE 264 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1742 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Beans bushels 42 5 0 0 47 Beef barrels 132 28 0 0 160 Beef pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Bread pounds 5 0 0 0 5 Bread tierces 0 17 0 0 17 Bread hhds 0 2 0 0 2 Bread casks 39 0 0 0 39 Corn bushels 579 1959 0 310 2848 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 0 7 0 0 7 Flour casks 51 0 0 0 51 Heading pieces 9 0 0 0 9 Iron tons 0 0 938 0 938 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 0 (wal nut) Oats bushels 17 0 0 0 17 Peas bushels 94 88 0 0 182 Pitch barrels 0 0 25 0 25 Plank pieces 0 0 3 0 3 Plank feet 0 0 14 0 14 Pork pounds 0 8 0 0 8 Pork hhds 7 10 0 0 17 Pork barrels 2026 2 102 0 0 4128 Pork casks 5 0 0 0 5 Rum gallons 0 110 14 0 124 Rum hhds 0 12 0 0 12 Salt hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Ski ns tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Skins chests 0 0 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 857 Gooa Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Staves 96 0 373 0 469 Tar barrels 83 0 0 0 83 Tobacco hhds 21 5 45285 0 45311 Tobacco barrels 0 0 29 0 29 Walnut tons 0 0 0 0 0 logs Wheat bushels 0 368 0 0 368 Wine pipes 0 0 15 0 15 Wine hhds 0 0 8 0 8 TOTAL 3206 4721 46704 310 54941 858 TABLE 265 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1743 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Beans bushels 0 310 0 310 Beef barrels 9 75 0 84 Bread tierces 24 0 0 24 Bread pounds 0 13400 0 13400 Bread barrels 50 0 0 50 Corn bushels 2406 6120 0 8526 Cotton bags 0 1 0 I Flour barrels 4 12 0 16 Furs pounds 0 0 33 33 Heading pieces 0 0 300 300 Hoops M 2 0 0 2 Indigo ceroons 0 0 3 3 Iron tons 0 0 61 61 Logs 0 0 11 11 (walnut) Peas barrels 0 IO 0 10 Peas bushels 1237 965 0 2202 Pitch barrels 3 0 336 339 Plank pieces 0 5 0 5 Plank feet 996 2120 2520 5636 Plank M feet 0 5 0 5 Planks 0 0 24 24 Pork barrels 404 155 0 559 Rice butts 0 0 5 5 Rum hhds 0 0 2 2 Rum barrels 0 0 I 1 Rum gallons 0 0 300 300 Salt bushels 0 100 0 100 Shingles 12000 15000 0 27000 Skins barrels 0 0 6 6 Skins hhds 0 0 48 48 Staves 0 0 134320 134320 Tar barrels 2 0 830 832 Tobacco barrels 0 0 19 19 Tobacco hhds 0 0 7179 7179 859 Unit WI NA GB TOT A[ Good barrels 1 0 50 51 Turpentine ounds 0 27 0 2 7 Wax p 3 Wheat bushels 0 5413 0 541 860 TABLE 266 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1743 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Beans bushels 0 21 0 21 Beef barrels 13 105 0 118 Bread tierces 26 0 0 26 Bread pounds 0 54 0 54 Bread barrels 40 0 0 40 Corn bushels 161 410 0 571 Cotton bags 0 3 0 3 Flour barrels 2 6 0 8 Furs pounds 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 0 0 1 1 Hoops M 0 0 0 0 Indigo ceroons 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 318 318 Logs 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Peas barrels 0 1 0 1 Peas bushels 83 65 0 148 Pitch barrels 1 0 150 151 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 2 4 4 10 Plank M feet 0 8 0 8 Planks 0 0 0 0 Pork barrels 866 332 0 1198 Rice butts 0 0 0 0 Rum hhds 0 0 21 21 Rum barrels 0 0 3 3 Rum gallons 0 0 30 30 Salt bushels 0 6 0 6 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 0 278 278 Tar barrels 1 0 270 271 Tobacco barrels 0 0 46 46 Tobacco hhds 0 0 34971 34971 861 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Turpentine barrels 0 0 18 18 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 481 0 481 TOTAL 1195 1496 36110 38801 862 TABLE 267 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1744 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 30 0 0 30 Beef barrels 20 4 0 0 24 Bread pounds 4900 0 0 8989 13889 Corn bushels 9923 11600 0 0 21523 Corn and bushels 600 0 0 0 600 Peas Deer Skins 0 7 0 0 7 Flour barrels 0 0 0 4 4 Heading pieces 0 0 600 0 600 Logs 0 0 4 0 4 (walnut) Logs feet 0 0 so 0 so (walnut) Peas bushels 1438.5 430 0 1150 3018.5 Plank feet 0 0 2506 0 2506 Planks 0 0 4 0 4 Pork barrels 845 299 0 0 1144 Shingles 63000 0 37000 0 100000 Skins casks 0 0 1 0 1 Skins hhds 0 0 34 0 34 Skins barrels 0 0 s 0 s Staves 0 0 148250 0 148250 Tobacco hhds 11 0 8817 .5 0 8828 .S Tobacco barrels 0 0 14 0 14 Wheat bushels 0 1200 0 7482 8682 863 TABLE 268 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1744 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 l 0 0 1 Beef barrels 25 5 0 0 30 Bread pounds 17 0 0 32 49 Corn bushels 455 532 0 0 987 Corn and bushels 28 0 0 0 28 peas Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 0 0 0 2 2 Heading pieces 0 0 I 0 1 Logs 0 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Logs feet 0 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Peas bushels 66 20 0 53 139 Plank feet 0 0 4 0 4 Planks 0 0 0 0 0 Pork barrels 1533 543 0 0 2076 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 0 263 0 263 Tobacco hhds 40 0 32324 0 32364 Tobacco barrels 0 0 26 0 26 Wheat bushels 0 90 0 559 649 TOTAL 2164 1191 32618 646 36619 864 TABLE 269 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1745 Good 'On1t NA GB SEU TOTA[ Corn bushels 0 0 300 300 Deer Skin chests 0 1 0 1 Deer Skin barrels 1 0 0 1 Deer Skins hhds 0 1 0 1 Indigo casks 0 1 0 1 Iron tons 0 25 0 25 Logs 0 62 0 62 (walnut) Peas bushels 0 0 300 300 Plank feet 0 3443 0 3443 Plank pieces 3 43 0 46 Rum hhds 0 2 0 2 Skins tierces 0 1 0 1 Skins bundles 0 1 0 I Skins hhds 8 58 0 66 Skins barrels 4 5 0 9 Staves 0 199985 2030 202015 Sugar casks 0 51 0 51 Tar barrels 0 350 0 350 Tobacco hhds 0 10081 0 10081 Turpentine barrels 0 52 0 52 Wax pounds 0 0 300 300 Wheat bushels 1697 0 2111 3808 865 TABLE 270 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1745 Good Unit NA GB SEU TOTAL Corn bushels 0 0 15 15 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin barrels 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 114 0 114 Logs 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Peas bushels 0 0 15 15 Plank feet 0 5 0 5 Plank pieces 0 1 0 1 Rum hhds 0 20 0 20 Skins tierces 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 335 3 338 Sugar casks 0 188 0 188 Tar barrels 0 104 0 104 Tobacco hhds 0 36696 0 36696 Turpentine barrels 0 19 0 19 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 126 0 157 283 TOTAL 126 37482 190 37798 866 TABLE 271 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1746 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beef barrels 26 0 0 0 26 Corn bushels 2747 7500 0 2754 13001 Cotton bags 0 0 I 0 1 Iron tons 0 0 27 0 27 Peas bushels 0 300 0 117 417 Pitch barrels 0 0 73 0 73 Plank feet 0 0 1180 0 1180 Planks 0 0 71 0 71 Pork barrels 395 428 0 0 823 Shingles M 6 0 0 0 6 Shingles 7130 0 0 0 7130 Skins hhds 0 0 33 0 33 Skins casks 0 0 6 0 6 Staves 500 0 176317 0 176817 Tobacco hhds 0 0 9697 0 9697 Tobacco barrels 1 0 0 0 1 Wine pipes 0 0 1 0 1 867 TABLE 272 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1746 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beef barrels 30 0 0 0 30 Corn bushels 139 379 0 139 657 Cotton bags 0 0 6 0 6 Iron tons 0 0 98 0 98 Peas bushels 0 15 0 6 21 Pitch barrels 0 0 23 0 23 Plank feet 0 0 2 0 2 Planks 0 0 1 0 1 Pork barrels 591 640 0 0 1231 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 1 0 400 0 401 Tobacco hhds 0 0 36913 0 36913 Tobacco barrels 2 0 0 0 2 Wine pipes 0 0 13 0 13 TOTAL 763 1034 37456 145 39398 868 TABLE 273 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1749 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 111 0 182 293 Beef barrels 0 0 0 100 100 Biscuits pounds 0 0 0 4500 4500 Corn bushels 1700 6834 0 2704 11238 Handspikes 0 0 24 0 24 Hoops 0 0 784 0 784 Logs feet 0 0 20 0 20 (wa lnu t) Peas bushels 100 110 0 1775 1985 Pig iron tons 0 0 24 0 24 Pitch barrels 0 0 342 0 342 Pitc/1, tar , barrels 0 0 801 0 801 turpentine Plank feet 0 0 6760 0 6760 Planks 0 0 139 0 139 Pork barrels 100 82 0 0 182 Rum hhds 0 0 654 0 654 Rum gallons 0 0 120 0 120 Skins tierces 0 0 1 0 1 Skins hhds 0 0 180 0 180 Skins bundles 0 0 1 0 1 Staves 1000 0 281910 3450 286360 Tobacco hhds 0 0 10099 0 10099 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 3051 .5 3051.5 7 869 TABLE 274 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1749 Good Unit WI NA CB SEO TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 9 0 14 23 Beef barrels 0 0 0 109 109 Biscuits pounds 0 0 0 21 21 Corn bushels 130 524 0 207 861 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Peas bushels 8 8 0 136 152 Pig iron tons 0 0 120 0 120 Pitch barrels 0 0 154 0 154 Pitch , tar , barrels 0 0 503 0 503 turpentine Plank feet 0 0 17 0 17 Planks 0 0 3 0 3 Pork barrels 176 144 0 0 320 Rum hhds 0 0 7553 0 7553 Rum ga llons 0 0 13 0 13 Skins tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 3 0 864 11 878 Tobacco hhds 0 0 50229 0 50229 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 504 504 TOTAL 3 17 685 59456 1002 61460 870 TABLE 275 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1750 Good Unit WI N'A GB SEO iOTA[ Beans bushels 0 100 0 16 .5 116.5 Beef barrels 11 8 24 0 0 142 Beef hhds 0 0 0 15 15 Bread pounds 2492 0 0 0 2492 Corn bushels 17750 17880 0 3259 38889 Deer Skins 0 7 0 0 7 Flour barrels 10 0 0 0 IO Handspikes 0 0 41 0 41 Heading pieces 2000 0 100 0 2100 Hoops 0 0 836 0 836 Iron tons 0 0 47 0 47 Peas bushels 267.5 166 0 793 1226.5 Pig iron tons 0 0 20 0 20 Pitch barrels 0 0 65 0 65 Plank feet 0 3400 8752 0 12152 Planks 0 0 333 0 333 Pork casks 7 0 0 0 7 Pork barre ls 755 75 0 0 830 Salt hhds 0 10 0 0 10 Shingles 102500 0 1600 0 104100 Skins casks 0 0 6 0 6 Skins hhds 0 0 24 0 24 Skins 0 0 200 0 200 Skins barrels 0 0 0 l Skins bundles 0 0 2 0 2 Staves 19300 300 296039 0 315639 Tar barrels 50 0 650 0 700 Tobacco barrels 0 0 0 1 Tobacco hhds 7 0 13730 0 13737 Turpentine barrels 0 0 135 0 135 Wheat bushels 0 260 0 1999.5 2259.5 Wine pipes 0 0 2 0 2 871 TABLE 276 VALU E OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1750 Good Onit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 8 0 l 9 Beef barrels 132 27 0 0 159 Beef hhds 0 0 0 34 34 Bread pounds 10 0 0 0 10 Corn bushels 1332 1342 0 245 2919 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 7 0 0 0 7 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 7 0 0 0 7 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 242 0 242 Peas bushels 20 12 0 59 91 Pig iron tons 0 0 103 0 103 Pitch barrels 0 0 36 0 36 Plank feet 0 10 25 0 35 Planks 0 0 9 0 9 Pork casks 13 0 0 0 13 Pork barrel s 1416 141 0 0 1557 Salt hhds 0 3 0 0 3 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 68 1 1038 0 1107 Tar barrels 19 0 246 0 265 Tobacco barrels 0 0 3 0 3 Tobacco hhds 41 0 80481 0 80522 Turpentine barrels 0 0 77 0 77 Wheat bushel s 0 34 0 264 298 Wine pipes 0 0 35 0 35 TOTAL 3065 1578 82295 603 87541 872 TABLE 277 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1752 Gooa Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beef barrels 47 IO 0 0 57 Bread barrels 4 0 0 17 21 Bread hhds 44 0 0 0 44 Corn bushels 16701.5 30839 0 5400 52940.5 Cotton bags 0 0 6 0 6 Deer Skins 0 0 14 0 14 Deer Skins bund les 0 1 0 0 1 Flour barrels 76 0 0 0 76 Handspikes 0 0 JOO 0 100 Heading pieces 2700 0 3200 0 5900 Hoops 798 0 1170 0 1968 Iron pigs 0 0 260 0 260 Iron tons 0 0 76 0 76 Logs 0 0 20 0 20 (wal nut) Oats bushels 250 12 0 0 262 Peas bushels 855 22 1 0 220 1296 Pig iron tons 0 0 62 0 62 Pitch barrels 0 0 166 0 166 Plank feet 0 280 5311 0 5591 P lanks 0 0 419 0 419 Poles 0 JOO 0 0 100 (hoop) Pork barrels 1141 166 0 35 1342 Rum barrels 1 0 1 0 2 Rum hhds 0 1 0 0 1 Shingles 107000 0 12000 0 119000 Skins cases 0 0 8 0 8 Skins 0 0 90 0 90 Skins bundles 0 0 2 0 2 Skins hhds 0 0 92 0 92 Staves 3600 0 457077 0 460677 Tar barrels 0 0 1069 0 1069 Tobacco hhds 20 2 18573 0 18595 Turpentine barrels 0 0 203 0 203 873 Good 'Onit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Wheat bushels 0 3203 0 4132 7335 Wine qtr casks 0 0 2 0 2 Wine pipes 6 0 0 0 6 874 TABLE 278 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1752 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Beef barrels 72 15 0 0 87 Bread barrels 0 0 0 2 2 Bread hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 1276 2357 0 413 4046 Cotton bags 0 0 41 0 41 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 53 0 0 0 53 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 7 0 8 0 15 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 382 0 382 Logs 0 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Oats bushels 14 I 0 0 15 Peas bushels 48 13 0 12 73 Pig iron tons 0 0 312 0 3 12 Pitch barrels 0 0 99 0 99 Plank feet 0 1 11 0 12 Planks 0 0 9 0 9 Poles 0 0 0 0 0 (hoop) Pork barrels 2464 359 0 76 2899 Rum barrels 3 0 3 0 6 Rum hhds 0 10 0 0 10 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bund les 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 9 0 1163 0 1172 Tar barrels 0 0 322 0 322 Tobacco hhds 122 12 113204 0 113338 Turpentine barrels 0 0 154 0 154 - 875 Good 'Onit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Wheat bushels 0 419 0 540 959 Wine qtr casks 0 0 9 0 9 Wine pipes 108 0 0 0 108 TOTAL 4068 2768 115554 503 122893 876 TABLE 279 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1754 Gooa Unit WI N'A GB SEU TOTA[ Beans bushels 123 367 .5 0 12 502.5 Beef barrels 77 0 0 0 77 Biscuits kegs 80 0 0 0 80 Bread barrels 80 0 0 0 80 Bread casks 24 0 0 0 24 Corn bushels 28510.5 24788 0 65245 118543. 5 Corn and bushels 0 2323 0 0 2323 peas Cotton cwt 0 0 5 0 5 Deer Skin tierces 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins 0 38 29 0 67 Flaxseed casks 0 0 22 0 22 Flaxseed tierces 0 4 0 0 4 Heading pieces 0 500 0 0 500 Hoops 0 0 900 0 900 Logs 0 0 59 0 59 (walnut) Oats bushels 0 239 0 0 239 Peas bushels 1909 .5 278 0 181 2368.5 Pig iron tons 0 0 15 0 15 Plank feet 0 49 2132 0 2181 Planks 0 0 40 0 40 Pork barrels 1150 348 0 16 1514 Pork pounds 0 175 0 0 175 Rum gallons 0 0 111 0 111 Rum hhds 0 0 2 0 2 Rum sm casks 0 0 2 0 2 Shingles 18500 92000 0 0 110500 Skins cases 0 0 3 0 3 Skins hhds 0 0 68 0 68 Skins casks 0 0 2 0 2 Skins bund les 0 0 1 0 1 Staves 2200 5200 349931 2328 359659 Tar barrels 36 0 1053 0 1089 877 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Tobacco hhds 10 0 12742 0 12752 Tobacco barrels 5 0 0 0 5 T urpentine barrels 2 0 2 0 4 Wax barrels 1 0 0 0 1 Wax casks 0 0 0 1 1 W ax boxes 0 0 0 1 Wheat bu hels 0 1193 0 1534 2727 Wine qtr casks 0 0 1 0 1 Wine barrels 0 0 0 1 Wine pipes 4 0 11 0 15 878 TABLE 280 VALU E OFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAM ES RIV ER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1754 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Beans bushels 9 26 0 I 36 Beef barrels 103 0 0 0 103 Biscuits kegs 0 0 0 0 0 Bread barrels 92 0 0 0 92 Bread casks 0 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 198 1 1723 0 4534 8238 Corn and bushels 0 161 0 0 161 peas Cotton cwt 0 0 26 0 26 Deer Skin tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed casks 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed ti erces 0 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 0 I 0 0 1 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Oats bushels 0 17 0 0 17 Peas bushels 133 19 0 13 165 Pig iron tons 0 0 68 0 68 Pl ank feet 0 0 5 0 5 Planks 0 0 I 0 Pork barrels 2090 632 0 29 2751 Pork pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Rum gallons 0 0 11 0 11 Rum hhds 0 0 20 0 20 Rum sm casks 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 6 15 1023 7 1051 Tar barrels 1 1 0 334 0 345 879 Good Onit WI I'JA GB SEO TOTA[ Tobacco hhds 56 0 71687 0 71743 Tobacco barrels 14 0 0 0 14 Turpentine barrels 1 0 1 0 2 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax cas ks 0 0 0 0 0 Wax boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 158 0 203 361 Wine qtr casks 0 0 4 0 4 Wine barrels 0 0 4 0 4 Wine pipes 69 0 189 0 258 TOTAL 4565 2754 73373 4787 85479 880 TABLE 281 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAM ES RIV ER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1756 Good Uni t WI NA GB TOTAL Bar iron tons 0 0 10 10 Beef barrels 79 0 0 79 Bread barrels 88 0 0 88 Corn bushels 21435.5 3400 0 24835.5 Deer Skin chests 0 0 2 2 Deer Sk ins bundles 0 0 2 2 Flour barrels 155 0 0 155 Flour tierces 1 0 0 Heading pieces 100 0 0 100 Heading 1600 1000 1000 3600 (hhd) Hoops 0 0 1430 1430 Indigo boxes 0 0 3 3 Indigo barrels 0 0 26 26 Indigo kegs 0 0 1.5 1.5 Indigo pounds 0 230 0 230 Negroes 2 0 0 2 Peas bushels 1136 86 0 1222 Pig iron tons 0 0 159 .5 159 .5 Plank feet 0 0 404 404 Planks 0 0 321 321 Pork barrels 1048 21 0 1069 Potatoes M 0 0 bushels Rum hhds 0 0 2 2 Shingles 32600 4600 0 37200 Skins cases 0 0 3 3 Skins hhds 0 0 140 140 Skins boxes 0 0 1 Staves 10200 360 248040 258600 Tar barrels 0 20 1268 1288 Tobacco hhds 4 0 9089 9093 Turpentine barrel s 0 0 102 102 Wax barrels 0 0 3 3 Wheat bushels 0 7824 0 7824 881 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Wine pipes 0 0 7 7 - 882 TABLE 282 VALU E OFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAM ES RIV ER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1756 Good 0 111t WI NA GB TOTAL Bar iron tons 0 0 132 132 Beef barrels 112 0 0 112 Bread barrels 97 0 0 97 Corn bushels 1553 246 0 1799 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 102 0 0 102 Flour ti erces 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 0 0 0 0 Heading 3 2 2 7 (hhd) Hoops 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 Indigo kegs 0 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 0 80 0 80 Negroes 66 0 0 66 Peas bushels 82 6 0 88 Pig iron tons 0 0 701 701 Plank feet 0 0 1 I Planks 0 0 5 5 Pork barrels 1865 37 0 1902 Potatoes M 0 0 0 0 bushels Rum hhds 0 0 17 17 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins case 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 Staves 21 1 509 531 Tar barrels 0 7 420 427 Tobacco hhds 20 0 46210 46230 Turpentine barrels 0 0 40 40 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 984 0 984 = - 883 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Wine pipes 0 0 133 133 TOTAL 392 1 1363 48170 53454 884 TABLE 283 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RlVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1758 Good Unit WI NA GB IRE TOTAL Beans bushels 32 569 0 0 601 Cheese pounds 0 0 218 0 218 Corn bushels 1960 30020 0 2000 33980 Corn and bushels 3738 0 0 0 3738 peas Cotton bags 0 0 2 0 2 Cotton pounds 0 0 617 0 617 Cotton barrels 0 0 2 0 2 Handspikes 0 0 243 0 243 Heading pieces 2500 0 1000 0 3500 Hoops M 11 0 0 0 11 Hoops 0 0 3280 0 3280 Indigo barrels 0 0 161 0 161 Indigo bags 0 0 1 0 1 Indigo kegs 0 0 10 0 10 Indigo boxes 0 0 21 0 21 Indigo hhds 0 0 3 0 3 Logs 0 0 6 0 6 (walnut) Peas barrels 0 13 0 0 13 Peas bushels 699 520 0 0 1219 Pig iron pigs 0 0 747 0 747 Pig iron tons 0 0 289 0 289 Plank feet 0 0 11474 0 11474 Planks 0 0 63 0 63 Pork tierces 0 2 0 0 2 Pork hhds 10 4 0 0 14 Pork barrels 2224 1286 0 0 3510 Pork fletches 0 25 0 0 25 Pork pounds 0 4900 0 0 4900 Rice barrels 0 3 0 0 3 Rum gallons 0 41 0 0 41 Shingles 7460 0 0 0 7460 Skins hhds 0 3 85 0 88 13 Skins 0 13 0 0 885 Good Unit WI NA GB IRE TOTAL Staves 23550 800 498314 144500 667164 Staves and 16000 0 0 0 16000 heading Sugar barrels 0 0 5 0 5 Sugar hhds 0 0 16 0 16 Tar barrels 0 0 4188 0 4188 Tobacco hhds 27 0 13219 0 13246 Turpentine barrels 0 0 20 0 20 Wax barrels 0 3 0 0 3 Wax casks 0 0 2 0 2 Wheat bushels 0 5409 0 9532 14941 1 Wine qtr casks 0 0 1 0 pipes 0 0 7 0 7 Wine 886 TABLE 284 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1758 Good Unit Wl NA GB IRE TOTAL Beans bushels 2 35 0 0 37 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 120 1831 0 \22 2073 Corn and bushels 228 0 0 0 228 peas Cotton bags 0 0 11 0 11 Cotton pounds 0 0 27 0 27 Cotton barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 9 0 4 0 13 Hoops M 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo bags 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo kegs 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Peas barrels 0 l 0 0 l Peas bushels 43 32 0 0 75 Pig iron p1gs 0 0 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 1394 0 1394 Plank feet 0 0 32 0 32 Planks 0 0 2 0 2 Pork tierces 0 5 0 0 5 Pork hhds 37 15 0 0 52 Pork barrels 4161 2406 0 0 6567 Pork fletches 0 0 0 0 0 Pork pounds 0 46 0 0 46 Rice barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Rum gallons 0 5 0 0 5 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 0 887 Good Unit wr NA GB IRE TOTAL Staves 83 3 1755 509 2350 Staves and 56 0 0 0 56 heading Sugar barrels 0 0 23 0 23 Sugar hhds 0 0 303 0 303 Tar barrels 0 0 1284 0 1284 Tobacco hhds 178 0 87245 0 87423 Turpentine barrels 0 0 10 0 10 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax casks 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 662 0 1166 1828 Wine qtr casks 0 0 7 0 7 Wine pipes 0 0 184 0 184 TOTAL 4917 5041 92281 1797 104036 888 TABLE 285 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1760 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 125 .5 0 0 125.5 Corn bushels 800 22217 .5 0 0 23017.5 Cotton bags 0 0 18 0 18 Cotton pounds 0 0 300 0 300 Flour barrels 232 7 0 0 239 Furs boxes 0 0 0 1 Furs and bund les 0 0 0 l sk ins Heading pieces 0 0 0 1000 1000 Hoops 0 0 4125 0 4125 Indigo pounds 0 0 100 0 100 Indigo kegs 0 0 1 0 l Indigo barre ls 0 0 51 0 51 Indigo boxes 0 0 36 0 36 Indigo casks 0 0 268 0 268 Iron pigs 0 0 850 0 850 Peas bushels 600 3310 0 0 3910 Pig iron tons 0 0 565.5 0 565.5 Plank feet 0 0 7070 0 7070 Plank M feet 0 0 4 0 4 Plank pieces 0 0 9 0 9 Planks 0 0 140 0 140 Pork boxes 0 1 0 0 1 Pork hhds 5 0 0 0 5 Pork barrel s 386 52 0 0 438 Rum hhds 0 0 3 0 3 Shingles M 0 7 0 0 7 Skins hhds 0 0 185 .25 0 185 .25 Skins bund les 0 0 2 0 2 Skins barrels 0 0 2 0 2 Staves 0 0 502278 3500 505778 Staves and 7000 0 0 0 7000 heading Tobacco hhds 17 2 21989 0 22008 Wax casks 0 0 1 0 889 Good Unit WT NA GB SEU TOTAL Wax hhds 0 0 2 0 2 Wax pounds 0 50 0 0 50 Wheat bushels 0 17463 .5 0 0 17463 .5 Wine tierces 0 0 1 0 1 Wine pipes 0 7 19 0 26 890 TABLE 286 VA LUE OF GOODS EXPORTEDFROM JAMES RIV ER, UPPER DISTRICT , 1760 Good Unit Wl NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 12 0 0 12 Corn bushels 75 2073 0 0 2148 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton pounds 0 0 12 0 12 Flour barrels 195 6 0 0 201 Furs boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Furs and bundles 0 0 0 0 0 sk ins Heading pieces 0 0 0 3 3 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 0 0 25 0 25 Indi go kegs 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Indi go casks 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 0 0 0 0 Peas bushels 56 309 0 0 365 Pig iron tons 0 0 3876 0 3876 Plank feet 0 0 19 0 19 Pl ank M feet 0 0 11 0 11 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 0 Planks 0 0 4 0 4 Pork boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Pork hhcls 22 0 0 0 22 Pork barrels 843 114 0 0 957 Rum hhcls 0 0 47 0 47 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 0 1694 12 1706 Staves and 24 0 0 0 24 heading Tobacco hhds 125 15 161301 0 161441 Wax casks 0 0 0 0 0 89 1 WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Good Onit 0 0 0 Wax hhds 0 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 281 3 0 0 281 3 Wheat bushels 11 0 11 Wine tierces 0 0 222 603 0 825 Wine pipes 0 1340 5564 167603 15 1745 22 TOTAL 892 TABLE 287 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1761 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 15 110 0 0 125 Corn bushels 19960 19673 0 0 39633 Cotton bags 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins 0 0 135 0 135 Flaxseed bushels 0 182 0 0 182 Flaxseed hhds 0 3 0 0 3 Flour barrels 30 223 0 0 253 Furs casks 0 0 1 0 1 Heading pieces 1500 0 1500 0 3000 0 0 2900 0 2900 Hoops M 0 0 0 2 2 Hoops 0 4 0 4 Indigo kegs 0 casks 0 0 37 0 37 Indigo barrels 0 0 189 0 189 Indigo Indigo bags 0 0 1 0 1 boxes 0 0 24 0 24 Indigo bushels 1262 .5 1063 .5 0 0 2326 Peas 0 138 0 138 Pig 0ir on tons barrels 0 0 9 0 9 Pitch 20464 0 5800 0 26264 Plank feet 0 0 125 0 125 Planks pounds 0 200 0 0 200 Pork 0 1 0 0 1 Pork hhds 143 233 0 0 376 Pork barrels 0 0 1 0 1 Rum hhds 4900 200 0 0 5100 Shingles 0 0 7 0 7 Skins casks 0 0 1 0 1 Skins tierces 0 0 148 0 148 Skins hhds 0 2 0 2 Skins barrels 0 37700 0 473410 34000 545110 Staves 0 0 1 0 1 Sugar casks 0 0 1467 0 1467 Tar barrels 36 1 17714 0 17751 Tobacco hhds 0 0 535 0 535 Turpentine barrels 893 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Wax barrels 0 0 I 0 1 Wax pounds 0 169 0 0 169 Wax casks 0 8 0 0 8 Wax hhds 0 0 3 0 3 Wheat bushels 0 20168 0 0 20168 Wine hhds 6 0 0 0 6 Wine pipes 37 6 2 0 45 894 TABLE 288 YALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAMES RlVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1761 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 1 8 0 0 9 Corn bushels 1398 1378 0 0 2776 Cotton bags 0 0 7 0 7 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 23 171 0 0 194 Furs casks 0 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 8 0 8 0 16 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops M 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo kegs 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo bags 0 0 0 0 0 Ind boxes 0 0 0 0 igo 0 Peas bushels 88 75 0 0 163 tons 0 0 906 0 9P 06ig iron Pitch barrels 0 0 4 0 4 0 23 0 104 Plank feet 81 0 5 0 5 Planks 0 pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Pork 4 0 0 4 Pork hhds 0 499 0 0 805 Pork barrels 306 Rum hhds 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhcls 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 194 0 2437 175 2806 Staves 4 0 Sugar casks 0 0 4 426 0 Tar b arrels 0 0 426 254 7 125038 0 125299 Tobacco hhds 0 206 0 206 Turpentine barrels 0 895 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax casks 0 0 0 0 0 Wax hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushe ls 0 2937 0 0 2937 Wine hhds 85 0 0 0 85 Wine pipes 1046 170 57 0 1273 TOTAL 3484 5251 129133 175 138043 896 TABLE 289 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIV ER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1762 Good Onit wr 1'1A GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 68.5 0 68 .5 Beef barrels 4 0 0 4 Corn bushels 3800 45670 0 49470 Cotton bags 0 I 13 14 Flour barrels 0 18 0 18 Ginger barrels 0 2.5 0 2.5 Ginger bags 0 1 0 I Heading pieces 0 0 500 500 Hoops 0 0 4600 4600 Ind igo casks 0 0 51 51 Indigo barrels 0 0 68 68 Indigo tubs 0 0 1 l Indigo boxes 0 0 7 7 Oats bushels 0 38 0 38 Peas bushels 0 12 1.5 0 121.5 Pimento bags 0 1.5 0 1.5 Plank feet 0 2 155 400 2555 Planks 0 55 67 122 Pork pounds 0 10000 0 10000 Pork barrels 139 501 0 640 Rum hhds 0 18 0 18 Shingles 8000 16500 0 24500 Skins bundles 0 0 2 2 Skins cases 0 0 2 2 Skins barrels 0 0 2 2 Skins hhds 0 0 134 134 Staves 0 13200 628280 641480 Sugar hhds 0 0 10 10 Sugar barrels 0 0 2 2 Tobacco hhds 0 7 20196 20203 Turpentine barrels 0 69 0 69 Wax barrels 0 4 0 4 Wheat bushels 031685.75 031685 .75 897 TABLE 290 YALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1762 Good 0111t WI l'JA GB TOTAL Beans bushels 0 7 0 7 Beef barrels 7 0 0 7 Corn bushels 375 4508 0 4883 Cotton bags 0 7 90 97 Flour barrels 0 15 0 15 Ginger barrels 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 Heading pieces 0 0 3 3 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 Indigo tubs 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 Oats bushels 0 4 0 4 Peas bushels 0 12 0 12 Pimento bags 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 9 2 11 Planks 0 2 3 5 Pork pounds 0 121 0 121 Pork barrels 338 1217 0 1555 211 0 21 R 1u m hhds 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 0 S 0k ins bundles 0 0 0 0 S kins cases 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 67 3169 3236 Staves hhds 0 0 187 187 Sugar barrels 0 0 9 9 Sugar hhds 0 48 138301 138349 Tobacco Turp 2 0e 0 6n ti 2n 6e barrels Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 5087 0 5087 Wheat bushels 720 11341 141764 153825 TOTAL 898 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL 899 TABLE 291 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1763 Good Unit WI NA GB UNK TOTAL Bar iron tons 0 0.5 26.5 0 27 Beans bushels 0 10 0 0 10 Beef barrels 0 37 0 0 37 Bread barrels 14 70 0 0 84 Corn bushels 2676.5 42457 0 0 45133.5 Cotton pounds 0 50 0 0 50 Cotton bags 0 0 25 0 25 Flour barrels 100 197 0 0 297 Furs boxes 0 0 1 0 1 Hoops 0 0 9500 0 9500 Indigo casks 0 0 25 0 25 Indigo bags 0 0 3 0 3 Indigo barrels 0 0 35 0 35 Indigo boxes 0 0 2 0 2 Loaf sugar pounds 0 600 0 0 600 Logs 0 0 70 0 70 (walnut) feet 0 0 90 0 Lo 9g 0s (walnut) Lu pieces 6000 0 0 0 6 m 0b 0e 0r 1 0 0 Mol 1a hhds 0 sses 300 0 0 300 Oat 0s bushels bushels 55.5 1147 0 100 1302.5 Peas 0 67 0 67 Pig ir 0o tons n feet 0 400 3940 0 4340 Plank 0 6 71 0 77 Planks barrels 38 344 0 0 382 Pork pounds 0 1400 0 0 1400 Pork bushels 0 1500 0 0 1500 Potatoes hhd 0 7.5 0 0 s 7 .5 Rum 0 5 0 0 5 Rum kegs 0 Rum barrels 0 5 0 5 0 Rum gallons 0 103 0 103 8200 7000 0 0 89000 S 0h ingles 0 Skins bundles 0 30 0 30 900 WI NA GB UNK TO TA[ Good Unit 0 1 0 1 Skins casks 0 0 1 0 1 Skins barrels 0 0 0 2 0 2 Skins boxes 5 113 0 118 Skins hhds 0 65500 1000 7000 757500 0 7 Staves 21 22603 0 22628 Tobacco hhds 4 1 barrels 0 0 1 0 Tobacco 0 7 0 7 0 Wax casks 0 13068 0 220 0 15268 Wheat bushels 0 3 1 0 4 Wine qtr casks 1 hhds 0 0 1 0 Wine 0 6 0 6 Wine pipes 0 901 TABLE 292 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1763 WI NA UNK TOTAL Good Untt 8 414 0 422 Bar iron tons 0 0 0 1 Beans bushels 0 1 0 64 0 0 64 Beef barrels 0 0 131 Bread barrels 22 109 290 4602 0 0 4892 Corn bushels 3 0 0 3 Cotton pounds 0 0 0 162 0 162 Cotton bags 87 171 0 0 258 F lour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Furs boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo bags 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 18 0 0 18 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 0 0 Logs feet 0 (walnut) 0 189 189 0 0 Lumber pieces 0 6 0 6 0 Molasses hhds 0 33 0 33 0 Oats bushels 124 0 11 141 Peas bushels 6 0 349 0 0 349 Pig iron tons 1 12 0 13 0 Plank feet 0 2 0 2 0 Planks 864 0 0 959 Pork barrels 95 0 18 0 18 0 Pork pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 0 85 0 0 85 Rum hhds 0 0 8 0 8 Rum kegs 0 0 16 0 16 Rum barrels 11 0 0 11 0 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 902 Gooa Unit WI NA GB UNK TOTAL Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 ins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Sk aves 4 28 2986 0 3018 St obacco hhds 25 133 14278 1 0 142939 T 3 0 3 Tobacco barrels 0 0 Wax casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 2674 Wheat bushels 0 2289 qtr casks 0 21 7 0 28 Wine Wine hhds 0 0 14 0 14 Wine pipes 0 0 171 0 171 718 8613 146901 396 156628 TOTAL 903 TABLE 293 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1764 WI ~A GB IRE SEU TOTU An Lit Good 0 0 75 Beans bushel 0 s 0 75 0 50 0 0 0 50 Bread tierces bushels 21763 38667 .5 510 0 3144 64084.5 Corn 0 16 0 0 16 Cotton bags 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Flaxseed bags Flour barrels 291 152 0 0 80 523 0 0 312 0 0 312 Handspikes 0 0 3500 0 0 3500 Heading pieces 0 0 3450 0 0 3450 Hoops 0 0 4 0 0 4 Indigo casks 0 0 8 0 0 8 Indigo barrels 0 11 78 0 0 89 Logs (walnut) 0 1 0 0 0 1 Molasses tierces 0 1 0 0 0 1 Molasses hhds 4 0 0 0 0 4 Negroes 46 0 0 0 0 466 Oats bushels 6 0 585 2183 .5 bushels 787.5 811 0 Peas 0 103 0 0 103 Pig iron tons 0 4000 2601 7820 0 4340 18761 Plank feet 5 0 0 0 5 0 Plank pieces 0 20 800 0 0 820 Planks 809 0 0 70 913 barrels 34 Pork 2 0 0 0 2 0 Pork hhds 0 4042 0 0 0 4042 Pork pounds 0 0 334 bushels 0 334 0 Potatoes 0 5 0 0 5 Rice barrels 0 2 2 0 5 9 0 Rum hhds 5 0 0 0 5 Rum barrels 0 57000 45860 0 0 0 102860 Shingles 0 166 0 0 166 0 Skins hhds 0 0 l 0 0 1 Skins boxes 7650 573774 6000 17750 619934 14760 Staves 0 0 0 250 250 0 Staves (pipes) 904 Good Unit WI NA GB IRE SEU TOTAL Sugar barrels 0 2 0 0 0 2 61 0 0 ar barrels 0 0 6 661 T hhds 21 52 15013 0 0 15086 Tobacco 5 0 0 05 Turpentine barrels 0 150 5 2 hds 0 0 1 0 h 0 1 Wax unds 190 0 76 0 500 766 Wax po 30 437 21 Wheat bushels 0 15775 5079 50 7 333 Wine casks 0 10 0 0 0 10 qtr casks 0 0 4 0 0 4 Wine 15.5 0 0 15.5 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 0 6 Wine boxes 6 0 905 TABLE 294 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1764 WI ~A GB IRO En i St EU TOTAL Good bu 0s 0h els 0 6 0 6 Beans 0 82 0 0 0 82 Bread tierces 1725 3065 40 0 249 507b 9u Corn shels bags 0 0 104 0 0 104 Cotton 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed bags 0 101 0 0 53 347 Flour barrels 193 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 11 0 0 11 Heading pieces 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo b arrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 3 0 0 0 3 Molasses tierces 5 0 0 0 5 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 0 0 139 139 Negroes 0 3 bushels 3 7 7 0 0 0 Oats 62 64 0 0 46 172 Peas bushels 0 0 506 0 0 506 Pig iron tons 7 20 0 11 48 Plank feet 10 0 0 0 0 0 Plank pieces 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 Planks 2299 0 0 199 2595 Pork barrels 97 11 0 0 0 11 0 Pork hhds 0 57 0 0 0 57 Pork pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice barrels 0 0 20 20 0 so 90 Rum hhds 14 0 0 0 14 0 Rum barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 24 1792 19 55 1936 46 Staves 0 0 0 1 1 0 Staves (pipes) 906 Gooa Onit wr NA GB IRE SEU TOTAL Sugar barrels 0 8 0 0 0 8 Tar barrels 0 0 236 0 0 236 Tobacco hhds 120 297 85827 0 0 86244 Turpentine barrels 0 73 27 0 0 100 Wax hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 2099 676 669 990 4434 Wine casks 0 73 0 0 0 73 Wine qtr casks 0 0 29 0 0 29 Wine pipes 0 0 453 0 0 453 Wine boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 2429 8308 89761 688 1654 102840 907 TABLE 295 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1765 Unit WI NA GB SEO TOTAL Good Beans 28 134 0 0 b 1u 6s 2h els Beef barrels 0 0 0 6 6 0 B 2r 1e ad 0 barrels 20 1 0 1940 Br 0e ad pounds 0 1940 0 0 40 Cheese pounds 0 40 0 0 50 Chocolate pound ss 0 o Coffee barrels 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 Coffee bags 0 0 6516 73270 Corn bushels 13840 52914 0 630 0 0 630 Cotton pounds 273 0 549 1232 Flour barrels 410 0 0 312 0 312 Handspikes 0 1 0 1 Indigo casks 0 so 0 0 50 Indigo pounds 0 0 356.75 0 356.75 Iron tons 0 0 0 550 0 550 Iron pounds 1 0 0 1 Molasses barrels 0 0 0 1 1 Peas barrels 0 1912 701 0 0 2613 Peas bushels 0 0 320 0 320 Pig iron tons 53 0 0 53 Pitch barrels 0 0 5 60 0 65 Plank pieces 0 2760 2009 0 4769 Plank feet 0 340 4 so 294 Planks 0 1720 0 0 1720 Por k pounds 119.5 0 6 481.5 Pork b 3ar 5r 6e ls 4 0 0 4 0 Potatoes bushels 0 1 0 0 I Potatoes barrels 4 0 0 4 0 Rum barrels 118 0 0 118 0 Rum gallons 0 2 0 2 0 Rum casks 0 0 1 0 1 Rum punch- eons 16 0 0 16 0 Rye bushels 1000 0 0 207480 206480 Shingles 908 d Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Goo ases 0 0 1 0 1 Skins c undles 0 0 1 0 1 Skins b Skins hhds 0 0 40 0 40 Skins 0 36 0 0 36 Skins barrels 0 0 1 0 1 rrels 0 2 0 0 2 Spirits ba 3150 18950 166764 0 188864 Staves 0 86 Tar barrels 56 30 0 ea pounds 0 10 0 0 10 T hhds 13 22 8220 0 8255 Tobacco 4 0 0 4 Turpentine barrels 0 ds 0 0 1 0 1 Wax hh bushels 0 24108 0 17133 41241 Wheat 2 0 0 2 Wine casks 0 0 0 2 0 2 Wine hhds 0 2 0 2 Wine pipes 0 909 TABLE 296 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1765 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Beans bushels 2 12 0 0 14 Beef barrels 0 0 0 10 10 Bread barrels 26 1 0 0 27 Bread pounds 0 13 0 0 13 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrel s 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 1226 4687 0 577 6490 Cotton pounds 0 35 0 0 35 Flour barrels 291 194 0 389 874 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 1846 0 1846 Iron pounds 0 0 1 0 I Molasses barrels 0 2 0 0 2 Peas barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Peas bushels 169 62 0 0 231 Pig iron tons 0 0 1656 0 1656 Pitch barrels 0 27 0 0 27 Plank pieces 0 0 2 0 2 Plank feet 0 9 6 0 15 Planks 0 2 9 0 11 Pork pounds 0 19 0 0 19 Pork barrels 779 262 0 13 1054 Potatoes bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Rum barrels 0 37 0 0 37 Rum gallons 0 10 0 0 10 Rum casks 0 0 19 0 19 Rum punch- 0 0 9 0 9 eons Rye bushels 0 1 0 0 1 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 910 Gooa Uni t WI NA G B SEU TOTAL 0 s cases 0 0 0 0 Skin bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 els 0 19 0 0 19 Spirits barr 13 76 671 0 760 Staves 0 11 0 0 31 Tar barrels 2 Tea pounds 0 2 0 0 2 hhds 77 130 4 8682 0 48889 Tobacco 2 0 0 2 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 0 Wax hhds 0 0 0 3335 0 2370 5705 Wheat bushels 0 14 0 0 14 Wine casks 0 0 28 0 28 Wine hhds 0 0 56 0 56 Wine pipes L 2603 8962 52985 3359 67909 TOTA 911 TABLE 297 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1766 u UNK TOTAL Good Unit wr N'A tons 0 0 22 0 0 22 Bar iron 0 0 0 267 Beans bushels 228 39 barrel 0 0s 0 5 0 5 Beef 0 0 0 1 0 1 Biscuits tierces 0 0 3 0 3 Bread hhds 0 0 0 0 0 117 Bread tierces 117 44 0 0 0 44 Brea 0d barrels 0 0 0 11 0 11 Bread casks 6739 0 1829 0 22428 1 C 38o 6rn bushels 0 0 28 0 0 28 Cotton bags 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 Flaxseed hhds 460 0 1328 barrels 65 23 780 Flour 0 0 0 0 100 100 Hams 0 613 0 0 613 0 Handspikes 1 0 0 1 bags 0 0 Hemp 1 0 0 1.5 tons 0 0 .5 Hemp 0 2 0 0 2 0 Hemp hhds 0 1 0 0 1 Hemp bundles 0 287 0 0 2870 0 0 0 Hoops 0 3 0 0 3 0 Indigo boxes IO 0 0 10 barrels 0 0 Indigo 0 4 0 0 4 0 Indigo casks 91 0 0 91 0 0 Iron bars 680 0 0 680 0 0 Iron pigs 306 0 0 306 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 0 1188 388 800 Oats bushels 0 0 0 0 3 3 Peas hhds 0 37 0 37 0 0 0 2969 Peas casks 0 531 bushels 2228 210 142 0 0 366 Peas 0 224 0 0 81924 Pitch barrels 62148 1821 f 5e 1561 Plank et 0 242 0 0 242 0 0 0 728 Plank pieces 728 0 0 0 0 1000 Planks 0 1000 0 Pork pounds 5 0 34 12 17 0 Pork barrels 912 WI NA GB SEU UNK TOTAL Good Unit 0 0 0 200 Potatoes bushels 0 200 0 0 1 Rum punch- 0 0 eons casks 0 0 1 0 0 I Rum 4 0 0 4 Rum hhds 0 0 3 0 0 3 Rum barrels 0 0 241500 0 0 0 0 241500 Shingles 0 0 0 I Skins bundles 0 I 0 0 1 Skins boxes 0 0 0 56 0 0 56 Skins 0 0 143 0 0 143 Skins hhds 0 100 3000 555359 1200 9500 569159 Staves 0 1 0 0 1 Sugar barrels 0 793 412 0 0 1205 0 Tar barrels 0 18634 0 115 18771 2 Tobacco hhds 2 0 0 48 pentine barrels 0 20 28 Tur 0 0 2000 0 2000 Wax pounds 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Wax barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Wax hhds 0 30632 0 33574 t bushels 0 2942 0 Whea 0 1 0 0 I Wine chests 0 1 0 0 0 I 0 Wine pipes 913 TABLE 298 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1766 Good Umt wt NA EU UNK TOTAL 0 0 348 0 0 348 Bar iron tons 4 0 0 0 27 Beans bushel s 23 0 0 0 8 0 8 Beef barrels 0 0 1 0 1 Biscuits tierces 0 0 0 8 0 8 Bread hhds 0 0 0 0 0 209 Bread tierces 209 59 0 0 0 59 Bread b arrels 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 Bread casks 680 0 185 0 2264 Corn bushels ]399 0 0 193 0 0 193 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed hhds 53 19 633 373 0 1078 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hams 0 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp bags 0 0 49 0 0 49 0 Hemp tons 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp hhds 0 0 0 bundles 0 0 0 Hemp 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron bars 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 1613 0 0 1613 0 Iron tons 81 0 0 0 120 Oats bushels 39 0 0 0 0 2 2 Peas hhds 0 0 13 0 13 0 Peas casks 0 54 0 300 bushels 225 21 Peas 119 75 0 0 194 0 Pitch barrels 5 200 0 0 264 59 Plank feet 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 23 Plank pieces 23 0 0 0 0 12 Planks 0 12 0 0 Pork pounds 40 0 12 0 80 28 Pork barrels 914 WI NA GB :SEU UNK TOTA[ Gooa Unit Potatoes bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rum punch- 0 0 10 0 0 10 eons s 0 0 3 0 0 3 Rum cask 9 0 0 39 Rum hhds 0 0 3 0 0 8 0 0 8 Rum barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes Skins 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 12 2236 5 38 2291 Staves 0 5 0 0 5 Sugar barrels 0 0 290 150 0 0 440 Tar barrels 0 128890 0 795 129837 Tobacco hhds 152 13 18 0 0 31 Turpentine barrels 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax hhds 517 0 5385 0 5902 0 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Wine chests 0 30 0 0 0 30 0 Wine pipes 1902 134501 6059 833 145484 2189 TOTAL 915 TABLE 299 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1768 Unit WI N'A GB IRE SEU TOTAL Gooa bushels 133 624 138 .5 64 148.25 1107.75 Beans 0 0 86 174 Bread casks 88 0 0 0 16 140 Bread barrels 80 44 4 0 0 0 0 4 Bread bags 39114.5 24084 11257 0 19755 94210 .5 Corn bushels 0 2 0 0 0 2 Cotton bales Cotton hhds 0 0 6 0 0 6 815 700 0 0 1515 Cotton pounds 0 3 60 0 0 63 Cotton bags 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 Flax pounds 12 0 0 0 12 Flaxseed tierces 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Flaxseed hhds 280 626 0 10 1020 104 Flour barrels 389 0 0 0 549 938 Flour casks 0 2 0 0 2 0 Ginger bags 0 3 0 0 3 0 Ginger hhds 0 20 0 0 0 20 Hams 228 475 0 0 4523 3820 Heading pieces 0 123 0 0 123 bales 0 Hemp 0 0 49 pounds 0 0 49 Hemp 0 76 0 0 76 0 Hemp cwt 0 0 3 0 0 3 Hemp quarters 0 4 0 0 4 Hemp hhds 0 6 25 0 0 31 Hemp tons 0 0 5159 0 0 11059 5900 Hoops 0 1 0 0 1 Indigo barrels 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 Indigo boxes 0 9 0 0 9 Indigo cask 0 s 10924 0 0 0 10924 Iron pounds 0 0 0 1573 0 0 1573 Iron bars 0 16 0 0 16 0 Iron cwt 0 1547 0 0 1547 0 Iron pigs 7 327 .25 0 0 334 .25 0 Iron tons 2 0 0 0 2 0 Loaf sugar hhds 711 1300 0 0 0 2011 Oats bushels 916 'Ontt WI I'JA IRE SEU TOTAL Good 1 0 0 0 0 1 Peas hhds 0 1922 7634 Peas bushels 4022.25 733 956.75 0 20 374 0 0 394 Pitch barrels 0 0 584 Plank pieces 569 0 15 9157 31211 Plank feet 8 0 5 0 1989 19215 14 0 0 0 14 P 0la nks 0 0 132 Pork barrels 132 0 0 600 0 0 0 2200 16 P 00o pounds rk 0 2 0 0 2 Pork casks 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 Rice barrels 0 0 6 0 0 6 Rice tierces 0 1 0 9 10 Rum barrels 0 0 4 12 hhds 0 0 8 Rum 0 1 0 0 1 0 Rum tierces 0 18 0 0 0 18 Rye bushels 5000 0 5000 46 65 50 70 2 5 449225 Shingles 0 0 220 0 0 220 Skins hhds 0 1 0 0 1 0 Skins tierces 0 16 0 0 16 0 Skins 0 4 0 0 4 0 Skins bundles 3000 419696 0 29175 499546 47675 Staves 0 154 1 5 139 0 Tar barrels 0 8 16550 0 0 16576 18 Tobacco hhds 441 0 0 456 0 15 Turpentine barrels 3 0 0 3 0 0 Wax tons 0 0 0 2 2 0 Wax casks 0 10 4 6 20 ba 0rr els 0 0 400 911 Wax 0 511 pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Wax 0 Wax hhds 023258 .75 15018 1141332440.75 82130.5 Wheat bushels 0 12 0 0 12 Wine qtr casks 0 6 0 0 15 0 9 hhds 14 0 0 14 Wine 0 0 Wine pipes ----- 917 TABLE 300 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1768 WI NA GB IRE SEU TOTAL Good tJmt 11 5 11 85 Beans bushels IO 48 124 0 0 0 122 246 Bread casks barrels 113 62 0 0 23 198 Bread bags 3 0 0 0 0 3 Bread 3017 1857 868 0 1524 7266 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton hhds 0 42 36 0 0 78 Cotton pounds 18 369 0 0 387 Cotton bags 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flax 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed tierces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed hhds 25 57 0 1 92 9 Flour barrels 0 0 casks 0 0 0 0 Flour 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hams 1 2 0 0 15 12 Heading pieces 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp bales 0 0 1 0 0 1 Hemp pounds 0 97 0 0 97 Hemp cwt 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Hemp quarters 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp hhds 0 153 637 0 0 790 0 Hemp to ns 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 69 0 0 0 69 0 Iron pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron bars 0 4 0 0 4 0 Iron cwt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 34 1611 0 0 1645 0 Iron tons 28 0 0 0 28 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 1 10 50 555 0 0 Oats bushels 918 Peas hhds 1 0 0 0 0 1 bushels 310 57 74 0 148 5P 8e 9a s barrels 0 9 161 0 0 170 Pitch pieces 15 0 0 0 0 15 Plank feet 2 5 so 0 24 81 Plank Planks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pork barrels 291 0 0 0 0 291 0 Pork p 0 o 2u 5n ds 18 7 0 0 4 0 0 4 Pork casks 0 Rice barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice tierces 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rum barrels 0 0 3 0 26 29 0 0 84 0 42 126 Rum hhds 6 0 0 6 Rum tierces 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Rye bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins tierces 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 Skins bun 0 d les 0 154 10 1358 0 94 1616 Staves 0 5 46 0 0 51 Tar barrels 57 ]18933 0 0 119119 1 T 2o 9b acco hhds 0 7 210 0 0 217 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax tons 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax barrels 0 0 0 pounds 0 0 0 Wax 0 0 0 hhds 0 0 0 Wax 4404 2844 2161 6143 15552 Wheat bushels 0 0 86 0 0 86 Wine qtr casks 0 0 129 86 0 0 215 Wine hhds 0 0 401 0 0 401 Wine pipes 1280 2166 8158 149755 4263 7128 40 TOTAL 919 TABLE 301 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1769 Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good Beans bushels 100.5 189.5 0 105 395 B 368 9r 3e 3a d barre 0ls 360 205 Bread pounds 0 4000 0 0 4000 Corn bushels 31395 .5 44940.5 0 32809 109145 Cotton bags 0 3 7 0 10 812 538 10 2911 4271 Flour barrels 0 0 144 0 144 Handspikes tons 0 44.5 21.8 0 66.3 Hemp 0 0 11 0 11 Hemp bales 15 0 15 Hemp bundles 0 0 0 6 5 0 11 Hemp quarters cwt 0 92 179 0 271 Hemp pounds 0 28 22 0 50 Hemp 1920 0 10220 0 12140 Hoops 0 0 19 0 19 Indigo casks 0 0 1 0 1 Indigo boxes barrels 0 0 1 0 I Indigo 0 0 850 0 850 Iron pigs 0 17 589.75 0 606 .75 Iron tons 200 0 0 200 Loaf sugar 0 pounds 0 0 0 600 Oats bushels 600 332.5 227 0 47 .5 607 Peas bushels 0 0 49 0 49 Pitch barrels 800 14082 0 19882 5000 Plank feet 368 0 0 0 368 Plank pieces 371 0 268 36 675 Planks 1 07 0 1729 pounds 29 0 Pork 0 0 0 1 Pork hhds 1 0 0 0 442 Pork barrels 442 200 0 0 200 Potatoes bushels 0 0 3 9 0 12 Rum hhds 0 1 0 1 0 Rum punch- eons 1.5 0 0 2.5 Rum barrel 1 s 0 22 0 0 22 Rye bushels 920 Gooa Onit WJ NA GB SEU TOTA[ Shing les 283350 5000 0 0 288350 Skins hhds 0 0 211 0 21 I Staves 12560 6974 519624 29264 568422 Tar barrels 40 0 104 0 144 Tea box I 0 0 0 1 Tea pounds 0 150 0 0 150 Tobacco hhds 11 17 21427 0 21455 Turpentine barre ls 50 0 10 0 60 Wax casks 0 0 0 6 6 Wax pounds 0 0 0 337 .75 337 .75 Wheat hhds 0 0 0 2 2 Wheat bushels 0 16612 9241 217116 242969 W ine qtr casks 0 6 2 0 8 Wine casks 2 0 6 0 8 Wine pipes 0 0 3 0 3 ABSTRACT NOMIC GROWTH lN THE D ECO Title of Dissertat ion : TRAD E AN CHESA PEA KE EIGHTEENTH-CENT URY 9 en Gregg Hardy, Doct or of Philosophy , 199 Steph directed by : Professor Alison G. Olson Dissertation Department of History rowth of the ecoi1omy of Maryland and is dissertation explores the g Th ping Lists for 1600s to 1775 using t he Naval Officer Ship Virginia from the late on fo r te cargo and ship infor mati ese colon ies . These r ecords contain comple th the America n sh ip entrances and clea rances . By the eve of almost 40,000 e ed a level of income fr om this external trad Chesapeake colonists enjoy Revolution, ry. The pattern of gro wth, however, was ding centu that was unmatched in the prece trade declined, as did , earnings from t stead ily upward . Fro m 1665 to the 1680s no , trade and the terms 5 e terms of trade. From 1690 to 170 the price of tobacco an d th 705 to the 1740s. Fro m the 1 improved, only to dec line and stagnate from of trade port earnings and re was a rapid but vari able growth in both ex 1740s to 1775, the ecedented levels of inc ome and comfo rt. of trade afford ing unp r lerms , improvements in ship ping efficiency This growth did not m ainly come from ary Walton. Before the 1740s, freight rates ggested by James Shepherd and G as su g. Only after the s dec lined significantly because of advances in tobacco packin 1740 , the decline in freight rates in did shipping industry efficienc y increase . However rapid slight , so the increased efficien cy was not responsible for the this period wa n the Chesapeake economy wa s. growth of the 1740s. Diversif ication i ke the 1740s to 1775, agricultura l production in the Chesapea From his diversification-largely into grain crops-opened new diversified dramatically . T rn Europe, hesapeake produce. The marke ts in the West Indies, Southe markets for C mportant. To carry these and other North American col onies became increasi ngly i Virginia s to their market, entrepreneur ial res idents of Maryland and new crop wnership. By the time of the R evolution , both d in increasing levels of ship oin veste in this industry and the earning s from the carrying trade the cap ital invested provided a significant source o f income. Maryland and Virginia colonis ts ran r, From the 1740s to J7 75, howe ve ut, their economies remained st able and even grew rapidly . chronic trade deficits. B this capital was invested in British capital made up the trad e deficits , and much of . d ? ? t J?ust in i ncreased levels of consumption Pl?o uct1ve enterprise, 11 0 TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHESAPEAKE by Stephen Gregg Hardy Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the Uni vers ity of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1999 Advisory Conm1ittee: Professor Alison G. Olson , Chair Professor Lois Green Carr Professor Emory G. Evans Professor John J. McCusker Professor Whitman H. Ridgway Professor John J. Wallis II TS FOR VOLUME FOU R TABLE OF CONTEN esapeake (continued) ...... 921 Appendix 4: Trade Da ta for the Colonial Ch 921 TABLE 302 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1769 Unit WI NA SEU TOTAL Good 0 9 35 Beans bushels 9 17 519 296 0 531 1346 Bread barrels 0 0 29 Bread pounds 0 29 bushels 2790 3993 0 2915 9698 Corn 0 16 37 0 53 Cotton bags 459 9 2481 3641 Flour barrels 692 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 1305 639 0 1944 Hemp tons 0 0 0 0 Hemp bales 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp bundles quarters 0 2 2 0 4 Hemp 0 135 262 0 397 Hemp cwt 0 0 0 0 Hemp pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 boxes 0 0 0 0 Indigo 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 85 2964 0 3049 Iron tons 0 0 6 0 0 6 Loaf sugar pounds 0 53 53 0 0 Oats bushels 30 20 0 4 54 Peas bushels 0 19 0 19 Pitch barrels 0 2 36 0 51 13 Plank feet 0 0 0 9 9 Plank pieces 0 7 1 17 9 Planks 0 0 0 22 Pork pounds 22 5 0 0 0 5 Pork hhds 0 0 0 1126 Pork barrels 1126 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 0 33 99 0 132 Rum hhds 0 11 0 11 0 Rum punch- eons 0 0 8 3 5 Rum barrels 2 0 0 2 0 Rye bushels 922 nit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good U hingles 0 0 0 0 0 S 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 40 22 1656 93 1811 Staves Tar barrels 13 0 34 0 47 Tea box 0 0 0 0 0 17 Tea pounds 0 17 0 0 149 187375 0 187620 Tobacco hhds 96 Turpentine barrels 23 0 5 0 28 ax casks 0 0 0 0 0 W 0 0 0 0 Wax pounds 0 0 0 Wheat hhds 0 0 0 els 0 2889 1607 3 7757 42253 Wheat bush 0 46 15 0 61 Wine qtr casks casks 15 0 46 0 61 Wine 91 0 91 Wine pipes 0 0 5467 9528 194914 48791 253700 TOTAL 923 TABLE 303 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1771 WI NA B SEU TOTALGood U mt 0 0 106 Beans bushels 0 106 0 0 0 41 Beef barrels 41 60 0 0 60 Biscuits kegs 0 700 5000 4000 16000 Bi 0sc uits pounds 0 30 0 0 30 Biscuits barrels 0 21 0 0 109 Bread barrels 88 30 0 0 30 Cheese pounds 0 0 so 0 0 so Chocolate pounds Corn 10815 2000 5869 40499 bushels 21815 0 2 0 0 2 Flaxseed casks 1186 0 553 1897 Flour barrels 158 0 0 36 0 36 Handspikes 0 200 0 4052 Heading pieces 3852 Hemp bales 0 13 0 0 13 301 0 0 301 Hemp pounds 0 19 0 0 19 Hemp cwt 0 3 0 0 3 Hemp quarters 0 11 .5 0 0 11 . tons 0 5 Hemp 0 0 898 0 898 Hoops 0 0 292.75 0 292.75 Iron tons 500 0 0 500 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 0 2 0 2 Logs (walnut) 0 I 0 0 1 Molasses hhds 1 150 0 27 294 Peas bushels 17 156 I 100 15737 0 16993 Plank feet 0 255 0 255 0 Planks 1 casks 1 0 0 0 Pork 0 0 0 49 Pork barrels 49 0 10 tierces 0 0 10 Rice 1 1 0 2 Rum barrels 0 0 8 8 0 16 Rum hhds 9 0 0 9 Rye bushels 0 60 0 0 60 Salt bushels 0 308900 1360 0 0 310260 Shingles 924 On1t WI NA GB SEU TO TA[ Gooa Skins bundles 0 1 9 0 10 0 43 0 0 43 Skins 0 150 Skins hhds 0 0 150 23288 9800 591541 9600 634229 Staves 1 0 5 Sugar barrels 0 4 0 0 166 0 166 Tar barrels 22 6 23338 0 23366 Tobacco hhds 0 48 0 48 Turpentine barrels 0 0 5 0 0 5 Wax barrels hhds 1 0 4 0 5 Wax 0 1 1 Wax casks 0 0 0 30274 0 34846 65120 Wheat bushels 0 2 0 2 Wine pipes 0 925 TABLE 304 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1771 Umt WI 'f'JA GB SEU TOTAL Good 0 11 Beans bushels 0 11 0 0 0 64 Beef barrels 64 0 0 25 0 0 25 Biscuits kegs 2366 1893 7571 Biscuits pounds 0 3312 barrels 0 25 0 0 25 Biscuits barrels 137 33 0 0 170 Bread 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate 2304 1142 211 620 4277 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed casks 149 1118 0 521 1788 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 1 0 17 Heading pieces 16 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp bales 0 4 0 0 4 Hemp pounds cwt 0 31 0 0 31 Hemp quarters 0 1 0 0 1 Hemp 0 379 0 0 379 Hemp tons 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 1413 0 1413 0 Iron tons 0 15 0 0 15 Loaf sugar pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 5 0 0 5 Molasses hhds 0 3 31 bushels 12 16 0 Peas 4 51 0 56 1 Plank feet 0 8 0 8 0 Planks 2 0 0 0 2 Pork casks 0 0 0 119 119 Pork barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Rice tierces 3 3 0 6 0 Rum barrels 0 85 85 0 170 Rum hhds 0 1 0 0 1 Rye bushels 0 3 0 0 3 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 926 nit wr NA GB SEU TOTAL Good O 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 95 40 2417 39 2591 Staves 0 23 Sugar barrels 0 18 5 barrels 0 0 62 0 62 Tar 232 63 246511 0 246806 Tobacco hhds 0 21 0 21 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax barrels s 0 0 0 0 0 Wax hJ1d 0 0 0 Wax casks 0 0 shels 0 6194 0 7129 13323 Wheat bu pipes 0 0 60 0 60 Wine 3131 12528 253214 10205 2790 78 TOTAL 927 TABLE 305 QUANTITY OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO R, UPPER DISTRICT, 172 5 JAMES RIVE Gooa Unit W I NA TDTA[ Cotton bags 0 1 1 Molasses hhds 4 33 37 tierces 0 45 45 Molasses 7 Rum barrels 0 7 hhds 9 17 26 Rum Rum tierces 0 22 22 bushels 0 1290 0 12900 Salt 15 Sugar barrels 9 6 hhds 3 0 3 Sugar tierces 0 20 20 Sugar 0 4 4 Wine pipes 928 TABLE 306 ODS IMPORTED INTO VALUE OF GO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1725 Unit WI NA TOTA[ Good 0 Cotton bags 0 0 es hhds 21 175 196 Molass 4 Molasses tierces 0 144 14 Rum barrels 0 21 21 hhds 97 183 28 0 Rum tierces 0 13 5 135 Rum Salt bushels 0 1236 1236 barrels 38 25 63 Sugar 0 42 Sugar hhds 42 tierces 0 231 231 Sugar pipes 0 59 59 Wine 198 2209 2407 TOTAL 929 TABLE 307 GOODS IMPORTED INTO QUANTITY OF JAMES RIVER, UPPER DI STRJCT, 1726 'Onit WI l'JA TOTA[ Good Cheese pounds 0 1000 1000 Indigo pounds 56 0 56 Molasses tierces 2 6 8 sses barrels 3 7 10 Mola Molasses hhds 18 15 33 erces 19 9 2 8 Rum ti Rum barrels 85 3 88 31 25 56 Rum hhds 50 Salt bushels 800 450 12 6 Sugar tierces 1 5 0 Sugar barrels 88 2 9 s 15 8 23 Sugar hhd 0 8 8 Wine barrels 930 TABLE 308 VALUE OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO DISTRICT, 1726 JAMES RIVER, UPPER WI NA TOTA[ Good Unit 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 6 18 24 Molasses tierces O 14 Molasses barrels 4 I hhds 91 76 167 Molasses 0 93 Rum tierces 63 3 272 IO 282 Rum barrels 649 Rum hhds 359 290 51 29 80 Salt bushels 12 60 72 Sugar tierces 9 397 Sugar barrels 388 220 1 17 337 Sugar hhds 8 28 ine barrels 0 2 W 1466 677 2143 TOTAL 93 I TABLE 309 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO 1727 JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, AL Good Onh wr NA TOT Cotton pounds 0 500 500 14 Molasses tierces 12 2 ds 4 18 2 2 Molasses hh barrels 0 8 8 Molasses Rum tierces 32 4 36 1 30 31 Rum hhds barrels 45 2 2 67 Rum 0 256 256 Salt hhds 550 Salt bushels 1200 6350 7 0 Sugar pounds 0 1200 120 IO IO Sugar tierces 0 els 84 13 97 Sugar barr 6 2 8 Sugar hhds 0 1 1 Wine barrels 214 214 Wrought pounds 0 iron 932 TABLE 310 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORT ED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DIST RICT, 1727 Gooa Unit W I NA TOTAL otton pounds 0 0 0 C Molasses tierces 35 6 41 9 87 106 Molasses hhds 1 0 11 11 Molasses barrels Rum tierces 184 23 207 hJ1ds 10 302 3 12 Rum Rum barrels 125 61 186 0 124 124 Salt hhds 83 439 522 Salt bushels Sugar pounds 0 12 12 tierces 0 105 105 Sugar 321 50 371 Sugar barrels 25 10] Sugar hhds 76 0 3 3 Wine barrels 0 0 0 Wrought pounds iron 853 1248 2101 TOTAL 933 TABLE311 ODS IMPORTED INTO QUANTITY OF GO JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1730 wr NA SEU TOTA[ Good Onit 0 0 500 Cheese pounds 0 50 cwt 0 1 0 1 Cotton ses tierces 0 17 0 17 Molas 0 6 Molasses barrels 0 6 hhds 4 18 0 22 Molasses tierces 10 12 0 22 Rum 0 28 Rum barrels 10 18 1 1 16 0 27 Rum hhds 0 1506 Salt bushels 0 1506 1 3 0 4 Sugar hhds ls 10 2 1 0 31 Sugar barre 0 0 108 108 Wine pipes 934 TABLE 312 VALUE OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPE R DISTRICT, 1730 Unit wr NA SEU TOTAL Gooa 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 cwt 0 0 0 0 Cotton 0 1096 0 1096 Molasses tierces 0 184 Molasses barrels 0 184 1921 0 2348 Molasses hhds 427 50 59 0 109 Rum tierces 0 67 Rum barrels 24 43 95 139 0 234 Rum hhds 0 153 0 153 Salt bushels 37 0 49 Sugar hhds 12 37 78 0 115 Sugar barrels 0 0 1456 1456 Wine pipes 645 3710 1456 581 1 TOTAL 935 TABLE 313 QUANTITY OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER D ISTRICT, 1731 L Good 'O'nit WI NA TOTA 0 3 Cotton bags 3 Ginger bags 5 0 5 11 11 Molasses tierces 0 19 27 Molasses hhds 8 Molasses barrels 0 2 2 700 Plank feet 0 700 41 6 47 Rum tierces Rum hhds 6 70 76 25 9 34 Rum barrels hhds 0 14 14 Salt shels 1500 3000 45 00 Salt bu s 0 20 20 Salt barrel 3 4 Sugar tierces 1 2 1 3 Sugar h11ds barrels 63 43 106 Sugar 1 0 1 Wine pipes 936 TABLE 314 VALUE OF GOODS IMPO RTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER D ISTRICT, 1731 Unit WI NA TOT A[ Good Cotton bags 13 0 13 0 0 0 Ginger bags Molasses tierces 0 30 30 hhds 36 85 1 21 Molasses barrels 0 3 3 Molasses 1 Plank feet 0 1 12 31 243 Rum tierces 2 hhds 54 63 3 687 Rum ls 62 22 84 Rum barre hhds 0 5 5 Salt 123 246 369 Salt bushels 0 3 3 Salt barrels 41 Sugar tierces 10 31 25 13 38 Sugar hhds 239 163 402 Sugar barrels 13 0 13 Wine pipes 787 1266 2053 TOTAL 937 TABLE 315 QUANTITY OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO JAMES RIVER , UPPER DIS TRICT, 1732 Unit WI NA TOTAL Good 0 29 29 Cheese 25 25 Coffee pounds 0 Coffee bags 1 0 1 1 0 I Cotton pockets Cotton bags 9 0 9 Ginger bags 20 0 20 1 0 1 Indigo bags sses tierces 1 8 3 21 Mola 57 Molasses hhds 7 50 0 25 25 Pimento pounds 5 Pimento bags 5 0 hhds 43 7 4 117 Rum .5 56.5 Rum tierces 45 11 .5 Rum barrels 37.5 29 66 2400 3300 570 0 Salt bushels hhds 0 30 30 Salt 80 28.5 108.5 Sugar barrels s 0 1 l Sugar hhd 0 2 2 Sugar tierces 938 TABLE 316 VALUE OF GOODS IMPOR TED INTO S RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT , 1732 JAME Gooa Unit Wl N A TOTAL 0 0 Cheese 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 pockets 4 0 4 Cotton tton bags 33 0 33 Co Ginger bags 0 0 0 o bags 0 0 0 Indig 8 55 Molasses tierces 47 215 245 Molasses hJ1ds 30 nds 0 0 0 Pimento pou 0 Pimento bags 0 0 hhds 351 604 955 Rum Rum tierces 210 54 264 84 65 149 Rum barrels 385 Salt bushels 162 223 hhds 0 1 4 14 Salt 290 103 393 Sugar barrels 0 12 12 Sugar hhds es 0 20 20 Sugar tierc 1211 1318 2529 TOTAL 939 TABLE 317 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1733 WI NA FR TOTAL Gooa Omt parcels 0 1 0 1 Beeswax 0 4800 0 4800 Cheese pounds 1 0 0 1 Coffee barrels 1 0 0 1 Cotton barrels 0 1 Cotton bag 1 s 0 tierces 1 29 0 30 Molasses 7 0 7 Molasses barre ls 0 28 35 0 63 Molasses hhds 40 0 102 142 Negroes barrels 0 2 0 2 Pork 0 2500 0 2500 Rice pounds 12 0 48 Rum tierces 36 24 67 0 91 Rum hhds 22 12 .5 0 34.5 Rum barrels 0 0 443 Rum gallons 443 60 0 0 60 Salt tons 1300 2860 0 4160 Salt bushels 0 58 0 58 Salt hhds 48 so 0 98 Sugar barrels 1 0 4 Sugar hhds 3 1 0 1 Sugar tierces 0 1 0 0 1 Wine hhds 10 0 0 10 Wine pipes 940 TABLE 318 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1733 NA R TOTAL Good Omt WI parcels 0 0 0 0 Beeswax 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 Cotton barrels 0 0 0 0 4 Cotton bags 0 4 Molas tierces 3 74 0 77 ses 0 8 0 8 Molasses barrels 147 0 265 Mol 1a 1s 8s es hhds 740 0 1887 2627 Negroes 0 3 Pork barrels 0 3 pounds 0 0 0 0 Rice tie 149 5r 0ce 0 199 Rum s hhds 174 485 0 659 Rum 44 25 0 69 Rum barrels 31 0 0 31 Rum gallons 0 0 0 Salt tons 0 92 202 0 294 Salt bushels 16 0 16 Salt hhds 0 barrels 146 152 0 298 Sugar 10 0 40 Sugar hhds 30 0 8 0 8 Sugar tierces 6 0 0 6 Wine hhds 0 0 123 Wine pipes 123 1656 1184 1887 4727 TOTAL 941 TABLE 319 UANTITY OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO Q , UPPER DISTRICT, 173 7 JAMES RIVER WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good Unit 0 2000 0 0 2000 Cheese pounds 0 40 0 0 40 Chocolate pounds 0 0 100 Coffee pounds 0 100 0 200 0 0 200 Loaf sugar pounds s 4 3 3 0 0 37 Molasses hhd 0 2 0 0 2 Molasses barrels 0 0 183 0 183 Negroes 0 0 0 2 2 Pimento bags 17 tierces 9 7 0 1 Rum 34 0 0 49 Rum hhds 15 15 0 2 17 0 Rum barrels 40 0 0 40 Salt hhds 0 2970 0 0 1 0000 12970 Salt bushels 5 0 0 5 0 Sugar hhds 0 56 barrels 40 16 0 Sugar 1 0 78 79 Wine pipes 0 0 6 0 0 6 Wine tons 26 0 0 26 Wine gallons 0 2 0 2 4 Wine hhds 0 942 TABLE 320 VALUE OF GOODS IMP ORTED INTO PPER DISTRICT, 1737 JAMES RIVER, U Unit WI N A AFR SEO TOTA[ Good 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 ds 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee poun 0 0 0 0 0 Loaf sugar pounds 4 es hhds 2 0 164 0 0 18 Molass ls 0 3 0 0 3 Molasses barre 0 0 3386 0 3386 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 5 tierces 45 35 0 5 8 Rum 295 0 0 425 130 Rum hhds 36 0 5 41 Rum barrels 0 0 9 0 0 9 Salt hhds 0 0 540 700 Salt bushels 160 66 0 0 6 6 Sugar hhds 0 395 158 0 0 553 Sugar barrels 13 0 1016 1029 Wine pipes 0 0 156 0 0 156 Wine tons 3 0 0 3 Wine gallons 0 13 0 13 26 0 Wine hhds 750 951 338 6 1579 6666 TOTAL 943 TABLE 321 ANTITY OF GOODS I MPORTED INTO QU DISTRICT, 1738 JAMES RIVER, UPPER NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Unit WI Good 0 200 200 Cash pounds 0 0 ds 0 1000 0 0 1000 Cheese poun 0 1 0 0 1 Linen casks 0 1 0 0 I Linen bales l 7 180 0 18 8 Negroes 0 0 0 8 Rum punch- 8 eons 1 0 0 7 6 Rum tierces 300 0 0 300 0 Rum gallons 4 0 0 73 Rum hhds 69 0 0 0 8 Rum barrels 8 000 8600 bushels 0 600 0 8 Salt 0 2 0 0 2 Salt hhds 0 18 arrels 14 4 0 Sugar b 0 0 0 7 7 Sugar hhds 944 TABLE 322 VALUE OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO ES RIVER, UPPER DIS TRICT, 1738 JAM wr NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Good Unit 0 162 162 Cash pounds 0 0 unds 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese po 0 0 0 0 0 Linen casks 0 0 0 0 0 Linen bales 27 186 4795 0 500 8 Negroes punch- 60 0 0 0 60 Rum eons 4 0 0 30 26 Rum tierces gallons 0 21 0 0 21 Rum 30 0 0 547 517 Rum hhds 17 0 0 0 17 Rum barrels 33 0 441 474 Salt bushels 0 hds 0 0 0 0 0 Salt h 15 0 0 66 51 Sugar barrels 101 0 0 0 101 Sugar hhds 799 289 4795 603 6486 TOTAL 945 TABLE 323 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1739 WI A AFR SEU TOTAL Good mt 0 3245 0 0 3245 Cheese pounds 1 0 0 0 1 Coffee barrels 0 300 0 0 300 Iron pounds 0 4 0 0 4 Molasses tierces 18 23 0 0 41 Molasses hhds 0 2 516 0 518 Negroes 200 0 0 200 Pepper pounds 0 0 68 0 0 68 Pistoles 15 0 0 0 15 Rum punch- eons 9 0 0 9 Rum hhds and 0 tierces 1 0 0 0 1 Rum hhds 6443.5 0 0 12013 .S Rum gallons 5570 1000 12 0 0 1012 Salt bushels 34 0 0 34 Salt hhds 0 0 0 0 1 Sugar kilderkins 1 2 0 0 2 0 Sugar hhds 7 0 0 0 7 Sugar casks 17 0 0 35 18 Sugar barrels 0 1 1 0 0 Sugar tierces 0 321 0 0 321 Tobacco hhds 0 0 122 122 0 Wine pipes 0 0 9 9 0 Wine hhds 0 0 4 4 Wine qtr 0 c asks 946 TABLE 324 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1739 WI SEU TOTAL Good mt 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Iron pounds 11 0 0 11 Molasses tierces 0 85 109 0 0 194 Molasses hhds 0 53 13746 0 13799 Negroes 0 0 0 0 Pepper pounds 0 56 0 0 56 0 Pistoles 0 0 0 108 108 Rum punch- eons 0 0 0 0 Rum hhds and 0 tierces 7 0 0 0 7 Rum hhds 442 0 0 824 382 Rum gallons 1 0 0 51 Salt bushels 50 12 0 0 12 0 Salt hhds 0 0 0 0 Sugar kilderkins 0 27 0 0 27 0 Sugar hhds 24 0 0 0 24 Sugar casks 61 57 0 0 118 Sugar barrels IO 0 0 0 10 Sugar tierces 0 1341 0 0 1341 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 1552 1552 Wine pipes 0 0 0 57 57 Wine hhds 0 0 13 13 0 Wine qtr casks 1 7 32 77 2110 46 1622 18205 TOTAL 947 TABLE 325 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1740 WI SEU TOTAL Good U111t 0 0 2850 Cheese pounds 0 2850 0 36 0 0 36 Cheese cwt 6 bags 6 0 0 0 Cotton 6 0 6 0 0 Flour barrels 0 36 0 0 36 Ginger pounds 78 34 44 0 0 Molasses hhds 1 4 0 0 5 Molasses tierces 0 2 0 2 0 Molasses barrels 0 0 0 10 10 Molasses casks 3 62 0 69 4 Negroes 0 0 0 3 bags 3 Pimento 0 3000 feet 0 3000 0 Plank 1 0 0 23 22 Rum tierces 0 0 0 1 Rum kegs 1 36 0 0 89 Rum hhds 53 0 0 0 12 Rum barrels 12 0 0 0 49 49 Rum casks 5350 4090 0 0 9440 Rum gallons 2650 0 1200 3850 Salt bushels 0 12 0 0 12 0 Salt hhds 22 0 0 22 Sugar loaves 0 3 2 0 0 5 Sugar tierces 0 5 5 0 0 Sugar hhds 0 0 188 barrels 166 22 Sugar 1300 0 0 1300 0 Sugar pounds 2 0 0 2 0 Wine pipes 948 TABLE 326 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1740 111t WI N SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Cheese cwt 0 28 0 0 0 28 Cotton bags 3 0 0 3 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger pounds hhds 171 222 0 0 393 Molasses 3 12 0 0 15 Molasses tierces 0 3 0 0 3 Molasses barrels 30 0 0 0 30 Molasses casks 107 80 1652 0 1839 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 5 0 0 5 Plank feet 0 106 tierces 101 5 0 0 Rum kegs 1 0 0 0 1 Rum 714 hhds 425 289 0 0 Rum 0 0 0 27 27 Rum barrels 0 0 0 225 Rum casks 225 409 313 0 0 722 Rum gallons 155 0 70 225 Salt bushels 0 5 0 0 5 Salt hhds 0 0 0 loaves 0 0 0 Sugar 20 14 0 0 34 Sugar tierces 0 0 0 67 Sugar W1ds 67 0 646 barrels 570 76 0 Sugar 13 0 0 13 Sugar pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wine pipes 0 2184 1195 1652 70 5101 TOTAL 949 TABLE 327 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1741 WI NA AFR TOTAL Good Unit 0 0 110 Antigua pounds 110 currency Cash 0 pou 440 0 440 nds 0 0 2 Cheese barrels 2 0 7 0 7 Cheese hhds 0 13 0 13 Cheese 0 3900 0 3900 Cheese pounds 0 129 0 129 Chocolate pounds 16 1 0 17 Cotton bags 0 50 0 50 Ginger pounds 0 I 0 1 Ginger barrels 0 100 0 100 Indigo pounds 0 1 0 1 Loaf sugar cwt 0 1 0 1 Loaf sugar hhds 0 43 0 43 Loaf sugar barrels 0 2 0 2 Loaf sugar casks 0 100 0 100 Loaf sugar pounds 0 13 0 13 Molasses barrels 3 15 0 18 Molasses hhds 2 6 0 8 Molasses tierces 10 8 388 406 Negroes 0 20 0 20 Pepper pounds 0 1 0 1 Pimento barrels 0 22112 0 22112 Plank feet 0 25 0 25 Refined loaves sugar 0 4 0 4 Refined barrels sugar 0 0 1 Refined hhds sugar 0 4 0 4 Rum barrels 0 35 0 35 Rum hhds 1136 14460.5 0 15596.5 Rum gallons 0 104 0 104 Salt hhds 1930 4900 0 6830 Salt bushels 950 nit WI NA AFR TOTAL Gooa U 0 33 0 33 Salt barrels barrels 4 63 0 67 Sugar 17 0 0 17 Sugar casks 0 5 Sugar tierces 0 5 3 0 0 3 Sugar hhds nds 0 30 0 30 Tea pou 1 0 1 White barrels 0 sugar 0 1 0 1 White hhds sugar barrels 0 1 0 1 Wine 0 1 0 Wine pipes 951 TABLE 328 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1741 WI R TOTAL Gooa Unit pounds 65 0 0 65 Antigua currency pounds 0 365 0 365 Cash 0 0 0 Cheese barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese hhds 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Cheese 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 76 5 0 81 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 Ginger pounds 0 0 0 0 Ginger barrels 655 0 655 Indigo pounds 0 0 6 0 6 Loaf sugar cwt 0 28 0 28 Loaf sugar hhds 0 300 0 300 Loaf sugar barrels 0 14 0 14 Loaf sugar casks 0 6 0 6 Loaf sugar pounds 23 0 23 Molasses barrels 0 19 94 0 113 Molasses hhds 23 0 31 8 Molasses tierces 10815 266 213 10336 Negroes 0 0 0 0 Pepper pounds 0 0 0 0 Pimento barrels 0 54 0 54 Plank feet 0 0 0 0 Refined loaves sugar 0 28 0 28 Refined barrels sugar 28 0 0 28 Refined hhds sugar 0 12 0 12 Rum barrels 372 0 372 0 Rum hhds I15 1464 0 1579 Rum gallons 58 0 58 0 Salt hhds 391 0 545 154 Salt bushels 952 wr 'NA AFR TOTAL Good Unit 0 9 Salt barrels 0 9 barrels 15 235 0 250 Sugar 64 0 0 64 Sugar casks 55 0 55 Sugar tierces 0 45 0 0 45 Sugar hhds 0 0 Tea pounds 0 0 0 7 0 7 White barrels sugar 0 28 0 28 White hhds sugar 4 0 4 Wine barrels 0 0 15 0 15 Wine pipes 855 4464 10336 15655 TOTAL 953 TABLE 329 ANTITY OF GOODS I MPORTED INTO QU DISTRICT, 1742 JAMES RIVER, UPPE R WI NA GB TOTA[ Good Onit ounds 0 3 0 0 30 Cash p 0 500 0 500 Cheese pounds 20 0 0 20 Clayed pots sugar bags 1 0 0 1 Cotton 2 0 0 2 Ginger bags 0 0 2 2 Iron tons 0 0 6 Molasses tierces 6 0 1 0 1 Molasses casks 13 0 15 Molasses hhds 2 4 0 0 4 Negroes 0 0 1 Potatoes barrels 10 0 10 Refined loaves 0 sugar 1 0 0 1 Rum kegs 168 87 0 2 55 Rum hhds 2 0 62 Rum tierces 60 40 0 71 Rum barrel s 31 2846 3919 .25 0 6765.25 Rum ga llons 0 67 0 6 7 Salt hhds 2700 0 2700 Salt bush els 0 118 29 0 147 Sugar barrel s 1 4 0 5 Sugar tierces 954 TABLE 330 ALUE OF GOODS I MPORTED INTO V PER DISTRICT, 174 2 JAMES RIVER, UP Unit wr NA GB T OTA[ Good 0 25 0 25 Cash pounds 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Clayed pots sugar 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 12 12 Iron tons 26 0 0 2 6 Molasses tierces 4 0 4 Molasses casks 0 14 94 0 108 Molasses hhds 107 0 0 1 07 Negroes 0 barrels 0 0 0 Potatoes 0 0 0 0 Refined loaves sugar 0 0 2 Rum kegs 2 2014 1043 0 3 057 Rum hhds 14 0 425 411 Rum tierce s 132 0 2 35 103 Rum bar rels 325 448 0 773 Rum gallo ns 41 0 41 0 Salt hhds 0 236 0 236 Salt bus hels 112 0 567 455 Sugar barr els 1 ces 11 0 1 Sugar tier 2149 12 5629 3468 TOTAL 955 TABLE 331 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER D ISTRICT, 1743 R TOTA[ Gooa Onit WI NA AF 170 0 0 170 Cash pounds 0 4600 0 4600 Cheese pounds 1 0 1 Cotton bags 0 0 0 I Ginger bags 1 pounds 0 49 0 49 Indigo 2 0 0 2 Molasses tierces 0 15 0 15 Molasses hhds 0 2 0 2 Molasses barrels 3 0 213 216 Negroes 2 0 21 Rum tierces 19 hhds 70 19 0 89 Rum 0 4 0 4 Rum barrels 1391.5 0 0 1391.5 Rum gallons 10 0 10 Salt hhds 0 2000 700 0 2 700 Salt bushels 0 0 4 Sugar hhds 4 7 11 0 18 Sugar barrels 0 0 10 Wine pipes 10 10 0 10 Wine hhds 0 956 TABLE 332 VALUE OF GOODS IM PORTED INTO ER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1743 JAMES RIV WI NA AFR TOTA[ Gooa Unit pounds 142 0 0 142 Cash 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 4 0 4 Cotton bags 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 pounds 0 11 0 11 Indigo tierces 7 0 0 7 Molasses 0 89 0 89 Molasses hhds 0 3 0 3 Molasses barrels 3 0 6612 6705 9 Negroes tierces 113 12 0 125 Rum 727 197 0 9 24 Rum hhds 0 11 0 11 Rum barrels 0 0 138 138 Rum gallons ds 0 5 0 5 Salt hh 130 45 0 17 5 Salt bushels 58 0 0 58 Sugar hhds 76 119 0 195 Sugar barrels 171 171 0 0 Wine pipes 86 0 8 6 0 Wine hhds 49 1655 582 6612 88 TOTAL 957 TABLE 333 O NTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INT QUA ER, UPPER DISTR ICT, 1744 JAMES RIV WI NA AFR TO TA[ Gooa Unit 21 0 21 Cheese pounds 0 0 4 0 4 Molasses hhds 0 0 165 165 Negroes 0 11 0 11 Rum hhds 12 0 12 Salt hllds 0 0 1900 0 1900 Salt bushels 4 2 0 6 Sugar barrels 958 TABLE 334 TO LUE OF GOODS IMPORTED IN VA ER, UPPER DIST RICT, 1744 JAMES RIV WI 'NA AFR T OTAL Good Unit 0 0 0 0 Cheese pound s 0 22 0 22 Molasses hhds 0 0 5122 5122 Negroes 1 I l 0 11 I Rum hhds 0 0 6 0 6 Salt hhds 125 0 125 alt bushels 0 S 9 0 27 18 Sugar barre ls 2 5413 18 273 512 TOTAL 959 TABLE 335 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1745 Good U111t WI l'JA TOTA[ Cash pounds 0 350 350 Cheese casks 0 2 2 Cheese pounds 0 1000 1000 Loaf sugar tierces 0 1 I Loaf sugar barrels 2 0 2 Loaf sugar pounds 0 100 100 Molasses tierces 0 4 4 Molasses hhds 0 5 5 Rum tierces 3 11 14 Rum hhds 63 13 76 Salt hhds 0 20 20 Sa lt bushels 0 1800 1800 Sugar pounds 0 1000 1000 Sugar barrels 81 0 81 Sugar hhds 0 5 5 960 TABLE 336 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1745 Good Unit WI l'JA TOTA[ Cash pounds 0 274 274 Cheese casks 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 Loaf sugar tierces 0 13 13 Loaf sugar barrels 9 0 9 Loaf sugar pounds 0 4 4 Molasses tierces 0 17 17 Molasses hhds 0 35 35 Rum tierces 18 64 82 Rum hhds 645 133 778 Salt hhds 0 11 I 1 Salt bushel s 0 140 140 Sugar pounds 0 12 12 Sugar barrels 314 0 314 Sugar hhds 0 77 77 TOTAL 986 780 1766 96l TABLE 337 QUA.NTlTY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DlSTRlCT, 1746 Good 'Omt Wl NA AFR SEU TOTAL Cash pounds 0 37 0 0 37 Cheese 0 119 0 0 l19 Negroes 0 0 569 0 569 Pistol es 0 12 0 0 12 Rum tierces 41 0 0 0 41 Rum hhds 2 0 0 0 2 Rum barrels 13 0 0 0 l3 Rum gallons 0 1118 0 0 1118 Salt bushels 0 2800 0 4000 6800 Staves 0 0 0 5000 5000 962 TABLE 338 F GOODS IMPO RTED INTO VALUE O DISTRICT, 174 6 UPPER JAMES RIVER , OTAL WI NA AF R SEU T Good Unit 0 0 2 8 28 Cash pound s 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Cheese 0 17662 0 1 766 0 10 Negroes 0 00 10 s 0 0 207 Pis tole 0 um tierces 207 18 R 18 0 0 0 0 32 Rum hhds 0 ls 32 0 barre 0 0 94 Rum 94 um gallons 0 8 710 R 0 292 0 41 1 11 Salt bush els 0 1 0 0 Staves 29 18772 257 424 17662 4 TOTAL 963 TABLE 339 PORTED INTO IM QUANTITY OF GOODS CT, 1749 AMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRI J FR SEU TOTAL nit NA A Gooa U 500 0 0 0 Cheese poun ds 50 2 0 0 2 Molasses hhds 1160 0 1160 0 Negroes 12 s 12 0 0 Rum hhd 427 427 0 0 Rum gallo ns 0 0 29 alt hhds 29 S 00 0 70 00 9200 Salt bush els 22 2 2 0 0 Sugar bar rels 0 0 2 irginia pence 2 V currency 20 20 0 0 Virginia sh il lings currency 0 2 99 ounds 2 99 0 Virginia p currency 964 TABLE 340 UEOFGOODSIMP ORTEDINTO VAL DISTRICT, 1749 JAMES RIVER, UP PER AFR SEU TOTAL Onit NA Good 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 12 0 0 1 2 Molasses hJ1ds 0 31459 0 3145 9 Negroes 139 0 0 1 39 Rum hhds 47 0 0 47 Rum gallons 14 hhds 14 0 0 Salt 0 479 630 Salt bushels 151 0 0 0 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 0 nce 0 Virginia pe currency 0 0 1 Virginia shillin gs 1 currency 242 0 0 242 Virginia pounds currency 606 31459 47 9 32544 TOTAL 965 TABLE 341 ANTITY OF GOODS I MPORTED INTO QU STRICT, 1750 JAMES RIVER, UPPE R DI J NA AFR SEO TOTAL Unit WGood 0 0 100 Cheese pounds 0 100 1 0 0 0 I Cotton bags 1 0 0 0 I Molasses hhds 2 0 713 0 715 Negroes 70 0 0 0 70 Rum tierces 271 4 0 0 275 Rum hhds 0 0 16 Rum barrels 16 0 hhds 0 5 0 0 5 Salt 2053 0 0 0 205 3 Salt bushels 0 0 297 Sugar barrels 297 0 14 0 0 0 14 Virginia pounds currency 1 0 0 31 32 Wine pipes 966 TABLE 342 VALUE OF GOODS IMPOR TED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DIST RlCT, 1750 ooa Unit WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL G 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds tton bags 7 0 0 0 7 Co Molasses hhds 5 0 0 0 5 54 0 19337 0 19391 Negroes es 433 0 0 0 433 Rum tierc hhds 2776 41 0 0 2817 Rum 47 0 0 0 47 Rum barrels hhds 0 2 0 0 2 Salt 3 0 0 0 93 Salt bushels 9 0 0 ]357 Sugar barrels 1357 0 s 11 0 0 0 ]I Virginia pound currency 17 0 0 540 557 Wine pipes 4800 43 19337 540 24720 TOTAL 967 TABLE 343 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1752 Umt WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good 0 1719 0 0 1719 Cheese pounds 0 0 50 Chocolate pounds 0 50 3 0 0 3 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 2 Ginger bags 2 4 0 0 0 4 Ginger barrels 3 0 0 3 Loaf sugar casks 0 1 75 0 0 76 Molasses hhds 0 0 1076 0 1076 Negroes 0 100 0 0 100 Pistereens 4 2 0 0 6 Rum tierces 10 0 0 13 Rum barrels 3 426 42 0 0 468 Rum hhds 0 0 0 380 380 Salt tons 36 0 0 36 Salt hhds 0 0 1600 0 0 1600 Salt bushels 6 0 0 6 Sugar loaves 0 1200 0 0 1200 Sugar pounds 0 0 21 0 0 21 Sugar casks 289 12 0 0 301 Sugar barrels 13 0 0 0 13 Sugar hhds hhds 1 0 0 0 1 Tobacco 0 0 21 29 Wine pipes 8 0 0 1 28 Wine qtr casks 27 968 TABLE 344 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1752 Unit WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 Ginger barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loaf sugar casks 0 6 440 0 0 446 Molasses hhds 0 0 29181 0 29181 Negroes 5 0 0 5 Pistereens 0 23 12 0 0 35 Rum tierces 8 28 0 0 36 Rum barrels hhds 4316 426 0 0 4742 Rum tons 0 0 0 0 0 Salt hhds 0 105 0 0 105 Salt 0 67 0 0 67 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Sugar loaves 0 0 15 Sugar pounds 0 15 0 91 0 0 91 Sugar casks 1247 52 0 0 1299 Sugar barrels 228 0 0 0 228 Sugar hhds 6 0 0 0 6 Tobacco hhds pipes 144 0 0 379 523 Wine 0 5 127 Wine qtr casks 122 0 6100 1241 29181 384 36906 TOTAL 969 TABLE 345 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1754 U111t WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good Bar iron tons 0 1 0 0 1 barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Cheese pounds 0 2120 0 0 2120 Cheese Chocolate boxes 0 2 0 0 2 pounds 0 so 0 0 so Coffee 0 0 3 Coffee bags 0 3 0 1 Cotton pockets 1 0 0 0 18 0 0 18 Flour barrels pounds 0 100 0 0 100 Ginger 2 0 0 2 Loaf sugar barrels 0 casks 8 0 0 0 8 Molasses 0 0 2 Molasses tierces 0 2 0 0 22 Molasses hhds 5 17 0 4 240 0 244 Negroes hhds 270 43 0 0 313 Rum 1740 350 0 0 2090 Rum gallons 0 0 22 Rum barrels 4 18 1 1 0 0 2 Rum tierces bushels 10000 1200 0 9500 20700 Salt 0 0 193 Salt hhds 0 193 barrels 314 21 0 0 335 Sugar 23 0 0 0 23 Sugar hhds 5 0 0 0 5 Sugar tierces 100 0 0 320 Virginia pounds 220 currency hhds 0 0 0 1 1 Wine 0 0 19 22 Wine pipes 3 4 0 0 4 Wine qtr casks 0 970 TABLE 346 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1754 Unit WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good 14 0 0 14 Bar iron tons 0 Cheese barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 bags 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee 0 6 Cotton pockets 6 0 0 barrels 0 13 0 0 13 Flour 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger pounds 8 0 0 8 Loaf sugar barrels 0 Molasses casks 29 0 0 0 29 tierces 0 7 0 0 7 Molasses 0 0 132 Molasses hhds 30 102 0 132 7944 0 8076 Negroes 2711 432 0 0 3143 Rum hhds 0 0 199 Rum gallons 166 33 barrels 11 50 0 0 61 Rum 0 0 12 Rum tierces 6 6 bushels 460 55 0 437 952 Salt 62 0 0 62 Salt hhds 0 barrels 1423 95 0 0 1518 Sugar hhds 423 0 0 0 423 Sugar 0 0 0 71 Sugar tierces 71 pounds ]72 78 0 0 250 Virginia currency 0 0 0 9 9 Wine hhds 0 0 327 379 Wine pipes 52 17 0 0 17 Wine qtr casks 0 5560 1104 7944 773 15381 TOTAL 971 TABLE 347 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPO RTED INTO MES RIVER, UPPER DISTRIC T, 1756 JA oa Unit wr NA SEU TOTAr Go 0 2 0 2 Cheese casks 00 0 1300 Cheese pounds 0 13 Loaf sugar tierces 0 2 0 2 ugar barrels 0 3 0 3 Loaf s hds 3 11 0 14 Molasses h Rum tierces 12 0 0 12 13 3 0 16 Rum barrels ds 327 11 0 338 Rum hh hhds 0 178 0 1 78 Salt 41 Salt bushels 441 1500 13000 149 0 0 11 Sugar tierces 11 Sugar barrels 348 7 0 355 ds 15 3 0 18 Sugar hh Wine qtr casks 0 0 5 5 0 0 20 20 Wine pipes barrels 0 3 0 3 Wine 12 12 Wine hhds 0 0 972 TABLE 348 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTED INTO ES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1 756 JAM Gooa Onit WI NA SEO TOTAL 0 0 0 Cheese casks 0 se pounds 0 0 0 0 Chee Loaf sugar tierces 0 23 0 23 13 0 13 Loaf sugar barrels 0 Molasses hhds 0 1 0 1 tierces 58 0 0 58 Rum um barrels 30 7 0 37 R 91 0 2807 Rum hhds 2716 alt hhds 0 82 0 82 S 99 855 983 Salt bushels 29 0 0 152 Sugar tierces 15 2 Sugar barrels 1 477 30 0 1507 ar hhds 268 54 0 322 Sug qtr casks 0 0 24 24 Wine Wine pipes 0 0 380 380 Wine barrels 0 14 0 14 hhds 0 0 114 114 Wine TOTAL 47 30 414 1373 6517 973 TABLE 349 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1758 SEU G o Tod Umt WI NA OTAL Bar iron tons 0 2 0 2 Bread kegs 0 20 0 20 Cheese pounds 0 2500 0 2500 Chocolate boxes 0 6 0 6 Chocolate pounds 0 30 0 30 casks 0 4 0 4 Coffee Coffee bags 0 2 0 2 13 0 13 Flour barrels 0 Ginger pounds 0 30 0 30 Iron pounds 0 1000 0 1000 Loaf sug 4a r hhds 0 4 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 300 0 300 61 0 71 Molasses hhds 10 0 6000 0 6000 Planks Refined pounds 0 1313 0 1313 sugar Refined barrels 0 2 0 2 sugar Rum tierces 2 0 0 2 hhds 242 47 0 289 Rum Rum barrels 0 6 0 6 Salt bushels 0 5060 9000 14060 0 317 0 317 Salt hhds Sterling shillings 0 6 0 6 111 0 111 Sterling pounds 0 cash Sugar ki lderkins 39 0 0 39 Sugar hhds 13 0 0 13 Sugar pounds 0 500 0 500 Sugar tierces s 1 0 6 Sugar barrels 66 47 0 113 pence 3 0 0 3 Virginia currency 17 10 0 27 Virginia shillings currency 974 Good Unit WI NA SEU TOTA[ Virginia pounds 114 137 0 25 1 currency Wine qtr casks 0 4 0 4 Wine pipes 0 2 0 2 2 Wine hhds 0 2 0 975 TABLE 350 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1758 Good Urnt WI l'JA SEU TOTAL 0 29 Bar iron tons 0 29 Bread kegs 0 12 0 12 pounds 0 0 0 0 Cheese Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Coffee casks 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 0 9 0 9 pounds 0 0 0 0 Ginger Iron pounds 0 2 0 2 0 65 Loaf sugar hhds 0 65 10 Loaf sugar pounds 0 10 0 486 0 566 Molasses hhds 80 0 17 0 17 Planks 43 0 43 Refined pounds 0 sugar Refined barrels 0 8 0 8 sugar Rum tierces 14 0 0 14 Rum hhds 2972 577 0 3549 Rum barrels 0 20 0 20 Salt bushels 0 300 533 833 hhds 0 132 0 132 Salt Sterling shillings 0 0 0 0 Sterling pounds 0 111 0 111 cash Sugar kilderkins 0 0 0 0 Sugar hhds 247 0 0 247 Sugar pounds 0 7 0 7 tierces 73 15 0 88 Sugar barrels 297 212 0 509 Sugar Virginia pence 0 0 0 0 currency Virginia shillings l 0 0 1 currency 976 Good Omt WI NA SEU TOTAL Virginia pounds 83 99 0 182 currency Wine qtr casks 0 26 0 26 Wine pipes 0 53 0 53 Wine hhds 0 26 0 26 TOTAL 3767 225 9 533 6559 977 TABLE 351 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPO RTED INTO IVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 176 0 JAMES R Unit WI NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Good 100 0 0 100 Chocolate pounds 0 bags 0 1 0 0 1 Ginger Loaf sugar pounds 0 1200 0 0 1200 13 0 0 13 Loaf sugar barrels 0 0 0 16 Molasses tierces 16 0 hds 21 43 0 0 64 Molasses h s 0 0 847 0 847 Negroe Pig iron tons 0 20 0 0 20 Rum tierces 1 I 0 0 2 2 5 0 0 7 Rum barrels hds 74 13 0 0 8 7 Rum h hhds 0 175 0 0 175 Salt 0 0 0 40 Sterling pounds 0 4 cash barrels 45 31 0 0 76 Sugar hhds 0 3 0 0 3 Sugar 0 0 0 60 Virginia pounds 0 6 currency e butts 0 0 0 3 3 Win ine hhds 0 0 0 13 13 W Wine pipes 0 0 0 106 106 7 Wine qtr casks 0 5 0 12 978 TABLE 352 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1760 U111t WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds bags 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger 38 0 0 38 Loaf sugar pounds 0 0 52 0 0 52 Loaf sugar barrels 0 0 83 Molasses tierces 83 0 370 0 0 551 Molasses hhds 181 0 0 30162 0 30162 Negroes 0 137 0 0 137 Pig iron tons tierces 9 9 0 0 18 Rum 9 22 0 0 31 Rum barrels hhds 1159 204 0 0 1363 Rum 0 99 0 0 99 Salt hhds 0 40 0 0 40 Sterling pounds cash 204 140 0 0 344 Sugar barrels 0 57 0 0 57 Sugar hhds 0 42 0 0 42 Virginia pounds currency butts 0 0 0 0 0 Wine 0 0 0 206 206 Wine hhds 0 0 0 3362 3362 Wine pipes 40 0 56 96 Wine qtr casks 0 1645 1250 30162 3624 36681 TOTAL 979 TABLE 353 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1761 wr NA AFR SEUTOTAL Good Omt 0 0 100 Cash pounds 0 100 pounds 0 320 0 0 320 Cheese pounds 0 172 0 0 172 Chocolate 0 0 3 Chocolate boxes 0 3 0 318 0 0 318 Coffee pounds 0 0 1 Coffee casks 0 1 0 800 0 0 800 Loaf sugar pounds 1 0 0 1 Loaf sugar tierces 0 41 0 0 41 Loaf sugar hhds 0 0 51 0 0 51 Loaf sugar barrels 1 0 0 1 Molasses casks 0 hhds 0 39 0 0 39 Molasses 0 30 0 0 30 Molasses barrels 0 0 215 0 215 Negroes 1 0 0 0 1 Rum tierces 234 34 0 0 268 Rum hhds 20 0 0 22 Rum barrels 2 hhds 0 63 0 0 63 Salt 1577 0 7000 8577 Salt bushels 0 pounds 0 so 0 0 so Sterling cash 6 0 0 6 Strained hhds 0 sugar 0 0 0 3 Sugar tierces 3 36 2 0 0 38 Sugar hhds 236 92 0 0 328 Sugar barrels 0 2 0 0 2 Tea canisters 0 20 0 0 20 Tea pounds 0 1 0 0 1 Tea cases 0 187 0 0 187 Virginia pounds currency 0 0 12 12 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 40 40 Wine pipes 0 0 6 6 Wine qtr casks 0 980 TABLE 354 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1761 On1t WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Good pounds 0 70 0 0 70 Cash 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee casks 25 0 0 25 Loaf sugar pounds 0 0 11 0 0 11 Loaf sugar tierces 641 0 0 641 Loaf sugar hhds 0 199 0 0 199 Loaf sugar barrels 0 4 0 0 4 Molasses casks 0 hhds 0 276 0 0 276 Molasses 0 61 0 0 61 Molasses barrels 0 0 7656 0 7656 Negroes 0 0 0 7 Rum tierces 7 2795 406 0 0 3201 Rum hhds 7 66 0 0 73 Rum barrels 31 0 0 31 Salt hhds 0 bushels 0 110 0 490 600 Salt 0 50 0 0 50 Sterling pounds cash 94 0 0 94 Strained hhds 0 sugar 42 0 0 0 42 Sugar tierces 647 36 0 0 683 Sugar hhds barrels 1007 393 0 0 1400 Sugar 0 0 0 0 0 Tea canisters 3 0 0 3 Tea pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tea cases 0 130 0 0 130 Virginia pounds currency 0 0 0 170 170 Wine hhds 0 0 1131 1131 Wine pipes 0 0 0 42 42 Wine tr casks 0 .. 981 Good Unit WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL TOTAL 4505 2606 7656 1833 16600 982 TABLE 355 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1762 Unit WI N'A AFR TOTAL Good 1638 0 1638 C 0a sh pounds pounds 0 855 0 855 Cheese Chocolate pounds 0 78 0 78 0 38 Chocolat 3e 8 boxes 0 Coffee barrels 0 2 0 2 Coffee pounds 0 200 0 200 bags 0 61 0 61 Coffee 0 781 0 781 Dollars 0 2 0 2 Ginger bags Ginger barrels 0 3 0 3 0 100 0 100 Loaf sugar pounds 56 0 56 Loaf sugar barrels 0 M tierces 0 2 0 2 olasses 0 61 0 61 Molasses hhds barrels 0 33 0 33 Molasses 0 8 1015 1023 Negroes 4 Pimento barrels 0 4 0 0 2 0 2 Pimento bags Plank M fe 0 6 0 6e t tierces 0 31 0 31 Refined sugar 0 66 Refined barrels 0 66 sugar 0 700 0 700 Refined pounds sugar 0 55 0 55 Refined hhds sugar 277 95 0 372 Rum hhds 0 4 0 4 Rum tierces 0 76 0 76 Rum barrels bushels 3200 1500 0 4700 Salt 0 145 0 145 Salt hhds 0 23 0 23 Strained barrels sugar 218 36 0 254 Sugar barrels 983 Good Unit WI NA AFR TOTAL Sugar hhds 12 4 0 16 Sugar tierces 0 2 0 2 Tobacco hhds 105 14 0 119 Virginia pounds 38 80 0 118 currency Wine tierces 0 1 0 1 Wine qer casks 0 4 0 4 Wine hhds 0 3 0 3 984 TABLE 356 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1762 Good Onit WI NA AFR TOTAL Cash pounds 0 1075 0 1075 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 180 D o 0ll ars 0 180 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 Ginger barrels 0 0 0 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 3 0 3 Loaf sugar barrels 0 212 0 212 Molasses tierces 0 8 0 8 hhds 0 400 0 400 Molasses Molasses barrels 0 62 0 62 0 285 36144 36429 Negroes 0 0 0 Pimento barrels 0 bags 0 0 0 0 Pimento M feet 0 0 0 0 Plank tierces 0 320 0 320 Refined sugar Refined barrels 0 250 0 250 sugar pounds 0 21 0 21 Refined sugar Refined hhds 0 835 0 835 sugar Rum hhds 3251 1115 0 4366 Rum tierces 0 27 0 27 barrels 0 246 0 246 Rum bushels 260 122 0 382 Salt hhds 0 82 0 82 Salt 0 87 0 87 Strained barrels sugar 967 160 0 1127 Sugar barrels 985 Gooa Unit WI NA AFR TOTAL Sugar hhds 224 75 0 299 Sugar tierces 0 29 0 29 Tobacco hhds 719 96 0 815 Virginia pounds 25 52 0 77 currency Wine tierces 0 0 0 0 Wine qtr casks 0 29 0 29 Wine hhds 0 43 0 43 TOTAL 5446 5814 36144 47404 986 TABLE 357 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1763 Good Umt WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Cash pounds 0 462 0 0 462 Chocolate pounds 0 250 0 0 250 Chocolate boxes 0 8 0 0 8 Coffee barrels 0 6 0 0 6 Coffee pounds 0 100 0 0 100 Coffee bags 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 12 Cotton bags 12 0 0 0 1620 Dollars 0 1620 Iron tons 0 1 0 0 1 Loaf sugar pounds 0 900 0 0 900 Loaf sugar tierces 0 10 0 0 10 Loaf sugar hhds 0 2 0 0 2 Loaf sugar barrels 0 24 0 0 24 Loaf sugar casks 0 19 0 0 19 Molasses tierces 0 7 0 0 7 Molasses hhds 33 109 0 0 142 Molasses barrels 0 20 0 0 20 0 79 919 0 998 Negroes Potatoes barrels 0 6 0 0 6 barrels 0 6 0 0 6 Refined sugar Refined hhds 0 16 0 0 16 sugar tierces 0 9 0 0 9 Refined sugar Refined pounds 0 1100 0 0 1100 sugar kegs 0 6 0 0 6 Rum hhds 215 166 0 0 381 Rum 74 0 0 74 Rum barrels 0 350 0 0 350 Salt hhds 0 bushels 3825 160 0 12000 15985 Salt 25 0 0 25 Sterling pounds 0 Cash Sugar barrels 113 88 0 0 201 987 Gooa Unit WI NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Sugar hhds 4 3 0 0 7 Tea canisters 0 1 0 0 I Wine hhds 0 I 0 0 I Wine pipes 0 9 0 5 14 Wine barrels 0 14 0 0 14 Wine qtr casks 0 3 0 0 3 988 TABLE 358 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1763 Gooa Onit WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Cash pounds 0 289 0 0 289 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 C o 0f fe 0e pounds 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 0 bags 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton D 3o 0 7l 3la 0 0 373 rs 5 0 0 5 Iron tons 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 27 0 0 27 Loaf suga 0r 1 0tie 0 102 0 2 rces Loaf 0 0 3 s 0u gar hhds 0 30 Loaf sug 0a r b 0a rrel 9s 0 0 90 Lo 0a 7f 1s 0 u gar casks 0 71 25 0 0 25 Molasses tierces 0 Molasses hhds 192 633 0 0 825 Molasses barrels 0 33 0 0 33 0 2744 31926 0 34670 Negroes 0 0 0 0 Potatoes barrels 0 Refined barrels 0 23 0 0 23 sugar Refined hhds 0 240 0 0 240 sugar 0 92 0 0 92 Refined tierces sugar 0 Refined pounds 0 33 0 33 sugar 0 0 kegs 0 9 9 Rum 0 0 4301 h Rum hds 2427 1874 barrels 0 231 0 0 231 Rum 0 156 0 0 156 Salt hhds 244 10 0 766 bushels 1020 Salt 0 0 Sterling pounds 0 25 25 cash 0 Sugar barrels 488 380 0 868 989 Good Ontt WI NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Sugar hhds 73 55 0 0 128 Tea canisters 0 0 0 0 0 Wine hhds 0 14 0 0 14 Wine pipes 0 257 0 143 400 Wine barrels 0 100 0 0 100 Wine qtr casks 0 21 0 0 21 TOTAL 3424 7942 31926 909 44201 990 TABLE 359 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1764 Onit WI NA GB AFR SEU TOGo To Ad L Beef tierces 0 0 30 0 0 30 kegs 0 40 0 0 0 40 Bread Cash pounds 0 225 0 0 0 225 Cheese pounds 0 2707 0 0 0 2707 Chocolate pounds 0 130 0 0 0 130 Choco 0 3 0 0 la 0te boxes 3 pounds 0 2100 0 0 0 2100 Coffee Coffee bags 0 1 0 0 0 1 Coffee barrels 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 400 0 0 0 400 Dollars 64 0 0 0 64 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 3 Ginger bags 3 0 0 0 1 Loaf sugar b 1o xes 0 Lo 0af 0 26 0 0 2 s 6u gar tierces 0 0 0 79 Loaf sugar barrels 7 0 9 22 L 0 0 0 22 oaf sugar hhds 0 Loaf sugar pou 3nd 0 940 0 0 0 3940 s tierces 0 2 0 0 0 2 Molasses 0 Molasses gallons 0 1000 0 0 1000 barrels 0 1 2 0 0 3 Molasses 33 97 0 0 0 130 Molasses hhds Negroes 0 0 0 561 0 561 10 0 0 0 10 Pot 0a toes hhds 0 0 Potatoes bush 0 445 0 els 445 0 8 0 0 0 barrels 8 Potatoes 1 0 0 Rum punch- 0 0 1 eons 107 162 0 0 0 hhds 2 69 Rum tierces 0 2 0 0 0 2 Rum 0 159.5 0 0 0 159.5 Rum barrels gallons 0 800 0 0 0 800 Rum hhds 0 226 0 0 0 226 Salt 2800 3000 8000 0 bushels 0 13800 Salt 103 69 0 0 barrels 0 172 Sugar 0 11852 0 0 0 11852 Sugar pounds 991 Good Unit wr NA GB AFR SEO TOTAL Sugar tierces 6 0 0 0 0 6 Sugar casks 0 15 0 0 0 15 Sugar hhds 8 8 0 0 0 16 Wine qtr casks 0 24 4 0 23 51 Wine pipes 0 2 49 0 33 84 12 Wine hhds 0 0 4 0 16 992 TABLE 360 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1764 Unit WI NA GB AFR SEU TOTAG Loo a 69 0 0 69 Beef tierces 0 0 0 0 0 26 Bread kegs 0 26 pounds 0 140 0 0 0 140 Cash Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee 0 92 0 0 0 92 Dollars 42 0 0 0 42 Flour barrels 0 bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger 0 0 0 0 Loaf sugar boxes 0 0 0 180 0 0 0 180 Loaf sugar tierces 0 0 0 286 Loaf sugar barrels 0 286 0 0 0 318 Loaf sugar hh 3ds 0 18 0 114 0 0 0 114 Loaf sugar pounds 0 0 0 6 Molasses tierces 0 6 0 0 47 Molasses g 0 a llons 0 47 I 3 0 0 0 4 Molasses barrels 0 0 0 619 Molasses hhds 157 462 0 0 0 19489 0 19489 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes hhds 0 0 0 Potatoes bushe 0 0 0 ls P barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 otatoes punch- 0 0 3 0 0 3 Rum eons 325 492 0 0 0 817 Rum hhds 0 3 0 0 0 3 Rum tierces 0 0 0 134 Rum barrels 0 134 0 0 0 23 Rum gall 2 o 3n s 0 0 88 0 0 0 88 Salt hhds 156 167 444 0 0 767 Salt bushels 436 292 0 0 0 728 Sugar barrels 0 149 0 0 0 149 Sugar pounds 993 Gooa Unit wr NA GB AFR SEU TOTAL ugar tierces 83 0 0 0 0 83 S casks 0 63 0 0 r 0 ga 63 Su 3 0 0 0 286 Sugar hhds 143 14 Wine qtr casks 0 175 2 9 0 168 372 Wine pipes 0 58 1433 0 965 2456 0 58 0 175 233 Wine hhds 0 TOTAL 1301 3503 2036 19489 1308 27637 994 TABLE 361 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1765 Good Umt WI NA GB TOTAL Bread kegs 0 41 0 41 Cash pounds 0 70 0 70 Cheese 0 95 0 95 Cheese barrels 0 1 0 1 Cheese pounds 0 7319 0 7319 Cheese hhds 0 1 0 1 Chocolate boxes 0 12 0 12 Chocolate pounds 0 733 0 733 Coffee bags 2 14 0 16 Coffee barrels 0 13 0 13 Coffee pounds 0 2326 0 2326 0 1318 0 1318 Dollars Ginger bags 1 0 0 1 Iron tons 0 36 0 36 bars 0 41 0 41 Iron Loaf sugar hhds 0 5 0 5 Loaf sugar casks 0 28 0 28 Loaf sugar pounds 0 1742 0 1742 Loaf sugar tierces 0 25 0 25 Loaf sugar barrels 0 12 0 12 14 0 43 Molasses tierces 29 Molasses hhds 0 145 0 145 20.5 0 20 .5 Molasses barrels 0 Pimento bags 0 5 0 5 hhds 0 1 0 l Potatoes bushels 0 161 0 161 Potatoes 3 1 0 4 Rum kegs hhds 323 281 0 604 Rum tierces 0 3 0 3 Rum casks 0 3 0 3 Rum 5 89.5 0 94.5 Rum barrels bushels 0 2088 5920 8008 Salt tons 0 120 0 120 Salt hhds 0 184 0 184 Salt Spirits gallons 0 15 0 15 995 Gooa U111t WI NA GB TOTAL Spirits barrels 0 2 0 2 Sugar tierces 13 7 0 20 Sugar hhds 16 0 0 16 Sugar barrels 131 79 0 210 Wine qtr casks 0 3 0 3 996 TABLE 362 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1765 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Bread kegs 0 27 0 27 Cash pounds 0 44 0 44 Cheese 0 0 0 0 Cheese barrels 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Cheese hhds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 barrels 0 0 0 0 Coffee Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 0 303 Dollars 0 303 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 tons 0 186 0 186 Iron Iron bars 0 0 0 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 78 0 78 Loaf sugar ca 3sks 0 0 3 Loaf sugar 5p 4o un 0d s 0 54 Loaf suga 0 2r 6 t 5ie rces 0 265 Loaf 4 s 7u ga 0r barrels 0 47 44 0 136 Molasses tierces 92 Molasses hhcls 0 759 0 759 31 0 31 Molasses barrels 0 Pimento bags 0 0 0 0 hhcls 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 0 0 0 0 Potatoes kegs 3 1 0 4 Rum 3014 2622 0 5636 Rum hhds Rum tierces 0 16 0 16 casks 0 8 0 8 Rum barrels 13 231 0 244 Rum 0 104 296 400 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 Salt tons hhds 0 64 0 64 Salt 0 0 1 Spirits gallons 997 Gooa Unit Wi NA GB TOTA[ Spirits barrels 0 0 0 0 Sugar tierces 201 108 0 309 Sugar hhds 323 0 0 323 Sugar barrels 612 369 0 981 Wine qtr casks 0 21 0 21 TOTAL 4258 5386 296 9940 998 TABLE 363 NTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INT O QUA JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1 766 Cooa Unit WI NA AF R SEU TOTAL kegs 0 14 0 0 1 4 Bread Cash pounds 80 2 86 0 0 366 0 100 Cheese pounds 0 1 100 0 1 e boxes 0 2 0 0 2 Chocolat Molasses hhds 1 14 0 0 15 Molasses tierces 0 2 0 0 2 barrels 0 4 0 0 4 Molasses Molasses casks 0 10 0 0 IO Negroes 0 0 299 0 299 um punch- 7 0 0 0 7 R eons Rum tierces 1 0 0 0 1 hhds 467 49 0 0 516 Rum 13 0 0 15 Rum barrels 2 tons 0 80 0 0 80 Salt 000 4980 Salt bushels 0 4980 0 10 1 0 1 0 0 1 Salt hhds rels 289 14 0 0 303 Sugar bar 0 0 6 Sugar hhds 6 0 es 15 0 0 0 15 Sugar tierc 0 1 5 Wine hhds 0 4 0 10 33 Wine pipes 6 17 0 0 21 Wine qtr casks 9 12 999 TABLE 364 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1766 Good Umt WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL kegs 0 6 0 0 6 Bread pounds 62 223 0 0 285 Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses hhds 6 83 0 0 89 Molasses tierces 0 7 0 0 7 7 0 0 7 Molasses barrels 0 casks 0 36 0 0 36 Molasses 0 0 10387 0 10387 Negroes punch- 68 0 0 0 68 Rum eons Rum tierces 6 0 0 0 6 477 0 0 5021 Rum 4 hhds 544 barrels 5 35 0 0 40 Rum tons 0 0 0 0 0 Salt bushels 0 260 0 522 782 Salt 0 0 0 Salt hhds 0 0 barrels 1483 72 0 0 1555 Sugar 133 0 0 0 133 Sugar hhds 0 0 254 Sugar tierces 254 0 0 60 0 15 75 Wine hhds 1 Wi pipes 80 510 0 300 990 ne Wine qtr casks 68 90 0 0 158 TOT 6A 809 1866 10387 837 19899 L 1000 TABLE 365 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1768 APR SEU TOTAL Good Omt WI NA 0 10 0 0 10 Bread kegs 0 2 0 0 2 Cheese barrels 0 0 1 Cheese boxes 0 1 1885 0 0 1885 Cheese pounds 0 4 0 0 4 Chocolate boxes 0 519 0 0 519 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 5 Coffee bags 0 5 2 0 0 0 2 Cotton bags 0 100 0 0 100 Flax pounds bags 2 0 0 0 2 Ginger 0 0 42.6 Iron tons 0 42.6 0 1336 0 0 1336 Loaf sugar pounds 32 0 0 36 Loaf sugar hhds 4 5 0 0 5 Loaf sugar barrels 0 0 10 0 0 10 Loaf sugar tierces 32 96 0 0 128 Molasses hhds 0 2 0 0 2 Molasses tierces 0 0 207 0 207 Negroes 0 10400 0 0 10400 Plank feet 0 80 0 0 80 Planks 0 20 0 0 20 Potatoes bushels 7 0 0 0 7 Rum kegs 0 6 0 0 6 Rum tierces 81 0 0 645 Rum hhds 564 5 108 0 0 113 Rum barrels 0 5200 26674 Salt bushels 250 21224 0 0 0 200 200 Salt tons 102 0 0 102 Salt hhds 0 0 24 0 0 24 Sugar loaves 425 7 0 0 432 Sugar barrels hhds 38 2 0 0 40 Sugar 4 0 0 0 4 Sugar tierces 0 5 0 0 5 Tea canisters 0 2 0 0 2 Tea boxes 0 1 0 0 1 Tea bags 1001 Good Onit WI NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Tea tubs 0 2 0 0 2 Tea casks 0 1 0 0 Tea kegs 0 I 0 0 1 Tea pounds 0 10 0 0 10 Virginia pence s 6 0 0 11 currency Virginia shillings 10 17 0 0 27 currency Virginia pounds 47 30 0 0 77 currency Wine hhds 13 9 0 0 22 Wine barrels 0 0 0 1 Wine qtr casks so 1 0 2 53 Wine pipes 34 0 0 16 so 1002 TABLE 366 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1768 A R SE'O TOTAL Good '0111t WI NA kegs 0 7 0 0 7 Bread 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese barrels 0 0 0 Cheese boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 12 0 0 0 12 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 Flax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 210 0 0 210 Iron tons 37 0 0 37 Loaf sugar 0 p ounds 56 447 0 0 503 Loaf sugar hhds 17 0 0 17 Loaf sugar 0 b arrels 0 67 0 0 67 Loaf sugar tierces 527 0 0 703 Molasses hhds 176 0 7 0 0 7 Molasses tierces 0 0 7947 0 7947 Negroes 0 27 0 0 27 Plank feet 0 2 0 0 2 Planks 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels kegs 10 0 0 0 10 Rum 0 36 0 0 36 Rum tierces 852 0 0 6788 Rum hhds 5936 15 314 0 0 329 Rum barrels 1000 0 245 1257 Salt bushels 12 0 0 0 0 0 Salt tons 0 34 0 0 34 Salt hhds 0 0 0 0 Sugar loaves 0 29 0 0 1805 Sugar barrels 1776 685 36 0 0 721 Sugar hhds 55 0 0 0 55 Sugar tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Tea canisters 0 0 0 0 0 Tea boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Tea bags -------e===---- 1003 WY NA AFR SEU TOTAL Gooa Onh 0 0 0 0 Tea tubs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tea casks 0 0 0 Tea kegs 0 0 s 0 I 0 0 1 Tea pound 0 0 Virginia pence 0 0 0 currency 0 1 0 0 1 Virginia shillings currency 38 24 0 0 62 Virginia pounds currency 0 0 315 Wine hllds 186 129 0 0 7 Wine barrels 0 7 e qtr casks 358 7 0 14 379 Win pipes 974 0 0 458 1432 Wine TAL 10 289 3818 7947 717 22771 TO 1004 TABLE 367 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1769 A R SEU TOTAL Good Omt WI ~A 0 61 0 0 61 Bread kegs 0 0 2287 Cheese pounds 0 2287 0 552 0 0 552 Chocolate pounds 0 30 0 0 30 Chocolate boxes 0 0 500 Coffee pounds 0 500 barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Coffee 0 2 0 0 2 Coffee bags 1 0 0 0 1 Cotton bales 2400 0 0 0 2400 Dollars 0 410 0 0 410 Flour barrels 46 0 0 46 Iron tons 0 2 0 0 2 Loaf sugar tierces 0 11 0 0 11 Loaf sugar barrels 0 Loaf sugar 0h 1 0 0 1 hds 0 278 0 0 278 Loaf sugar pounds 37 121 0 0 158 Molasses hhds 15 0 0 15 Molasses barrels 0 0 16 0 0 16 Molasses tierces 2 1 324 0 327 Negroes 10 0 0 10 Pepper pounds 0 0 10 0 0 10 Pimento pounds 0 3277 0 0 3277 Plank feet 0 1000 0 0 1000 Planks 0 145 0 0 145 Pork barrels bushels 0 60 0 0 60 Potatoes 0 4 0 0 4 Potatoes barrels 1 24 0 0 25 Rum tierces 197 0 0 668 Rum W1ds 471 168 0 0 172 Rum barrels 4 1600 7500 0 5000 14100 Salt bushels 0 196 0 0 196 Salt hhds 620 0 0 620 Silver ounces 0 1 0 0 0 1 Spirits hhds 0 5000 0 0 5000 Staves 0 32 0 0 32 Sugar loaves ----=====--__ 1005 Unit WI N A AFR SEO TOTAL Good 0 0 0 33 Sugar hhds 33 ces 5 0 0 0 5 Sugar tier l 0 0 1 Sugar bags 0 barrels 275 41 0 0 316 Sugar rels 0 0 0 0 0 Tar bar sts 0 0 .5 0 0 0.5 Tea che 20 0 0 20 Tea pounds 0 0 7 0 0 7 Virginia shillings currency 0 6 0 0 6 Virginia pence currency 0 0 425 Virginia pounds 214 211 currency 1 0 0 1 Wine hhds 0 24 0 0 24 Wine pipes 0 6 0 0 6 Wine qtr casks 0 1006 TABLE 368 VALUEOFGOODSIMPORTEDINTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1769 WI ~A A SEU TOTAL Good mt 0 44 0 0 44 Bread kegs 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate 0 boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bales 552 0 0 0 552 Dollars 0 349 0 0 349 Flour barrels 231 0 0 231 Iron tons 0 21 0 21 0 0 Loaf sugar tierces 0 42 0 0 42 Loaf sugar barrels 0 15 0 0 15 Loaf sugar hhds 0 8 0 0 8 Loaf sugar pounds 690 0 0 901 Molasses hhds 211 0 25 0 0 25 Molasses barrels 55 0 0 55 Molasses tierces 0 77 38 12438 0 12553 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 Pepper pounds 0 0 0 0 Pimento pounds 0 0 8 0 0 8 Plank feet 0 25 0 0 25 Planks 0 369 barrels 0 369 0 Pork 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes barrels 0 156 tierces 6 150 0 Rum 5163 2160 0 0 7323 Rum hhds 509 0 0 521 Rum barrels 12 386 0 257 725 82 Salt bushels 71 0 0 71 0 Salt hhds 0 0 0 0 Silver ounces 0 0 0 0 11 11 Spirits hhds 16 0 0 0 16 Staves 0 0 0 0 0 Sugar loaves 1007 WI ~A AFR SEU TOTA[ Good Unit 0 0 0 715 Sugar hhds 715 0 0 0 83 Sugar tierces 83 ar bags 0 0 0 0 0 Sug 1 206 0 0 1587 Sugar barrels 13 8 0 0 0 Tar barrels 0 0 chests 0 0 0 0 0 Tea pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Tea 0 0 0 0 Virginia shillings 0 currency 0 0 0 Virginia pence 0 0 currency 175 173 0 0 348 Virginia pounds currency 15 0 0 15 Wine hhds 0 0 731 0 0 731 Wine pipes 0 0 46 Wine qtr casks 0 46 8468 6385 12438 257 27548 TOTAL 1008 TABLE 369 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER , UPPER DISTRICT, 1771 B SEU TOTAL Good nit Wi NA 0 139 0 0 139 Bread kegs 0 5500 0 0 5500 Cheese pounds 0 75 0 0 75 Cheese 0 1878 0 0 1878 Chocolate pounds Chocolate 0 76 0 0 76 boxes 2054 pounds 1734 320 0 0 Coffee 1 0 0 1 Coffee tierces 0 0 6 0 0 6 Coffee bags 0 6 0 0 6 Coffee barrels 7 0 0 7 Coffee casks 0 1696 0 0 1696 0 Dollars 5 0 0 5 0 Ginger bags 100 0 0 100 0 Guineas 200 feet 0 200 0 0 Heading 2000 0 0 2000 0 Hoops 0 92 0 0 92 Iron tons 14 0 0 14 0 Iron cwt 0 9 0 0 9 Loaf sugar hhds 0 2350 0 2350 0 Loaf sugar pounds 10 0 0 10 0 Loaf sugar barrels 12 0 0 12 0 Loaf sugar casks 4 0 0 4 0 Loaf sugar tierces 92 0 0 157 Molasses hhds 65 0 254 casks 0 254 0 Molasses 4 0 0 4 Molasses barrels 0 18 0 0 18 0 Molasses tierces 51 0 0 0 51 Negroes 0 1 0 1 0 Pimento tierces 0 1 0 1 0 Pimento bags 14190 0 0 14190 Plank feet 0 0 265 0 0 265 Planks 0 6 0 6 0 Potatoes hhds 0 12 0 0 12 Potatoes barrels 175 0 0 175 Potatoes bushels 0 79 0 0 80 Rum tierces 1 1009 WI NA GB SEO TOTAr Gooa Unit 249 0 0 657 Rum hhds 408 0 0 335 Rum barrels 201 134 0 2 0 0 2 Rum kegs 0 135 0 0 13 5 Salt hhds shels 1140 2 680 0 0 3820 Salt bu 8500 0 0 8500 0 Shingles hhds 0 1 0 0 1 Spirits 5 0 0 5 Spirits barrels 0 0 9000 0 0 9 000 Staves 63 61 2 0 0 Sugar hhds 321 barrels 264 57 0 0 Sugar 5 3 0 0 8 Sugar tierces 0 24 0 0 24 Tea pounds 0 693 0 0 693 Virginia pounds currency IO 0 0 10 Virginia shil lings 0 currency 15 0 0 15 Virginia pence 0 currency 2 0 23 25 Wine qtr casks 0 4 0 0 4 0 Wine tierces 6 0 46.75 52.75 0 Wine pipes 9 0 0 9 Wine barrels 0 2 0 16 18 0 Wine hhds 1010 TABLE 370 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO JAMES RIVER, UPPER DISTRICT, 1771 WI B SEU TOTAL Good Unit 108 0 0 108 Bread kegs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 Coffee tierces 0 0 0 bags 0 0 0 Coffee 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee casks 0 390 0 0 390 Dollars 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 105 0 0 105 Guineas 0 0 0 0 0 Heading feet 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 444 0 0 444 0 Iron tons 3 0 0 3 0 Iron cwt 0 132 0 132 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 69 0 0 69 Loaf sugar pounds 37 0 0 37 0 Loaf sugar barrels 0 44 0 0 44 Loaf sugar casks 0 40 0 0 40 Loaf sugar tierces 0 0 847 hhds 351 496 Molasses 45585 0 0 45585 0 Molasses casks 6 0 0 6 0 Molasses barrels 0 0 59 0 59 Molasses tierces 0 0 0 1958 1958 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 46 0 0 46 Plank feet 9 0 0 9 0 Planks 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 0 0 485 6 479 Rum tierces J0 1 l WI NA GB SEU TO TAL Good Unit 2643 0 0 6974 4331 Rum hhds 9 393 0 0 982 Rum barrels 58 0 3 0 0 3 Rum kegs 0 46 0 0 46 Salt hhds 29 0 0 184 Salt bushels 55 1 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 11 0 0 11 Spirits hhds 15 0 0 15 0 Spirits barrels 37 0 0 37 0 Staves 211 40 0 0 1251 hhds 1Sugar 1216 262 0 0 1478 Sugar barrels 0 13 8 5 0 Sugar tierces 4 0 0 4 0 Tea pounds 418 0 0 418 Virginia pounds 0 currency 0 0 0 0 Virginia shillings 0 currency 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia pence currency 5 0 174 189 1 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 tierces 0 1411 1592 Wine es 0 181 8 Wine pip 68 0 0 6 Wine barrels 0 0 241 271 0 30 Wine hhds 105 1826 63903 9725 52247 TOTAL 1012 TABLE 371 QUANTITY OF EXPO RTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTR ICT, 1725 WI NA GB SEO TOT A[ Gooa Unit shels 5183 2 100 0 1200 8483 Corn bu 97 bushels 77 20 0 0 Peas 0 2596 0 2618 Pitch barrels 22 00 feet 10000 1000 500 0 115 Plank 0 0 1 0 1 Skins boxes 0 0 20300 0 20300 Staves 1000 0 35793 0 36793 Staves (barrels) 0 0 32730 0 32730 Staves (hhds) 0 0 52617 0 52617 Staves (pipes) 0 0 0 35 35 Tar barrels 0 0 14 0 14 Tobacco tubs 0 0 7160 0 7160 Tobacco hhds 0 0 600 600 0 Wheat bushels 1013 TABLE 372 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRI CT, 1725 Onit WI NA GB SEO TOTA[" Good hels 396 16 1 0 92 649 Corn bus 2 0 0 8 Peas bushels 6 ls 15 0 1716 0 1731 Pitch barre feet 13 1 1 0 15 Plank 0 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 0 33 0 33 Staves 1 0 29 0 30 Staves (barrels) 3 0 0 53 0 5 Staves (hhds) 0 0 113 0 11 3 Staves (pipes) 18 0 0 0 18 Tar barrels 0 33 0 33 Tobacco tubs 0 0 0 67054 0 67 054 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 83 83 Wheat bushels 164 69032 175 698 20 449 TOTAL 1014 TABLE 373 QUANTITY OF EXPO RTS FROM 726 YORK RIVER DISTR ICT, 1 NA GB 'ONK TOTA[ W1 Gooa 'Onit els 0 465 0 0 0 4650 Corn bush 0 0 3 0 3 Deer Skins hhds 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 0 61 0 61 Deer Skins 0 78 18 96 0 Iron tons 0 0 0 2020 Peas bushels 0 202 0 0 990 0 99 0 Plank feet 0 1 0 1 Rum hhds 0 0 21210 1800 250 10 2000 Staves (barrels) 0 0 39800 900 40700 Staves (hhds) 0 79290 3200 82490 0 Staves (pipes) 0 211 0 211 Tar barrels 0 0 8 0 8 0 Tobacco barrels 0 10294 373 10667 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 10 0 10 Tobacco tubs 0 0 2 0 2 Wine pipes 1015 TABLE 374 VALUE OF EXPOR TS FROM ER DISTRICT, 1726 YORK RIV WI NA GB UNK TOTA L Good Unit 343 0 0 343 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 149 0 0 149 Peas bushels 0 2 0 2 0 Plank feet 0 12 0 12 0 Rum hhds 2 0 17 1 2 0 Staves (barrels) 0 0 62 63 Staves (W1ds) 72 0 0 165 7 1 Staves (pipes) 0 108 0 108 ar barrels 0 T 0 19 0 19 Tobacco barrels 0 0 0 48101 17 43 49844 Tobacco hhds 0 0 12 0 12 Tobacco tubs 0 0 0 0 0 Wine pipes 52 50744 2 492 48498 17 TOTAL 1016 TABLE 375 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RJVER DISTRICT, 1730 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Beans bushels 114 30 0 144 Beef barrels 200 0 0 200 Bread pounds 10100 0 0 10100 Bread tierces 115 0 0 115 Corn and bushels 12803 8014 0 20817 peas Deer Skin casks 0 0 1 1 Deer Skins 0 0 50 50 Flour barrels 822 0 0 822 Heading 480 0 627 1107 Headings 4000 0 0 4000 and staves Iron tons 0 0 385 385 Linen ells 0 105 0 105 Oats bushels 350 0 0 350 Pitch barrels 70 0 0 70 Plank feet 2000 0 2625 4625 Pork pounds 2150 0 0 2150 Pork barrels 289 0 0 289 Rum tierces 0 4 0 4 Rum hhds 0 1 0 1 Rum gallons 0 0 140 140 Salt barrels 0 6 0 6 Shingles 20000 0 0 20000 Shingles M 20 0 0 20 Skins hhds 0 0 I 1 Skins boxes 0 0 2 2 Staves 6400 0 46290 52690 (barrels) Staves 13192 0 61102 74294 (hhds) Staves 0 0 36680 36680 (pipes) Tar barrels 85 0 0 85 Tobacco pounds 1046 0 0 1046 1017 Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Good hJ1ds 0 0 10634 1063 4 Tobacco 2 Tobacco tubs 0 0 2 Turpentine barrels 111 0 0 111 Wax pounds 0 30 0 30 heat bushels 0 247 0 247 W pipes 0 0 3 3 Wine 0 3 3 Wine hhds 0 1018 TABLE 376 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1730 Wi B TOTAL Gooa mt 2 0 9 Beans bushels 7 197 0 0 197 Beef barrels pounds 44 0 0 44 Bread tierces 134 0 0 134 Bread 813 509 0 1322 Corn and bushels peas casks 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 558 558 0 0 Flour barrels 1 0 I 2 Heading 0 0 6 6 Headings and staves 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 Linen ells 0 0 22 22 Oats bushels 35 0 0 35 Pitch barrels 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 0 21 Pork pounds 21 563 0 0 563 Pork barrels 20 0 20 0 Rum tierces 9 0 9 0 Rum hhds 0 0 12 12 Rum gallons 2 0 2 0 Salt barrels 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 34 39 5 Staves (barrels) 90 110 20 0 Staves 72 (hhds) 72 0 0 Staves (pipes) 31 0 0 31 barrels 0 5 Tar 5 0 Tobacco pounds 101 9 ood Unit wr NA GB TOTA[ G Tobacco hhds 0 0 39121 39121 Tobacco tubs 0 0 2 2 Turpentine barrels 87 0 0 87 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 717 0 717 Wine pipes 0 0 40 40 Wine hhds 0 0 20 20 TOTAL 2549 1259 39392 43200 1020 TABLE 377 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RJVER DISTRICT, 1732 WI NA B SEU TOTAL Good Umt 0 0 0 1500 1500 Bread pounds 5342 .5 2600 0 1300 9242 .5 Corn bushels 1949 4432 0 0 6381 Corn and bushels peas 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skin casks 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skin chests 15 0 0 15 0 Deer Skins 0 0 5 5 Flour barrels 0 1 0 0 1 0 Furs and barrels skins 0 0 1 0 1 Furs and hhds skins 450 0 1600 0 2050 Heading 0 57 0 57 Iron pigs 0 0 1101 0 1101 0 Iron tons 0 230 0 230 0 Iron cwt 0 0 0 83 Peas bushels 83 18 0 0 0 18 Peas casks 0 117 0 117 Pitch barrels 0 0 24641 800 25441 Plank feet 0 0 0 0 5 Pork casks 5 119 370 barrels 232 19 0 Pork 0 0 0 l 1 Pork hhds 0 0 200 0 200 Rum gallons 0 0 53090 53090 0 Shingles 0 75196 1730 0 73466 Staves (barrels) 1500 104058 2550 0 100008 Staves (hhds) 0 95255 2500 98055 300 Staves (pipes) 0 1070 0 1070 Tar barrels 0 0 0 10099 0 10099 Tobacco hhds 450 450 pounds 0 0 0 Wax 0 0 4074 4074 0 Wheat bushels 1021 Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Good s 0 0 18 0 18 Wine pipe 1 0 1 Wine hhds 0 0 1022 TABLE 378 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1732 Umt WI NA SEU TOTAL Gooa 0 0 0 5 5 Bread pounds bushels 300 146 0 73 519 Corn 110 249 0 0 359 Corn and bushels peas 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin casks 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 2 2 Flour barrels 0 barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Furs and skins 0 0 0 0 Furs and hhds 0 skins 0 0 0 0 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons cwt 0 0 0 0 0 Iron 0 0 0 5 5 Peas bushels 0 0 0 4 Peas casks 4 0 0 52 0 52 Pitch barrels 0 3 0 3 Plank feet 0 8 0 0 0 8 Pork casks 183 568 barrels 356 29 0 Pork 3 hhds 3 0 0 0 Pork 16 gallons 0 0 16 0 Rum 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 51 0 52 1 Staves (barrels) 4 0 140 2 146 Staves (hhds) 1 0 178 5 184 Staves (pipes) 0 366 0 0 366 Tar barrels 0 0 39331 0 39331 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax pounds 0 0 342 342 Wheat bushels 0 \023 Good Umt WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Wine pipes 0 0 229 0 229 Wine hhds 0 0 6 0 6 TOTAL 792 424 40372 612 42200 1024 TABLE 379 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1733 nit WI NA SEU TOTAL Gooa bushels 3812 9946 0 0 458 14216 Corn Deer Skin 0 0 76 0 0 76 s 1 F 0 0 1 0 0 urs and casks skins 0 4988 Headin 4g 9 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Heading C 12 0 1048 pigs 0 0 1048 0 Iron 0 853 0 0 853 Iron tons 0 396 0 0 454 1372 Peas bushels 522 0 50 0 0 50 Pitch and barrels 0 turpentine 0 0 16 C feet 0 0 16 Plank 0 0 4 M feet 0 0 4 Plank 0 0 2446 0 0 2446 Plank feet 0 55 0 0 55 0 Planks 0 5600 0 0 0 5600 Pork pounds 0 0 2 2 0 0 Pork boxes 52 0 0 21 170 97 Pork barrels 0 0 2 0 0 2 Rum hhds 0 3 0 0 3 Rum casks 0 0 0 260 gallons 0 0 260 Rum 0 4 0 0 4 0 Skins casks 0 0 134037 0 0 134037 Staves 0 0 86 0 86 0 Staves M (barrel) 4600 0 1000 7600 2000 0 Staves (barrels) 0 93.25 0 0 93.25 0 Staves C (barrels) 0 0 J 1230 0 0 11230 Staves (hhds) 0 332.25 0 0 332.25 0 Staves C (hhds) 0 6900 0 1000 7900 0 Staves (pipes) 1025 wr NA GB IRE SEU TOTA[' Gooa Unit 0 0 267.25 0 0 267.2 5 Staves C (pipes) 1760 0 0 1760 Tar barrels 0 0 0 0 10690 0 0 106 90 Tobacco hhds 0 1 0 1 2 Wax casks 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Wax boxes 6 0 0 1854 1860 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 20 0 0 20 Wine pipes 0 0 1 0 0 I Wine hhds 1026 TABLE 380 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1733 NA B IRE SEU TOTAL mt WI Good 626 0 0 29 895 240 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 0 Furs and casks skins 0 0 0 0 1 1 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heading C 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 25 0 0 29 87 Peas bushels 33 0 0 26 0 0 26 Pitch and barrels turpentine 0 0 2 0 0 2 Plank C feet 0 4 0 0 4 0 Plank M feet 0 0 3 0 0 3 Plank feet 0 1 0 0 1 0 Planks 40 0 0 0 40 0 Pork pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pork boxes 74 0 0 30 242 Pork barrels 138 0 0 14 hhds 0 0 14 Rum 0 0 13 0 0 13 Rum casks 0 18 0 0 18 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 181 0 0 181 0 Staves 0 0 58 0 58 0 Staves M (barrel) 0 3 0 1 5 1 Staves (barrels) 0 6 0 0 6 0 Staves C (barrels) 15 0 0 15 0 0 Staves (hhds) 0 45 0 0 45 0 Staves C (hhds) 0 12 0 2 14 0 Staves (pipes) 1027 wr NA GB IRE SEU TOTA[" Gooa Unit 0 0 48 0 0 48 Staves C (pipes) 0 0 646 0 0 646 Tar barrels 0 39278 0 0 39278 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax casks boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 1 0 0 170 171 Wheat bushels 0 246 0 0 246 Wine pipes 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 Wine hhds 1 074 413 766 40576 5 8 26 42 TOTAL 1028 TABLE 381 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1735 WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good Omt 0 18 18 Beans bushels 0 0 0 0 20 Beef barrels 20 0 2544 5340 0 5924 13808 Corn bushels 2489.5 6520 0 2990 11999.5 Corn and bushels peas 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skin casks 0 0 2 0 2 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 6 2 8 Heading C 0 300 0 300 Iron pigs 0 0 541.85 0 541.85 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lumber 82 160 0 300 542 Peas bushels 3 0 0 3 Plank tons 0 0 0 1300 1000 2300 Plank feet 35 0 33 324 Pork barrels 256 6 0 0 6 Rum tierces 0 0 53 0 0 53 Rum hhds 0 0 427 0 427 Rum gallons 14 0 0 14 Salt bushels 0 10 0 0 0 10 Shingles M 700 0 0 0 700 Shingles 0 0 2 0 2 Skins barrels 0 0 6 0 6 Staves M 46 0 0 0 46 Staves C 0 0 72518 0 72518 Staves 0 0 90 0 90 Staves C (barrels) 0 0 9290 0 9290 Staves (barrels) 1000 0 13665 0 14665 Staves (hhds) 0 0 175.65 0 175 .65 Staves C (hhds) 0 0 12400 0 12400 Staves 1029 WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Gooa Unit (pipes) 0 0 239.15 15 254.15 Staves C (pipes) barrels 0 15 32 0 47 Sugar rels 0 0 8 00 0 800 Tar bar 0 0 10581 0 10581 Tobacco hhds 35 0 35 Turpentine barrels 0 0 hhds 0 0 0 2 2 Wax ks 0 0 0 2 2 Wax cas 0 1 1 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 270 270 Wax pounds 0 1080 0 1982 3062 Wheat bushels 0 0 16 0 16 Wine pipes 0 0 23 0 23 Wine hhds 1030 TABLE 382 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1735 Umt WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 1 1 Beans bushels 0 barrels 18 0 0 0 18 Beef 121 254 0 282 657 Corn bushels bushels 118 310 0 142 570 Corn and peas 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin casks 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 1 0 1 Heading C 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 0 tons 0 0 0 0 0 Iron 0 0 0 0 0 Lumber 4 8 0 14 26 Peas bushels 0 0 0 Plank tons 0 0 feet 0 0 2 1 3 Plank barrels 290 40 0 37 367 Pork 0 0 26 Rum tierces 0 26 hhds 0 395 0 0 395 Rum 0 0 30 0 30 Rum gallons bushels 0 1 0 0 1 Salt 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels M 0 0 9 0 9 Staves 7 0 0 0 7 Staves C 0 0 112 0 112 Staves 0 10 0 10 Staves C 0 (barrels) 0 0 10 0 10 Staves (barrels) 2 0 21 0 23 Staves (hhds) 0 0 27 0 27 Staves C (hhds) 0 0 40 0 40 Staves (pipes) 1031 nit WI NA GB SEO TOTA[ Good U 0 0 77 5 82 Staves C (pipes) gar barrels 0 48 103 0 151 Su 0 232 0 232 Tar barrels 0 hhds 0 0 41819 0 41819 Tobacco 0 0 20 0 20 Turpentine barrels 0 0 Wax hhds 0 0 0 casks 0 0 0 0 0 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 0 Wax pounds 0 0 0 els 0 125 0 230 355 Wheat bush 7 0 207 Wine pipes 0 0 20 149 0 149 Wine hhds 0 0 560 1207 42869 712 45348 TOTAL 1032 TABLE 383 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1736 NA B SEU TOTAL Good Omt WI 0 22 0 0 22 Beans bushels 1000 0 0 0 1000 Bread pounds 11191 0 1943 17882 .5 Corn bushels 4748.5 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 176 0 176 Deer S 0k ins 0 0 16 0 16 Heading 19 0 0 0 19 Heading C 0 412 0 412 Iron tons 0 0 0 509 0 509 Iron pigs 0 126 0 571 .5 697 .5 Peas bushels 0 2 0 4 Plank M feet 2 0 0 14 0 14 Plank C feet 0 226 13076 0 13302 Plank feet 8 0 45 178 Pork barrels 125 0 JOO 348.5 0 448 .5 Rum gallons M 48 .5 0 0 0 48 .5 Shingles 7 0 0 0 7 Staves M 0 0 235399 0 235399 Staves 0 0 0 1760 1760 Staves (pipes) 0 500 0 530 Tar barrels 30 0 8414 0 8414 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 3 0 3 Walnut logs 0 0 3 3 Wax kegs 0 28.5 0 0 28 .5 Wheat bushels 0 0 2 0 2 Wine pipes 0 1033 TABLE 384 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1736 WI NA SEU TOTAL Good mt 1 0 0 1 Beans bushels 0 3 0 0 0 3 Bread pounds 633 0 110 1012 Corn bushels 269 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Heading 3 0 0 0 3 Heading C 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 7 0 32 39 Peas bushels 2 0 2 0 4 Plank M feet 0 2 0 2 Plank C feet 0 0 0 15 0 15 Plank feet 222 barrels 156 10 0 56 Pork 7 23 0 30 Rum gallons 0 M 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 10 0 0 0 10 Staves M 0 0 328 0 328 Staves 0 0 0 5 5 Staves (pipes) 0 134 0 142 Tar barrels 8 0 32519 0 32519 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Walnut logs 0 0 0 0 0 Wax kegs 0 3 0 0 3 Wheat bushels 0 26 0 26 Wine pipes 0 451 661 33049 203 34364 TOTAL 1034 TABLE 385 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1737 Good Onit WI 1'1A GB SEO TOTAL Beans bushels 0 10 0 0 10 Beef barrels 50 0 0 0 50 Bread barrels 30 0 0 0 30 Corn bushels 5850 9507 0 1617 16974 Deer Skin pounds 0 0 10 0 10 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins 0 0 237 0 237 Deer Skins casks 0 0 4 0 4 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 1 0 1 Deer sk ins 0 0 I l 0 I l (raw) Flour barrels 50 0 0 0 50 Heading 1000 0 0 0 1000 Iron tons 0 0 537 0 537 Negroes 0 0 0 3 3 Peas bushels 1150 346 0 1170 2666 Plank feet 1500 2660 3244 0 7404 Pork barrels 50 6 0 0 56 Salt bushels 0 100 0 0 100 Shingles 21000 0 0 0 21000 Skins hhds 0 0 2 0 2 Skins boxes 0 0 1 0 1 Staves 17000 8500 212430 520 238450 Tobacco hhds 0 0 12720 0 12720 Turpentine barrels 0 0 50 0 50 Wheat bushels 0 20 0 162 182 Wine pipes 0 0 16 0 16 1035 TABLE 386 VALUEOFEXPORTSFROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1737 Good Onit WI NA GB SEO TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 1 0 0 Beef barrel s 53 0 0 0 53 Bread barrels 24 0 0 0 24 Corn bushels 357 581 0 99 1037 Deer Skin pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Deer sk ins 0 0 0 0 0 (raw) Flour barrels 31 0 0 0 3 1 Heading 2 0 0 0 2 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 0 Negroes 0 0 0 56 56 Peas bushels 70 2 1 0 71 162 Plank feet 2 4 5 0 11 Pork barrels 80 10 0 0 90 Salt bushels 0 5 0 0 5 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 32 16 398 l 447 Tobacco hhds 0 0 56778 0 56778 Turpentine barrels 0 0 19 0 19 Wheat bushels 0 2 0 18 20 Wine pipes 0 0 196 0 196 TOTAL 651 640 57396 245 58932 1036 TABLE 387 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRI CT , 1738 Gooa Unit WI NA GB SEO TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 30 0 40 70 Bread hhds so 0 0 0 so Corn bushels 40 1800 0 230 2070 Deer Skins 0 0 405 0 405 Flour barrels 112 0 0 4 116 Heading 0 0 3000 0 3000 Heading C 42 0 0 0 42 Iron pigs 0 0 300 0 300 Iron tons 0 0 359 0 359 Peas bushels 1917 2 100 0 1749 5766 Plank pieces 0 0 I I 0 11 Plank feet 5570 14600 800 0 20970 Plank C feet 0 0 3 0 3 Planks 0 0 51 0 51 Pork barrels 116 0 0 0 116 Rum ga llons 0 0 74 0 74 Shingles M 74 0 0 0 74 Skins bundles 0 0 1 0 1 Skins hhds 0 0 0 1 Skins casks 0 0 I 0 1 Staves 8000 12300 167670 2200 190170 Tobacco hhds 0 0 10076 0 10076 Tobacco barrels 0 0 3 0 3 Wax bags 0 0 0 1 1 Wax barrels 0 0 0 3 3 Wax hhds 0 0 0 4 4 Wax pounds 0 0 200 0 200 Wheat bushels 0 2 10 0 0 2 10 Wine qtr casks 2 0 0 0 2 Wine hhds 0 0 0 1037 TABLE 388 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1738 Omt wr NA GB SEU TOTAL Good Beans bushels 0 2 0 3 5 0 93 Bread hhds 93 0 0 bushels 3 118 0 15 136 Corn 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 2 72 Flour barrels 70 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 Heading 9 0 0 0 9 Heading C 0 0 Iron pigs 0 0 0 0 0 2238 0 2238 Iron tons 114 376 Peas bushels 125 137 0 0 0 Plank pieces 0 0 0 9 25 1 0 35 Plank feet 0 1 Plank C feet 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Planks 0 0 215 Pork barrels 215 0 0 0 5 0 5 Rum ga1lons 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 17 26 356 5 404 Staves hhds 0 0 47516 0 47516 Tobacco 0 0 7 0 7 Tobacco barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax bags 0 0 0 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax hhds pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 23 0 0 23 Wheat bushels qtr casks 7 0 0 0 7 Wine 7 0 0 7 Wine hhds 0 548 338 50131 139 51156 TOTAL 1038 TABLE 389 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1739 Umt WI NA B SEU TOTAL Good 10 0 0 10 Beans bushels 0 0 2 0 0 2 Beef barrels Bread pounds 0 0 0 4000 4000 200 8400 0 4868 13468 Corn bushels 0 0 2 0 2 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 19 0 19 Deer Skins 0 0 200 0 200 Hemp pounds 0 0 624 0 624 Iron tons 0 2 0 0 2 Negroes 110 236 0 390 736 Peas bushels 0 0 6 0 6 Plank pieces 0 0 2400 2000 4400 Plank feet 0 0 2 0 2 Plank M feet 0 0 36 0 36 Planks 0 500 0 0 500 Pork pieces 169 15 0 43 227 Pork barrels 0 530 395 38 963 Rum gallons so 0 0 so Salt bushels 0 19000 0 0 5600 24600 Shingles 0 0 1 0 1 Skins barrels 0 0 1 0 1 Skins hhds 2000 1000 184370 6900 194270 Staves 0 3 0 0 3 Sugar barrels 0 0 11910 0 11910 Tobacco W1ds 0 0 0 1337 1337 Wax pounds 12 0 15157 15169 Wheat bushels 0 1 1 0 2 Wine hbds 0 32 4 0 36 Wine pipes 0 0 9 0 9 Wood fathoms 0 1039 TABLE 390 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1739 '0111t WI '.N'A B SEU TOTAL Gooa 0 0 Beans bushels 0 0 0 0 2 Beef barrels 0 2 0 0 0 0 14 14 Bread pounds bushels 8 349 0 202 559 Corn Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 Deer S 0k ins 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp pounds 0 0 3677 0 3677 Iron tons 0 53 0 0 53 Negroes bushels 5 10 0 16 31 Peas pieces 0 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 0 4 3 7 Plank 3 0 3 Plank M feet 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Planks 0 0 0 Pork pieces 0 0 barrels 273 24 0 70 367 Pork ga llons 0 36 27 3 66 Rum 0 0 3 Salt bushels 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 4 2 350 13 369 Staves 0 10 0 0 10 Sugar barrels hhds 0 0 49750 0 49750 Tobacco pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax bushels 0 1 0 1259 1260 Wheat 0 6 6 0 12 Wine hhds 0 407 51 0 458 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 Wood fathoms 0 290 903 53869 1580 56642 TOTAL 1040 TABLE 391 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1740 wr NA GB SEU TOTAL Dood Umt 0 )60 0 38 198 Beans bushels 4 4 Beef barrels 0 0 0 3300 11223 0 2819 17342 Corn bushels 0 95 0 95 Deer Skins 0 casks 3 0 0 0 3 Flour barrels 0 0 0 12 12 Flour 0 0 400 0 400 Heading tons 0 0 589 0 589 Iron 0 0 1 0 1 Negroes 0 346 526 Peas bushels 0 180 feet 0 0 100 2600 2700 Plank pieces 0 11 7 0 18 Plank 54 0 0 54 Pork cwt 0 67 37 0 38 142 Pork barrels 490.5 0 490 .5 Rum gallons 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 Shingles M 1 0 1 Skins boxes 0 0 hhds 0 0 2 0 2 Skins 12000 400 103473 2600 118473 Staves 0 8243 0 8243 Tobacco hhds 0 pounds 0 0 0 2373 2373 Wax 0 1935 0 9665 11600 Wheat bushels gallons 0 30 0 0 30 Wine 0 0 1 0 1 Wine pipes 1041 TABLE 392 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1740 Good Unit WI 'NA GB :SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 7 0 2 9 Beef barrels 0 0 0 4 4 Corn bushels 150 509 0 128 787 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flour casks 1 0 0 0 I Flour barrels 0 0 0 6 6 Heading 0 0 1 0 1 Iron tons 0 0 3364 0 3364 Negroes 0 0 27 0 27 Peas bushels 0 8 0 16 24 Plank feet 0 0 0 4 4 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 0 Pork cwt 0 42 0 0 42 Pork barrels 93 51 0 53 197 Rum gallons 0 0 38 0 38 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 24 I 209 5 239 Tobacco hhds 0 0 32041 0 32041 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 190 0 949 1139 Wine gallons 0 3 0 0 3 Wine pipes 0 0 12 0 12 TOTAL 268 811 35692 I 167 37938 1042 TABLE 393 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1741 Umt Wi NA GBG o To Od TAL Beans bushels 0 2 0 2 Bread pounds 0 0 3500 3500 bushels 11065 12119 0 23184 Corn Deer Skin pounds 0 0 232 232 Deer Skin chests 0 0 1 1 Deer Skins 0 0 3462 3462 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 1 1 0 1 Flour barrels 1 0 28 H 0 08ea ding 2808 0 pigs 0 0 1002 1002 Iron tons 0 0 962 962 Iron bushels 80 70 0 150 Peas barrels 0 0 100 100 Pitch Plank pieces 0 4 0 4 Plank feet 0 924 3265 4189 0 15 15 Plank C feet 0 0 0 96 96 Planks pounds 0 280 0 280 Pork barrels 57 42 20 119 Pork gallons 0 331 897 1228 Rum 134700 0 0 134700 Shingles bundles 0 0 5 5 Skins Skins cases 0 0 1 1 hhds 0 0 5 5 Skins chests 0 0 1 1 Skins Skins casks 0 0 3 3 Staves 10535 1200 221671 233406 Tar barrels 0 0 487 487 Tobacco hhds 3 0 15469 15472 Wheat bushels 0 48.5 3500 3548.5 0 32 32 Wine gallons 0 pipes 0 0 I 1 Wine 0 2 2 Wine hhds 0 1043 TABLE 394 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1741 Umt WI NA GB TOTAL Good bushels 0 0 0 0 Beans pounds 0 0 21 21 Bread bushels 1037 1136 0 2173 Corn Deer Skin pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 1 Flour barrels 1 0 9 0 0 9 Heading 0 0 0 0 Iron pigs 0 6313 6313 Iron tons 0 7 7 0 14 Peas bushels barrels 0 0 60 60 Pitch 0 0 Plank pieces 0 0 0 2 8 10 Plank feet 0 0 4 4 Plank C feet 0 0 2 2 Planks 2 0 2 Pork pounds 0 97 72 34 203 Pork barrels 34 91 125 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins bundles cases 0 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Skins chests 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 32 4 683 719 Staves 0 235 235 Tar barrels 0 14 0 73857 73871 Tobacco hhds 0 7 535 542 Wheat bushels 0 4 4 Wine gallons 0 0 0 15 15 Wine pipes 0 0 15 15 Wine hhds 1197 1264 81877 84338 TOTAL 1044 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL 1045 TABLE 395 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1742 Good Omt Wl ~A GB SEU TOTAL Beef barrels 35 0 0 0 35 pounds 0 1000 0 0 1000 Bread 2595 7439 0 9514 19548 Corn bushels Deer Skins hhds 0 0 10 0 10 Deer Skins 0 0 934 0 934 700 0 0 0 700 Heading tons 0 0 553 0 553 Iron Peas/beans bushels 298 167.5 0 1061.25 1526.75 barrels 66 0 31 0 97 Pitch feet 0 100 3092 0 3192 Plank 0 0 61 0 61 Planks pounds 0 2000 0 0 2000 Pork barrels 330 23 0 85 438 Pork Rum hhds 0 0 1 0 1 gallons 0 10 311.5 0 321.5 Rum 169850 0 0 0 169850 Shingles 3600 0 223124 14720 241444 Staves barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Sugar 0 431 Tar barrels 136 0 295 0 0 9672 0 9672 Tobacco hhds 1210 1210 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 10 0 630 640 Wheat bushels qtr casks 11 0 0 0 1 ] Wine 11 0 2 0 13 Wine pipes 4 0 4 Wine hhds 0 0 1046 TABLE 396 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1742 Umt WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Gooa 0 0 0 40 Beef barrels 40 Bread pounds 0 4 0 0 4 Corn bushels 219 628 0 803 1650 De 0e r 0 0S kins hhds 0 0 Dee 0 0r 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 2 Heading 2 0 0 3182 0 3182 Iron tons 9 129 P 0e as 0/b eans bushels 25 14 barrels 34 0 16 0 50 Pitch 0 0 6 0 6 P lank feet 0 0 1 0 1 Planks Pork pounds 0 17 0 0 17 Pork barrels 561 39 0 144 744 Rum hhds 0 0 12 0 12 Rum gallons 0 1 36 0 37 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 515 34 557 Staves barrels 0 4 0 0 4 Sugar barrels 54 0 118 0 172 Tar 0 50823 0 50823 Tobacco hhds 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 1 0 71 72 W heat bushels qtr casks 42 0 0 0 42 Wine pipes 168 0 31 0 199 Wine hhds 0 0 31 0 31 Wine 1153 708 54771 1142 57774 TOTAL 1047 TABLE 397 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1743 Gooa Unit WI N'A GB SEO TOTA[ Bar iron pounds 0 240 0 0 240 Beans bushels 10 0 0 0 10 Corn bushels 20343 5000 0 2600 27943 Deer Skins 0 0 1202 0 1202 Flour pounds 2000 0 0 0 2000 Flour barrels 10 0 0 0 10 Heading 400 0 0 0 400 Indigo pounds 0 880 5830 0 6710 Iron tons 0 0 743 0 743 Peas bushels 1535 265 0 154 1954 Plank tons 0 2 0 0 2 Plank feet 2000 0 30 0 2030 Plank pieces 0 3 90 0 93 Planks 0 0 170 0 170 Pork casks 1 0 0 0 Pork barrels 132 0 0 0 132 Rum gallons 0 0 2204 0 2204 Salt bushels 190 0 0 0 190 Shingles M 45 0 0 0 45 Shingles 58128 0 0 0 58128 Staves 0 0 251304 0 251304 Sugar barrels 0 2 0 0 2 Tar barrels 0 0 444 0 444 Tobacco hhds 0 0 5107 0 5107 Wax pounds 0 0 0 400 400 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 1180 1180 1048 TABLE 398 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1743 Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Gooa 2 0 0 2 Bar iron pounds 0 Bea bushels 1 0 0 0 1 ns 136 335 0 174 1871 Corn bushels 2 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flou pounds 5 0 0 0 5 r Flour barrels 5 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 1 Heading pounds 0 204 1354 0 1558 Indigo 0 3878 Iron tons 0 0 3878 Peas bushels 103 18 0 10 131 0 0 0 0 0 Plank tons Plank fee 3 0 0 0 t 3 1 0 1 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 Planks casks 2 0 0 0 2 Pork barrels 283 0 0 0 283 Pork gallons 0 0 218 0 218 Rum 13 0 0 0 13 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 521 0 521 Staves 0 0 7 Sugar barre ls 0 7 144 0 144 Tar barrels 0 0 hhds 0 0 24877 0 24877 Tobacco 0 0 0 Wax pounds 0 0 0 105 105 Wheat bushels 0 0 1778 566 30996 289 33629 TOTAL 1049 TABLE 399 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1744 Omt WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good 1 0 0 0 1 Bread barrels bus 4h 0e 4 241 ls 14682 5390 0 5 17 Corn 0 0 112 0 112 Deer Skins ]84 0 0 0 184 Flour barrels 0 709 0 709 Furs an 0d skins 2000 0 0 0 2000 Hoops 0 0 280 0 280 Iron tons bushels 1236 .5 190 0 512 1938.5 Peas 0 0 35 0 35 Plank pieces 1525 0 1575 Plank feet 0 so 0 0 6 0 6 Planks 705 0 0 0 705 Pork pounds barrels 249 10 0 0 259 Pork 1069 0 1069 Rum gallons 0 0 750 0 0 0 750 Shingles 90 0 0 0 90 Shingles M 4900 0 132750 250 137900 Staves barrels 0 30 0 0 30 Tar 0 0 8350 0 8350 Tobacco hhds 4 0 0 4 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 0 4325 4325 Wax pounds 0 4726 4726 Wheat bushels 0 0 1 0 1 Wine pipes 0 0 1050 TABLE 400 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1744 Good Un it WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Bread barrels I 0 0 0 Corn bushels 674 247 0 186 1107 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 76 0 0 0 76 Furs and 0 0 0 0 0 skins Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 1373 0 1373 Peas bushels 57 9 0 24 90 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 0 2 0 2 Planks 0 0 0 0 0 Pork pounds 11 0 0 0 1 I Pork barrels 452 18 0 0 470 Rum ga llons 0 0 103 0 103 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 9 0 236 0 245 Tar barrels 0 10 0 0 10 Tobacco hhds 0 0 306 10 0 306 10 Turpentine barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 353 353 Wine pipes 0 0 17 0 17 TOTAL 1280 285 32341 563 34469 1051 TABLE 401 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1745 WI NA B SEU TOTAL Good Omt 0 0 l Beef barrels 1 0 bushels 8630 3000 0 1492 13122 Corn 0 10875 0 10875 Deer Skin 0s 500 0 0 0 500 Heading 3000 0 0 0 3000 Hoops pounds 0 0 692.5 0 692.5 Indigo tons 0 0 614 0 614 Iron 973 80 0 80 1133 Peas bushels barrels 203 0 0 0 203 Pitch 0 0 1650 3000 4650 Plank feet 2 0 0 0 2 Pork casks barrels 306 0 0 0 306 Pork 0 0 2760.5 0 2760.5 Rum gallons 38270 0 0 0 38270 Shingles 40 0 0 0 40 Shingles M 0 1 0 1 Spirits hhds 0 5400 0 188529 0 193929 Staves 0 0 0 615 Tar barrels 615 2 0 12439 0 12441 Tobacco hhds 0 45 0 135 Turpent 9in 0e barrels 0 0 0 300 300 Wax pounds 0 0 12 0 12 Wax cwt 0 0 3226 3226 Wheat bushels 0 0 250 0 250 Wine gallons 0 1052 TABLE 402 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1745 WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good Omt barrels 1 0 0 0 1 Beef 7 634 Corn bushels 2 417 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 1 0 0 0 I Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops poun 0 0 126 0 126 Indigo ds 2811 0 2811 Iron tons 0 0 bushels 47 4 0 4 55 Peas 0 0 78 Pitch barrels 78 0 2 4 6 Plank feet 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 Pork casks 464 0 0 0 464 Pork barrels 0 0 257 0 257 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 10 0 10 Spirits hhds 9 0 316 0 325 Staves 183 0 0 0 183 Tar barrels 7 0 45280 0 45287 Tobacco hhds 0 16 0 48 Turpe 3n 2ti ne barrels pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 0 0 0 0 Wax cwt bushels 0 0 0 240 240 Wheat 31 0 31 Wine gallo 0 ns 0 1242 149 48849 320 50560 TOTAL 1053 TABLE 403 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM 749 YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1 Unit WI NA GB SEO TO TA[ Gooa eef barrels 0 0 0 35 35 B 0 0 0 400 Biscuits pounds 40 0 9950 0 10763 31801 Corn bushels 110 88 0 0 16 017 0 16017 Deer Skins rels 14 0 0 63 r 77 Flour ba tons 0 0 333 0 333 Iron 0 0 0 0 300 Oats bushels 30 ushels 250 0 0 95 3 1203 Peas b 0 0 33240 0 33240 Plank feet Pork barrels 40 0 0 54 94 llons 0 0 2887 0 2887 Rum ga 36200 7000 0 0 43200 Shingles 0 0 264780 6000 270780 Staves 0 0 11934 0 11934 Tobacco hJ1ds 2 0 82 Turpentine barrels 20 0 6 0 0 0 2000 2000 Wax pounds 4 4 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 11 11 0 0 2 0 2 Wine hhds 3 0 3 Wine pipes 0 0 1054 TABLE 404 LUE OF EXPORTS FROM VA YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1 749 Unit WI 'NA GB SEO TOTA [" Gooa rrels 0 0 0 38 Beef ba 38 Biscuits pounds 2 0 0 0 2 Corn bushels 851 763 0 826 2440 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 54 Flour barrels 12 0 0 66 tons 0 0 1 663 0 1663 Iron hels 23 0 0 0 23 Oats bus bushels 19 0 0 73 92 Peas 0 0 81 0 81 Plank feet 70 0 0 95 s 16 5 Pork barrel 8 0 318 Rum gallons 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 811 18 829 Staves 0 59356 0 59356 Tobacco hhds 0 0 31 0 41 Turpentine barrels 10 ounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax p 0 0 0 19 19 Wheat bushels 17 0 17 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 50 0 50 Wine pipes 987 763 62327 1123 65200 TOTAL 1055 TABLE 405 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1750 Omt WI 'NA B SEU TOTAL Good bushels 0 30 0 0 30 Beans 0 0 50 Beef barrels 50 0 550 0 0 0 550 Biscuits cwt bushels 41194 6000 0 8430 55624 Corn 0 0 1100 0 1100 Cotton pounds wool 0 0 9 0 9 Cotton bags wool 0 0 5118 0 5118 Deer Skins 1257 0 0 0 1257 Flour barrels 0 0 0 500 500 Heading 0 0 328 0 328 Iron tons bushels 200 50 0 0 250 Oats 1752 60 0 940 2752 Peas bushels feet 0 0 2960 0 2960 Plank 500 0 0 0 500 Planks 71 20 0 0 91 Pork barrels 0 2256 0 2256 Rum gallo ns 0 67000 0 0 0 67000 Shingles 400 0 0 0 400 Shingles C 53800 0 302800 6790 363390 Staves 0 0 0 65 Tar barrels 65 4 0 13021 0 13025 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 10 Turpentine b 1a 0r rels 0 0 0 600 600 Wax pounds 30 0 0 0 30 Wax cwt 0 0 3350 3350 Wheat bushels 0 0 1 0 1 Wine qtr casks 0 1056 TABLE 406 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1750 Ontt WI NA B SEU TOTAL Good 0 2 0 0 2 Beans bushels barrels 56 0 0 0 56 Beef 246 0 0 0 246 Biscuits cwt 3091 450 0 632 4173 Corn bushels 0 0 61 0 61 Cotton pounds wool 0 60 0 60 Cotton bags 0 wool 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 862 Flour barrels 862 0 0 0 0 2 2 Heading 0 0 1692 0 1692 Iron tons bushels 15 4 0 0 19 Oats 0 71 207 Peas bushels 131 5 0 0 8 0 8 Plank feet 14 0 0 0 14 Planks )33 38 0 0 171 Pork barrels 0 229 0 229 Rum gal lons 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles C 189 0 1061 24 1274 Staves 25 0 0 0 25 Tar barrels 23 0 76325 0 76348 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 6 Turpen 6t ine barrels pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax 0 0 0 0 0 Wax cwt 0 0 0 443 443 Wheat bushels 0 4 0 4 Wine qtr casks 0 479 1 499 79440 1172 8S902 TOTAL 1057 TABLE 407 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1751 WI J\JA B SEU TOTAL Gooa Omt 0 0 15000 35000 Biscuits pounds 20000 0 0 0 20 20 Biscuits hhds 0 4000 Bread pound s 0 4000 0 hhds 59 0 0 0 59 Bread 0 0 9 Bread tierces 9 0 bushels 18282 5900 0 4700 28882 Corn 0 0 19416 0 19416 Deer Skins 396 0 109 80 585 Flour barrels pounds 0 4000 0 0 4000 Flour 2000 0 0 0 2000 Heading 4050 0 0 0 4050 Hoops bushels 500 139 0 0 639 Oats 0 0 333 0 333 Pig iron tons feet 11099 1500 2660 1000 16259 Plank 0 0 40 Pork barrels 40 0 gallons 0 0 2454 112 2566 Rum 66750 0 0 17200 83950 Shingles 15250 0 301700 17000 333950 Staves barrels 14 0 0 0 14 Tar hhds 9 0 11693 0 11702 Tobacco 0 0 6 0 6 Walnut logs 0 0 0 13345 13345 Wheat bushels 2 0 2 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 4 0 4 Wine pipes 0 1058 TABLE 408 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1751 Omt WI N'A B SEO TOTAL Good 0 0 56 131 Biscuits pounds 75 30 30 Biscuits hhds 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 24 Bread pounds 0 0 139 Bread hhds 139 0 14 0 0 0 14 Bread tierces 1501 485 0 386 2372 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins barrels 257 0 71 52 380 Flour 0 0 13 Flour pounds 0 13 5 0 0 0 5 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops bushels 41 11 0 0 52 Oats 0 0 1635 0 1635 Pig iron tons 6 2 35 Plank feet 24 3 0 0 82 Pork barrels 82 0 252 12 264 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 42 0 828 47 917 Staves 0 0 5 Tar barrels 5 0 54 0 69910 0 69964 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Walnut Jogs 0 0 0 1681 1681 Wheat bushel s 9 0 9 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 71 0 71 Wine pipes 0 2239 536 72782 2266 77823 TOTAL 1059 TABLE 409 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1752 Good Omt WI ~A GB SEU TOTAL Beef barrels 6 0 0 0 6 Biscuits pounds 0 3200 0 0 3200 Bread barrels 90 0 0 0 90 15 Bread hhd 0 s 15 0 0 pounds 0 3000 0 0 3000 Bread 7 bu 33870 8970 0 51 s 1 50 h 3e 5Corn l 1 s Deer Skins 0 0 742 0 742 0 3000 0 0 3000 Flour pounds 0 0 255 Flour barrels 241 14 4200 0 0 0 4200 Heading 4800 0 0 0 4800 Hoops 0 0 365 0 365 Iron tons bushels 51 0 0 0 51 Peas 6 0 6 Pitch barrels 0 0 3772 1000 8380 0 13152 Plank feet 0 0 10 0 10 Planks tubs 0 0 l 0 1 Pork 1 0 0 0 1 Pork casks case 0 0 1 0 1 Pork s 361 25 0 14 400 Pork barrels 0 0 2902 0 2902 Rum gallons 55 0 0 0 55 Shingles M 106010 0 0 0 106010 Shingles 7100 0 274460 8840 290400 Staves 0 0 1406 0 1406 Tar barrels 0 12826 0 12842 Tobacco hhds 16 0 0 3300 159 3459 Wax pounds 0 0 7375 7375 Wheat bushe 0 ls 0 2 0 12 Wine pipes 10 1060 TABLE 410 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1752 Good Uni t WI NA GB SED TOTA[ Beef barrels 9 0 0 0 9 Biscui ts pounds 0 11 0 0 11 Bread barrels 106 0 0 0 106 Bread hhds 35 0 0 0 35 Bread pounds 0 18 0 0 18 Corn bushels 2598 688 0 576 3862 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flour pounds 0 11 0 0 I 1 Flour barrels 169 10 0 0 179 Heading 1 I 0 0 0 1 I Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Iron to ns 0 0 1842 0 1842 Peas bushels 4 0 0 0 4 Pitch barrels 0 0 4 0 4 Plank fee t 8 2 17 0 27 Planks 0 0 0 0 0 Pork tubs 0 0 I 0 1 Pork casks 2 0 0 0 2 Pork cases 0 0 0 0 0 Pork barrels 783 54 0 30 867 Rum ga llons 0 0 280 0 280 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 18 0 70 1 23 742 Tar barrels 0 0 425 0 425 Tobacco hhds 98 0 78476 0 78574 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 968 968 Wine pipes 180 0 36 0 2 16 TOTAL 402 1 794 8 1782 1597 88 194 1061 TABLE 411 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1754 Good Umt Wi NA GB SEO UNK TOTAL Beans bushels 20 0 0 0 0 20 Bread barrels 42 18 0 0 0 60 Corn bushels 39285 .5 8951 0 5523 2116 55875.5 Cotton bags 0 0 4 0 0 4 Cotton pounds 0 0 180 0 0 180 wool Deer Skins 0 0 298 0 0 298 Flour barrels 39 8 0 0 0 47 Handspikes 0 0 360 0 0 360 Heading 0 0 330 0 0 330 Hoops 0 0 480 0 0 480 Iron tons 0 0 274.5 0 0 274.5 Peas bushels 304 0 0 0 0 304 Plank feet 2450 0 1782 0 600 4832 Pork barrels 83 30 0 0 0 113 Rum gallons 0 170 1871 0 0 2041 Shingles 198700 14000 0 0 0 212700 Staves 38460 0 322080 0 0 360540 Sugar hhds 0 0 2 0 0 2 Tar barrels 29 0 1670 0 0 1699 Tar and barrels 0 0 200 0 0 200 turpentine Tobacco hhds 1 ] 15996 0 0 15998 Turpentine barrels 0 0 121 0 0 121 Wax barrels 0 0 0 2 0 2 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 1614 0 1614 Wine qtr casks 0 0 2 0 0 2 Wine pipes 4 0 23 0 0 27 Wine hhds 0 0 1 0 0 1062 TABLE 412 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1754 nit WI NA B SEU UNK TOTAL Gooa bushels 1 0 0 0 0 1 Beans barrels 48 21 0 0 0 69 Bread bushels 2730 622 0 384 147 3883 Corn bags 0 0 23 0 0 23 Cotton 8 0 0 8 Cotton pounds 0 0 wool 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 29 6 0 0 0 35 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 1251 0 0 1251 Iron tons 21 0 0 0 0 21 Peas bushels feet 6 0 4 0 1 11 Plank 151 55 0 0 0 206 Pork barrels 179 0 0 195 Rum gallons 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 112 0 941 0 0 1053 Staves 0 37 0 0 37 Sugar W1ds 0 9 0 529 0 0 538 Tar barrels 170 0 0 170 Tar and barrels 0 0 turpentine 6 6 89994 0 0 90006 Tobacco hhds 0 64 0 0 64 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 214 0 214 Wheat bushels 0 0 9 0 0 9 Wine qtr casks 69 0 396 0 0 465 Wine pipes 0 9 0 0 9 Wine hhds 0 3182 726 93615 598 148 98269 TOTAL 1063 TABLE 413 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1755 Umt WI l'JA B SEU TOTAL Good 73 Beef barrel 73 0 0 0s 60 B barrels 40 0 0 100 read 2170 33697 Corn bushels 27509 4018 0 0 11316 0 11316 Deer Skin 0s 0 135 Flour b 0 a rrels 70 65 Handspik 0 0 354 0 354 es 0 0 1080 0 1080 Hoops 0 16 0 0 16 Indigo casks 0 100 0 0 100 Peas bushels 429 0 429 Pig iron to 0 n s 0 0 0 62 0 62 Pitch barrels 500 0 3863 0 4363 Plank feet 0 0 113 Pork barrels 113 0 0 47 0 0 47 Rice casks 2247 0 5096 Rum gallons 0 2849 122300 2000 0 0 124300 Shingles 7600 8000 311506 2000 329106 Staves 0 2207 0 2254 Tar barr 47 els 0 0 13930 0 13930 Tobacco hhds 118 629 0 757 Turpentine ba 1rr 0e ls 0 0 0 2 2 Wax casks 0 0 796 796 Wheat bushels 0 casks 0 0 1 0 1 Wine 0 0 4 0 4 Wine hhds 0 0 17 0 17 Wine pipes 1064 TABLE 414 V ALOE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1755 Umt WI N'A cm SEU TOTAL Good 1 Beef bar 0 re 3l 0s 103 0 0 barrels 68 45 0 0 113 Bread 1760 257 0 139 2156 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin 0s 51 47 0 0 98 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Hands pikes 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 Peas bushels ton 0s 0 1876 0 1876 Pig iron 0 0 27 0 27 Pitch barrels 1 0 8 0 9 Plank feet barrels 221 0 0 0 221 Pork casks 0 0 0 0 0 Rice 189 0 429 Rum gallons 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 21 22 843 5 891 Staves 16 0 754 0 770 Tar barrels 0 67516 0 67516 Tobacco hhds 0 52 280 0 336 Turpentin 4e barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax casks 0 106 106 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 Wine casks 0 0 35 0 35 Wine hhds 0 298 0 298 Wine pipes 0 2245 669 71830 250 74994 TOTAL 1065 TABLE 415 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1756 NA GB SEU TOTAL Good Unit WI tons 0 0 20 0 20 Bar iron 20 0 0 54 74 Beef barrels barrels 0 58 0 0 58 Bread tierces 98 0 0 0 98 Bread bushels 51530.5 3150 0 600 55280.5 Corn 0 1 0 1 Deer Skins casks ? 0 0 2 0 2 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 262 Flour ba 0 r rels 132 130 0 0 132 0 132 Handspikes 0 0 160 0 160 Heading 3400 0 240 0 3640 Hoops 0 0 12 0 12 Indigo barrels 0 0 34 0 34 Indigo casks 5 0 5 Indigo boxes 0 0 0 0 577 0 577 Iron tons bushels 443 50 0 400 893 Peas 0 0 75 0 75 Pig iron tons 1262 0 600 0 1862 Plank feet 340 0 23 0 363 Planks 96 0 0 10 106 Pork barrels gallons 0 0 1712.5 0 1712.5 Rum 190880 0 0 0 190880 Shingles 0 0 1 0 1 Skins hhds 33600 0 261650 5890 301140 Staves 0 7 0 7 Sugar hhds 0 0 0 3 0 3 Sugar tierces 40 0 0 0 40 Tar barrels 0 9900 0 9900 Tobacco hhds 0 barrels 0 0 7 0 7 Wax 0 0 1 0 1 Wax casks 0 323 0 7100 7423 Wheat bushels 0 0 2 0 2 Wine qtr casks 0 0 2 0 2 Wine hhds 0 0 9 0 9 Wine pipes 1066 TABLE 416 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1756 Umt WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Good tons 0 0 264 0 264 Bar iron Beef barrels 28 0 0 77 105 Bread barrels 0 64 0 0 64 tierces 143 0 0 0 143 Bread bushels 3733 228 0 43 4004 Corn 0 0 0 De 0e r Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds barrel 87 86 0 0 173 Flour s 0 0 0 0 Handspike 0s 0 0 0 0 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 Indigo b 0 a rrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo 0 0 2534 0 2534 Iron tons 0 29 65 Peas bushels 32 4 0 0 329 0 329 Pig iron tons 2 0 1 0 3 Plank feet 6 0 0 0 6 Planks 0 18 189 Pork barrels 171 0 gallons 0 0 135 0 135 Rum 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 69 0 537 12 618 Staves 0 0 125 0 125 Sugar hhds 0 42 0 42 Sugar tierces 0 0 0 0 13 Tar b arrels 13 0 0 50333 0 50333 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Wax barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Wax casks 0 41 0 893 934 Wheat bushels 0 9 0 9 Wine q tr casks 0 0 0 19 0 19 Wine hhds 0 171 0 171 Wine pipes 0 1067 nit WI NA GB SEU TOTA[ Good U TOTAL 4284 423 54 499 1072 60278 1068 TABLE 417 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1758 Good 0111t WI NA GB TOTAL Bar iron tons 0 0 25 25 Bar iron bars 0 0 770 770 Beans bushels so 230 0 280 1 B 0 4e e f barrels 14 0 Biscuits 0 M 13 0 13 B barrels 53 0 0r 53 ead M 5 0 0 5 Bread bushels 17654 4600 6583 28837 Corn Cotton pounds 0 200 0 200 0 2 2 Cotton bags 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 3 3 Flour barrels 116 0 0 116 0 0 520 520 Handspikes 0 0 360 360 Hoops 0 13 13 Indigo boxes 0 barrels 0 0 111 111 Indigo kegs 0 0 7 7 Indigo 0 152 152 Indi 0g o casks 0 0 1152 1152 Iron tons Peas bushels 0 500 0 500 barrels 0 0 125 125 Pitch Plank feet 0 300 10057 10357 M feet 0 0 2 2 Plank 0 0 681 681 Planks 184 16 0 200 Pork barrels gallons 0 105 831 936 Rum 26900 4000 28000 58900 Shingles casks 0 0 12 12 Skins 600 2000 432900 435500 Staves 0 0 7 7 Sugar casks 0 0 2389 2389 Tar barrels hhds 7 0 11980 11987 Tobacco T 26u rp 2e 6n tine ba 0r rels 0 kegs 0 0 1 1 Wax 0 16 0 16 Wheat bushels 1069 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTA[ Wine pipes 0 0 9 9 1070 TABLE 418 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1758 Good Omt WI NA GB TOTAL 362 B tons 0 0 362 ar iron bars 0 0 0 0 Bar iron Beans bushels 3 14 0 17 0 0 21 Beef barrels 21 Biscuits M 51 0 0 51 Bread barrels 65 0 0 65 M 31 0 0 31 Bread bushels 1077 281 402 1760 Corn Cotton pounds 0 9 0 9 0 0 11 1 1 Cot ton bags 0 0 Deer S 0k ins hhds 0 Flour barrels 80 0 0 80 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Indigo boxes Indigo barrels 0 0 0 0 Indigo kegs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 5557 5557 Iron tons Peas bushels 0 31 0 31 Pitch barrels 0 0 59 59 Plank feet 0 1 28 29 M feet 0 0 6 6 Plank 0 0 19 19 Planks Pork barrels 344 30 0 374 Rum gallons 0 12 97 109 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 2 7 1525 1534 Staves 32 3 Sugar cas 0 0 2 ks barrels 0 0 732 732 Tar 46 0 79067 791h 1h 3 Tobacco ds 0 13 13 Turpentine barr 0e ls kegs 0 0 0 0 Wax Wheat bushels 0 2 0 2 1071 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Wine pipes 0 0 236 23 6 TOTAL 1720 387 88146 90253 1072 TABLE 419 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RJVER DISTRICT, 1761 Good Omt WI NA GB IRE TOTAL Beans bushels 0 17 0 0 17 Corn bushels 17649 14970 0 5516 38135 Hand 0spikes 0 0 982 982 He 9660 0 0 0 adin 9g 6 60 240 0 8234 Hoops 7994 0 0 480 0 480 Hoops 0 (hhd) casks 0 0 43 0 43 Indigo Indigo boxes 0 0 6 0 6 tons 0 0 501 0 501 Iron 20 0 0 20 Oats bushels 0 Peas bushe 0l 526 337 0 s 863 Peas/beans bushels 0 65 0 0 65 Pig iron tons 0 0 25 0 25 1000 0 21184 0 22184 Plank feet 0 103 0 103 Planks 0 Po 0 4350 0 0 rk 4350 barrels Rum 1159 0 1g 1a 5l 9lons 0 0 Shingles 160000 10000 0 6000 176000 0 0 S 6p irits 6ba rrels 0 turpentine 23732 0 324900 5000 353632 Staves 427 0 6 T 84a r, pitch, barrels 0 257 and turpentine 3 11 11390 0 11404 Tobacco hhds 0 22 0 0 Whe 2a 2t bushels Wine qtr casks 0 2 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 2 Wine pipes 1073 TABLE 420 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1761 G Omt WI NA GB IRE To Ood T AL I 0 0 1B eans bushels 0 Corn bushels 1236 1049 0 386 2671 Handsp 0 0 0 0i k es 0 0 0 H 48 eading 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops (hhd) Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 0 boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo tons 0 0 3290 0 3290 Iron bushels 0 I 0 0 I Oats bushels 37 24 0 0 61 Peas Peas/beans bushels 0 5 0 0 5 0 164 0 164 Pig iron tons 0 Pl feet 4 0 84 0 88 ank 0 4 0 4 Plank 0s 0 9309 0 0 9309 Pork barrels gallons 0 0 132 0 132 Rum 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Spirits turpentine 117 0 1605 25 1747 Staves 98 0 260 Tar, pitc 1h 6, 2 b arrels 0 and turpentine 21 78 80399 0 80498 Tobacco hhds bushels 0 3 0 0 3 Wheat qtr casks 0 14 7 0 21 Wine 57 0 Wine pipes 5 0 0 7 1463 10646 85840 411 98360 TOTAL 1074 TABLE 421 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1762 Good Unit wr NA GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 90 0 90 Bread barrels 100 0 0 100 Corn bushels 14379 33594 952 48925 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 4 4 Flour barrels 100 12 0 112 Handspikes 0 0 760 760 Heading 3500 500 750 4750 Hoops 4346 0 960 5306 Indigo casks 0 0 17 17 Iron tons 0 0 266 266 Lumber pieces 16000 0 0 16000 Oats bushels 0 100 0 100 Peas bushels 240 948 0 11 88 Peas/beans bushels 0 10 0 10 Plank feet 500 0 1800 2300 Planks 0 0 35 35 Pork casks 1 0 0 1 Pork pounds 0 5400 0 5400 Pork barrels 396 135 0 531 Rum ga llons 0 470 1300 1770 Shingles 39000 0 0 39000 Staves 14380 500 3 12800 327680 Tobacco hhds 0 3 I 1504 11507 Turpentine barrels 0 so 0 so Wheat bushels 0 26 15 2119 4734 Wine qtr casks 0 0 1 I Wine pipes 0 0 2 2 ==- 1075 TABLE 422 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1762 Good Umt Wi NA GB TOTAL 0 9 Beans bushels 0 9 Bread barrels 146 0 0 146 3316 94 4829 Corn bushels 1419 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 85 10 0 95 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 Heading 18 3 4 25 0 0 0 Hoops 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 Iro tons 0 0 1729 1729 n Lumber pieces 646 0 0 646 Oats bushels 0 10 0 10 Peas bushels 24 94 0 118 0 P l eas/beans bush 1e ls 0 0 7 9 P 2la nk feet 0 0 1 1 Pla nks Pork casks 2 0 0 2 Pork pounds 0 66 0 66 barrels 962 328 0 1290 Pork Rum gallons 0 53 145 198 0 0 0 0 Shingles 73 3 1578 1654 Staves hhd 7s 0 21 8779 78870 Tobacco 19 0 19 Turpentine barrels 0 0 420 340 760 Wheat bushels Wine qtr casks 0 0 7 7 58 58 Wine pipes 0 0 3377 4353 82742 90472 TOTAL 1076 TABLE 423 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YO RK RI VER DISTRICT, 1764 Good Uni t WI NA GB SEO UNR TOTAL Bar iro n tons 0 0 2 0 0 2 Beans bushels 0 38 0 0 0 38 Bread barrels 156 0 0 0 0 156 Bread casks 4 0 0 0 0 4 Bread tierces 12 0 0 0 0 12 Bread pounds 3000 0 0 0 0 3000 Bread and barrels 0 0 0 31 0 31 flour Corn bushels 22245 11 228 0 6770 250 40493 Flaxseed hhds 0 12 0 0 0 12 Flour barrels 80 0 0 0 0 80 Handspi kes 0 0 110 0 0 11 0 Head ing 4700 0 2 183 0 0 6883 Head ing 5000 0 0 0 0 5000 (hhd) Hoops 10278 0 600 200 0 11 078 Indigo casks 0 0 6 0 0 6 Iron tons 0 0 310 0 0 310 Oats bushels 0 1200 0 0 0 1200 Peas bushels 427 284 0 5 1 0 762 Plank fee t 1200 0 7020 1246 1 0 2068 1 Pork barrels 0 69 0 0 0 69 Rum ga llons 0 150 1030 0 0 11 80 Shingles 137600 0 0 2000 0 139600 Shi ngles M 22 0 0 0 0 22 Staves 11 820 4350 279240 I 1800 10000 3 17210 Tobacco hhds 5 12632 0 379 13017 Wheat bushels 0 172 0 6797 0 6969 Wine casks 0 2 0 0 0 2 Wine barrels 0 0 0 0 W ine hhds 0 0 I 0 0 1 Wine pipes 0 0 2 0 0 2 1077 TABLE 424 VALU E OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIV ER DISTRI CT, 1764 Good '0111t WI NA GB SE'O UJ\JR TOTA[ Bar iron tons 0 0 30 0 0 30 Beans bushels 0 3 0 0 0 3 Bread barrels 192 0 0 0 0 192 Bread casks 5 0 0 0 0 5 Bread tierces 20 0 0 0 0 20 Bread pounds 18 0 0 0 0 18 Bread and barrels 0 0 0 29 0 29 fl our Corn bushels 1763 890 0 537 20 32 10 Flaxseed hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 53 0 0 0 0 53 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heading 15 0 7 0 0 22 Heading 16 0 0 0 0 16 (hhd) Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ind igo casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 1524 0 0 1524 Oats bushels 0 95 0 0 0 95 Peas bushels 34 23 0 4 0 6 1 Plank fee t 3 0 18 3 I 0 52 Pork barrels 0 196 0 0 0 196 Rum ga ll ons 0 14 97 0 0 111 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 37 14 872 37 3 I 99 1 Tobacco hhds 29 6 72927 0 2 188 75 150 Wheat bushels 0 23 0 904 0 927 Wine casks 0 15 0 0 0 15 Wine barrels 0 0 7 0 0 7 Wine hhds 0 0 15 0 0 15 Wine pipes 0 0 58 0 0 58 TOTAL 2185 1279 755S5 1542 2239 82800 1078 TABLE 425 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1765 Good Onit wr NA GB :SEO TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 28 0 0 28 Beef barrels 0 7 0 0 7 Bread tierces IO 0 0 0 10 Bread pounds 0 4580 0 0 4580 Bread casks 58 0 0 0 58 Cheese pounds 0 200 0 0 200 Chocolate pounds 0 100 0 0 100 Corn bushels 34426 24179 0 5620 64225 Cotton bags 0 0 2 0 2 Cotton pounds 0 40 0 0 40 wool Deer Skins 0 0 21 0 21 Flaxseed casks 0 10 0 0 10 Flour barrels 50 0 0 0 50 Handspikes 0 0 1116 0 1116 Heading M 2 0 0 0 2 Heading 6500 0 0 0 6500 Hoops M l .S 0 0 0 1.S Hoops 36S4 0 240 0 3894 Indigo chests 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 12 0 12 Iron tons 1 90 S60 0 6S1 Lumber M pieces 30 0 0 0 30 Oats bushels 0 1534 0 0 1S34 Peas bushels 22S3 2S2 0 0 2S0S Plank M feet 1 0 3 0 4 Plank feet S00 0 9S88 0 10088 Planks M 0 0 2 0 2 Planks 0 0 126 0 126 Pork barrels 63 13 0 0 76 Pork pounds 0 200 0 0 200 Rum gallons 0 1730 800 0 2S30 Salt bushels 0 47S 0 0 47S Shingles M 196 .S 3 0 0 199 .S Shingles 28100 0 0 0 28100 1079 Good Onit WI NA GB SEO TOTA[ Skins hhds 0 0 4 0 4 Staves M 2 0 0 0 2 Staves 9048 618 290402 0 300068 Staves 1300 0 0 0 1300 (hhds) Tar barrels 3 0 0 0 3 Tobacco hhds IO 2 12817 0 12829 Walnut feet 0 0 90 0 90 logs Walnut 0 0 64 0 64 logs Wheat bushels 0 716 0 0 716 Wine qtr casks 0 0 5 0 5 Wine hhds 0 0 8 0 8 Wine pipes 0 0 29 0 29 1080 TABLE 426 VALUEOFEXPORTSFROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1765 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Beans bushels 0 2 0 0 2 Beef barrels 0 12 0 0 12 Bread tierces 17 0 0 0 17 Bread pounds 0 30 0 0 30 Bread casks 76 0 0 0 76 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 3050 2142 0 498 5690 Cotton bags 0 0 13 0 13 Cotton pounds 0 2 0 0 2 wool Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed casks 0 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 35 0 0 0 35 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Heading M 8 0 0 0 8 Heading 26 0 0 0 26 Hoops M 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo chests 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 3368 Iron tons 5 466 2897 0 Lumber M pieces 97 0 0 0 9 7 Oats bushels 0 136 0 0 136 Peas bushels 200 22 0 0 222 0 0 13 Plank M feet 3 0 1 Plank feet 2 0 31 0 33 M 0 0 6 0 6 Planks Planks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166 Pork barrels 138 28 Pork pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Rum gallons 0 154 71 0 225 Salt bushels 0 24 0 0 24 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 1081 Good Unit WI NA GB SEU TOTAL Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Staves M 8 0 0 0 8 Staves 36 2 1169 0 1207 Staves 5 0 0 0 5 (hhds) Tar barrels 1 0 0 0 1 Tobacco hhds 59 12 75907 0 75978 Walnut feet 0 0 0 0 0 logs Walnut 0 0 0 0 0 logs Wheat bushels 0 99 0 0 99 W ine qtr casks 0 0 35 0 35 Wine hhds 0 0 111 0 111 Wine pipes 0 0 807 0 807 TOTAL 3766 3133 81057 498 88454 1082 TABLE 427 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1768 mt WI NA SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 10 0 10 Bar iron tons bushels 0 314 0 0 314 Beans barrels 30 0 0 65 95 Bread kegs 0 0 0 80 80 Bread 6827 18383 70800 Corn bushels 35685 9905 0 0 58.5 0 58 .5 Cotton bags 0 4 0 4 Deer Skins hhd 0s 0 18 0 8 26 Flour barrels 0 0 222 0 222 Handspikes 2200 0 0 0 2200 Heading 0 0 14 0 14 Hemp tons 0 4280 10297 0 14577 Hemp pounds 0 15 0 15 Hemp cwt 0 0 2000 0 0 2000 Hoops bundles 0 24 0 0 24 Hoops 0 0 600 0 600 Hoops and heading 0 0 339 0 339 Iron tons 0 0 29 Lumber M piec 0 e s 29 0 0 0 495 Oats bushels 495 3930.5 650 0 1498.5 6079 Peas bushels 0 0 30 0 30 Pig iron tons feet 18785 1500 1200 500 21985 Plank 0 0 65 0 65 Planks 21 52 0 0 73 Pork barrels 0 532 0 0 532 Pork pounds 670 900 0 1570 Rum gallons 0 0 6 0 0 6 Rye bushels 42600 0 10000 0 52600 Shingles 163 0 0 6 169 Shingles M 0 3000 0 0 3000 Ship bread pounds 25360 2400 195440 3100 226300 Staves 0 0 12 0 12 Sugar barrels 0 0 13 0 13 Sugar tierces 0 10 0 10 Sugar hhds 0 1083 it WI NA GB SEO TOT A[ Gooa Un 0 0 4 Tar barrels 0 4 6854 0 6860 Tobacco hhds 6 0 71 Turpentine barrels 0 71 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 Wax hhds shels 0 1336 792 40 2168 Wheat bu Wine qtr casks 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 0 9 Wine hhds 0 12 0 12 Wine pipes 0 1084 TABLE 428 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1768 WI GB SEU TOTAL Good Umt 0 0 142 0 142 Bar iron tons 0 0 24 Beans bushels 0 24 barrels 42 0 0 92 134 Bread 0 0 0 57 57 Bread kegs 2752 764 527 1418 5461 Corn bushels 0 360 0 360 Cotton bags 0 Deer 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 16 0 7 23 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 7 0 0 0 7 Heading 0 0 357 0 357 Hemp tons 49 117 0 166 Hemp pounds 0 0 0 19 0 19 Hemp cwt 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Hoops bun 0 d les 0 0 0 2 0 2 Hoops and heading 0 0 1668 0 1668 Iron tons 0 0 0 750 Lumber M pieces 750 bushels 38 0 0 0 38 Oats 303 50 0 116 469 Peas bushels 0 0 148 0 148 Pig iron tons 49 4 3 1 57 Plank feet 0 0 2 0 2 Planks 46 115 0 0 161 Pork barrels pounds 0 6 0 0 6 Pork 0 67 90 0 157 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 0 Rye bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 13 0 0 13 Ship bread pounds 82 8 632 10 732 Staves 0 50 0 50 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 179 0 179 Sugar tierces 0 180 0 180 Sugar hhds 0 1085 Good Unit WJ NA GB SEU TOTA[ Tar barrels 0 1 0 0 I Tobacco hhds 43 0 49255 0 49298 Turpentine barrels 0 34 0 0 34 Wax hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 253 150 8 411 Wine qtr casks 0 0 7 0 7 Wine hhds 0 0 129 0 129 Wine pipes 0 0 344 0 344 TOTAL 4112 1404 54361 1709 61586 1086 TABLE 429 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1769 B SEU TOTAL Good Umt WI NA 0 0 53 O 53 Bar iron tons 0 0 158 Beans bushels 63 95 0 260 0 0 260 Cheese pounds 0 0 6 0 6 Corn bags 41736.5 48927 0 7184.5 97848 Corn bushels 0 0 20 Cotton pounds 0 20 0 50 0 0 so Cotton pounds wool 72 166 100 947 Flour barrels 609 0 75 0 75 Hemp bundles 0 0 2 0 2 Hemp quarters 0 3989 19 0 4008 Hemp pounds 0 0 0 78 0 78 Hemp cwt 0 0 600 0 600 Hoops and heading 0 0 39 0 39 Iron tons 500 0 0 500 Molas 0se s gallons 0 1 0 0 1 Molasses hhds 59 0 0 3101 Oats bushels 3042 1167 238 0 292 1697 Peas bushels 0 0 74 0 74 Pig iron tons 700 800 0 3200 Plank feet 1700 30 7 0 0 37 Pork barrels 0 1 0 0 1 Pork hhds 710 0 0 710 Pork pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Potatoes barrels 0 2 0 0 2 Rice barrels 0 0 1 0 0 1 Rum casks 1 1 0 2 Rum hhds 0 0 4 1 0 s Rum barrels 0 0 200 0 200 Rum gallons 32 0 0 32 Rye bushels 0 M 28 0 0 0 28 Shingles 28900 0 0 0 28900 Shingles 0 0 4 0 4 Skins barrels 1087 nit WI NA GB SEO TOT Ar Good U 0 0 6 0 6 Skins cases 0 0 6 0 6 Skins hhds 0 0 4 0 4 Skins 0 3 0 0 3 Spirits gallons 134000 4800 71526 0 210326 Staves pounds 0 16 0 0 0 160 Sugar 0 0 0 6 Tar barrels 6 pounds 0 1 12 0 0 112 Tea 11 0 3815 0 3826 Tobacco hhds 0 13 0 0 13 Walnut logs 0 1854.5 2785 5146.5 9786 Wheat bushels r casks 0 0 8 0 8 Wine gt 0 0 12 0 12 Wine pipes 1088 TABLE 430 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1769 Umt WI NA B SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 785 0 785 Bar iron tons 0 14 Beans bushels 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds bags 0 0 0 0 0 Corn 638 8693 Corn bushels 3708 4347 0 0 9 0 0 9 Cotton pounds 0 23 0 0 23 Cotton pounds wool 141 85 806 Flour barrels 519 61 bundles 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp 1 0 1 Hemp quarters 0 0 0 0 52 Hemp pounds 0 52 0 0 114 0 114 Hemp cwt 0 0 2 0 2 Hoops and heading 0 0 196 0 196 Iron tons gallons 0 28 0 0 28 Molasses 6 0 0 6 Molasses hhds 0 270 5 0 0 275 Oats bushels bushel 104 2s 1 0 26 151 Peas 0 372 0 372 Pig iron tons 0 4 2 2 0 8 Plank feet barrels 76 18 0 0 94 Pork 5 0 0 5 Pork hhds 0 0 9 0 0 9 Pork pounds 0 0 0 0 Potatoes barrels 0 barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Rice 0 6 0 0 6 Rum casks hhds 0 11 11 0 22 Rum barrels 0 12 3 0 15 Rum 0 0 21 0 2 1 Rum gallons 3 0 0 3 Rye bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles M 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins barrels 0 1089 Dnit WI NA GB SEU TOT AL Good ases 0 0 0 0 c 0 Skins kins h.hds 0 0 0 0 0 S 0 0 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Spirits gallons 0 427 15 228 0 670 Staves Sugar pounds 0 2 0 0 2 barrels 2 0 0 0 2 Tar 13 0 0 13 Tea pounds 0 hhds 96 0 3314 9 0 33245 Tobacco 0 0 0 0 0 Walnut logs ls 0 323 484 895 he 17 02 Wheat bus qtr casks 0 0 6 1 0 61 Wine 0 366 Wine pipes 0 0 366 5212 4979 35936 1644 47771 TOTAL 1090 TABLE 431 QUANTITY OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1771 Umt WI ~A GB SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 28 0 28 Bar iron tons 0 82 Bread barrels 58 24 0 0 1 0 0 1 Chocolate cwt bushels 22765 35983 0 6770 65518 Corn 0 0 2 0 2 Flax hhds 0 0 2 0 2 Flax cases barrels 473 678 0 0 1151 Flour 10 0 10 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 1230 0 1230 Handspikes 72478 6522 229p 5i 99 10700 319299 Lumber eces 0 90 0 0 90 Molasses gallons 2 0 0 0 2 Negroes bushels 0 10 0 0 10 Peas 0 0 10 Peas hhd 0 s 10 153 0 0 1168 Peas/beans bushels 1015 tons 0 0 287 0 287 Pig iron 2800 0 4300 Plank feet 0 1500 pounds 0 100 0 0 100 Pork barrels 28 0 0 0 28 Pork tie 0 0 1 0 1 Rum rces 0 4000 0 0 4000 Rum gallons 0 10 0 0 10 Rum barrels 0 1 4 0 5 Rum hhds 18 0 0 18 Rye bushels 0 0 175 0 0 175 Salt bushels 0 38 0 0 38 Salt hhds 0 35 0 35 Skins hhds 0 0 0 7000 0 7000 Staves 1 0 0 1 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 10208 0 10208 Tobacco hhds pounds 10625 3121 0 0 13746 Tobacco 0 1058 0 0 1058 Wheat bushels 1091 TABLE 432 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1771 Omt WI f:JA 13 SEU TOTAL Gooa 0 0 407 0 407 Bar iron tons 0 127 Bread barrels 90 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate cwt bushels 2404 3800 0 715 6919 Corn 0 0 0 Flax hhds 0 0 cases 0 0 0 0 0 Flax barrels 446 639 0 0 1085 Flour 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 2369 213 7505 350 10437 Lumber pieces 0 5 0 0 5 Molasses gallons 77 0 0 0 77 Negroes 0 1 0 0 1 Peas bushels 7 0 0 0 7 Peas hhds 16 0 0 123 Peas/beans bushels 107 0 0 1386 0 1386 Pig iron tons 0 5 9 0 14 Plank feet 1 0 0 1 Pork pounds 0 68 0 0 0 68 Pork barrels tierces 0 0 6 0 6 Rum gallons 0 404 0 0 404 Rum 0 29 0 0 29 Rum barrels 0 1 I 42 0 53 Rum hhds bushels 0 2 0 0 2 Rye 0 0 8 Salt bushels 0 8 13 0 0 13 Salt hhds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 29 0 29 Staves 0 0 5 Sugar barrel 5 s 0 0 0 107824 0 107824 Tobacco hhds 104 31 0 0 135 Tobacco pounds 0 216 0 0 216 Wheat bushels 5672 5436 117208 1065 129381 TOTAL 1092 TABLE 433 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1725 Good Unit WI ~A GB IRE AFR SEO TOTAL Bread barrels 0 91 0 0 0 0 91 Linen yards 0 0 1570 0 0 0 1570 Molasses tierces 34 3 0 0 0 0 37 Molasses hhds 83 0 0 0 0 0 83 Molasses barrels 35 0 0 0 0 0 35 Negroes 71 0 0 0 609 0 680 Pitch barrels 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 Rum tierces 187 13 0 0 0 0 200 Rum barrels 192 27 0 0 0 0 219 Rum hhds 186 24 0 0 0 0 210 Salt bushels 200 2450 0 0 0 0 2650 Servants 0 0 0 115 0 0 115 Sugar barrels 228 1 0 0 0 0 229 Sugar hhds 69 0 0 0 0 0 69 Sugar tierces 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 Tar barrels 0 50 0 0 0 0 50 Wine pipes 7 .25 69 0 0 0 190 266.25 1093 TABLE 434 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1725 Omt WI NA GB IRE AFR SEU TOG To Aod L barrels 0 75 0 0 0 0 75B read ?o Linen yards 0 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses tierces 109 10 0 0 0 0 119 Molasses hhds 439 0 0 0 0 0 439 barrels 53 0 0 0 0 0 53 Molasses 1698 0 0 0 14567 0 16265 Negroes barrels 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Pitch Rum tierces 1147 80 0 0 0 0 1227 barrels 569 80 0 0 0 0 649 Rum 1997 258 0 0 0 0 2255 Rum hhds 19 235 0 0 0 0 254 Salt bushels 0 0 0 1000 0 0 1000 Servants barrels 958 4 0 0 0 0 962 Sugar hh 965 0 0d 0 s 0 0 965 Sugar 69 0 0 0 0 0 69 Sugar tierces barrels 0 25 0 0 0 0 25 Tar 107 1015 0 0 0 2795 3917 Wine pipes 8130 1785 0 1000 14567 2795 28277 TOTAL 1094 TABLE 435 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1726 f:iA AFR SEU UNK TOTAL Good ntt WI barrels 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 Beef 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cotton cwt 1 M tierces 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 olasses 64 0 0 0 0 5 69 Molasses casks 3 0 0 0 0 9 Molass 6es hhds 69 0 0 1546 0 3 1618 Negroes 0 220 0 0 0 0 220 Pitch barrels barrels 0 45 0 0 0 0 45 Pork 64 4 0 0 0 0 68 Rum tierces 102 1 0 1 0 0 104 Rum barrels 3747 106 0 0 0 3200 7053 Rum gallons 103 9 0 1 0 0 113 Rum hhds 0 6150 2000 0 0 800 8950 Salt bushels 26 60 0 0 0 25 111 Sugar casks 158 3 0 0 0 0 161 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 0 0 2 Sugar tierces 2 0 0 0 0 216 Tar barrels 0 216 0 81 0 0 0 0 81 Turpentine barrels 0 2 4 0 32 0 38 Wine pipes 1095 TABLE 436 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1726 SEU UNK TOTAL Good mt Wi fJA 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 Beef barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton cwt 21 0 0 0 0 0 21 Molasses tierces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses casks 15 0 0 0 0 45 Molasses hhds 30 1650 0 0 36980 0 72 38702 Negroes 0 146 0 0 0 0 146 Pitch barrels 76 0 0 0 0 76 Pork barrels 0 42 26 0 0 0 0 450 tierces 4 Rum 3 0 3 0 0 333 327 Rum barrels 0 353 779 gallons 414 12 0 0 Rum 104 0 12 0 0 1310 hhds 1194 Rum 0 394 128 0 0 51 573 Salt bushels 264 0 0 0 110 488 114 Sugar casks 13 0 0 0 0 709 Sugar barrels 696 0 0 0 0 0 24 Sugar tierces 24 1 IO 0 0 0 0 110 0 Tar barrels 0 0 85 Turpe 0 85 0 0 ntine barrels 28 57 0 454 0 539 pipes 0 Wine 36 454 586 44395 4894 1281 185 995 TOTAL 1096 TABLE 437 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1730 Wi 'N'A AFR SEU TOTAL Good mt barrels 0 14 0 0 0 14 Beef 0 0 0 68 Beeswax pounds 14 54 2 0 1 0 0 3 Cotton bags 1 0 0 0 0 1 Cotton bags wool 39 0 0 0 78 Deer Skin pounds 39 0 80 0 0 0 80 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 3 Ginger bags 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 Indigo casks 132 12.5 0 0 0 144.5 Molasses hhds 47 23 0 0 0 70 Molasses tierces 6 0 9 266 0 281 Negroes 0 0 0 0 5 Pimento bags 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 Pimento casks 17 0 0 0 17 Pitch barrels 0 0 2900 0 0 0 2900 Rice pounds gallons 5562 0 0 0 0 5562 Rum 64 56 .5 6 0 0 126.5 Rum barrels 161 12 22 0 0 195 Rum hhds 80 13 11 0 0 104 Rum tierces 0 4620 0 0 0 4620 Salt bushels 0 0 0 350 Sugar pounds 0 350 23 0 0 0 0 23 Sugar hhds barrels 128 7 19 0 0 154 Sugar 0 0 0 0 49 Sugar tierces 49 barrels 0 3 0 0 0 3 Tar Turpentine 0 251 0 0 0 251 barrels 0 31.75 0 71.75 107.5 Wine pipes 4 1097 TABLE 438 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1730 WI N'A B AFR SEU TOTAL Good mt barrels 0 14 0 0 0 14 Beef 0 0 0 0 Beeswax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags wool 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin pounds 0 0 54 0 0 0 54 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo 675 64 0 0 0 739 Molasses hhds 145 71 0 0 0 216 Molasses tierces 149 0 224 6626 0 6999 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento casks 8 0 0 0 8 Pitch barr els 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice pounds 0 gallons 459 0 0 0 0 459 Rum b 153 1a 3r 5 14 0 0 302 Rum rels hhds 1395 104 191 0 0 1690 Rum tierces 396 64 54 0 0 514 Rum 0 0 0 470 Salt bushels 0 470 3 0 0 0 3 Sugar pounds 0 hhds 283 0 0 0 0 283 Sugar 473 26 70 0 0 569 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 0 498 Sugar tierces 498 barrels 0 0 0 0 1 Tar 0 197 0 0 0 197 Turpentine barrels 0 428 0 967 1449 Wine pipes 54 4680 1211 981 6626 967 14465 TOTAL 1098 TABLE 439 O QUANTITY OF GOODS I MPORTED INT 1732 YORK RIVER DISTRICT, WI NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Gooa Unit barrels 0 12 0 0 12 Bread 1000 0 0 1000 Cheese pounds 0 2 0 0 0 2 Cotton bags 0 0 0 1 Cotton bags I wool 3 0 0 0 3 Ginger bags 22 0 26 107 Molasses hhds 59 44 0 963 0 1007 Negroes tierces 189 5 0 0 194 Rum 2799 0 0 0 2799 Rum gallons barrels 189 3 0 0 192 Rum 11 I 39 4 0 154 Rum hl1ds bushels 699 6687 .5 0 0 7386.5 Salt 0 0 134 Sugar barrels 124 10 3 0 0 0 3 Sugar tierces 0 1 13 Wine qtr casks 12 0 4 0 0 5 9 Wine hhds 0 86 117 Wine pipes 31 0 1099 TABLE 440 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1732 Cood 'Onit WI J\l'A AFR SEU TOTAL Bread barrels 0 8 0 0 8 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags 8 0 0 0 8 Cotton bags 4 0 0 0 4 wool Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses hhds 254 95 0 112 461 Negroes 1096 0 23988 0 25084 Rum tierces 881 23 0 0 904 Rum gallons 217 0 0 0 217 Rum barrels 426 7 0 0 433 Rum hhds 905 318 33 0 1256 Salt bushels 47 452 0 0 499 Sugar barrels 450 36 0 0 486 Sugar tierces 30 0 0 0 30 Wine qtr casks 38 0 0 3 41 Wine hhds 25 0 0 32 57 Wine pipes 395 0 0 1096 1491 TOTAL 4776 939 2402 1 1243 30979 1100 TABLE 441 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1733 WI R SEU TOTAL Good Umt 0 0 39 Bread barrels 0 39 3 0 0 0 3 Cotton bags wool 0 0 19 Flour barrels 0 19 2 0 0 0 2 Ginger bags 69 18 18 0 105 Molasses hhds tierces 18 2 0 0 20 Molasses 192 0 700 0 892 Negroes 0 15 0 0 15 Pitch barrels 0 0 800 Rice bushels 0 800 246 28 2 0 276 Rum hhds 97 10 0 0 107 Rum barrels 111 l 0 0 112 Rum tierces bushels 500 4742 .5 0 0 5242.5 Salt 0 1600 0 0 1600 Staves tierces 0 1 0 0 1 Sugar 3 5 0 0 8 Sugar hhds 39 6 0 217 Sugar barrels 172 b 2a 0 2 0 0 22 Tar rrels 14 0 84 112 Wine pipes 14 6 0 0 3 9 Wine qtr casks 2 0 0 0 2 Wine hhds 1101 TABLE 442 IMPORTED INT O VALUE OF GOO D YORK RIVER DI STRICT, 1733 NA AFR SEU TOTA[ Gooa Unit WI 27 barrels 0 27 0 0 Bread 0 0 0 10 Cotton bags 10 wool 9 0 0 9 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 76 76 0 442 90 Molasses hhds 2 46 5 0 0 51 Molasses tierces 3552 0 12 950 0 16502 Negroes 6 0 0 6 0 Pitch barrel s 0 0 shels 0 0 0 Rice bu 203 14 0 199 6 1779 Rum hhds 194 20 0 0 214 Rum barre ls 0 463 ces 459 4 0 Rum tier 0 370 ushels 3 5 335 0 Salt b 2 0 0 2 0 Staves 8 0 0 8 0 Sugar tierc es 0 51 0 0 81 Sugar hhds 3 118 18 0 658 22 Sugar barre ls 5 7 0 0 7 0 r barrels 2 0 1032 1376 Ta 17 ine pipes 172 0 0 9 27 W ine qtr cas ks 18 0 0 0 12 W 12 Wine hhd s 13058 1041 22261 7119 1043 TOTAL 1102 TABLE 443 NTO UANTITY OF GOO DS IMPORTED I Q ICT, 1735 YORK RIVER DIST R NA AFR SEU TOTAL Gooa Unit wr 0 12 0 0 12 Cheese cwt 2 0 0 0 2 Cotton bags 0 0 0 3 3 Cotton bags wool 0 0 0 4 Molasses hhds 4 191 0 0 291 100 Molasses gallons 0 1037 0 1037 0 Negroes 59 3 0 0 62 Rum tierces 1738 0 0 1738 Rum kegs 0 1514 675 0 0 2189 Rum gallon s 0 0 0 3 5 Rum barrel s 35 10 0 0 303 3 Rum hllds 29 0 610 bushels 1700 5910 0 500 12 Salt 74 0 0 0 74 Sugar barre ls 0 0 0 800 Sugar pound s 800 0 0 4 4 Wine quarte rs 0 0 0 19 19 0 Wine hhds 0.5 0 191 19 1 .5 Wine pipes 0 4 4 0 0 0 Wine qtr c asks 1103 TABLE 444 TO VALUE OF GOOD IMPORTED IN , 1735 YORK RIVER DIS TRICT NA APR SE'O TOfAr Good 'Onit WI 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese cwt 8 0 0 0 8 Cotton bags 0 0 0 12 12 Cotton bags wool 20 0 0 0 20 Molasses hhds 9 0 0 14 5 Molasses gallons 0 0 19185 0 191 85 Negroes 13 0 0 264 um tierces 251 R 1790 0 0 1790 gs 0 Rum ke 08 48 0 0 156 Rum gallon s 1 0 0 0 72 Rum barre ls 72 2185 75 0 0 2260 Rum hhds 324 0 274 691 ls 93 Salt bushe 0 0 0 238 ugar barrels 238 S 0 0 0 8 8 Sugar poun ds 0 0 13 13 0 Wine quart ers 0 0 0 123 123 Wine hhds 0 6 0 2469 2475 Wine pipes 0 0 0 13 13 Wine qtr c asks 42 3000 2265 19185 2892 273 TOTAL 1104 TABLE 445 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1736 Good Unit WI N'A AFR :SEU TOTA[ Beeswax tons 0 0 0.5 0 0 .5 Beeswax pounds 0 0 60 0 60 Cheese pounds 0 510 0 0 510 Cotton pounds 360 0 0 0 360 Molasses tierces 1 0 0 0 1 Molasses gallons 903 710 0 0 161 3 Molasses hhds 7 4 0 0 11 Negroes 3 1 1735 0 1739 Rum tierces 41 2 0 0 43 Rum barrels 44 2 0 0 46 Rum gallons 8955 1508 .5 0 0 10463.5 Rum hhds 86 6 0 0 92 Salt bushels 1500 5039 0 0 6539 Sugar cwt 49 0 0 0 49 Sugar quarters 3 0 0 0 3 Sugar barrels 77 2 0 0 79 Sugar pounds 6898 624 0 0 7522 Wine quarters 0 0 0 21 21 Wine hhds 0 0 0 14 14 Wine pipes 0 0 0 137 137 1105 TABLE 446 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1736 R SEU TOTAL Good Unit WI tons 0 0 0 0 0 Beeswax 0 0 0 0 0 Beeswax pounds pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese 0 0 12 Cotton pounds 12 0 3 0 0 0 3 Molasses tierces 3 0 0 81 Molasses gall 6 o ns 45 36 20 0 0 56 Molasses hhds 56 19 32098 0 32173 Negroes 165 8 0 0 173 Rum tierces 4 0 0 90 Rum barrels 86 601 101 0 0 702 Rum gallons 42 0 0 648 Rum hhds 606 74 247 0 0 321 Salt bushels 48 0 0 0 48 Sugar cwt 1 0 0 0 1 Sugar quarters 227 6 0 0 233 Sugar barrels 61 5 0 0 66 Sugar pounds 0 0 0 68 68 Wine quarters hhds 0 0 0 90 90 Wine 0 0 1770 1770 Wine pipes 0 2021 488 32098 1928 36535 TOTAL 1106 TABLE 447 TO QUANTITY OF GOO DS IMPORTED IN , 1737 YORK RIVER DISTR ICT NA GB AFR SEO TOTA[ Good Unit WI 71 0 0 0 0 27 1 pounds 2Cash 0 0 0 1500 Cheese pounds 0 1500 2 0 0 0 0 2 Ginger bags 500 0 0 0 1500 Iron pounds 0 1 l 0 0 0 0 1 Molasses tierces 4 2 0 0 0 6 Molasses hhds 0 0 1214 0 1214 0 Negroes 125 1 69 0 0 195 Rum tierces 0 80 0 0 173 Rum barrels 93 6 2 17 0 0 155 13 Rum hhds 0 14 0 0 0 14 Salt hhds 0 4800 bushels 3800 1000 0 0 Salt 0 51 0 0 150 Sugar barrels 99 s I 0 0 0 I 2 Wine qtr cask 10 0 0 0 12 22 Wine hhds 8 0 0 1 52 182 22 Wine pipes 1107 TABLE 448 GOODIMPORTEDIN TO VALUEOF YORK RIVER DISTRI CT, 1737 B AFR SEO T OTAL WI :N'A ood Um t G 0 0 223 0 0 223 nds 0 0 0 0 Cash pou 0 0 0 0 0 heese po unds 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger ba gs 0 0 ds 0 0 0 3 poun Iron 3 0 0 0 28 0 Molasses ti erces 19 9 22459 0 22 459 0 Molasses hh ds 0 0 0 0 786 278 Negroes 504 4 0 0 337 m t ierces 156 Ru 181 0 0 0 1094 barrels 14 120 Rum 960 0 0 0 hhds 0 Rum 0 0 0 0 0 244 hhds Salt 193 51 0 471 bushels 0 160 0 Salt 311 0 3 6 barrels 0 0 Sugar 3 0 74 1 35 qtr casks e 61 0 0 Win 0 1864 223 2 ine hh ds 270 98 0 W pipes Wine 22459 1941 28 018 714 2728 1 76 TOTAL 1108 TABLE 449 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1738 Good 'Onit WT NA IRE AFR SE'O TOTA[ Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 3 3 Corn bushels 0 150 0 0 0 150 Cotton bags 1 0 0 0 0 l Ginger barrels 2 0 0 0 0 2 Ginger bags 1 0 0 0 0 1 Iron bars 0 0 0 170 0 170 Linen pieces 0 0 40 0 0 40 Molasses hhds 61 2 0 0 0 63 Molasses tierces 1 1 0 0 0 2 Negroes 3 1 0 538 0 542 Peas bushels 0 20 0 0 0 20 Pork barrels 0 130 0 0 0 130 Rum hhds 53 5 0 0 0 58 Rum barrels 125 6 0 0 0 131 Rum tierces 78 5 0 0 0 83 Salt bushels 0 1400 0 0 4500 5900 Sugar hhds 0 0 0 0 1 Sugar barrels 111 0 0 0 0 111 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 18 18 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 22 22 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 121 121 1109 TABLE 450 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1738 Good Onit WI NA IRE AFR SEU TOTAL Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 2 2 Corn bushels 0 10 0 0 0 10 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iron bars 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linen pieces 0 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses hhds 307 10 0 0 0 317 Molasses tierces 3 3 0 0 0 6 Negroes 80 27 0 14332 0 14439 Peas bushels 0 1 0 0 0 1 Pork barrels 0 241 0 0 0 241 Rum hhds 397 37 0 0 0 434 Rum barrels 259 12 0 0 0 271 Rum tierces 334 21 0 0 0 355 Salt bushels 0 77 0 0 248 325 Sugar hhds 14 0 0 0 0 14 Sugar barrels 405 0 0 0 0 405 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 123 123 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 75 7 5 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 1659 165 9 TOTAL 1799 439 0 143 32 2107 18677 1110 TABLE 451 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1739 Good Unit WI NA GB AFR SEU TOTAL Beef barrels 0 2 0 0 0 2 Beeswax pounds 0 1000 0 0 0 1000 Cash pounds 0 50 0 0 5 55 Cash shillings 0 0 0 0 7 7 Gold (dust)ounces 0 0 0 500 0 500 Indigo pounds 0 110 0 0 0 110 Linen bales 0 0 1 0 0 l Molasses tierces 0 44 0 0 0 44 hds 4 112 0 0 0 116 Molasses h Negroes 0 l 0 578 0 579 Peas bushels 0 20 0 0 0 20 Pork barrels 0 60 0 0 0 60 0 38 Rum gallons 0 38 0 0 129 0 1 0 0 130 Rum barrels Rum hhds 199 28 2 0 0 229 ces 150 1 1 0 0 152 Rum tier 600 3500 370 0 5000 9470 Salt bushels 0 306 Sugar barrels 169 129 8 0 Tar barrels 0 146 0 0 0 146 Wine hhds 4 0 0 0 35 39 0 47 47 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 213 235 Wine pipes 22 0 0 111 1 TABLE 452 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1739 NA R SEU W TOi TAL Gooa mt 0 2 0 0 0 2 Beef barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Beeswax pounds 0 0 41 0 0 4 45 Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Cash shillings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gold (dust)ounces 1364 0 0 0 1364 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linen bales 126 0 0 0 126 0 Molasses tierces 530 0 0 0 549 19 Molasses hhds 0 27 0 15398 0 15425 Negroes 0 1 0 1 0 0 Peas bushels 97 0 0 0 97 Pork barrels 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 Rum gallons 0 0 259 barrels 257 0 2 Rum 0 0 1651 hhds 1435 202 14 Rum 2 2 0 0 313 Rum tierces 309 175 19 0 250 474 Salt bushels 30 434 27 0 0 1030 569 Sugar barrels 37 0 0 0 37 Tar barrels 0 0 0 0 223 248 Wine hhds 25 0 0 0 0 149 149 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 2709 2989 Wine pipes 280 3041 64 15398 3335 24762 2924 TOTAL 111 2 TABLE 453 ANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO QU ER DISTRICT, 1740 YORK RIV I NA IRE AFR SEO TOTA [ W Good 'Onit 2500 0 0 0 2500 Cheese pounds 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 2 Ginger bags 2 0 0 1500 0 0 1500 Linen yards 0 4 0 4 0 0 Loaf sugar cwt 0 0 0 0 1 1 Molasses tierces 7 0 0 0 11 4 Molasses hhds 80 470 0 0 6 10 0 10 Negroes 0 69 tierces 68 1 0 0 Rum 0 0 0 0 7090 7090 Rum gallons 0 0 0 0 82 Rum barrels 82 37 0 0 0 135 98 Rum hhds 5360 0 0 0 5360 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 0 86 86 Sugar cwt 116 13 0 0 0 129 Sugar barrels 0 0 4 4 0 0 Sugar tierces 5 0 0 28 33 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 162 162 0 Wine pipes 0 0 0 6 6 Wine qtr cas ks 0 111 3 TABLE 454 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1740 Good Unit WI 'NA IRE AFR SEU TOTAL Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags 19 0 0 0 0 19 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linen yards 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loaf sugar cwt 0 21 0 0 0 21 Molasses tierces 3 0 0 0 0 3 Molasses hhds 20 35 0 0 0 55 Negroes 12521 0 0 16250 0 28771 Rum tierces 312 5 0 0 0 317 Rum gallons 542 0 0 0 0 542 Rum barrels 182 0 0 0 0 182 Rum hhds 787 297 0 0 0 1084 Salt bushels 0 313 0 0 0 313 Sugar cwt 98 0 0 0 0 98 Sugar barrels 398 45 0 0 0 443 gar tierces 41 0 0 0 0 4 1 Su Wine hhds 0 30 0 0 171 201 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 1975 1975 qtr casks 0 0 0 0 18 18 Wine TOTAL 14923 746 0 16250 2164 34083 1114 TABLE 455 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1741 wr SEU TOTAL Good nit 1800 0 0 0 1800 0 Cheese pounds 530 0 0 0 0 530 Coffee pounds 0 0 120 120 0 0 Cotton pounds wool 60 0 0 0 60 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 1 0 l 0 Linen cases 0 1 0 0 0 1 Molasses tierces 114 0 0 0 434 Molasses gallons 320 8 0 0 0 8 Molasses hhds 0 27 1 0 169 0 197 Negroes 6 0 0 0 6 0 Rice barrels 17 0 0 0 17 0 Rum hhds 1384 0 0 0 25564 Rum gallons 24180 1 0 0 0 1 Rum barrels 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 Rum tierces 19926 0 2000 26445 bushels 1600 2919 Salt 0 14 0 0 14 0 Servants 0 0 0 430 420 10 Sugar cwt 0 0 0 13 quarters 13 0 Sugar 0 0 0 0 103 103 Sugar pounds 5.5 0 5.5 0 0 0 S 1u 3gar barrels 135 0 0 0 5 barrels 0 40 0 0 0 40 Tar 0 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 22 22 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Wine casks 0 0 0 24 24 0 hhdS 0 0 0 372 372 Wine 0 Wine pipes 1115 TABLE 456 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDlNTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1741 SEU TOTAL Good mt WI pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee 5 0 0 0 0 5 Cotton pounds wool 16 0 0 0 16 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linen cases 4 0 0 0 4 Molasses tierces 0 20 7 0 0 0 27 Molasses gallons 0 50 0 0 0 50 Molasses hhds 27 0 4502 0 5248 719 Negroes 0 0 barrels 0 0 0 0 Rice 150 0 0 0 150 0 Rum hhds 0 0 2151 gallons 2035 116 0 Rum 2 0 0 0 2 Rum barrels 0 10 0 0 0 10 Rum tierces 0 233 1588 0 159 2108 Salt bushels 128 0 136 0 0 136 0 Servants 12 0 0 0 535 523 Sugar cwt 4 0 0 0 0 4 Sugar quarters 0 0 1 1 0 0 Sugar pounds 21 0 0 0 21 0 Sugar barrels 0 65 0 0 0 65 Tar barrels 29 0 0 0 29 0 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 0 82 82 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 7 7 0 Wine casks 0 0 0 0 179 179 Wine hhds 0 0 0 5557 5557 0 Wine pipes 742 1724 4502 5984 16387 3435 TOTAL 1116 TABLE 457 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1742 SEU TOTAL WI Good mt 0 0 6 6 0 0 Cash shillings 11.5 0 0 0 0 11.5 Cash pence JOO 0 0 0 1281 Cash pounds 1181 0 0 0 0 2550 2550 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 IO 10 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 1 Ginger bags 1 0 0 0 0 685 685 Ginger pounds 0 0 36 pieces 0 36 0 Linen 0 0 0 2 2 0 Linen bales 7 0 0 0 0 7 Molasses fir kins 0 0 4 barrels 4 0 0 Molasses 0 0 26 20 6 0 Molasses hhds 1095 0 1095 0 0 0 Negroes 259 0 0 0 0 259 Peas bushels 0 0 0 0 950 Pimento pounds 950 0 0 0 0 3 3 Pimento tierces 0 0 0 2 barrels 2 0 Pimento 0 0 0 2 2 0 Pimento casks 27 0 0 0 105 78 R hhds 10 0 0 0 3u 9m Rum tierces 29 4 0 0 0 57 barrels 53 0 0 0 0 2340 Rum 2340 Rum gallons 0 8730 3070 0 0 11800 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 Spirits casks 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 Sugar chests 0 0 0 3 Sugar pots 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 Sugar tierces 2 0 0 1 0 0 103 Sugar hhds 0 barrels 98 5 0 0 0 110 Sugar 0 110 b T aa rrr e ls 0 0 0 40 0 40 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 26 33 7 Wine qtr casks 39 0 0 0 160 199 pipes 0 0 0 50 50 Wine 0 Wine hhds 1117 TABLE 458 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1742 WI NA SEU TOTAL Good U111t 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cash shillings pence 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cash 83 0 0 0 1067 Cash pounds 984 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Linen pieces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Linen bales 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses fir kins 0 8 0 0 0 0 8 Molasses barrels 43 0 0 0 187 Molasses hhds 144 0 0 0 29171 0 29171 Negroes 22 0 0 0 0 22 Peas bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento casks 935 324 0 0 0 1259 Rum hhds 199 69 0 0 0 268 Rum tierces 13 0 0 0 189 Rum barrels 176 267 0 0 0 0 267 Rum gallons 0 763 268 0 0 1031 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spirits casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sugar chests 0 0 0 0 0 Sugar pots 0 23 0 0 0 23 0 Sugar tierces 31 0 0 0 46 15 Sugar hhds 378 19 0 0 0 397 Sugar barrels 44 0 0 0 44 Tar barrels 0 0 25 0 0 0 25 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 99 126 27 Wine qtr casks 596 0 0 0 2444 3040 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 382 382 Wine hhds 1118 WI NA GB AFR SEU TOTA[ Good Unit 3751 143 7 268 29171 2925 37 552 TOTAL 1119 TABLE 459 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1743 Gooa Unit WI ~A AFR TOTA[ Beef barrels 0 2 0 2 Beeswax pounds 0 20 0 20 Bread barrels 0 30 0 30 Cheese 0 17 0 17 Chocolate boxes 0 15 0 15 Cotton bags 7 0 0 7 Cotton bags 2 0 0 2 wool Deer Skin pounds 0 140 0 140 Ginger bags 2 0 0 2 Molasses hhds 7 13 0 20 Molasses tierces 4 8 0 12 Negroes 28 0 1107 1135 Pimento barrels 0 2 0 2 Pork barrels 0 14 0 14 Rum tierces 218 3 0 221 Rum hhds 421 54 0 475 Rum barrels 110 0 0 1 IO Salt bushels 0 2200 0 2200 Sugar cwt 231 32 0 263 Sugar quarters 8 0 0 8 Sugar hhds 1 0 0 l Sugar barrels 145 0 0 145 Sugar pounds 44 0 0 44 Tar barrels 0 114 0 114 1120 TABLE 460 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1743 Gooa Onit WI r-:JA AFR TOTA[ Beef barrels 0 3 0 3 Beeswax pounds 0 0 0 0 Bread barrels 0 24 0 24 Cheese 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Cotton bags 26 0 0 26 Cotton bags 7 0 0 7 wool Deer Skin pounds 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 Molasses hhcls 41 77 0 11 8 Molasses tierces 14 29 0 43 Negroes 869 0 3436 1 35230 Pimento barrels 0 0 0 0 Pork barrels 0 30 0 30 Rum tierces 1293 18 0 13 11 Rum hhcls 437 1 561 0 4932 Rum barrels 3 15 0 0 3 15 Salt bushels 0 142 0 142 Sugar cwt 28 1 39 0 320 Sugar quarters 2 0 0 2 Sugar hhds 15 0 0 15 Sugar barrels 530 0 0 530 Sugar pounds 0 0 0 0 Tar barrels 0 37 0 37 TOTAL 7764 960 3436 1 43085 11 21 TABLE 461 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1744 wr SEU TOTAL Good mt 0 346 0 0 0 346 Cash pounds 374 0 0 0 0 374 Coffee pounds ba 8 0 0 0 0 8 Ginger gs 0 0 0 0 400 400 Molasses jars 16 20 0 0 0 36 Molasses hhds 2 0 0 207 0 209 Negroes 76 0 0 0 0 76 Pimento bags 26 0 0 0 0 26 Rum tierces 0 0 0 0 31 Rum barrels 31 313 42 0 0 0 355 Rum hhds 40 9915 0 800 10755 Salt bushels 0 0 1221 ounces 1221 0 0 0 Silver 5 0 0 0 0 5 Sugar hhds 34 0 0 0 188 Sugar barrels 154 46 0 0 0 46 0 Sugar casks 0 0 0 0 46 46 Wine casks 0 0 0 20 20 0 Wine bottles 19 39 hhds 20 0 0 0 Wine 0 0 0 236 272 pipes 36 Wine 0 0 0 0 8 8 Wine qtr casks 1122 TABLE 462 O VALUEOFGOODIMP ORTEDINT 4 YORK RIVER DISTRIC T, 174 wr NA GB APR SEU TOTA[ Gooa Unit 0 284 0 0 0 284 Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses jars 7 109 0 0 0 8 196 Molasses hhds 62 0 0 6425 0 648 7 Negroes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 0 0 0 150 150 Rum tierces ls 86 0 0 0 0 86 Rum barre 423 0 0 0 3578 3155 Rum hhds 0 3 637 0 51 691 Salt bushels 0 0 0 0 342 342 Silver ounces 0 89 hhds 89 0 0 0 Sugar 153 0 0 0 846 Sugar barrels 693 0 0 0 0 0 Sugar casks 0 0 0 casks 0 0 0 0 Wine 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wine bottles 0 0 0 159 326 Wine hhds 167 602 0 0 0 3943 4545 Wine pipes 0 0 0 0 33 33 Wine qtr cask s 5433 972 637 6425 4186 17653 TOTAL 11 23 TABLE 463 NTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO QUA RIVER DISTRICT, 1745 YORK ~A GB AFR SEO TOTA [ Ornt WI Good 0 1400 0 1400 Beeswax pounds 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 Gold (bar) ounces 0 10 0 30 0 0 40 Molasses hhds 0 0 372 0 372 0 Negroes 0 0 60 ierces 60 0 0 Rum t 0 0 0 0 39 Rum barrels 39 3 0 0 0 190 hhds 187 Rum 5496 0 3900 10646 00 lt bushels 250 10 Sa 1 0 0 0 0 1 Sugar tierces 0 0 100 arrels 100 0 0 Sugar b 1 0 0 10 11 ine qtr casks 0 W 0 0 0 16 16 0 Wine hhds 8 0 0 64 12 2 0 5 Wine pipes --=--:-~--~;;:;;;;;=============== 11 24 TABLE 464 VALUE OF GOOD IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1745 Good Unit WI NA GB AFR SEO 'fO'fA[ Beeswax pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gold (bar) ounces 0 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses hhds 68 0 203 0 0 27 1 Negroes 0 0 0 11547 0 11547 Rum tierces 335 0 0 0 0 335 Rum barrels 105 0 0 0 0 105 Rum hhds 1826 29 0 0 0 1855 Salt bushels 19 74 408 0 290 791 Sugar tierces 11 0 0 0 0 11 Sugar barrels 369 0 0 0 0 369 Wine qtr casks 0 4 0 0 39 43 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 126 126 Wine pipes 0 913 0 0 1007 1920 TOTAL 2733 1020 6 11 11547 1462 17373 11 25 TABLE 465 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1749 Cooa On1t WI NA CB fRE AFR :SEO TOTA[ Cheese cwt 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Coffee kegs 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 Coffee pounds 0 873 0 0 0 0 873 Convicts 0 0 19 33 0 0 52 Molasses hhds 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 Molasses ga llons 180 3550 0 0 0 0 3730 Negroes 216 0 0 0 602 0 8 18 Pig iron tons 0 30 0 0 0 0 30 Plank feet 0 850 0 0 0 0 850 Rum qtr casks 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 Rum hhds 25 0 0 0 0 14 39 Rum gallons 33438 1217 0 0 0 0 34655 Salt bushels 1700 6520 0 0 0 0 8220 Sugar cwt 430 473 0 0 0 0 903 Sugar pounds 22 0 0 0 0 0 22 Sugar quarters 7 2 0 0 0 0 9 Tea pounds 0 200 0 0 0 0 200 Virginia pounds 135 0 0 0 0 0 135 cu rrency Wine hhds 6 I 0 0 0 2 9 Wine pipes 32 2 0 0 0 334 368 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 1126 TABLE 466 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1749 SEU TOTAL Good Umt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese cwt 0 0 0 0 0 kegs 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee 0 0 0 512 Coffee pounds 187 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Convicts 0 0 12 0 0 0 226 Molasses hhds 11 215 0 0 16326 0 22184 Molasses gallons 5858 0 0 0 0 0 150 Negroes 0 150 0 0 0 0 0 21 Pig iron tons 0 21 0 0 6 6 Plank feet 0 0 0 0 162 451 Rum qtr casks 0 0 289 0 0 0 0 3812 Rum hhds 3678 134 0 0 0 0 562 Rum gallons 116 446 0 0 0 0 1233 0 Salt bushels 587 646 0 0 0 0 Sugar cwt 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Sugar pounds 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Sugar quarters 0 0 0 0 109 Tea pounds 0 0 0 109 Virginia pounds 17 75 so 8 0 0 0 currency 0 0 5607 6178 hhds 34 0 Wine 537 25 25 pipes 0 0 0 0 Wine 0 Wine qtr casks 325 16326 5817 35559 187 11237 1667 TOTAL 11 27 TABLE 467 S IMPORTED INTO NTITY OF GOO D QUA T, 1750 YORK RIVER D ISTRIC I NA SEU TOT A[ Good Om t W 80 0 1462 6 olasses gallons 782 M 1 1 0 0 Negroes 5 37525 3850 0 4137 ons Rum gall 2400 0 2400 s 0 alt bush el 0 0 15 S ar quarte rs 15 g 0 0 123 Su 123 Sugar po unds 0 0 393 3 ugar cwt 39 2 0 2 S 0 Tea ch ests 1 0 1 a boxe s 0 0 9 9 Te 0 7 Wine ca sks 4 0 13 1 ine hhds 4 166 181 W 11 es 50 Wine pip 0 0 50 Wine qt r casks 11 28 TABLE 468 INTO VE OF GOOD IMPORTED VAL RK RIVER DIS TRICT, 1750 YO WI NA SEU TO TA[ Good Uni t 39 34 0 73 Molasses gall ons 27 27 0 0 Negroes 3805 390 0 4195 um gallo ns R 109 0 109 0 Salt bu shels 6 rters 6 0 0 a Sugar qu 22 0 0 Sugar pou nds 599 0 0 599 Sugar cw t 0 s 0 0 0 a chest 0 0 0 Te 0 Tea bo xes 0 0 3 9 39 ne casks 0 113 148 Wi 35 ine hhds W 2 70 289 4 3156 es 19ine pip 218 W asks 0 0 218 r c Wine qt 603 3264 8572 4705 TOTAL 11 29 TABLE 469 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT , 1751 Good Unit Wi NA CB AFR SEU TOTA[ Cheese hhds 0 1 0 0 0 1 Cheese barrels 0 6 0 0 0 6 Chocolate boxes 0 1 0 0 0 l Flour barrels 0 38 0 0 0 38 Molasses hhds 380 0 0 0 0 380 Molasses gallons 5320 4780 0 0 0 10100 Negroes 7 0 0 390 0 397 Rum gallons 73615 7030 0 0 0 80645 Salt bushels 900 3700 0 0 2000 6600 Servants 0 0 78 0 0 78 Ship bread barrels 0 60 0 0 0 60 Sugar quarters 20.25 6 0 0 0 26.25 Sugar pounds 223 34 0 0 0 257 Sugar cwt 628 75 0 0 0 703 Wine pipes 20 3 0 0 110 133 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 4 4 Wine hhds 0 0 0 0 9 9 1 lJO TABLE 470 IMPORTED INTO ALUE OF GO OD V T, 1751 YORK RIVER DISTRIC NA GB AFR SEO TOTAr I ood Ornt W G 0 0 0 0 0 0 heese hhds 0 0 0 0 C 0 ls 0 0 0 0 Cheese bar re 0 00 hocolate boxe s 5 0 0 0 25 C 0 2 1 Flour barre ls 0 0 0 210 1ds 21 01 0 0 0 553 Molasses h1 262 0 1 7 lasses gaJlon s 29 0 10577 0 1076 Mo 190 0 0 8285 Negroes 3 722 0 0 9 um gallon s 756 0 0 72 23 R 33 134 shels 769 0 0 7 69 Salt bu 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 Servants 0 45 s 0 0 0 9 Ship bread ba rrel 7 2 uarters 0 0 0 3 Sugar q 0 74 r pounds 3 0 0 9 Suga 870 104 0 0 1947 2354 0 Sugar cw t 354 53 18 18 ine pipes 0 W 0 0 0 80 qtr cask s 0 0 80 Wine 0 0 Wine hh ds 7 2117 26222 12 1347 769 1057 114 TOTAL 113 I TABLE 471 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1752 Good Onit wr FJA GB IRE AFR SEU TOTAL Beeswax tons 0 0 0 0 1.5 0 1.5 Cheese pounds 0 500 0 0 0 0 500 Convicts 0 0 22 0 0 0 22 Molasses gallons 4633 552 3380 0 0 0 8565 Negroes 19 0 0 0 1768 0 1787 Pitch barrels 0 150 0 0 0 0 150 Plank feet 0 2263 0 0 0 0 2263 Refined pounds 0 221 0 0 0 0 221 sugar Rum gallons 71553 949 0 0 0 0 72502 Salt bushels 0 7200 0 0 0 0 7200 Salt hhds 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 Servants 0 0 0 50 0 0 50 Sugar quarters 25 4 0 0 0 0 29 Sugar pounds 220 30 0 0 0 0 250 Sugar cwt 924 16 0 0 0 0 940 Tar barrels 0 307 0 0 0 0 307 Wine hhds 16 0 0 0 0 4 20 Wine pipes 57 0 0 0 0 29 86 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 0 14 14 1132 TABLE 472 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1752 Good Unit WI NA GB 1RE AFR SEO TOTA[ Beeswax tons 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Convicts 0 0 217 0 0 0 2 17 Molasses gallons 269 32 196 0 0 0 497 Negroes 515 0 0 0 47948 0 48463 Pitch barrels 0 90 0 0 0 0 90 Plank feet 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 Refined pounds 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 sugar Rum gallons 6904 92 0 0 0 0 6996 Salt bushels 0 301 0 0 0 0 301 Salt hhds 0 1 0 0 0 0 l Servants 0 0 0 493 0 0 493 Sugar quarters 9 1 0 0 0 0 10 Sugar pounds 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 Sugar cwt 1329 23 0 0 0 0 1352 Tar barrels 0 93 0 0 0 0 93 Wine hhds 144 0 0 0 0 36 180 Wine pipes 1028 0 0 0 0 523 155 1 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 0 0 63 63 TOTAL 1020 1 645 413 493 47948 622 60322 1133 TABLE 473 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1754 SEU TOTAL nit WI Good 11 0 0 11 0 Chocolate boxes 1 0 0 1 0 Coffee casks 2 0 0 0 2 Coffee hhds 0 0 0 2 2 Cotton packs 0 0 0 1610 Cotton pounds 1610 0 3 0 0 3 Flour barrels 0 8 0 0 8 Loaf sugar barrels 4633 0 0 5533 900 Molasses gallons 40 4 0 0 44 Negroes 0 160 0 0 160 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 1 1 Pimento bags 6015 0 800 49914 43099 Rum gallons 685 0 4000 5685 Salt bushels 1000 0 0 40 0 40 Servants 3 0 0 26 23 7 Sugar quarters 184 13 0 0 19 Sugar pounds 30 0 0 9 99 969 42 Sugar cwt 12 0 30 Wine qtr casks 0 6 0 102 108 0 Wine pipes 35 37 0 2 0 Wine hhds I 134 TABLE 474 VA LOE OF GOOD IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1754 mt WI SEU TOTAL Good 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee casks 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee hhds 0 0 0 11 11 Cotton packs 0 0 0 76 Cotton pounds 76 2 barrels 0 2 0 0 Flour 0 31 0 0 31 Loaf sugar barrels 53 275 0 0 328 Molasses gallons 132 0 0 1456 1324 Negroes 729 0 0 729 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 77 4774 gallons 4122 575 0 Rum 46 32 0 184 262 Salt bushels 0 0 481 0 481 Servants 1 0 0 10 9 Sugar quarters 2 0 0 0 2 Sugar pounds 45 0 0 1508 Sugar cwt 1463 0 52 0 129 181 Wine qtr casks 0 103 0 1755 1858 Wine pipes 0 17 0 301 318 Wine hhds 7106 1994 481 2446 12027 TOTAL l 135 TABLE 475 TO ANTITY OF GOOD S IMPORTED IN QU ORK RIVER DISTR ICT, 1755 Y WI NA GB TOTA[ Good Unit 0 2 0 2 Coffee casks 1 0 0 1 Ginger barrels 0 3687 ndigo pounds 0 3687 I 00 2720 0 8320 Molasses gallons 56 11 0 0 11 Negroes 9 0 49 Pitch barrels 0 4 ls 0 2 6 0 26 Pork barre 0 63 0 63 Rice barrels 4 gallons 91460 13744 0 10520 Rum 1350 0 5175 65 25 lt bushels Sa pounds 98 0 0 98 Sugar 4 0 23 Sugar quarte rs 19 cwt 973 60 0 1033 Sugar 605 0 605 Tar barre ls 0 0 140 0 140 Turpentine barrels 7 0 0 7 Wine hhds 2 0 0 32 3 Wine pipes 0 0 6 Wine qtr ca sks 6 1136 TABLE 476 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1755 Good Unit WJ NA GB TOTA[ Coffee casks 0 0 0 0 Ginger barrels 0 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 0 1417 0 1417 Molasses gallons 314 152 0 466 Negroes 364 0 0 364 Pitch barrels 0 22 0 22 Pork barrels 0 51 0 51 Rice barrels 0 0 0 0 Rum gallons 7694 1156 0 8850 Salt bushels 61 0 232 293 Sugar pounds I 0 0 1 Sugar quarters 7 1 0 8 Sugar cwt 1395 86 0 1481 Tar barrels 0 207 0 207 Turpentine barrels 0 62 0 62 Wine hhds 61 0 0 61 Wine pipes 560 0 0 560 Wine qtr casks 26 0 0 26 TOTAL 10483 3154 232 13869 l l 3 7 TABLE 477 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1756 Good Unit wr NA GB SEU TOTA[ Coffee barrels 10 0 0 0 10 Molasses gallons 1800 800 0 0 2600 Negroes 1 0 0 0 1 Pig iron tons 0 45 0 0 45 Planks 0 180 0 0 180 Rice barrels 0 32 0 0 32 Rum gallons 39160 0 0 0 39160 Salt bushels 1747 2250 1650 0 5647 Sugar quarters 21 0 0 0 21 Sugar pounds 205 0 0 0 205 Sugar cwt 520 90 0 0 610 Sugar barrels 140 0 0 0 140 White barrels 2 0 0 0 2 sugar Wine hhds 1 0 0 0 Wine qtr casks 4 0 0 0 4 Wine pipes 24 0 0 26 50 I 138 TABLE 478 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1756 Good Onit WI jqA GB SEO TOTA[ Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Molasses gallons 106 47 0 0 153 Negroes 33 0 0 0 33 Pig iron tons 0 198 0 0 198 Planks 0 3 0 0 3 Rice barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Rum gallons 3097 0 0 0 3097 Salt bushels 115 148 109 0 372 Sugar quarters 7 0 0 0 7 Sugar pounds 3 0 0 0 3 Sugar cwt 736 127 0 0 863 Sugar barrels 594 0 0 0 594 White barrels 8 0 0 0 8 sugar Wine hhds 9 0 0 0 9 Wine qtr casks 19 0 0 0 19 Wine pipes 456 0 0 494 950 TOTAL 5183 S23 109 494 6309 1139 TABLE 479 INTO ANTITY OF GOO DS IMPORTED QU 1758 YORK RIVER DI STRICT, rnt wr ~A GB SEU TOTAL Gooa O 1 0 0 I 0 Cotton M 63 0 0 1063 nger pounds 0 10 Gi 960 240 0 0 1200 Molasses gallo ns 6 0 0 6 mento barrels 0 Pi 20 0 0 20 h barrels Pitc 0 100 0 0 100 Plank feet 28705 916 0 0 29621 m gallons Ru 2080 1680 0 50 96 Salt bus hels 1336 0 184 cwt 1 72 12 0 Sugar 0 0 0 2 4 24 Sugar poun ds 0 0 0 4 rs 4 ugar quart e 57 0 0 57 S barrels 0 r 5 0 0 35 Ta 0 3 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 1 1 ine qtr ca sks 0 81 81 W 0 0 Wine pip es 1140 TABLE 480 TO LUE OF GOOD IMPORTED IN VA RICT, 1758 YORK RIVER D IST 1'1A GB SEO TOTA [ WI Good Unit 44 0 0 44 0 Cotton M 0 0 0 0 nger pounds 0 Gi 76 19 0 0 95 Molasses gallo ns 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento barre ls 0 10 0 0 10 Pitch barr els 0 0 0 0 0 lank feet 7 0 0 3465 P 10 gallons 3358 Rum 0 382 shels 100 156 126 alt bu 18 0 0 276 S 258 Sugar cwt 0 0 0 0 ds 0 ugar poun 0 0 0 2 S ugar quar ters 2 0 17 S rels 0 17 0 Tar bar 0 18 0 18 0 Turpentine barrel s 0 0 0 7 7 casks Wine qtr 0 0 2 128 2128 es 0 Wine pip 89 126 2135 644 4 3794 3 TOTAL 1141 TABLE 481 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1760 Good Onit wr ~A TOTA[ Chocolate boxes 0 3 3 Dollars 0 200 200 Molasses gallons 180 1200 1380 Refined casks 0 9 9 sugar Rum ga llons 62470 5168 67638 Salt hhds 0 45 45 Sugar pounds 104 104 208 Sugar cwt 489 77 566 Sugar quarters 12 1 I 23 Wine qtr casks 0 20 20 1142 TABLE 482 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1760 Gooa Unit WI NA TOTA[ Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 Dollars 0 46 46 Molasses gallons 15 102 117 Refined casks 0 0 0 sugar Rum gallons 9315 771 10086 Salt hhds 0 25 25 Sugar pounds I 1 2 Sugar cwt 738 116 854 Sugar quarters 5 4 9 Wine qtr casks 0 159 159 TOTAL 10074 1224 11298 1143 TABLE 483 INTO NTITY OF GOOD S IMPORTED QUA STRICT, 1761 YORK RIVER DI 'NA AFR SEO TOTA [ WI Good Unit 0 40 0 0 40 Bread kegs 0 10 0 0 10 Chocolate boxes 0 590 gallons 90 500 0 Molasses 0 191 0 196 5 Negroes 149 0 0 14 9 Pitch barrel s 0 70 0 0 70 Pork barre ls 0 25 0 0 25 0 Refined hhds sugar 0 0 48773 gallons 4615 1 2622 Rum 5 0 0 5 alt hhds 0 S 99 0 0 73 1 Sugar cwt 632 31 0 0 82 s 51 Sugar poun d 8 0 0 16 rs 8 Sugar qua rte 170 0 0 1 70 r barrels 0 Ta 0 117 0 0 l I 7 Virginia poun ds currency 0 0 23 2 3 0 Wine hhds 0 0 120 12 0 qtr casks 0 Wine 8 20 50 10 8 ine pipes 30 W I 144 TABLE 484 D IMPORTED I NTO VALUE OF GOO 61 YORK RIVER D ISTRICT, 17 TA[ wr NA A FR SEO TO Good Unit 26 0 0 26 0 Bread kegs 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 41 6 35 0 Molasses gallo ns 178 0 6802 0 6980 Negroes 61 0 61 0 0 Pitch barr els 150 0 0 150 ork barre ls 0 P 391 0 0 391 0 Refined hhds sugar 298 0 0 554 9 Rum gall ons 5251 0 2 0 0 2 hhds 1 0 0 1040 Salt 899 14 Sugar cwt 0 0 0 1 1 gar pound s 3 0 0 6 Su r quarters 3 ga 55 0 0 55 Su els 0 81 Tar ba rr 81 0 0 irginia pound s 0 V ncy 0 0 325 325 curre 0 hhds 0 848 848 Wine 0 asks 0 Wine qt r c 8 226 565 1414 3053 84 Wine pipe s 469 7367 2587 186 09 7186 1 TOTAL 1145 TABLE 485 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1762 Good Un it WI NA AFR SEU TOTAL Chocolate boxes 0 4 0 0 4 Coffee pounds 0 100 0 0 100 Dollars 0 1000 0 0 1000 Molasses gallons 426 4817 0 0 5243 Negroes 0 0 64 0 64 Pimento pounds 0 100 0 0 100 Refined pounds 0 200 0 0 200 sugar Refined hhds 0 15 0 0 15 sugar Rum gallons 23150 7875 0 0 31025 Salt hhds 0 108 0 0 108 Sugar pounds 79 144 0 0 223 Sugar cwt 228 153 0 0 381 Sugar quarters 14 31 0 0 45 Virginia pounds 0 100 0 0 100 currency Wine hhds 0 0 0 14 14 Wine pipes 0 0 0 35 35 Wine qtr casks 0 2 0 14 16 1146 TABLE 486 ALUE OF GOOD I MPORTED INTO V ER DISTRICT, 176 2 YORK RIV NA AFR SEU TOTA [ Unit WI Good 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 230 0 0 230 Dollars 313 0 0 341 s 28 Molasses gallon 2279 0 0 2279 0 Negroes 0 0 0 0 Pimento pound s 0 6 0 0 6 s 0 Refined pound sugar 228 hds 0 228 0 0 Refined h sugar 880 0 0 3467 Rum gallon s 2587 0 61 0 0 61 Salt hl1ds 1 2 0 0 3 Sugar poun ds 226 0 0 563 ugar cwt 337 1 0 0 16 S 1 Sugar quart ers 5 0 66 0 0 66 Virginia pound s currency 0 0 202 20 2 0 Wine hhds 0 0 0 1 009 1009 Wine pipes 14 0 10 I 115 sks 0 Wine qtr ca 79 1312 8586 2958 2037 22 TOTAL 1147 TABLE 487 INTO NTITY OF GOO DS IMPORTED QUA IVER DISTRICT , 1764 YORK R NA GB SEO TOT A[ Good Unit WI 0 3 0 0 3 Cheese hhds 5 0 0 5 0 Cheese cwt 0 20 0 20 0 Convicts I 0 0 0 I Cotton bags 0 800 0 0 800 Loaf sugar pound s 0 3 0 0 3 Loaf sugar barrel s 0 0 4190 1500 2690 Molasses gallon s 4 0 0 0 4 egroes 3 0 0 93 N 0 9 18 Pig iron tons 0 18 0 0 Pig iron cwt 619 35919 4700 0 0 40 s um gallon 0 0 2000 20 00 R bushels 0 lt 0 5 5 Sa ds 0 55 0 Salt hh 555 63 0 0 618 130 Sugar cwt 55 0 0 ds 75 22 Sugar pou n I 11 0 0 Sugar qu arters I 2 0 14 1 6 0 Wine hhd s 0 57 74 2 15 pipes 0 5 5 Wine s 0 0 Wine qtr cask 1148 TABLE 488 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1764 Good Onit WJ NA GB SEO TOTA[ Cheese hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese cwt 0 0 0 0 0 Convicts 0 0 253 0 253 Cotton bags 6 0 0 0 6 Loaf sugar pounds 0 23 0 0 23 Loaf sugar barrels 0 11 0 0 11 Molasses gallons 71 127 0 0 198 Negroes 139 0 0 0 139 Pig iron tons 0 457 0 0 457 Pig iron cwt 0 4 0 0 4 Rum gallons 3387 443 0 0 3830 Salt bushels 0 0 0 I 11 111 Salt hhds 0 21 0 0 21 Sugar cwt 782 89 0 0 87 1 Sugar pounds 1 1 0 0 2 Sugar quarters 0 0 0 0 0 Wine hhds 0 29 0 205 234 Wine pipes 58 439 0 1667 2164 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 37 37 TOTAL 4444 1644 253 2020 8361 1149 TABLE 489 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1765 EU TOTAL Good Dmt WI 40 0 40 0 Bread kegs 200 0 0 200 Cash pounds 5700 0 5700 Cheese pounds 0 0 268 0 268 Chocolate pounds 0 4 0 4 Chocolate boxes 5 2 0 7 Coffee bags 2 0 2 Coffee barrels 0 1205 pounds 0 1205 0 Coffee 15 0 15 0 Loaf sugar hhds 3 0 3 0 Loaf sugar barrels 34 0 34 0 Loaf sugar tierces 0 2699 0 2699 Loaf sugar pounds 0 9234 2700 6534 Molasses gallons 0 229 0 229 Pig iron tons 33800 9609 0 43409 Rum gal lons 640 0 640 bushels 0 Salt 6 0 6 0 Spirits casks 139 pounds 92 47 0 Sugar 438 100 0 538 Sugar cwt 14 0 30 ugar quar ters 16 S 37 0 37 pounds 0 Tea 0 0 20 20 Wine hhds 4 0 78 82 Wine pipes 0 7 11 qtr casks 4 Wine 1150 TABLE 490 VALUEOFGOODIMPORTEDINTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1765 WI NA ~u TOTAL Gooa mt 26 0 26 Bread kegs 0 125 0 0 125 Cash pounds 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 234 0 234 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 12 0 12 Loaf sugar barrels 361 0 361 0 Loaf sugar tierces 0 84 0 84 Loaf sugar pounds 478 140 338 0 Molasses gallons 1185 0 1185 0 Pig iron tons 0 3858 gallons 3004 854 Rum 32 0 32 ushels 0 Salt b 8 0 8 0 Spirits casks 1 0 2 1 Sugar pounds 682 156 0 838 Sugar cwt 6 5 0 11 ters Sugar quar 0 8 0 8 pounds Tea 0 0 278 278 Wine hhds 2282 111 0 2171 Wine pipes 28 0 49 77 casks Wine qtr 4097 3304 2498 9899 TOTAL 1151 TABLE 491 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1768 Good Onit Wf 1'1A GB :SEO TOTAL Bar iron tons 0 8 0 0 8 Bar iron cwt 0 17 0 0 17 Cash pounds 432 0 0 0 432 Cash shillings 25 0 0 0 25 Chocolate boxes 0 7 0 0 7 Coffee bags and 0 7 0 0 7 tierces Coffee bags 2 0 0 0 2 Ginger bags 9 0 0 0 9 Loaf sugar tierces 6 10 0 0 16 Loaf sugar hhds 0 58 0 0 58 Loaf sugar barrels 0 5 0 0 5 Loaf sugar casks l 0 0 0 Molasses gallons 0 1100 0 0 1100 Molasses barrels 0 0 0 Molasses tierces 0 1 0 0 ] Molasses hhds 3 15 0 0 18 Rum gallons 39950 12433 0 0 52383 Salt bushels 0 428 0 0 428 Sugar quarters 9 9 0 0 18 Sugar pounds 77 47 0 0 124 Sugar cwt 366 228 0 0 594 Tobacco hhds 2 0 0 0 2 Wine qtr casks 0 0 I 1 12 Wine hhds 0 0 7 29 36 Wine pipes 0 0 66 53 I 19 1152 TABLE 492 V ALOE OF GOOD IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1768 EU TOTAL WI Good mt 114 0 114 0 0 12 Bar iron tons 12 0 0 0 Bar iron cwt 0 0 346 ds 346 0 1 Cash poun 1 0 0 0 ings 0 0 Cash shill 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 d Coffee bags an tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 152 Ginger bags 95 0 57 Loaf sugar tierces 809 0 0 809 0 0 0 17 Loaf sugar hhds 0 17 3 Loaf sugar barrels 0 0 0 3 60 Loaf sugar casks 60 0 0 0 0 2 Molasses gallons 0 2 0 barrels 3 0 0 3 Molasses 0 tierces 0 0 98 Molasses 16 82 0 5250 Molasses hhds 0 ns 4 004 1246 gallo 20 0 0 20 Rum 0 bushels 3 0 0 6 Salt 3 quarters 0 0 2 Sugar 1 1 pounds 0 0 828 Sugar 510 318 Sugar cwt 0 0 0 14 14 7 79 86 Tobacco hhds 0 0 qtr casks 0 100 415 515 Wine 0 Wine hhds 1891 1518 3409 0 0 Wine pipe s 12 11747 4955 2782 1998 20 TOTAL 1153 TABLE 493 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1769 TOTAL I NA Good mt 32 0 0 32 0 0 6 Bread barrels 0 6 0 Cash pence 0 0 0 16 16 1432 Cash shillings 172 203 0 1057 0 10 Cash pounds 0 10 0 0 1660 Cheese cwt 0 1660 0 Cheese pounds 430 0 0 430 0 9 Chocolate pounds 0 9 0 0 3 Chocolate boxes 3 0 0 0 1 Loaf sugar tierces 0 0 0 1 6 Loaf sugar hhds 0 6 0 0 11580 Loaf sugar barrels 0 0 1193 10387 0 1 Molasses gallons 0 0 1 0 41 Negroes 0 0 41 tons 317 0 37287 Pig iron gallons 264 00 10570 0 28 Rum 0 28 0 0 0 502 Salt casks 0 502 bushels 0 0 105 Salt 0 105 0 0 6155 Salt hhds 5128 1027 pounds 0 0 163 Sugar 140 23 0 0 804 Sugar cwt 4 800 quarters 0 0 32 Sugar 0 32 pounds 0 0 100 Tea 0 100 White pounds 0 57 57 sugar 0 0 1700 Wine hhds 0 1700 0 0 0 16 16 Wine gallons 0 0 qtr casks 0 32 32 Wine 0 0 Wine pipes 1154 TABLE 494 VA LOE OF GOOD IMPORTED INTO YORK RIVER DISTRICT, 1769 Good Unit 46 46 0 0 Bread barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cash pence 0 0 0 Cash shillings 1 166 0 867 1174 pounds 141 Cash 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese cwt 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 31 Chocolate boxes 0 31 0 0 Loaf sugar tierces 15 0 15 0 0 23 Loaf sugar hhds 0 23 0 0 Loaf sugar barrels 0 0 654 67 587 Molasses gallons 0 0 38 0 38 0 206 Negroes 206 0 0 3893 Pig iron tons 2756 1104 33 0 0 5 Rum gallons 0 5 0 0 0 26 Salt casks 0 26 Salt bushe ls 38 0 38 0 0 0 0 92 Salt hhds 77 15 Sugar pounds 272 234 38 0 0 337 Sugar cwt 2 335 0 0 0 0 4 Sugar quarte rs 0 4 3 Tea poun ds 0 3 0 0 White pounds 0 869 869 sugar 0 0 411 Wine hhds 0 0 0 411 Wine gallons 0 0 122 122 0 qtr casks 0 975 975 Wine 0 0 Wine pipes 2680 33 3244 9235 3278 TOTAL 1155 TABLE 495 INTO UANTITY OF GOO DS IMPORTED Q 1771 YORK RIVER DIST RICT, NA UNK TOTA[ Good Unit WI 0 1 0 1 Bread barrels 0 0 160 Cash pounds 160 0 4683 0 468 3 Cheese pounds 0 2704 0 27 04 Chocolate pounds 0 5 0 5 Coffee cwt 1 0 1 Linen boxes 0 6820 allons 0 16059 761 1 Molasses g 0 0 16 16 Negroes 0 12492 0 1 2492 Refined pounds sugar 70 56287 gallons 30010 25807 4 Rum 1000 110 0 1110 Salt bush els 116.5 12 128.5 Salt hhds 0 0 35465 ounds 19400 15865 20 Sugar p 1156 TABLE 496 TO UE OF GOOD I MPORTED IN VAL 771 YORK RIVER D ISTRICT, 1 nit wr NA UN K TOTA[ 'Good U 2 rrels 0 2 0 Bread ba 0 0 129 129 Cash pou nds 0 0 0 0 Cheese pou nds 0 0 0 0 s Chocolate pound 0 0 0 Coffee cwt 0 0 0 0 inen boxe s 0 L 858 41 899 olasses gallon s 0 M 614 0 0 614 Negroes 366 0 366 efined pound s 0 R sugar 3034 2609 48 5691 ns Rum gal lo 5 0 53 els 48 Salt bus h 0 39 4 43 Salt hhd s 266 217 3 486 Sugar po unds 4096 96 8283 4091 TOTAL 1157 TABLE 497 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1725 NA OTAL Good Omt 1100 0 1100 Corn bushels 0 13 13 Cotton bags 0 7 7 Deer Skins 0 1 1 Furs hhds 0 264 264 Hoops 0 28 28 Iron tons 0 18 18 Logs (walnut) 30 0 30 Peas bushels 0 1733 1733 Plank feet 0 64 64 Planks 0 70 70 Staves M (barrel) 0 27710 27710 Staves (barrels) 0 26 26 Staves M (hhd) 0 7836 7836 Staves (hhds) 0 29 29 Staves M (pipe) 0 59 59 Sugar casks 0 3989 3989 Tobacco hhds 0 17 17 Tobacco barrels 0 5 5 Tobacco tubs 900 0 900 Wheat bushels 0 4 4 Wine pipes I I 58 TABLE 498 ODS EXPORTE D FROM VALUE OF GO TRJCT, 1725 RAPPAHANNO CK DIS B TOTAL Good Unit NA G 84 0 84 Corn bushe ls 0 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Furs hhds 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 2 hels 2 Peas bus 0 2 2 Plank feet 0 1 1 Planks 0 57 57 Staves M (barrel) 0 22 22 Staves (barrels) 0 42 42 Staves M (hhd) 0 13 13 Staves (hhds) 0 62 62 Staves M (pipe) 0 248 248 Sugar ca sks 0 37358 37358 Tobacco hhd s 0 80 80 rels Tobacco ba r 0 12 12 Tobacco tub s ushels 125 0 125 Wheat b 0 59 59 Wine pi pes 211 37956 38167 TOTAL 1159 TABLE 499 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1727 Good Unit NA GB TOTAL Corn bushels 3000 0 3000 Furs boxes 0 1 1 Furs hhds 0 1 1 Heading 0 2600 2600 Iron tons 0 65 65 Logs 0 20 20 (walnut) Pig iron tons 0 20 20 Pitch barrels 0 36 36 Plank feet 0 6386 6386 Planks 0 2 2 Staves 0 10500 10500 (barrels) Staves 0 119883 119883 (hhds) Staves 0 200 200 (pipes) Tobacco barrels 0 110 110 Tobacco hhds 0 7950 7950 1160 TABLE 500 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1727 Good Unit NA GB TOTA[ Corn bushels 203 0 203 Furs boxes 0 0 0 Furs hhds 0 0 0 Heading 0 4 4 Iron tons 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 0 (walnut) Pig iron tons 0 0 0 Pitch barrels 0 22 22 Plank feet 0 8 8 Planks 0 0 0 Staves 0 8 8 (barrels) Staves 0 180 180 (hhds) Staves 0 0 0 (pipes) Tobacco barrels 0 259 259 Tobacco hhds 0 37421 3742 1 TOTAL 203 37902 38 105 116 I TABLE 501 ROM Y OF GOODS E XPORTED F QUANTIT DISTRICT, 173 0 RAPPAHANNO CK GB TOTA[ ooa Unit NA G 12 0 12 Beans bus hels 2225 0 222 5 rn bushel s Co 0 122 122 Deer Skins 0 244.5 244.5 Pig iron tons t 0 3570 3570 Plank f ee 0 16 barrels 16 Pork 0 30 um gallo ns 30 R 0 68810 68810 Staves (barrels) 0 27440 27440 Staves (hl1ds) 0 8867 8867 Staves (pipes) 0 14 14 rces Sugar tie 0 4 4 Tobacco tub s 0 50 50 Tobacco ba rrels 0 6243 6243 Tobacco hh ds 410 0 41 0 els Wheat bu sh 1162 T.?\HI I . 502 V /\ LUE 0 1: c;oons !)(PORTED FROM RA PP/\ 11 1\ N NOC K DISTRJCT, 1730 Goou lJ II JI '1A GB TOTA[ Beans husil L? I, 0 1 Corn hu sllch 41 0 141 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Pig iron IOll S 0 0 0 Plank kc l 0 4 4 Po rk h ~JITL'is 31 0 31 Rum g;1lllli!S 3 0 3 Staves 0 SI SI (barrels) Staves 0 41 41 (hhcl s) Staves 0 17 17 (pipes) Suga r 1r e recs 0 144 144 Tobacco 1uhs 0 4 4 Tobacco h;1rrds 0 92 92 Tobacco l!hd -., 0 22967 22967 Wheal hu silL?I , so 0 so TOTAL ~26 23320 23546 1163 TABLE 503 EXPORTED F ROM ANTITY OF G OODS QU ICT, 1731 RAPPAHANN OCK DISTR wr NA GB TOTA [ Gooa Uni t 937 hels 5111 2826 0 7 Corn bus 0 64 6 70 Deer Skins 0 0 20 61 2061 Heading 6 57 6 0 0 57 Hoops 0 0 30 1 301 Iron ton s 0 67 67 0 Logs (walnut) 0 100 0 100 lons 55 Molasses gal 55 0 0 1 eas bus hels 1 P 0 0 34 46 3446 Plank fe et 0 0 2 4 24 Planks 34 0 62 arrels 28 169 Pork b 0 169 0s Rum ga llon 0 70 0 700 0 s 0 84500 Stave 0 0 8450 Staves 9 (barrels) 0 3784 9 3784 0 Staves 0 12920 (hhds) 600 0 1 232 Staves (pipes) 0 0 18 18 cco tubs 0 70 7 0 Toba co barrels 0 0 8446 8446 Tobac 0 ds 12 12 Tobacco h h 0 0 Turpentine bar rels 0 0 27 27 x pou nds 0 668 Wa 668 0 heat bush els 0 4 4 W 0 ine pip es W 1164 TABLE 504 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1731 Gooa Onit WI NA GB T<'.Yi"AL Corn bushels 275 152 0 427 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Heading 3 0 0 3 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Molasses gal lons 0 4 0 4 Peas bushels 8 0 0 8 Plank feet 0 0 4 4 Planks 0 0 0 0 Pork barrels 51 62 0 113 Rum gallons 0 15 0 15 Staves 0 0 1 1 Staves 0 0 62 62 (barrels) Staves 0 0 56 56 (hhds) Staves 0 24 25 (pipes) Tobacco tubs 0 0 16 16 Tobacco barrels 0 0 123 123 Tobacco hhds 0 0 29756 29756 Turpentine barrels 0 0 9 9 Wax pounds 0 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 54 0 0 54 Wine pipes 0 0 S3 S3 TOTAL 392 233 30 104 30729 --- 1165 TABLE 505 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1733 Gooa Onit Wi 1\!A GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 164 0 0 164 Corn bushels 3804 7060 0 10864 Deer Skins 0 13 0 13 Flour barrels 2 0 0 2 Furs hhds 0 0 1 I Heading 700 0 300 1000 Iron tons 0 0 397 397 Peas casks 3 0 0 3 Peas bushels 6 I 1 305 0 916 Pitch barrels 0 0 168 168 Plank feet 400 400 5066 5866 Pork barrels 73 63 0 136 Staves 1800 0 55910 57710 (barrels) Staves 1800 0 58400 60200 (hhds) Staves 0 0 7760 7760 (pipes) Tobacco hhds 0 0 3147 3147 Wheat bushels 0 680 0 680 -~-- 1166 TABLE 506 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1733 Good '0111t WI NA GB TOTA[ Beans bushels IO 0 0 10 Corn bushels 239 444 0 683 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels l 0 0 l Furs hhds 0 0 0 0 Heading l 0 0 ] Iron tons 0 0 0 0 Peas casks l 0 0 I Peas bushels 38 19 0 57 Pitch barrels 0 0 56 56 Plank feet 0 0 5 5 Pork barrels 104 90 0 194 Staves l 0 38 39 (barrels) Staves 3 0 87 90 (hhds) Staves 0 0 14 14 (pipes) Tobacco hhds 0 0 11566 11566 Wheat bushels 0 62 0 62 TOTAL 398 615 11766 12779 1167 TABLE 507 ROM Y OF GOODS E XPORTED F QUANTIT DISTRICT, 17 35 RAPPAHANNO CK GB SEU TOTA [ wr NA Gooa Uni t 94 0 20 1 94 bushels 80 0 2450 16257 Beans 6750 n bushels 7057 or 83 0 0 83 C 0 r Skins 0 1300 0 13 00 Dee 0 8 Hoops 56 0 3 56 571 s bushels 66 0 0 4 Pea 0 4 Peas hhd s 0 20 7 0 207 0 377 Pig iron tons 0 0 337 7 0 3 t 0 103 Plank fe e 3 0 0 1 0 832 Planks 0 0 4 0 4832 Pork po unds 0 0 44 rrels 1 9 25 Pork ba 215 465 .5 0 680 .5 0 gallons 0440 0 343440 Rum 3000 0 34 0 0 100 Staves ds 100 0 poun 0 5402 0 5 402 Sugar 0 324 Tobacco hh ds 324 0 0 0 shels Wheat bu I 168 TABLE 508 OM E OF GOODS E XPORTED FR VALU T, 1735 RAPPAHANNO CK DISTRIC EU TOTA[ t WI NA GB S Good Um 4 0 1 9 4 Beans bush els 4 321 0 117 77 orn bushe ls 336 0 0 0 0 C 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 7 0 17 27 as bushel s 3 e 0 1 P ds 0 1 0 0 Peas hh 0 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 4 0 0 4 0 1 Plank feet 0 1 0 lanks 27 0 0 27 P 0 pounds 0 0 49 Pork 21 28 48 Pork ba rrels 15 33 0 gallons 0 525 0 530 Rum 5 0 0 1 Staves s 1 0 0 pound 21350 0 21350 Sugar 0 bacco hhds 0 8 To 0 38 0 0 3 shels Wheat bu 5 2859 370 441 21 913 13 2 TOTAL 1169 TABLE 509 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1736 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTAL Corn bushels 1800 14146 0 15946 Deer Skins 0 32 20 52 Furs pounds 0 0 65 65 Hoops 0 0 144 144 Peas bushels 0 262 0 262 Pig iron tons 0 0 295 295 Plank pieces 0 0 7 7 Plank feet 0 0 3800 3800 Pork pounds 0 2000 0 2000 Rum tierces 0 0 4 4 Rum hhds 0 0 4 4 Salt bushels 0 4000 0 4000 Staves 0 0 160784 160784 Tobacco barrels 0 0 28 28 Tobacco hhds 0 0 5394 5394 Wheat bushels 0 90 0 90 1170 TABLE 510 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT , 1736 Gooa Onit WI l'JA GB TOTA[ Corn bushels 102 800 0 902 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Furs pounds 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Peas bushels 0 15 0 15 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 0 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 0 4 4 Pork pounds 0 12 0 12 Rum tierces 0 0 16 16 Rum hhds 0 0 28 28 Salt bushels 0 196 0 196 Staves 0 0 224 224 Tobacco barrels 0 0 54 54 Tobacco hhds 0 0 20847 20847 Wheat bushels 0 9 0 9 TOTAL 102 1032 21173 22307 1171 TABLE511 D FROM TITY OF GOOD S EXPORTE QUAN OCK DISTRICT , 1737 RAPPAHANN GB TOTAL NA Good On it 0 21 ns bushels 21 Bea 0 3800 n bushels 3800 Cor 0 2 2 Deer Skin bar rels 0 1 1 Deer Skins cask s 0 5 5 Deer Skins 0 25 25 Furs po unds 0 1540 1540 Hoops 0 1635.5 1635.5 Linen ya rds 0 9 9 Linen pie ces 0 271 271 Pig iron ton s 0 2428 2428 Plank fe et 0 3 3 Plank pi eces 0 5 5 Planks 0 I 1 erces Rum ti 0 llons 2 0 0 2 a Rum g 0 187099 187099 Staves 22 22 ar barr els 0 Sug rels 0 50 50 Tobacco ba r 9446 9446 0 Tobacco hh ds 0 26 t bushels 26 Whea I 1 0 Wine p ipes 1172 TABLE 512 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1737 Good Unit 'NA GB TOTAL Beans bushels l 0 l Corn bushels 232 0 232 Deer Skin barrels 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Furs pounds 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Linen yards 0 0 0 Linen pieces 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 4 4 Plank pieces 0 0 0 Planks 0 0 0 Rum tierces 0 5 5 Rum gallons 2 0 2 Staves 0 351 351 Sugar barrels 0 69 69 Tobacco barrels 0 112 112 Tobacco hhds 0 42164 42164 Wheat bushels 3 0 3 Wine pipes 0 12 12 TOTAL 238 42717 42955 1173 TABLE 513 EXPORTED FR OM ANTITY OF GO ODS QU , 1738 RAPPAHANNO CK DISTRICT NA GB SEO TOT A[ Good Unit 0 ushels 6000 0 100 610 Corn b 0 10 0 1 0 Deer Skin chests 0 8 0 8 Deer Skins 175 150 0 25 Peas bush els 314 tons 0 314 0 Pig iron 960 0 960 0 Plank feet 8515 0 128515 0 12 Staves 0 7071 0 7071 Tobacco hhds 0 1 0 1 Tobacco barre ls 0 2300 2950 heat bushels 650 W 1174 TABLE 514 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1738 Good Unit NA GB SEU TOTA[ Corn bushels 393 0 7 400 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Peas bushels 10 0 2 12 Pig iron tons 0 1957 0 1957 Plank feet 0 2 0 2 Staves 0 273 0 273 Tobacco hhds 0 33345 0 33345 Tobacco barrels 0 2 0 2 Wheat bushels 71 0 249 320 TOTAL 474 35579 258 36311 1175 TABLE 515 FROM NTITY OF GOOD S EXPORTED QUA OCK DISTRICT , 1739 RAPPAHANN TOTAL Gooa Unit NA GB 100 0 100 ls Beans bushe 5500 0 5500 Corn bushe ls 0 I 1 Deer Skin barre ls 0 9 9 Deer Skin chests hds 0 1 1 Deer Skins h 0 2 2 Deer Skins 0 1 I Furs and hhds skins 0 788 788 Hoops 0 10 Peas bush els 10 369 369 Pig iron tons 0 0 2504 2504 lank feet P 0 45 45 Planks 00 0 800 Pork pou nds 8 0 193115 193 I 15 Staves 0 33 33 Tobacco barr els 0 10761 10761 Tobacco hhd s 300 0 300 els Wheat bush 1176 TABLE 516 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1739 B TOTAL Good On1t 0 4 Beans bushels 4 0 229 Corn bushels 229 0 0 0 Deer Skin barrels 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Furs and hhds skins 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 Peas bushels 0 0 2175 2175 Pig iron tons feet 0 4 4 Plank 0 1 1 Planks 6 0 6 Pork pounds 0 366 366 Staves 0 69 69 Tobacco barrels hhds 0 44950 44950 Tobacco bushels 25 0 25 Wheat 264 47565 47829 TOTAL 1177 TABLE 517 D FROM TITY OF GOO DS EXPORTE QUAN K DISTRICT, 1 740 RAPPAHANNO C 1'7A GB TOTAr WI Good Oni t 38 0 38 ns bushels 0 Bea 0 0 3 read casks 3 B 9884 0 13334.5 hels 3450.5 Corn bus 0 0 3 3 Deer Skin ches ts 0 20 20 0 Deer Skins 0 530 530 0 Heading 0 0 0 1400 14 0 Hoops 0 6 6 0 Logs (walnut) 0 27 0 2 7 eas bush els P 610 0 261 2 Pig iron ton s 0 0 1265 12 65 Plank fee t 0 0 82 barrels 82 k 0 0 2000 Por 2000 01 Shingles 0 0 189801 1898 Staves 0 22 22 ls 0 Tobacco ba rre 0 0 9941 9 941 obacco hhd s 0 2000 2000 T 0 ax poun ds W 0 682 0 682 heat bus hels W 0 0 1 1 Wine hh ds 1178 TABLE 518 FROM ALUE OF GOOD S EXPORTED V NOCK DISTRIC T, 1740 RAPPAHAN I NA GB TOTA[ Good Unit W 2 0 2 0 Beans bushe ls 0 0 2 2 Bread casks 448 0 604 rn bushels 156 Co 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 1 0 1 Peas bus hels 0 0 149 1 1491 Pig iron tons 2 2 0 0 1 I 4 Plank feet 0 rrels 11 4 0 Pork ba 0 0 0 0 hingles 0 383 3 83 S 0 Staves 0 43 43 acco barrels 0 Tob 0 38641 38641 0 Tobacco hhd s 0 0 ds 0 0 67 Wax po un 0 67 0 Wheat bus hels 0 6 6 0 Wine hJ1 cls 518 40566 4135 6 272 TOTAL 1179 TABLE 519 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1741 Good Onit WI l'JA GB TOTAL Beans bushels 0 151 0 151 Corn bushels 1075 11246 0 12321 Deer Skin chests 0 0 6 6 Deer Skins cases 0 0 2 2 Deer Skins 0 69 0 69 Heading 800 0 0 800 Hoops 0 0 480 480 Peas bushels 157 53 0 210 Pig iron tons 0 0 256 256 Plank feet 0 0 2786 2786 Pork pounds 0 4400 0 4400 Pork barrels 0 29 3 32 Pork hhds 0 4 0 4 Rum gallons 0 30 0 30 Skins hhds 0 0 1 1 Staves 1800 0 161461 163261 Tobacco barrels 0 0 12 12 Tobacco hhds 0 0 10452 10452 Wheat bushels 0 624 0 624 1180 TABLE 520 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1741 WI N Good mt 0 14 0 14 Beans bushels 1054 0 1155 Corn bushels 101 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins cases 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 2 2 0 0 Head ing 0 0 0 0 Hoops 5 0 20 Peas bushels 15 0 1680 1680 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 7 7 Plank feet 38 0 38 Pork pounds 0 49 5 54 Pork barrels 0 0 14 0 14 Pork hhds 3 0 3 gallons 0 Rum 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 6 0 497 503 Staves 0 29 29 0 Tobacco barrels 0 49904 49904 0 Tobacco hhds 95 bushels 0 95 0 Wheat 53518 124 1272 52122 TOTAL 1181 TABLE 521 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1742 Good Unit wr 'N'A GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 119 0 l l 9 Corn bushels 1013 0 0 1013 Deer Skins 0 27 6 33 Deer Skins casks 0 0 1 1 Heading 0 0 576 576 Hoops 0 0 S00 S00 Iron tons 0 l 485 486 Logs 0 0 2749 2749 Logs feet 0 0 700 700 Logs feet 0 0 100 100 (walnut) Logs 0 0 1031 1031 (walnut) Peas bushels 20 20 0 40 Pig iron tons 0 8 40 48 Plank pieces 0 0 10 10 Plank feet 0 l l 95 1432 2627 Planks 0 441 64 sos Pork pounds 0 220 0 220 Pork barrels 0 10 0 10 Rum hhds 0 0 1 Rum gallons 0 31 0 31 Salt hhds 0 4 0 4 Spirits gallons 0 30 0 30 Staves 6340 0 225367 231707 Sugar barrels 0 I 0 1 Tar barrels 0 0 308 308 Tobacco barrels 0 0 13 13 Tobacco hhds 4 0 13976 13980 Wax barrels 0 7.75 0 7 .75 Wax baskets 0 0 1 I Wheat bushels 0 379 0 379 Wine hhds 0 2 - -- - - 1182 TABLE 522 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1742 WI NA B TOTAL Good Unit 10 0 10 0 Beans bushels 85 0 0 85 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 1 1 Heading 0 0 0 0 Hoops 2796 0 6 2790 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 0 0 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 Logs feet (walnut) 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 2 0 4 2 Peas bushels 46 230 276 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 0 pieces 5 Plank 0 2 3 Plank feet 8 1 9 0 2 Planks 0 2 0 pounds Pork 0 17 0 17 barrels Pork 12 0 12 0 4 Rum hhds 0 4 0 gallons 2 0 2 Rum 0 hhds 0 3 Salt 0 3 gallons 0 520 535 Spirits 15 4 0 4 Staves 0 barrels 123 123 Sugar 0 0 barrels 34 34 Tar 0 0 Tobacco barrels 21 0 73440 73461 hhds 0 0 0 Tobacco 0 barrels 0 0 Wax 0 0 baskets 43 0 43 wax 0 bushels 8 8 16 Wheat 0 Wine hhds 123 169 77150 77442 TOTAL J 183 A B TOTAL Good Unit WI N G 1184 TABLE 523 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1743 B TOTAL Good mt 0 15 0 15 Beans bushels 3470 4550 0 8020 Corn bushels 0 0 80 80 Deer Skin pounds 0 0 8 8 Deer Skin chests 0 0 1 1 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 2 2 Deer Skins casks 0 17 17 0 Deer Skins 0 2 0 2 Flour tierces 0 0 1 1 Furs casks 2844 2700 0 144 Hoops 0 0 387.5 387.5 Iron tons 100 bushels 60 40 0 Peas 0 0 34 34 Pig iron rons 0 10 0 10 Plank pieces 0 0 5214 5214 Plank feet 1023 1000 0 23 Planks 0 45 212 257 Rum gallons 20 0 20 bushels 0 Rye 0 l 1 0 Skins casks 0 4 4 0 Skins cases 0 0 208640 208640 Staves 0 0 12749 12749 Tobacco hhds 0 4 4 0 Tobacco barrels 0 0 20 20 Turpentine barrels ]300 0 1300 0 Wheat bushels 1185 TABLE 524 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1743 B TOTAL Good mt 1 0 1 Beans bushels 0 537 bushels 232 305 0 Corn 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin pounds 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 1 0 1 Flour tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Furs casks 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 2022 2022 Iron tons 3 0 7 4 Peas bushels 0 0 177 177 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 Plank pieces 0 0 0 9 9 Plank feet 17 0 0 17 Planks 0 4 21 25 gallons 1 0 1 Rum 0 bushels Rye 0 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 432 432 0 62103 62103 Staves 0 hhds 0 10 10 Tobacco 0 7 Tobacco barrels 0 0 7 Turpentine barrels 0 116 0 116 Wheat bushels 431 64781 65465 253 -TO-TA-L ----- 1186 TABLE 525 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1744 WI NA B TOTAL ITooa nit 0 0 17 Beans bushels 17 4729 0 6250 1521 Corn bushels 0 159 0 159 Deer Skin pounds 2 0 0 2 Deer Skins casks 0 0 1198 1198 Deer Skins 0 168 168 0 Hoops 486 0 0 486 Iron tons 0 0 4 4 Logs (walnut) 0 0 62 bushels 62 Peas 0 0 5037 5037 Plank feet 0 691 691 0 gallons Rum 0 0 300 300 Spirits gallons 0 220762 220762 0 Staves 0 0 11605 11605 Tobacco hhds 0 0 4 4 Tobacco barrels 0 0 1000 1000 pounds Wax 0 508 0 508 Wheat bushels 1187 TABLE 526 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1744 I NA TOTAL Good mt 1 0 0 1 Beans bushels 287 bushels 70 217 0 Corn 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin pounds 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 2382 2382 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 3 3 Peas bushels 0 7 7 0 Plank feet 0 66 66 0 Rum gallons 0 29 29 Spirits gallons 0 0 392 392 0 Staves 0 42543 42543 0 Tobacco hhds 0 7 7 0 Tobacco barrels 0 0 0 0 38 wax pounds 0 38 0 Wheat bushels 45755 74 255 45426 TOTAL 1188 TABLE 527 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1745 Good Onit NA GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 3 0 3 Corn bushels 1100 0 1100 Hoops 0 3814 3814 Indigo barrels 0 I Iron tons 0 556 556 Logs feet 0 40 40 (walnut) Peas bushels 47.5 0 47 .5 Plank pieces 0 50 50 Plank feet 0 1715 1715 Planks 0 106 106 Pork pounds 68 0 68 Rum gallons 109 120 229 Skins cases 0 12 12 Skins bundles 0 4 4 Skins casks 0 1 I Skins hhds 0 1 Skins chests 0 2 2 Staves 0 255059 255059 Tobacco barrel s 0 5 5 Tobacco hhds 0 13968 13968 Walnut tons 0 3 3 logs Wax pounds 0 4400 4400 Wheat bushels 98 0 98 I 189 TABLE 528 VALUEOfGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1745 OTA[ G mt ..":o::o.d. .-- 0 0 0 Beans bushels 0 53 Corn bushels 53 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Indigo barrels 0 2545 2545 Iron tons 0 0 0 Logs feet (walnut) 2 0 2 Peas bushels 0 1 1 Plank pieces 0 2 2 Plank feet 0 1 Planks 1 0 I Pork pounds 8 9 17 Rum gallons 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 0 Skins bundles 0 0 0 Skins casks 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 Skins chests 428 428 0 Staves 8 0 8 Tobacco barrels 0 45398 45398 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 Walnut tons Jogs 0 0 0 Wax pounds 7 7 0 Wheat bushels 71 48392 48463 TOTAL 1190 TABLE 529 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT , 1746 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 193 0 193 Corn bushels 1913 7898 0 9811 Deer Skin chests 0 0 6 6 Deer Skins 0 22 0 22 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 l 1 Deer Skins cases 0 0 10 10 Hoops 0 0 1644 1644 Peas bushels 0 8 0 8 Pig iron tons 0 0 317 317 Plank feet 0 0 3137 3137 Planks M 0 0 30 30 Pork barrels 0 4 0 4 Rum gallons 0 380 533 913 Shingles 20000 0 26589 46589 Staves 0 0 116680 116680 Tobacco barrels 0 0 3 3 Tobacco hhds 0 0 9034 9034 Wheat bushels 0 714 0 714 1191 TABLE 530 ROM LUE OF GOODS EXPORTED F VA CK DISTRICT, 1746 RAPPAHANNO NA GB TOTA[ WI Gooa Unit 10 0 10 eans bushe ls 0 B 497 shels 97 400 0 Corn bu 0 0 0 sts 0 Deer Skin che 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins bundl es 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins cases 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Peas bus hels 0 0 114 6 1146 Pig iron tons 0 6 6 0 4 Plank feet 0 0 54 5 Planks M 0 6 0 6 s rk barre l 32 45 77 Po ns 0 Rum gal lo 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 2 65 265 Staves 0 0 6 6 Tobacco ba rrels 0 34389 34389 0 Tobacco hhd s 57 0 57 shels 0 Wheat bu 505 35911 36513 97 TOTAL I 192 TABLE 531 ROM TITY OF GOODS EXPORTED F QUAN T, 1749 RAPPAHANNO CK DISTRIC TA[ Onit WI 'i-JA 'GB TO Good 0 154 0 15 4 Beans bush els 2420 0 4831 rn bushels 2411 Co 0 2160 9160 7000 Hoops 2 s 2 0 0 Linen bale 0 200 200 ogs feet 0 L (walnut) 17 0 0 17 Logs (walnut) 0 32 0 32 as bush els e 0 241.5 241 .5 P 0 Pig iron tons 0 40 10406 1 0446 Plank fee t 0 200 0 200 Pork po unds 0 0 72 72 Rum ga ilons 8 0 0 8 ses 5 Skins ca 5 0 0 Skins keg s 8300 0 2 61090 269390 Staves 1 0 1278 1 12782 15 Tobacco hh ds 0 0 15 Wheat b ushels 1193 TABLE 532 OM LUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FR VA DISTRICT, 1749 APPAHANNOCKR Ar nit WI NA GB TOT Good U 0 12 0 1 2 Beans bushe ls 85 186 0 37 1 s 1 Corn bush el 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Linen bales 0 et 0 0 0 Logs fe (walnut) 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 2 0 2 Peas bus hels 0 60 0 0 60 Pig iron tons 0 26 26 0 Plank feet 702 unds 0 702 0 Pork po 0 8 8 ns 0 Rum gal lo 0 0 0 0 kins case s S 0 0 0 s 0 5 Skins keg 25 0 800 82 Staves 0 63568 635 73 5 2 Tobacco hhd s ls 0 2 0 Wheat bus he 215 904 644 62 65581 TOTAL 1194 TABLE 533 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1750 TOTAL Good mt 15 0 56 71 Beans bushels 0 9200 0 1800 14955 Corn bushels 3955 0 1 0 1 0 Cotton bags 0 500 0 500 0 Cotton pounds 0 1 0 0 1 Deer Skins casks 0 23 0 23 0 Deer Skins cases 0 2 0 2 0 Furs hhds 0 36 0 0 36 Handspikes 7000 0 2600 0 9600 Heading 240 0 2972 0 3212 Hoops 0 128 0 128 Iron tons 0 0 4 0 4 0 Linen boxes 0 40 0 40 0 Logs feet (walnut) 15 0 0 15 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 141 0 141 Pig iron tons 0 18 0 18 Plank pieces 0 0 0 26910 250 27160 Plank feet 2500 0 0 2500 Pork pounds 0 0 2 0 2 0 Rum hhds 0 1 0 1 0 casks 0 0 0 11803 Rum 11803 0 1 Shingles 0 0 hhds 0 15 0 15 Skins 0 Skins cases 0 818638 0 818638 0 0 15974 Staves 2 159720 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 100 100 poun w da sx 12 0 1700 1712 0 Wheat bushels 1195 TABLE 534 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1750 TOTAL Good nit 0 1 0 4 5 Beans bushels 135 1122 29 7 690 0 Corn bushels 0 0 7 0 7 Cotton bags 0 0 28 0 28 Cotton pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins cases 0 0 0 0 0 furs hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 34 25 0 9 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 660 0 660 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 0 Linen boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Logs feet (walnut) 0 0 00 0 Logs 0 727 (walnut) 0 0 727 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 1 1 Plank pieces 0 0 75 1 76 Plank feet 0 23 0 23 0 Pork pounds 0 0 21 0 21 Rum hhds 0 0 3 0 3 Rum casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Skins hhdS 0 0 0 0 2870 Skins cases 0 0 2870 Staves 0 12 93622 0 93634 0 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 pounds 0 00 wax 0 0 Wheat bushels 726 98023 140 99211 322 TOTAL l l 96 TABLE 535 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1751 TOTAL Good mt 4000 0 0 0 4000 Biscuits pounds 1450 0 1000 8384 Corn bushels 5934 0 0 700 0 700 Deer Skins 0 2 0 2 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 1 Deer Skins casks 0 0 4 0 4 Deer Skins cases 1000 0 96 0 1096 Heading 0 3472 0 3472 0 H 0 oops 0 0 12 12 Linen pieces 0 190 0 190 0 Logs feet (walnut) 0 4 0 4 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 0 70 70 Oats bushels 0 0 243 0 243 Pig iron tons 0 9566 0 11566 2000 Plank 0 500 0 500 feet 0 Planks 18 0 0 0 18 barrels 0 5 0 5 Pork 0 Rum barrels 0 40 0 0 40 gallons 0 2 0 2 Rum 0 Rum hhds 0 0 0 27800 27800 0 332478 Shingles 0 325278 7200 0 13257 0 13257 Staves 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 250 250 Tobacco pounds 1 0 0 0 1 wax barrels 1700 1700 0 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 0 0 Wine pipes 1197 TABLE 536 VALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1751 TOTAL WI Good nit 0 0 15 pounds 15 0 688 Biscuits 487 119 0 82 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins casks 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins cases 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Linen pieces 0 0 0 0 0 Logs feet (walnut) 0 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 6 (walnut) 0 0 6 bushels 1193 0 1193 Oats 0 0 tons 0 21 0 25 Pig iron 4 11 Plank feet 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 37 Planks 37 barrels 15 0 15 Pork 0 0 barrels 0 0 4 Rum 0 4 gallons 22 0 22 Rum 0 0 hhds 0 0 0 Rum 0 0 892 0 912 Shingles 20 0 79261 0 79261 Staves 0 0 0 0 1 Tobacco hbds 1 0 0 Tobacco pounds 0 0 0 0 214 barrels 0 214 wax 0 0 18 bushels 18 0 Wheat 0 0 Wine pipes 296 82425 573 123 81433 TOTAL l 198 TABLE 537 GOODS EXPORTED FRO M QUANTITY OF RAPPAHANNOCK DISTR ICT, 1752 GB TOTAL Good Unit WI NA 0 20 Bread barrels 20 0 4 0 0 64 Bread fir kins 6 4585 3707 0 182 92 Corn bushels 1 0 33 33 Deer Skins 0 0 ] 1 Deer Skins cases 0 0 115 Flour barrels 115 0 ps 0 0 3696 3696 Hoo 0 0 110 11 0 Logs feet (walnut) 0 0 4 4 Logs (walnut) 0 2 Peas casks 2 0 50 0 0 50 Peas bushels 0 0 348.25 34 8.25 Pig iron tons 0 10689 10689 Plank feet 0 540 s 0 0 2540 2 Plank 0 60 Pork barrels 60 0 0 0 2 2 Rum casks 3 6 9 Rum hhds 0 300 0 0 35300 Shingles 3 5 0 ] 1 Skins hhds 0 6471 0 0 366471 3 6 Staves 8 15617 15625 0 Tobacco hhds 0 416 Tobacco pounds 416 0 7 0 87 Wheat bushels 0 8 0 ] ] 0 Wine hhds 3 0 0 3 Wine pipes 1199 TABLE 538 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT , 1752 Good Onit Wi NA GB TOTA[ Bread barrels 23 0 0 23 Bread firkins 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 1119 284 0 1403 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins cases 0 0 0 0 Flour barrels 81 0 0 81 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Logs 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Peas casks 1 0 0 1 Peas bushels 4 0 0 4 Pig iron tons 0 0 1757 1757 Plank feet 0 0 22 22 Planks 0 0 52 52 Pork barrels 130 0 0 130 Rum casks 0 0 6 6 Rum hhds 0 30 61 91 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 0 936 936 Tobacco hhds 0 49 95552 95601 Tobacco pounds 2 0 0 2 Wheat bushels 0 11 0 11 Wine hhds 0 0 9 9 Wine pipes 0 0 54 54 TOTAL 1360 374 98449 100183 1200 TABLE 539 QUA NTITY OF G R OA OP DP SA H EA XN PON RO TC EK D D FI RST OR MI CT, 1754 AL n it WI Bean bus 0 90 0 1s h 88 .5 278 .5 e ls Cheese c 0 1a sk s 0 1 0 8 C 55o b 0rn u s 5h 0e 2l 3s 23022 .5 !8664 0 6 .5 Deer Skin 1 ch 0 0 1 0 ests Handspikes 0 0 96 0 96 Heading 0 0 1000 0 1000 Hoo 100 2808 0 3p 8s 0 0 0 8 Iron 3 to 0 0n s 0 0 30 Logs 0 0 12 0 12 Logs fee 0 0 62 0 62 t Logs fee 0 0 60 0 60 t (walnut) Peas bushe 40 65 0 13 118 ls Pig i 4ron tons 0 0 432.75 0 32 .75 Plank pieces 0 0 40 0 40 Plank feet 160 0 7949 0 8109 Planks 0 0 797 0 797 Pork barrels 0 15 0 0 15 Rum barrels 0 0 1 0 I Rum hhds 0 4 5 426 0 31 Rum tierces 0 0 I 0 I Shingles 2000 0 14000 0 16000 Staves !500 0 286700 0 288200 Tobacco hhds 2 0 12412 0 12414 Wheat bushels 6 104 0 0 110 Wine pipes 8 1.5 0 0 9.5 120 1 T;\ 131,E 540 VA LUC or GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPP/\11/\NNOCK DISTRICT, 1754 Good Unit WI NA GB :SEO TOTA[ Beans bushels () 6 0 13 19 Cheese casks 0 0 0 0 0 Corn bushels 1600 1297 0 594 3491 Deer Skin ches ts 0 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 Heading 0 0 3 0 3 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Iron to ns 0 0 137 0 137 Logs 0 0 0 0 0 Logs fee t 0 0 0 0 0 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 0 (wa lnut) Peas bushels --, .l s 0 I 9 Pig iron tons 0 0 1972 0 1972 Plank pieces 0 0 1 0 I Plank feet 0 0 19 0 19 Planks 0 0 19 0 19 Pork barrels 0 27 0 0 27 Rum barrels 0 0 3 0 3 Rum hhcl s 0 50 4278 0 4328 Rum ti erces 0 0 3 0 3 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 Staves 4 0 838 0 842 Tobacco hhds 11 0 69830 0 6984 1 Wheat bushels 14 0 0 IS Wine pipes 138 26 0 0 164 TOTAL 1757 1-115 77 103 608 80893 1202 TABLE 541 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1755 Good U111t WI J\JA GB SEO TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 20 700 40 760 Corn bushels 5172.5 7100 0 9915 22187.5 Cotton casks 0 0 I 0 1 Cotton bags 0 0 2 0 2 Deer Skin chests 0 0 8 0 8 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 I 0 I Deer Skins 0 0 1327 0 1327 Ginger bags 0 0 20 0 20 Handspikes 0 0 180 0 180 Heading 0 0 1500 0 1500 Hoops 0 0 2772 0 2772 Logs 0 0 155 0 155 (walnut) Peas bushels 62 0 0 20 82 Pig iron tons 0 0 410 0 410 Plank feet 0 50 15816 3000 18866 Planks 0 0 680 0 680 Rum gallons 0 0 339.5 0 339.5 Rum hhds 0 2.5 6 3 11 .5 Salt bushels 0 100 0 0 100 Shingles 0 5000 0 0 5000 Staves 0 0 169590 0 169590 Staves 940 14465 266910 0 282315 (hhds) Tobacco hhds 0 1 12416 0 12417 Tobacco barrels 1 0 I 0 2 Turpentine barrels 0 0 20 0 20 Wheat bushels 0 10 0 0 10 1203 TABLE 542 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1755 OTAL Good 45 3 49 0 l Beans bushels 0 634 1419 331 454 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 10 Cotton casks 0 10 0 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skin chests 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins bundles 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 0 4 Handspikes 0 0 4 0 0 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Logs 0 1 5 (walnut) 4 0 0 1793 Peas bushels 1793 0 0 34 6 40 Pig iron tons 0 0 15 0 15 Plank feet 0 0 29 0 29 Planks 0 0 27 102 Rum gallons 22 53 0 4 0 0 4 Rum hhds 0 0 0 Salt bushels 0 0 0 459 0 459 Shingles 0 0 723 0 765 Staves 3 39 Staves 53734 4 53730 0 (hhds) 0 4 0 2 0 Tobacco hhds 2 0 9 Tobacco barrels 0 9 0 1 0 0 Turpentine barrels 0 Wheat bushels 58442 525 56906 671 340 TOTAL 1204 TABLE 543 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1758 ~ ~ _A_ _. :=.=-_:..::.~T_:A__ ~[ 0 330 Beans bushels O 330 0 15949 Corn bushels 4345 11604 4 4 250 250 Cotton bags O 0 276 Cotton pounds O 0 276 506 Handspikes O 0 506 24 Hoops O 0 24 Indigo casks O 0 1147 1147 30 Indigo pounds O 0 30 Logs feet O 0 296 296 Logs O 0 0 300 300 (walnut) 0 0 693 693 Pig iron pounds 0 10 4605.5 4615.5 Pig iron tons 0 489 489 0 Plank feet 0 25 pounds 25 0 Pork 0 342 barrels 222 120 Pork 0 20 gallons 20 0 Rum 0 20000 bushels 0 0 Rye 20000 0 415022 415022 Shingles 0 0 1840 1840 Staves 0 barrels 0 132 86 13286 1216 Tar 0 hhdS 1195 21 Tobacco 0 3 bushels 0 3 Wheat 0 pipes Wine 1205 TABLE 544 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1758 Good Unit WI NA GB TOTA[ Beans bushels 0 20 0 20 Corn bushels 265 708 0 973 Cotton bags 0 0 21 21 Cotton pounds 0 0 11 11 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 0 0 338 338 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 0 0 (walnut) Pig iron pounds 0 0 1 1 Pig iron tons 0 0 3343 3343 Plank feet 0 0 13 13 Pork pounds 0 5 0 5 Pork barrels 0 47 0 47 Rum gallons 0 26 14 40 Rye bushels 0 1 0 1 Shingles 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 0 1462 1462 Tar barrels 0 0 564 564 Tobacco hhds 0 0 87687 87687 Wheat bushels 0 146 3 149 Wine pipes 0 0 79 79 TOTAL 265 953 93536 94754 1206 TABLE 545 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1760 WI OTAL Good ntt 1 8 9 Bar iron tons 0 0 2 2 Bar iron quarters 0 0 2 2 0 Bar iron cwt 1774 10518 0 12292 Corn bushels 0 0 210 210 Cotton pounds 2 0 0 2 Cotton bags 0 0 20 20 Deer Skins 1 0 0 1 Furs casks 0 180 180 0 Handspikes 0 10 1050 0 5 0 Heading 0 3108 3108 0 Hoops 0 767 767 Indigo pounds 0 1 1 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 30 30 Logs feet 31 657 0 688 Peas bushels 0 950 7 957 Pig iron tons 0 255 255 0 Plank feet 0 65 65 0 Plank pieces 0 0 1371 1371 Planks 0 13 0 13 1050.5 Pork barrels 0 ]050.5 0 1 Rum gallons 1 0 0 16500 Rum hhds 12000 4000 500 522487 Shingles 0 522487 0 19320 Staves 19320 0 0 hhds 0 3 3 Tobacco 0 Turpentine barrels 13 0 19 39 9 9 0 Wheat bushels 1 0 0 Wine pipes 1207 TABLE 546 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1760 w B TOTAL Good mt 21 164 185 0 Bar iron tons 0 0 IO IO Bar iron quarters 0 2 2 0 Bar iron cwt 981 0 1147 166 Corn bushels 9 0 0 9 Cotton pounds 0 IO IO 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Furs casks 0 0 0 0 4 Handspikes 0 0 4 0 Heading 0 0 0 193 Hoops 0 193 0 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 Logs feet 3 61 0 64 bushels 0 6559 6559 Peas 0 1 Pig iron tons 0 1 0 2 Plank feet 0 2 0 37 Plank pieces 0 37 0 28 Planks 28 0 0 barrels 0 157 157 Pork 0 gallons 0 16 16 Rum 0 um hhds 0 0 0 R 0 0 1762 1762 Shingles 0 0 141722 141722 Staves 0 0 1 1 Tobacco hhds 0 225 Turpentine barrels 0 225 0 32 Wheat bushels 0 32 0 Wine pipes }69 1316 150681 152166 TOTAL 1208 TABLE 547 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1761 TA[ Good 0 17275 6405 10870 1 Corn bushels 0 0 1 132 Deer Skins hhds 132 0 0 200 Handspikes 200 0 0 2280 2280 Heading 0 0 1 1 Hoops 0 0 Indigo casks 0 240 240 0 162 162 Indigo pounds 0 0 Logs feet 0 114 (walnut) 0 114 8 8 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 611 Pig iron cwt 0 0 611 1293 1293 Pig iron tons 0 0 100 Plank feet 0 0 100 0 10 Planks 0 10 2 barrels 0 2 Pork 0 2 hhds 2 0 Rum 0 0 22000 bushels 0 Salt 22000 0 24 24 Shingles 0 557910 gallons 0 557910 Spirits 0 0 15721 15725 Staves 4 0 116 Tobacco hhdS 0 l 16 1 bushels 0 1 Wheat 0 pipes Wine 1209 TABLE 548 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORT ED FROM T, 1761 RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRIC B TOTAL Good Unit WI NA G orn bushels 44 9 762 0 1211 C 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 1 1 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 0 53 5 3 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 0 Logs feet (walnut) 8 eans bushels 0 8 0 Peas/b 0 3 3 Pig iron cwt 0 0 0 4012 4012 Pig iron tons 0 5 5 Plank feet 0 0 0 4 4 Planks 21 0 21 Pork barrels 0 0 0 24 24 Rum hhds 0 bushels 0 0 0 Salt 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 3 3 0 Spirits ga llons 0 2755 2755 0 Staves 0 110970 l 10998 28 Tobacco hhds 7 0 17 0 1 Wheat bushels 0 28 28 0 Wine pipes 8 119143 477 808 1178 5 TOTAL 1210 TABLE 549 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1762 2 9 11 0 0 31364 Bar iron tons shels 417 2 27192 6 6 Corn bu 0 0 bags 0 1 1 Cotton 0 2 2 Deer Skins cases 0 0 252 252 Furs boxes 0 0 1440 1440 Handspikes 0 0 30 30 Hoops 0 0 8 8 Logs feet 0 0 Logs feet 0 60 (walnut) 0 60 2 2 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 592.5 626 Pig iron cwt 0 33.5 0 11 11 Pig iron tons 0 15 barrels 15 Pitch 0 0 241 pieces 0 100 141 Plank 0 31 19 Plank feet 12 1 3 barrels 2 Pork 0 15 barrels 2 13 Rum 0 0 10000 hhds 0 Rum 10000 3366 0 3366 0 Shingles 0 3 Ship bread pounds 0 3 521322 b arrels 0 519952 Spirits 1370 1827 1827 0 Staves 0 15697 15697 barrels Tar 0 0 16 16 Tobacco hhdS 0 0 0 102 Turpentine barrels 0 102 2 2 bushels Wheat 0 0 pipes Wine 1211 TABLE 550 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1762 WI NA TOTA[ Good 111t 0 39 174 213 Bar iron tons 0 3096 412 2684 Corn bushels 42 42 0 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins cases 0 0 0 0 Furs boxes 0 0 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 Logs feet 0 0 0 0 Logs feet 6 (walnut) 6 0 0 Peas/beans bushels 0 1 1 0 n cwt 218 3852 4070 Pig iro 0 tons 0 4 4 Pig iron 0 0 1 1 Pitch barrels 0 Plank pieces 0 1 1 0 46 0 75 Plank feet 29 barrels 6 3 9 Pork 0 barrels 23 153 176 Rum 0 m hhds 0 0 O Ru 0 15 0 15 Shingles 0 Ship bread pounds 10 0 10 0 0 2622 2629 Spirits barrels 7 0 520 520 Staves 0 0 107492 107492 Tar barrels 0 0 6 6 Tobacco hhds 0 16 0 16 Turpentine barrels 0 0 58 58 Wheat bushels 0 Wine pipes 448 3063 114929 118440 TOTAL 1212 TABLE 551 DS EXPORT ED FROM TITY OF GOOQUAN DISTRICT, 176 3 RAPPAHANN OCK I NA GB TO TA[ W Good Unit 0 32 2 0 Bread barr els 3 21301 0 26999 698 Corn bus hels 5 2 1 3 0 00 Flour barr els 1600 0 16 r pounds 0 1 Flou 0 0 1 138 Flour cask s 84 54 0 Handspikes 600 600 0 0 0 164 Hoops 0 164 Peas/beans bus hels 1 0 1 530 53 89 89 Pig iron tons 0 0 lank piece s 0 980 980 P 0 59 159 Plank feet 0 0 1 0 Planks 0 660 0 66 k poun ds Por 7 0 11 barrels 4 9 10 Pork 0 1 um hl1d s 0 R 9000 0 0 2900 2 800 hingles 500 1000 334300 335 S ves 9 0 12636 12645 Sta acco hhds 0 64 0 64 Tob s 2 2 Wheat bushel 0 0 Wine p ipes 12!3 TABLE 552 FROM LUE OF GOOD S EXPORTED VA NOCK DISTRI CT, 1763 RAPPAHAN WI NA GB TOTAL Good Unit 0 0 50 50 d barrels 0 2927 Brea 618 2309 Corn bushe ls 2 1 3 0 Flour barre ls 7 0 7 0 r pounds 0 0 0 Flou 0 casks 0 0 Flour 0 0 Handspikes 0 0 0 0 8 Hoops 18 0 1 els 0 757 2762 Peas/beans bush 20 5 Pig iron tons 0 3 3 0 nk pieces 3 3 Pla 0 0 5 5 Plank feet 0 0 8 0 8 Planks 0 Pork pou nds 18 0 28 10 rrels 102 113 Pork ba 0 11 s 0 0 Rum llhd 0 0 12761 12818 Shingles 19 38 0 79821 79 878 Staves 57 0 11 Tobacco hh ds 0 11 els 57 57 Wheat b ush 0 0 pes Wine pi 95510 98691 754 242 7 TOTAL 1214 TABLE 553 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1764 EU TOTAL WI NA Good mt 37 0 39 0 2 32.75 0 32.75 Bar iron tons 0 0 10 Bar iron cwt 0 10 0 0 Beef barrels 0 0 0 4000 4000 0 0 20 Beef pounds 20 0 0 0 4000 Bread casks 3000 3 Bread pounds 1000 0 0 0 3 2855 45337 Bread hhds 23022 19460 0 1 0 1 Corn bushels 0 0 10 0 10 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 2 0 2 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 11 Deer Skins hhds 0 11 50 177 Flaxseed barrels 127 0 0 0 123 Flour casks 0 96 27 566 0 566 Flour barrels 0 0 0 9572 1] 50 8422 Handspikes 0 8 0 2280 Hemp pounds 46 1812 0 13 0 13 Hoops 0 0 27 27 0 Logs 0 0 Logs 0 0 9 (walnut) 0 9 0 75 0 Negroes 0 75 0 95 shels 0 Oats bu 80 15 0 808 ushels Peas b 550 258 0 10 0 16 Peas/beans bushels 6 0 0 543 541 Pig iron cwt 2 0 0 12067 4653 Pig iron rons 6000 1414 2634 feet 0 2634 0 Plank 0 0 7 7 0 Planks 0 0 0 40 ls 0 Pork barre 40 0 30 bushels 1 5 24 Potatoes 1 0 0 J,I,ds Rum 0 1 0 0 50 barrels 0 so 48100 Rum 0 0 bushels 2000 00 0 2 Salt 461 2 0 Shingles 0 Spirits kegs -- - 1215 A[" NA G B SEU TOT WI Good 'Ornt 4786 940 378 226 36 5600 6900 0 0 2 Staves 2 ls 0 0 0 106 Sugar barre 6 0 41 Tar barre ls 10 13134 0 13 1 3 4 hhds 120 0 120 Tobacco 0 ds 0 0 0 304 4 Wax poun els 0 3044 at bush 1 1 0 2 Whe s 0 4 0 5 Wine barr el 0 1 1 ine pipes 1 0 W 0 0 Wine hhd s - 1216 TABLE 554 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1764 EU TOTAL Good rnt 546 0 576 0 30 0 24 Bar iron tons 0 0 24 347 347 Bar iron cwt 0 0 0 62 Beef barrels 62 0 0 0 0 0 Beef pounds 0 0 0 24 Bread casks 6 18 0 0 0 7 Bread pounds 0 7 0 0 226 3593 Bread hhds 1825 1542 0 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 33 117 Flaxseed barrels 0 0 84 0 82 Flour casks 0 64 18 0 0 0 Flour barrels 0 0 112 0 127 Handspikes 0 15 0 0 Hemp pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 Logs 0 313 (walnut) 0 313 0 6 0 0 6 Negroes 0 0 7 Oats bushels 1 0 6 0 64 Peas bushels 44 20 0 0 3 Peas/beans bushels 0 2 1 2670 0 2660 0 Pig iron cwt IO 31 4 12 0 Pig iron tons 15 66 0 66 0 Plank feet 0 0 20 20 0 Planks 0 0 0 barrels 0 0 Pork 0 0 298 bushels 50 238 Potatoes 10 0 3 hhds 3 0 Rum 0 0 3 barrels 3 0 Rum 0 0 0 bushels 0 0 Salt 0 3 0 0 3 Shingles 0 Spirits kegs 1217 GB SEU TOTAL wr NA Gooa Unit 22 1140 3 1182 17 Staves 8 0 0 8 0 38 Sugar barrels 38 0 0 0 Tar barrels 23 75085 0 75125 17 0 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 Wax pounds 0 405 0 0 405 0 Wheat bushels 7 7 0 14 0 0 146 Wine barrel s 117 es 0 29 15 0 15 Wine pip 0 0 Wine hhds 0024 609 85379 8 2206 2540 TOTAL 1218 TABLE 555 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1765 Good Unit wr NA GB SEU TOTAL Bar iron cwt 0 0 692 0 692 Bar iron pounds 0 0 44 0 44 Bar iron quarters 0 0 5 0 5 Bread hhds 5 0 0 0 5 Bread barrels 8 0 0 0 8 Cheese pounds 0 500 0 0 500 Chocolate pounds 0 270 0 0 270 Corn bushels 20197 35563 0 3117 58877 Cotton pounds 0 76 0 0 76 Deer Skin chests 0 0 2 0 2 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 1 0 1 Flour barrels 0 38 0 161 199 Handspikes 0 0 950 0 950 Hemp quarters 0 0 5 0 5 Hemp tons 0 0 3 0 3 Hemp pounds 0 25 24 0 49 Hemp cwt 0 29 86 0 115 Hoops 0 0 2004 0 2004 Logs 0 0 32 0 32 Logs 0 0 65 0 65 (walnut) Peas bushels 458 166 0 57 681 Peas/beans bushels 0 136 0 0 136 Pig iron tons 0 0 563.5 0 563.5 Pig iron cwt 0 0 JO 0 JO Plank feet 0 0 5222 0 5222 Plank M feet 0 6 0 0 6 Plank pieces 0 0 110 0 110 Planks 0 0 7 0 7 Pork barrels 66 9 0 0 75 Pork pounds 0 600 0 0 600 Rum barrels 0 7 0 0 7 Rum hhds 0 6 18 0 24 Shingles 97100 2000 28000 0 127100 Skins cases 0 0 2 0 2 1219 B :SE'O TOTAr G WI NA Good Unit 5700 900 363 600 35 1800 5200 0 6 Staves 0 6 r barrels 0 1 1 0 0 Ta 0 3 0 12007 rs Tea cani ste 4 0 1200 2 3279.5 Tobacco hhd s 7 0 1307.5 0 19 Wheat bush els 1220 TABLE 556 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1765 TAL Good nit 0 537 0 537 0 0 Bar iron cwt 0 0 0 Bar iron pounds 0 0 1 0 1 Bar iron quarters 0 0 0 13 hhds 13 0 0 0 0 10 Bread barrels 10 0 0 0 Bread 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 276 5215 3150 Corn bush 4 el 1789 0 0 s 4 Cotton poun 0 d s 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Sk 0i n chests 0 0 0 0 114 141 Deer Skins boxes 0 27 0 Flour barrels 0 0 0 0 0 2 Handspikes 0 0 2 105 0 105 Hemp quarters 0 0 0 Hemp tons 0 0 0 0 151 0 202 Hemp pounds 0 51 0 0 Hemp cwt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 Logs 0 5 61 (walnut) 41 15 0 12 b P ue sa hs e ls 0 12 0 0 2915 Peas/bean 2s 9 b 1u 5 shels 0 0 0 3 Pig iron tons 0 0 3 17 0 17 Pig iron cwt 0 0 0 19 Plank feet 0 19 0 0 4 M feet 0 4 Plank 0 pieces 0 0 0 0 Plank 0 0 293 258 35 0 Planks 0 12 barrels 12 0 Pork 0 0 0 18 pounds 18 Pork 0 0 224 barrels 56 168 Rum 0 0 0 0 Rum h hds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 c S ak sein s s 1221 Good Unit WI NA GB SEO TOTAL Staves 7 21 1432 4 1464 Tar barrels 0 0 2 0 2 Tea canisters 0 0 0 0 0 Tobacco hhds 24 0 71087 0 71111 Wheat bushels 0 181 0 273 454 TOTAL 2142 3601 76424 672 82839 1222 TABLE 557 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1766 73.5 0 73.5 0 0 0 3 Bar iron tons 3 0 0 0 8 Bar iron cwt 0 0 8 Bar iron pounds 0 2 0 0 2 0 300 Bar iron quarters 300 0 pounds 0 0 400 Cheese 400 0 Coffee pounds 0 16917 0 2281 37770 bus ]8572 0 0 1h 6e 8ls Corn 0 168 0 24 Cotton pounds 0 0 24 casks 26 100 186 Flaxseed 0 60 4 Flour barrels 0 0 4 0 0 0 1300 Flour casks 0 1300 0 1 Flour pounds 1 0 0 Furs and casks 32 0 48 skins 0 16 43 0 75 Hemp pounds 0 32 0 28 Hemp cwt 0 13 15 5 0 8 Hemp tons 0 3 960 0 1460 quarters Hemp 500 0 20 606 0 Hoops 342 244 0 15 bushels 0 Peas 0 15 9 pounds 9 0 0 Pig iron 0 387.5 0 390.5 Pig iron cwt 0 3 0 1 0 Pig iron rans 0 1 257 6293 Pig q uir ao rtn e rs 0 600 5436 40 100 Plank feet 0 60 0 0 2 barrels 0 0 2 Pork 0 0 37200 Rum hhds 36900 300 0 1 0 1 Shingles 0 1 bundles 1 0 0 Skins 0 12 0 12 boxes 0 Skins 0 0 1 1 Sk cin as s es 0 0 0 1 0 Skins hhdS 0 1 2200 349800 barrels 4850 329200 Spirits 13550 10204 0 10227 5 Staves 18 Tobacco hhds 1223 NA GB SEU T DTA[ WI Gooa Unit 16273 17169. 5 896.5 00 Whea t bushel s 5 0 0 5 0 3 Wine qtr cas ks 0 0 3 Wine pipes 0 0 0 4 0 4 Wine hhds 1224 TABLE 558 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1766 Good 111t WI 0 1161 0 0 1161 0 2 Bar iron tons 0 0 2 0 0 Bar iron cwt 0 0 Bar iron pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bar iron quarters 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 230 3813 Coffee pounds 0 1875 1708 0 0 10 Corn bushels 0 10 0 Cotton pounds 0 0 0 0 81 151 Flaxseed casks 0 49 21 3 0 0 Flour barrels 3 0 0 5 0 Flour casks 0 5 0 flour pounds 0 0 0 0 Furs and casks 0 0 0 skins 0 0 0 14 Hemp pounds 0 6 8 0 99 cwt 46 53 Hemp 0 0 0 tons 0 0 Hemp 0 0 0 Hemp quarters 0 0 0 0 2 62 Hoops 35 25 0 0 0 Peas bushels 0 0 0 0 2 Pig iron pounds 0 2 2059 2043 0 Pig iron cwt 0 16 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 175 8 202 Pig iron quarters 0 19 236 feet 0 0 94 Plank 142 0 19 barrels 0 0 19 Pork 0 0 0 0 Rum hhdS 0 0 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 bU11dles 0 0 Skins 0 0 0 0 Skins boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skins cases 0 0 0 3 bhds 0 3 Skins 1409 barrels 20 1325 9 Spirits 55 70740 35 70580 0 Staves 125 Tobacco hhds 1225 Good Onit WI NA GB SEO TOTAL Wheat bushels 0 158 0 2861 3019 Wine qtr casks 0 38 0 0 38 Wine pipes 0 90 0 0 90 Wine hhds 0 60 0 0 60 TOTA L 2235 2290 75387 3285 83 197 1226 TABLE 559 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1768 TA[ Good mt 31 0 113 70 12 99 Bar iron cwt 32 0 0 Bar iron pounds 67 7 0 13 6 0 0 71 Bar iron quarters 4 64 3 1846 Bar iron tons 307 192 492 Bread and barrels 855 flour 0 102 0 102 0 hhds 14395 816Corn 9 3 2 80 0 16660 bushels 41383 0 8 Corn 0 8 0 0 2 Cotton bags 2 0 0 0 10 0 10 Flaxseed barrels 0 0 3 Flaxseed casks 3 0 0 0 48 Flaxseed tierces 0 48 0 0 13 Handspikes 0 13 0 0 126 Hemp quarters 30 96 0 0 70 Hemp cwt 0 70 0 0 144 Hemp pounds 54 90 0 0 8460 Hemp tons 0 1560 6900 0 2 0 2 Hoops 0 0 2 2 0 Logs 0 0 1670 Molasses hhds 60 0 1610 0 15 bushels P 0 0 eas 15 0 22 Peas barrels 0 0 22 90 1385 Peas bags 230 0 1065 0 280.5 0 28 P 0.e 5a s/beans bushels 0 0 26520 0 23220 Pig iron tons 3300 0 295 0 0 Plank feet 295 0 213 pounds 2 2 Pork 209 0 8 barrels 1 7 Pork 0 5000 46600 Rum hhds 1400 0 40200 0 2 0 2 Shingles 0 0 7 Skins boxes 0 7 0 7500 331700 700 296100 Skins cases 27400 0 9 9 0 Staves 0 0 10115 barrels 2 10104 Sugar 9 Tobacco hhds 1227 Gooa Unit WT NA GB SEU TOTAL Wax pounds 0 0 0 136 136 Wheat bushels 0 3204 0 50 3254 Wine qtr casks 0 0 1 0 1 1228 TABLE 560 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1768 G__o_od_ _~ U~n~1t __ ___J-K-A_ _. =.=..- ~~_!_T~O!...!.:T_A!_ \LL 22 0 81 50 9 0 0 o Bar iron cwt 0 0 1 0 2 Bar iron pounds 1 0 9ll 0 1011 Bar iron quarters 43 57 174 445 1671 Bar iron tons 774 278 Bread and barrels 0 55 0 55 flour 0 hhds 710 1285 1110 6297 Corn 3192 0 49 Corn bushels 0 0 49 0 Cotton bags 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed casks 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed tierces 0 0 0 4 0 4 Handspikes 0 0 0 160 Hemp quarters 38 122 0 1 0 1 Hemp cwt 0 0 0 3670 Hemp pounds 1376 2294 0 0 0 0 0 Hemp tons 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 0 11 Logs 0 11 0 129 Molasses hhds 124 5 0 4 bushels 0 0 0 Peas 4 0 0 0 Peas barrels 0 0 0 7 107 Peas bags 82 18 1380 0 1380 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 60 0 69 0 Pig iron tons 9 3 0 0 Plank feet 3 0 4 0 469 pounds 4 Pork 461 0 85 barrels 11 74 Pork 0 0 0 hhds 0 0 0 Rum 0 0 0 Shingles 0 0 0 0 0 boxes 0 Skins 0 958 24 1073 cases 89 2 Skins 0 0 38 38 Staves 0 72610 0 72689 barrels 14 Sugar 65 Tobacco hhds 1229 B SEO TOTA[ G WI NA Good Unit 0 0 0 0 ax pound s 0 0 9 616 W ls 0 607 bushe 0 7 0 7 Wheat 0 Wine qtr c asks 80011 1595 896 81 4897 3178 TOTAL 1230 TABLE 561 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1769 OTAL Good mt WI NA 26 0 0 60 Bar iron cwt 0 34 0 100 Bar iron 4 13 83 0 tons 0 7 13 0 0 20 Bar iron pounds 3 0 0 5 Bar iron quarters 0 2 0 0 0 30 Bread 0 cwt 30 500 1050 545 5001 Bread and barrels 1131 1775 flour 1 0 1 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 19453 87721 Corn bushels 44982 23286 0 0 0 144 0 144 0 Deer Skins 46 0 0 0 46 0 Flaxseed casks 0 0 10 0 10 0 Flaxseed barrels 0 300 0 0 300 0 Handspikes 0 67 13 0 0 80 Hemp tons 0 6 2 0 0 8 Hemp quarters 0 97 0 63 34 0 Hemp pounds 0 39 7 0 0 46 Hemp cwt 0 0 1620 720 0 900 Hoops 0 0 1 0 0 l Indigo casks 0 40 0 0 40 0 Iron tons 0 0 2 0 0 2 Logs 0 0 0 1 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 861 689 172 0 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 315.75 0 0 315.75 Pig iron tons 0 3000 6550 0 180 3370 Plank feet 0 0 40 40 0 pounds 0 0 0 2 Pork 2 0 0 0 0 11 Pork barrels 0 3 8 hhds 0 0 179 Rum 179 0 Rye bushels 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 14000 66300 Salt bushels 0 52300 0 0 0 1 Shingles 0 0 1 0 9000 64210 Skins boxes 0 40700 14510 0 0 231530 Staves 0 5630 225900 Staves and 123 1 GB lRE SE U TOTA[ l'JA Gooa Umt WI 0 0 2 heading 0 2 0 0 0 l Sugar barrels 1 0 0 box 10441 0 0 10441 Tea 0 7933 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 6014 0 1919 0 0 5 Wheat bushel s 5 0 1 Wine qtr ca sks 0 1 0 00 Wine pipes 0 1232 TABLE 562 YALUEOFGOODSEXPORTEDFROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1769 OTAL ~ Gooa mt 0 0 44 0 25 19 0 1482 Bar iron cwt 193 1230 0 59 0 0 Bar iron tons 0 0 0 0 pounds 1 0 0 1 Bar iron 0 0 0 0 24 Bar iron quarters 0 0 24 895 464 4262 Bread cwt 964 1513 426 Bread and barrels 0 0 0 0 flour 0 0 0 1728 7794 Chocolate boxes 0 0 ls 399 7 2069 0 0 0 Corn bushe 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed casks 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flaxseed barrels 0 0 0 0 0 2346 381 Handspikes 0 1965 0 0 3 Hemp tons 0 2 1 0 0 1 Hemp quarters 1 0 0 67 0 pounds 57 10 0 0 Hemp 0 0 0 0 Hemp cwt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 201 Hoops 0 Indigo casks 201 0 0 0 0 0 0 tons 0 0 0 0 Iron 0 0 0 Logs 0 0 76 Logs 0 (walnut) 15 0 61 1587 0 0 1587 17 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 0 8 tons 0 9 1 Pig iron 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 Plank feet 0 0 0 pounds 0 Pork 5 88 0 0 121 barrels 33 0 0 16 Pork 0 0 ds 16 0 1 Rum hh 0 1 0 0 bushels 0 0 0 Rye 0 0 bushels 0 0 0 0 Salt 0 0 0 29 205 Shingles 0 130 0 738 Skins boxes 0 0 0 46 720 18 Staves 0 Staves and 1233 IRE SEO TOTA [ NA GB WI Gooa Unit 0 0 10 heading 0 0 IO 0 0 0 0 Sugar barre ls 0 0 0 90722 Tea box 0 90 722 0 0 0 1046 1380 Tobacco hhds 0 els 0 334 0 0 0 38 Wheat bush 38 0 30 e qtr casks 0 30 0 Win 0 0 Wine pipes 5 3275 111172 5 95555 89 5132 631 TOTAL 1234 TABLE 563 QUANTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1771 OTAL Good ntt 0 0 6 2 4 0 19 Bar iron tons 19 0 0 20 Bar iron cwt 0 0 20 0 3561 Bar iron pounds 0 0 0 3561 0 100 4323 Bread pounds 3277 946 Bread and barrels 0 0 330 flour 0 330 Chocolate pounds 17372 0 4814 71285 49099 0 120 Corn bushels 0 0 120 0 2 Cotton pounds 2 0 0 0 3 Flax casks 0 0 3 Furs and cases 0 1 1 skins 0 0 Furs and chests 0 1 skins 0 0 Furs and casks 0 408 0 408 skins 0 0 0 27 Handspikes 0 27 0 0 9.5 Hemp cwt 0 9.5 0 3708 tons 0 0 3708 Hemp 0 0 l 1 Hoops 0 0 1 bundles 1 0 Linen 0 0 0 1 Molasses barrels 0 1 0 3 olasses kegs 0 3 0 M 0 0 0 196 Molasses hhds ]96 0 355 bushels 287 68 0 Oats 0 265 1168 bushels 680 Peas 223 531 531 0 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 1452 0 2920 0 24 Pig iron tons 1468 0 0 4 1 Plank feet 20 1 0 barrels 0 0 12 Pork 12 0 tierces 0 60 Rum 0 0 hhds 0 60 0 0 0 28 Rum bushels 0 28 Rye 0 0 50 hhdS 0 so Salt bushels Salt 1235 Good Onit WI NA GB SEU TDTAL Shingles 82300 1000 5000 1200 89500 Ship bread pounds 0 6000 0 0 6000 Skins chests 0 0 2 0 2 Staves 0 0 16000 0 16000 Sta ves and 15440 2700 371050 0 389190 heading Tobacco hhds 2 0 14076 0 14078 Turpentine casks 0 0 39 0 39 Wax casks 0 0 0 1 I Whea t bushels 0 2057 0 1000 3057 1236 TABLE 564 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1771 OTAL Good 111t 58 0 0 87 29 0 14 Bar iron tons 0 14 0 0 0 Bar iron cwt 0 0 0 0 28 Bar iron pounds 28 0 0 0 94 4076 Bread pounds 892 Bread and barrels 3090 0 0 0 flour 0 0 508 7529 Chocolate pounds 0 5186 1835 0 4 Corn bushels 4 0 0 0 0 Cotton pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Flax casks 0 0 0 Furs and cases 0 0 0 skins 0 0 Furs and chests 0 0 0 skins 0 0 Furs and casks 0 0 skins 0 0 0 0 44 0 Handspikes 0 44 0 0 313 Hemp cwt 0 313 0 0 0 Hemp tons 0 0 0 0 0 s 0 0 Hoop 0 0 2 Linen bundles 0 2 0 1 0 Molasses barrels 0 1 0 0 16 Molasses kegs 0 16 0 0 21 Molasses hhds 21 0 0 0 37 Oats bushels 30 7 0 28 124 Peas bushels 24 72 2564 0 2564 Peas/beans bushels 0 0 5 0 10 0 Pig iron tons 5 0 0 58 10 6 Plank feet 48 6 0 barrels 0 0 0 127 Pork 0 127 tierces Rum 0 0 0 6 hhds 6 9 Rum 0 0 0 bushels 9 2 Rye 0 0 0 hhds 0 2 Salt bushels Salt . ~ 1237 NA GB SEU TO TA[ ood Unit WI G 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 Shingles 25 0 0 Ship bread pou nds 0 0 0 0 0 Skins ches ts 0 6 5 0 65 0 1516 0 1590 Staves 63 11 Staves and 680 0 148701 heading 21 0 14 8 acco hhds 0 17 0 17 Tob 0 0 0 Turpentine cask s 0 0 0 ax casks 0 205 626 W 0 421 heat bush els W 5 166102 8517 3770 152980 83 TOTAL 1238 TABLE 565 S IMPORTED INTO ANTITY OF G OOD QU RICT, 1725 RAPPAHANN OCK DIST AFR SEO T OTA[ mt W I NA Good O 1 1 0 0 Molasses tierce s 0 0 0 7 6 1 72 Molasses hhds 172 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 Negroes 0 6 Rice cwt 0 0 4 4 0 ces 0 0 2 Rum tier 0 barrels 2 0 0 17 Rum s 1 7 0 hhd 500 0 0 500 Rum ls 0 e 0 14 lt bush 1 0Sa ar barrels 13 0 0 72 Sug 72 0 0 20 20 Turpentine barr els 0 0 Wine pipe s 1239 TABLE 566 TED INTO UE OF GOO DS IMPOR VAL CK DISTRIC T, 1725 RAPPAHAN NO A[ 'NA AFR SEU TOT WI Good Unit 3 3 0 0 0 0 37 Molasses tier ces 0 32 5 hds 4114 0 4114 Molasses h 0 0 0 0 4 Negroes 0 4 0 25 Rice cwt 0 25 0 0 0 6 Rum tier ces 6 0 els 0 0 183 Rum barr 183 0 0 48 Rum hhd s 0 0 48 59 bushels 4 0 0 Salt 55 0 76 r barrels Suga 0 76 0 294 rrels 294 0 Turpentine ba 0 0 Wine pip es 294 4849 1 140 4114 30 TOTAL 1240 TABLE 567 IMPORTED INTO UANTITY OF GOODS Q TRICT, 1727 RAPPAHANN OCK DIS NA GB TOT AL Gooa Unit WI 0 0 70 0 7 Ginger poun ds 17 17 s 0 0 2 Linen bale 2 0 lasses tierces 0 o 0 0 10 M 10 casks 0 5 Molasses 0 5 s barrels 0 617 6 17 Molasse 0 1.5 Negroes 0 1.5 0 barrels 0 0 1 0 Rice s 10 0 24 Rum tie rce 0 24 Rum hhd s 9 3 6 0 m barre ls 6 17 45 Ru 22 ks 0 2258 Rum ca s 0 2258 bushels 0 Salt 0 10 0 1 18 Sugar hh ds 0 18 0 ks 38 4 6 Sugar ca s 1 7 s Wine p ipe - 1241 TABLE 568 INTO UE OF GOODS IMPORTED VAL 727 AHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1 RAPP WI NA GB T OTAL Good Onit 0 0 0 nger pound s 0 Gi 0 0 0 0 Linen bale s 0 6 0 6 Molasses tierc es 0 29 29 0 7 Molasses cask s 0 0 7 barrels 14759 14759 Molasses 0 0 0 Negroes 0 0 0 58 Rice barr els 0 ces 5 8 0 tier 242 0 2 42 Rum 0 hhds 0 25 Rum 8 17 barrels 35 99 2 63 Rum 129 ks 0 156 Rum ca s s 0 156 hel 0 127 Salt bu s 0 127 ar hhds 69 Sug 69 0 0 s 521 631 Sugar c ask 14 96 Wine pip es 15379 16372 307 686 TOTAL - 1242 TABLE 569 F GOODS IMPO RTED INTO QUANTITY O ISTRICT, 1730 K D RAPPAHANN OC GB TOTAL WI NA Good Unit 0 50 0 50 se pounds 0 130 13 0 Chee 0 1 Convicts 1 0 0 Molasses tierc es 0 46 35 11 Molasses hJ1ds 84 0 84 0 31 Pig iron tons 0 0 31 barrels 1 Pitch 0 1 0 24 Rice cask s 13 0 m tierces 11 83 Ru 73 10 0 0 19 Rum hhd s 0 19 Rum bar rels 0 50 0 50 13700 Salt /1hd s 0 13700 0 Staves 14 0 14 (barrel) 0 ds 0 4 Sugar hh 0 4 gar casks 0 43 Su 33 10 barrels 20 0 20 Sugar 0 els 0 20 Tar b arr 0 20 31 Tobacco hh ds 0 31 0 1 1 Wine pip es 0 0 Wine hh ds - =-- 1243 TABLE 570 O OF GOODS IM PORTED INT VALUE OCK DISTRICT , 1730 RAPPAHANN A GB TOTAL WT N Good Unit 0 0 0 Cheese poun ds 0 0 1178 1178 0 Convicts 0 3 rces 3 0 35 Molasses tie 0 2 179 56 0 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 15 Pig iron tons 0 ls 0 15 0 Pitch barr e 0 0 casks 0 64 0 118 Rice 4 tierces 5 87 0 720 Rum ds 63 3 hh 5 0 45 Rum 0 4 um barre ls 0 36 R 0 36 Salt hhd s 0 10 0 10 Staves 0 173 (barrel) 0 173 ds 15 Sugar hh 0 15 0 casks 37 0 1 59 Sugar 2 ls 12 0 7 Sugar b arre 0 7 barrels 74 0 74 Tar 0 ds 418 4 18 Tobacco h h 0 0 7 e pipes 7 Win 0 0 Wine h hds 619 1603 3213 991 TOTAL 1244 TABLE 571 ED INTO TITY OF GOO DS IMPORT QUAN ISTRICT, 1731 CK D RAPPAHANN O [ WI NA AF R TOTA Good 'Onit 00 0 700 7 ds 0 400 Cheese poun 0 0 400 30 Cotton poun ds 4 0 26 es tierces 6 0 64 Molass sses hhds 58 0 130 131 Mola 1 16.5 Negroes 0 16.5 0 Pig iron tons 0 79 s 77 2 e 0 39 Rum tierc 29 10 barrels 0 56 Rum 47 9 1830 Rum hhd s 1300 530 0 ushels 0 4000 Salt b 0 4000 Staves 0 0 2 0 (barrel) 0 ar tierces 2 2 Sug 66 6 0 7 rels 0 24 Sugar ba r 24 0 ugar h11ds 0 53 S 0 53 20 r barr els a 0 20 0 T 1 Wine q tr casks 0 1 0 39 Wine hh ds 0 33 6 e pipes Win 1245 TABLE 572 DS IMPORTE D INTO VALUE OF G OO TRICT, 1731 IS RAPPAHAN NOCK D NA AFR TO TAL WI Good Unit 0 0 0 0 pounds 0 15 Cheese 0 ton pounds 15 Cot 11 0 81 70 287 Molasses tier ces 0 260 27 3263 Molasses hhd s 38 25 0 32 groes 0 0 0 Ne 0 408 Pig iron ton s 0 s 398 10 tierce 0 97 Rum 72 25 m barrel s 0 506 Ru 425 81 s 149 Rum hhd 106 43 0 t bushe ls 0 3 Sal 0 3 Staves 0 208 (barrel) es 2 08 0 0 273 Sugar ti erc 0 23 r barrels 25 0 303 Suga 303 0 0 19 Sugar h hds 0 19 67 Tar b arrels 0 67 0 7 qtr ca sks 0 Wine 0 7 0 521 Wine h hds 441 80 Wine p ipes 6207 396 3238 2573 TOTAL --=- ~ .-::::-;-;=- =---= 1246 TABLE 573 DS IMPORTED INTO GOO QUANTITY O F NOCK DISTR ICT, 1733 RAPPAHAN B AFR TOTAL WI NA G Good U111t 0 0 14 ds 0 14 0 6 Molasses hh 0 4 Molasses casks 2 0 194 421 227 0 roes 28 0 49 Neg 16 5 Rum tierces 38 0 131 s 84 9 64 Rum hhd 15 16 33 0 0 Rum barrel s 0 0 271 1000 1710 0 54 Salt bushel s 9 27 18 Sugar barrel s ==:------ 1247 TABLE 574 PORTED INTO DS IM VALUE OF GO O ANNOCK DIS TRICT, 1733 RAPPAH GB AFR TOTA[ WI NA Good Unit 0 0 59 0 59 0 15 Mola sses hhds 5 0 10 Molasses casks 0 0 35 89 7789 4200 0 203 Negroes 66 21 116 es 5 0 948 Rum tierc 65 27 8 um hhds 608 32 66 0 12 R 30 192 Rum barre ls 121 0 0 t bushels 71 82 0 164 Sa l 55 27 Sugar barr els 549 3589 949 8 5035 32 5 TOTAL 1248 TABLE 575 TO OF GOODS IM PORTED IN QUA NTITY DISTRICT, 1 735 APPAHANNO CK R R UNK TOT A[ nit WI NA AF Good U 0 0 109 0 109 0 1400 Cheese poun ds 0 0 0 Clayed pound s 140 0 200 sugar 200 0 s 0 0 2 nd 0 Cotton pou 0 2 919 Molasses hhd s 526 0 3 93 sses gallons 0 0 0 0 16 Mola 16 0 467 Molasses cask s 0 467 0 25 65 Negroes 0 0 40 42 Pitch barr els 0 42 0 0 65 Rum tierc es 0 0 64 1 57 0 0 Rum hhds 54 3 13106 Rum barr els 0 0 0 allons 11 156 195 0 27 Rum g 0 27 0 0 240 2896 Salt hhd s 0 2656 0 3 s 0 Salt bus hel 0 4931 quarters 3 0 0 Sugar 4931 0 0 78 ugar pou nds S 71 7 0 7 s 0 0 Sugar bar rel 7 0 0 7 5 7 ugar cwt 0 50 S 17 17 barrels 0 Tar 0 0 0 1 ls 0 Turpentine barr e 0 Wine pip es 1249 TABLE 576 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1735 AFR u TAL NA Good Unit I 0 0 0 0 0 0 78 Cheese pounds 0 0 78 Clayed pounds 0 6 sugar 0 0 6 0 10 Cotton pounds 10 0 0 hhds 0 20 46 Molasses 0 26 0 48 Molasses gallons 48 0 0 Molasses casks 0 8640 0 8640 0 10 25 Negroes 0 0 15 0 0 179 Pitch barrels 179 0 0 0 484 Rum tierces 477 7 hhds 6 0 0 117 Rum barrels 111 139 0 0 931 Rum 792 10 Rum gallons 10 0 0 0 13 159 Salt hhds 146 0 0 0 0 1 Salt bushels 1 0 0 0 47 Sugar quarters 47 0 0 252 Sugar pounds 0 229 23 0 0 8 Sugar barrels 8 0 0 2 16 Sugar cwt 0 14 10 0 10 Tar barrels 0 0 0 0 13 Turpentine barrels 0 13 Wine pipes 8640 55 11080 1970 415 TOTAL 1250 TABLE 577 ODS IMPORT ED INTO QUANTITY O F GO STRICT, 1736 DI RAPPAHANN OCK WI NA AF R TOTAL Good Unit 0 200 0 200 0 Cheese poun ds 0 0 28 ton pounds 280 39 Cot 39 0 nen pieces 0 12 Li 4 0 8 olasses hhds 0 2 M 2 0 12 Molasses tierc es 0 0 12 510 Molasses cask s 0 10 0 Molasses gallo ns 5 229 236 7 0 15 37 Negroes 22 0 ds 0 41 Rum hh 41 0 tierces 0 2 2 Rum 0 arrels 0 3 Rum b 0 3 s 0 29773 sk Rum ca 8775 99 8 1 Rum ga llons 2 0 1 0 0 alt hhd s 0 704 S 3140 3900 els 0 5756 sh Salt b u 0 ds 37 56 200 poun 3 15 65 Sugar 47 1 ar barre ls 0 1 0 Sug 101 0 s Sugar cask ====-== 1251 TABLE 578 NTO E OF GOODS IMPORTED I VALU DISTRICT, 17 36 PAHANNOCKRAP AFR TOTAL WI NA Good Unit 0 0 O eese pounds 0 0 9 Ch 9 0 Cotton pou nds 0 0 0 0 61 Linen piec es 0 1 20 s 4 6 Molasses hhd 6 0 0 Molasses tierc es 0 37 37 0 26 Molasses cask s 26 0 0 Molasses gall ons 4237 4367 130 0 06 261 Negroes 0 1 155 llds 0 165 Rum h 165 0 tierces 4 Rum 0 0 4 barrels 12 0 12 Rum 0 casks 0 1997 Rum 67 gallons 1930 0 0 Rum 0 0 0 345 hds Salt h s 15 4 191 hel 0 51 s Salt b u 33 18 44 192 Sugar po unds s 1 39 9 barrel 0 0 298 Sugar 298 Sugar c asks 31 317 4391 78 3123 TOTAL 1252 TABLE 579 DS IMPORTED INTO F GOO QUANTITY O TRICT, 1737 RAPPAHANN OCK DIS L NA AFR SEU TOTA WI Good Urnt 0 4 2 2 0 Molasses hhds 0 254 22 0 232 0 21 Negroes 0 21 0 0 1 Pitch barrel s 0 1 0 0 2 Pork barre ls 0 s 0 2 0 2 Rice barre l 2 0 0 04 Rum hJ1ds 0 168 15790 10 14 0 2500 10140 Rum gallon s 0 0 340 25 Salt bush els 730 0 0 25 0 0 0 39 Sugar cask s 7 2 35 ugar barrels 3 35 0 0 S barrels 0 Tar 1253 TABLE 580 INTO UE OF GOOD S IMPORTED VAL OCK DISTRIC T, 1737 RAPPAHANN NA AFR SEU TOTAr Good Unit WI 0 0 18 9 9 0 4699 Molasses hhds 292 407 0 4 0 0 7 Negroes rels 0 7 ch bar 2 0 0 2 Pit 0 0 Pork barre ls 0 0 0 0 0 16 Rice barre ls 0 016 0 1308 Rum hhds 0 1229 79 allons 0 1 27 515 Rum g 17 371 0 0 79 Salt bush els 79 0 122 Sugar casks 0 6 6 0 11 0 9 0 Sugar barr els 0 9 ls Tar barre 92 127 677 5 42 2227 12 9 TOTAL 1254 TABLE 581 MPORTED INTO F GOODS I QUANTITY O DISTRICT , 1738 RAPPAHAN NOCK AFR SEO TO TA[ WI NA ood U111 t G 0 20 0 0 0 200 7 pounds 24 0 0 2 Cheese 3 0 0 15 Molasses h hds 5 0 1 121 0 121 ks Molasses c as 0 0 0 17 egroes 0 17 0 N 0 7408 um hhd s R 33 107 5 0 63 0 1500 3 024 ga IIons Rum 0 152 4 0 4625 shels 0 0 Sa lt b u 825 18 0 2 ds 2 0 0 Suga r p oun 0 2 0 9 s 6 0 ugar hh d 3 0 13 S barrels 0 0 Sugar 13 ine pip es W ~=- ,,~=-- ---- 1255 TABLE 582 S IMPORTED INTO LUE OF GOO D VA 1738 HANNOCK DISTRICT, RAPPA SEU TOTAL AFR WI 'NA Good Un it 0 0 0 0 s 0 36 pound 121 0 0 1 Cheese 15 0 46 Molasses hh ds 0 6 0 3 casks 4 0 3223 0 322 Molasses 0 0 127 Negroes 0 127 0 0 529 hl1ds 7 0 Rum 452 7 83 167 um gallo ns R 0 84 0 0 51 hels 0 Salt bu s s 3 1 20 0 29 gar poun d 9 0 Su 0 2 33 hhds 22 0 0 Sugar 11 0 178 0 Sugar ba rrels 178 0 Wine pi pes 83 4519 3223 733 48 0 TOTAL 1256 TABLE 583 RTED INTO TITY OF GO ODS IMPO QUAN 9 NNOCK DIS TRICT, 173 RAPPAHA OTAL NA AFR UNK T WI Good Un it 0 1 0 1 0 12 s 0 0 Molasses tie rce 0 12 0 156 Molasses hhd s 0 0 156 0 0 203 Negroes 203 0 26 ds 0 4 Rum hh s 2 2 0 1 2 0 Rum tie rce 1 0 ls 0 0 8424 um barreR 4500 392 4 0 3960 ns 0 Rum gal lo 0 3960 0 2 alt bush els 0 0 S 2 0 49 tierces 0 Sugar 48 1 0 77 0 Sugar hh ds 72 5 5 16 rels 1 0 Sugar ba r 0 1 0 1 ine qtr c asks 1 0 W 0 ne pipes Wi 1257 TABLE 584 INTO F GOODS IM PORTED VALUE O TRICT, 1739 RAPPAHAN NOCK DIS UNK TOTA[ wr NA AF R Cooa Um t 0 0 3 0 3 57 rces 0 Molasses tie 0 57 0 0 4156 ds 4156 Mo/asses hh 0 0 0 0 14 63 Negroes 63 0 14 0 16 1 07 Rum hhd s 1 0 2 4 m tierce s 9 Ru 2 0 0 0 578 Rum ba rrels 0 309 26 9 0 198 um gallo ns R 0 198 0 0 20 ls 0 Salt bu she s 2 0 0 0 65 5 ugar tier ce 2 13 0 S 64 0 0 259 ds 17 Sugar hh 242 16 51 rrels 5 0 a 3 Sugar b 0 0 13 ne qtr c asks i 0 13 0 W Wine pi pes 34 7564 56 605 41 2769 TOTAL 1258 TABLE 585 ED INTO NTITY OF GOO DS IMPORT QUA HANNOCK DIS TRICT, 1740 RAPPA L wr 'f-JA AFR TO TA Gooa Unit 0 0 1 800 1800 10 Beeswax pound s 0 10 0 s 500 Cash poun d 500 0 eese pounds 0 0 1 Ch 1 tton pockets 0 0 21 Co 3 18 olasses hhds 0 139 139 M 0 1600 Negroes 0 0 1600 22131 Plank feet 2147 0 984 Rum gaII ons 19 0 1 5 0 15 hhds 716 0 716 Salt 0 hels 0 0 Salt bus 0 0 s 4 0 4 Servant 0 ar barrels 1 0 1 Sug 0 0 17333 Sugar hhd s s 13833 3500 Sugar po und =---=--=--=-- 1259 TABLE 586 GOODS IMPO RTED INTO VALUE OF ICT, 1740 RAPPAHANN OCK DISTR TAL WI NA A FR TO "Gooa Unit 0 0 0 0 Beeswax poun ds 8 0 8 sh pounds 0 0 0 0 Ca ds 0 0 5 Cheese pou n 0 5 pockets 0 106 Cotton 15 91 hhds 3703 370 3 Molasses 0 0 roes 3 0 3 Neg 0 k feet 164 0 1692 Plan ns 1528 0 6 Rum gal lo 0 6 0 42 Salt hh ds 42 bushels 0 0 0 Salt 0 0 14 Servants 0 14 0 s 0 14 Sugar ba rrel 0 14 177 s Sugar hh d 141 36 0 nds Sugar po u 3703 5770 3 1684 38 TOTAL 1259 TABLE 586 O UE OF GOODS I MPORTED INT VA L ICT, 1740 RAPPAHANNOC K DISTR NA AFR TOTAL Good Unit WI 0 0 0 0 Beeswax pounds 8 0 8 0 Cash pounds 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 5 0 5 0 Cotton pocke ts 15 91 0 106 Molasses l1hds 0 3703 3 703 0 Negroes 0 3 0 3 k fee t 164 0 1692 Plan 1528 6 Rum ga llon s 0 0 6 hhds 2 0 42 Sa lt 0 4 Sa lt bush els 0 0 0 0 0 14 Servants 0 14 ar barrels 14 0 14 Sug 0 177 Sugar hl1ds 0 s 141 36 Sugar pou nd 3703 5770 1684 383 TOTA L 1260 TABLE 587 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1741 TA[ Gooa 111t 0 0 0 6 barrels 0 6 0 0 500 Beef 0 0 500 0 40 Cheese pounds 40 0 0 0 0 2 Choco 0la te pounds 0 0 1 Cotton pockets 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 12 Deer Skin parcels 12 0 0 0 0 1 Ginger poun 0 1ds 0 0 200 Linen bale 0 s 0 0 200 0 0 2 Loaf s 0u gar pounds 0 2 0 0 3 Molasses hhds 0 0 3 0 0 0 15 Molasses tierces 15 0 0 0 0 9 Negroes 0 9 0 0 0 20 Pepper pounds 0 20 0 0 0 4 Po barrels 4 0r k 0 0 0 11559 Rice barrels 1379 0 0 2 gallons 10180 2 0 0 Rum 0 0 0 0 4 Rum barrels 0 4 0 0 6 Rum tierces 0 6 0 0 2500 4800 Rum hhds 0 0 230 0 0 0 35 0 Salt bushels 20 0 35 0 hhds 0 20 0 Salt 0 0 0 3 0 Servants 0 3 0 0 52 0 Spirits kegs 49 3 0 0 1 Sugar barrels 0 8 1 0 0 0 Sugar quarters 0 141 8 0 0 0 0 60 Sugar pounds 0 0 141 0 0 Sugar cwt 0 60 Tar barrels 1261 TABLE 588 VA LUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1741 TAL Good nit 0 0 0 8 8 0 0 Beef barrels 0 0 0 0 pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese 0 0 0 10 Chocola 0t e pounds 10 0 0 0 0 0 Cotton pockets 0 0 0 0 0 De 0 0e r Skin parcels 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger pounds 0 0 0 0 0 11 Linen bales 11 0 0 0 0 13 Loaf sugar pounds 0 13 0 0 0 11 Molasses hhds 0 0 11 0 0 400 Molasses tierces 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 Negroes 0 0 0 34 0 Pepper pounds 0 0 0 34 0 0 Pork barrels 0 1171 0 0 0 0 Rice barrels 1031 140 0 0 0 6 Rum gallons 6 0 0 0 24 0 Rum barrels 0 24 0 0 0 64 Rum tierces 64 0 0 199 382 0 0 Rum hhds 0 183 0 0 20 Salt bushels 0 0 20 0 194 hhds 0 194 0 Salt 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 19S 4e rvants 0 Spiri ts kegs 18 I 13 0 0 0 0 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 quarters 0 0 0 176 Sugar 0 0 29 Sugar pounds 0 0 0 176 0 Sugar cwt 0 29 barrels 199 2751 Tar 558 194 0 1800 TOTAL 1262 TABLE 589 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1742 TAL WI Good mt 400 0 0 400 0 20 Beeswax pounds 20 0 0 barrels 0 0 0 150 Bread 0 150 0 0 18 Deer Skin 0 18 Iron tons 7 0 0 28 21 0 320 Molasses hhds 0 320 0 Negroes 100 0 0 100 10 Peas bushe 0 ls 0 0 0 10 109 Pepper pou nds 0 0 0 109 0 0 72 Pitch barrels 0 72 0 600 Pork barrels 0 600 0 0 0 25721 Rice pounds 4706 3000 Rum gallons 21015 0 0 3000 0 bush 0 0 15 Salt els 0 15 0 2 Salt hhds 0 2 0 0 5 0 Spirits barrels 5 0 0 76 0 Sugar hhds 76 0 0 58 Sugar cwt 58 0 0 0 3 Sugar barrels 0 0 3 0 1226 0 Sugar quarters 4 1222 0 6 Sugar pounds 0 0 6 Tar barrels 1263 TA BLE 590 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1742 TA[ Gooa 111t 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 Beeswax pounds 0 0 18 0 Bread barrels 0 0 0 0 0 104 Deer Skin 0 0 104 tons 51 0 0 203 Iron 152 0 8525 Molasses hhds 8525 0 0 0 8 Negroes 0 8 0 0 0 Peas bushels 0 0 0 55 pounds 55 0 0 Pepper 0 0 122 Pitch barrels 0 0 122 0 3 Pork barrels 3 0 0 0 20 9 37 Rice pounds 2400 537 0 262 262 Rum gallons 0 0 0 9 Salt bushels 0 0 9 0 7 Salt hhds 0 0 7 0 77 0 Spi rits barrels 77 0 0 98 Sugar hhds 0 0 98 0 223 0 Sugar cwt 0 223 0 1 0 Sugar barrels 1 0 0 0 14 Sugar quarters 0 14 2 pounds 0 2 0 Sugar 0 Tar barrels 262 12668 930 8525 2951 TOTA L 1264 TABLE 591 ORTED INTO OF GOODS IM P QUANTITY T, 1743 PPAHANNOC K DISTRIC RA SEU TOTA[ it WT NA 1RE Gooa Un 0 0 50 0 50 0 6 Molasses gal lon s 2 4 0 4 Molasses hhds 0 0 4 0 0 0 27610 Negroes 26460 115 0 0 14 Rum gallons 14 0 0 55 Salt hhds 0 0 5 0 7550 Salt tons 5 0 3000 0 4550 0 70 Salt bushels 0 700 0 3 Servants 0 0 3 0 18 ar quarters 0 0 Sug 18 0 4 Sugar pound s 0 0 4 0 249 Sugar barrel s 0 0 24 9 Sugar cwt 1265 TABLE 592 IMPORTED INTO OODS VALUE OF G , 1743 CK DISTRICT RAPPAHAN NO SEU TOT Ar I NA IRE W Good Unit 0 0 3 3 olasses ga llons 0 0 0 36 M 12 24 hhds 0 0 124 Molasses 124 0 0 0 273 0 Negroes 6 114 0 Rum ga llon s 261 0 0 0 0 0 0 Salt hJ1ds 0 0 0 ns 0 19 4 489 Salt to 0 295 0 0 79 0 Salt bushe ls 0 790 0 0 1 Servants 1 0 0 0 0 Suga r quar ters 0 0 0 15 ugar pounds 15 0 S 0 0 303 Sugar barr els 0 0 303 Sugar cwt 194 4491 451 790 3056 TOTAL 1266 TABLE 593 ED INTO TITY OF GOO DS IMPORT QUA N 744 AHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1 RAPP SEU TOTAL AFR WI NA GB Qood Unit 0 850 850 0 0 0 0 0 111 Cheese pounds 111 0 28 Coffee pounds 0 28 0 0 0 0 ounds 0 0 0 12 Indigo p 0 12 0 0 2540 Molasses hhds 000 0 2 20 allons 5 40 0 114 0 1 Mola sses g 6 0 0 0 10335 Negroes 5830 45 05 0 0 0 4 Rum ga llons 4 0 0 2000 0 0 Salt hhds 0 0 2000 0 0 1 1 Sa lt bushels 0 0 0 0 0 30 Servants 30 0 0 0 0 80 0 Spirits ga llons 8000 0 0 800 0 s 0 0 0 Stave 0 80 0 0 2 Sugar pounds 2 0 0 0 0 4 Sugar barrels 0 0 0 0 5 40 0 0 Sugar cwt 5 0 Sugar hhds 1267 TABLE 594 TED INTO LUE OF GOOD S IMPOR VA ANNOCK DIST RICT, 1744 RAPPAH R SEU TOTAL AF WI NA GB Qood Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl1eese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 11 Coffee pounds 0 JJ 0 0 0 131 0 Indigo pounds 131 4 ds 0 0 0 0 27 Molasses hJ1 ons 58 216 7452 s gall 0 7 079 0 Molasse 0 1984 373 0 roes 865 0 0 Neg 0 4 Rum ga llons 1119 0 0 0 4 0 0 26 3 Salt hhds 0 0 263 0 0 23 3 Sa lt bushels 0 2 0 6 0 0 Servants 0 6 0 0 0 28 0 Spirits gallons 1 0 28 0 0 0 2 Staves 21 0 18 0 0 Sugar pounds 0 18 0 0 120 0 0 Sugar barrels 0 0 179 t 1 20 0 0 Sugar cw 0 179 Sugar hl1ds 079 0 10 514 3 7 1670 17 42 2 TOTAL 1268 TABLE 595 TED INTO TITY OF GOO DS IMPOR Q UA N STRICT , 174 5 OCK DI RA PPAHAN N E AFR D T DTA[ GB IR 111 t WI NA ~ 00 -.....;,.,,:::_ U 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 11 11 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 0 14 Convicts 0 0 0 0 0 8245 0 0 Negroes 0 0 130 um ga llons 783 0 415 114 0 R 16 0 3 nts 0 0 0 0 Serva 0 0 22 3 0 0 0 Sugar quarters 0 0 0 0 112 Sugar pounds 22 0 0 0 1 2 Sugar cwt 1 --- ---- 1269 TABLE 596 INTO E OF GOODS IMPORTED VA L U ISTRICT, 174 5 RAPPAHANN OCK D 1RE AFR :SEO TDTA[ NA GB GoocJ Urnt WI ::. 0 0 0 -...... 0 0 0 0 0 124 124 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 7 347 0 434 Convicts 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 767 Negroes 39 0 0 1468 0 Rum 8 7 ga llons 7 2 128 0 181 1 ts 0 0 0 0 0 Servan 0 0 1 0 0 Sugar 0 quarters 0 0 0 0 138 Sugar pounds 0 0 0 8 0 Sugar 3 cwt 1 4347 124 684 5 39 181 1287 L 86 7 TOTA ABSTRACT GROWTH IN T HE ONOMIC TRADE AND EC Title of Disserta tion: EAKE URY CHESAP EIGHTEENTH -CENT sophy , 1999 n Gregg Hardy, Doctor of Philo Stephe on d by: Professo r Ahson G. Ols Dissertation dir ecte tory Department of H is f the economy o f Maryland and explores the gro wth o This dissertation cer Shipping Lis ts for 0s to 1775 using the Naval Offi Virginia from th e late 160 information for omplete cargo an d ship n c olonies. These records contai these c eve of the Ame rican trances and clea rances. By the en almost 40,000 s hip l trade vel of income fro m this externa sapeake colonist s enjoyed a le Revolution, Che r , was The pattern of g rowth, howeve eding century. that was unmatc hed in the prec de declined , as d id m tra the 1680s, earn ings fro tead ily upward. From 1665 to not s e and the terms 1705, trad e terms of trade. From 1690 to and th the price of toba cco 705 to the 1740s . From the ate from 1 oved , only to de cline and stagn of trade impr oth export earnin gs and in b as a rapid but va riable growth 1740s to 1775, there w t. d levels of incom e and comfor ng unprecedenteffordi terms of trade a hipping effic ienc y, ents in s ome from impro vem This growth did not mainly c efore the 1740s, f reight rates and Gary Walton . B es Shepherd as suggested by J am y after the 1740s cco packing. Onlba i fica ntly because of advances in to declined sign line in freight rate s in ever, the dec g industry efficien cy increase. How did shippin or the rapid ed effi ciency was not responsible f s ight, so the increa this period was sl esapeake economy was. ifica tion in the Ch growth of the 174 0s . Di vers e Chesapeake 1775, agricultura l production in th From the 1740s to into grain crops- opened new This diversificat ion- largely tically. diversified drama Indies, Southern Europe, produce. The ma rkets in the Wes t markets fo r Ches apeake nt. To carry these came increasingly importa other North Ame rican colonies be and Maryland and Vir ginia arket, entrepreneu rial residents of new crops to thei r m f the Revolution , both o ship ownership . By the time invested in increa sing levels of ng trade ry and the earning s from the carryi his indust the capi tal inves te d in t e. vided a significan t source of incom pro yland and Virginia colonists ran 5, however, Mar177 From the 1740s to idly. remained stable a nd even grew rap omies ts. But, their eco n chronic trade defi ci ted in d much of this cap ital was in ves pital made up the trade defi cits, an Bri tish ca of consumption . reased levels ducti ve enterprise , not just in inc pro TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHESAPEAKE by Stephen Gregg Hardy Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland , College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1999 Advisory Committee: Professor Alison G. Olson, Chair Professor Lois Green Carr Professor Emory G. Evans Professor John J. Mccusker Professor Whitman H. Ridgway Professor John J. Wallis II FIVE ONTENTS FO R VOLUME TABLE OF C ued) 127 0 hesapeake (con tin Colonial C ndix 4: Trad e Data for the Appe 1270 TABLE 59 7 RTED INT O O ITY OF GO ODS IMP 6 QUANT CK DISTR ICT, 174 NO RAPPAHA N L A GB IR E TOTA wr N ood Unit G 0 30 0 00 00 3 0 0 5 Cheese po unds 0 5 85 cwt 0 0 85 Cheese 0 70 0 Convicts 0 7 0 0 12 unds 0 0 po 9 Loaf sugar 3 0 0 1350 olasses hlld s 0 3 M 5ns 13 50 llo 0 0 0 Molasses ga 53 0 0 4 000 egroes 0 400 0 0 37 N 0 lank fee t 1 36 0 37109 P 0 m hhds 7619 0 6 Ru 0s 2949 0 Rum ga l lon 50 6 0 16. 0 Rum b arrels 16.50 87 42 129 hhds 0 0 46 Salt 0 nts 8 0 3524 Serva 38 0 0 1 Sugar b arrels 0 22 s 135 24 0 0 und 0 Sugar po 22 ine pip es W 1271 TABLE 598 TO OF GOODS IM PORTED IN VALUE STRICT, 1746 K DI RAPPAHANN OC GB IRE TOT Ar W1 NA Good Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese poun ds 0 0 0 60 960 Cheese cwt 9 0 0 0 0 2 0 Convicts nds 0 2 0 84 Loaf sugar po u 21 63 0 0 94 Molasses hhd s 94 0 0 0 1646 Molasses gall ons 646 0 0 1 0 7 Negroes 0 7 0 327 fee t 318 0 0 Plank 9 0 0 31 26 Rum hhds 2 s 2484 64 0 0 15 on Rum gall 0 15 0 12 Rum bar rels 0 12 0 474 1456 lt hhds 0 982 Sa 0 0 180 0 Servants 149 31 0 158 0 Sugar ba rrels 58 0 1 0 280 ugar pou nds 0 0 S 280 Wine pip es 2 1434 83 47 4841 10 90 98 TOTAL 1272 TABLE 599 INTO F GOODS IM PORTED QUANTITY O DISTRICT, 1749 CK RAPPAHAN NO L I NA TOTA od Unit W Go 19 19 0 ead tons 9 9 Br 0 Cash pe nce 147 147 0 Cash po unds 0 3 3 sh shilli ngs Ca 0 500 500 nds 3 Cheese po u 0 3 hocolate box es 1 C 0 1 igo casks 50 64 Ind 14 Molasses ca sks 1 0 1 Molasses hh ds 140 14 rels 53 Pitch ba r 0 53 Rum hh ds 32015 30941 10 74 gallons 7 7 Rum 0 alt hhd s 3 3 S 0 ugar ti erces 35 35 S 0 nds 208 Sugar pou 192 16 rels 8 168 Sugar bar 0 16 barrels 0 108 108 Tar Turpentine ba rrels 1273 TABLE 600 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1749 Unit WI NA TOTAL Good Bread tons 0 195 195 Cash pence 0 0 0 Cash pounds 0 11 9 119 0 0 Cash shillings 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Indigo casks 0 0 Molasses casks 0 0 6 6 Molasses hhds 0 6 6 Pitch barrels 0 hhds 0 612 612 Rum 3403 118 3521 Rum gallons 3 Salt hhds 0 3 38 Sugar tierces 0 38 0 Sugar pounds 0 0 853 Sugar barrels 787 66 51 Tar barrels 0 51 entine barrels 0 54 54 Turp 0 1268 5458 TOTAL 419 1274 TABLE 601 TED INTO NTITY OF GO ODS IMPOR QUA CK DISTRICT , 1750 RAPPAHANN O wr NA AFR TO TAL Good Unit 0 30 0 sh pounds 30 3 Ca 0 3 0 J1 Linen boxe s 8 3 0 136 Molasses hhds 136 0 0 1 Negroes 0 0 1 Refined hl1d s r 0 0 7 suga m tierces 7 0 13 Ru 5 8 Rum hhd s 2 0 221 52 lons 209 70 118 gal 0 0 25 00 Rum els 250 0 0 5 Salt bus h 0 5 s 0 3 d Salt hh 3 0 2 Sugar qua rters 5 52 0 0 0 272 t Sugar cw 268 4 ls 0 27 rre Sugar ba 7 0 pounds 2 0 8 Sugar ks 8 0 s 0 3 a Wine qt r c 3 0 0 7 Wine hh ds 7 0 Wine pi pes 1275 TABLE 602 IMPORTED INTO OODS VALUE OF G T, 1750 OCK DISTRI C RAPPAHAN N TAL WI NA AFR TO Good Uni t 24 24 0 0 pounds 0 0 Cash 0 0 Linen boxe s 0 55 40 15 3688 Molasses hh ds 0 3688 0 19 Negroes 0 0 19 efined hhds R 0 43 sugar es 4 3 0 rc 0 138 Rum tie 53 85 s 0 2247 Rum hhd 2127 120 114 Rum gal lons 0 114 0 2 Salt bus hels 0 0 2 1 t hhds 0 Sal 1 0 0 79 Sugar qu arters 79 0 0 1243 Sugar cw t 1225 18 0 0 ugar bar rels 0 0 S s 0 3 5 Sugar po und 35 0 26 ine qtr c asks 0 0 W 26 122 ne hl1ds 0 Wi 122 0 Wine pip es 259 3688 7836 3889 TOTAL 1276 TABLE 603 QUA NTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1751 TA[ I NA nit 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 400 Bar iron 0 tons 0 0 400 0 180 Biscuit pounds 0 0 0 180 0 500 Cash pounds 0 0 0 500 0 0 100 Cheese pounds 0 100 0 8 0 0 Chocolate pounds 8 0 0 0 196 Chocolate boxes 196 0 0 0 0 3 Coffee pounds 3 0 0 0 0 0 580 Ginger bags 580 0 20 2 0 0 Iron bars 0 0 22 0 0 33 Molasses barrels 0 17 16 0 0 49840 Molasses hhds 45210 4630 0 0 98 0 0 Rum gallons 98 0 12000 24450 0 Rum hhds 4200 0 8250 0 0 2110 0 Salt bushels 0 2J10 0 80 0 80 Salt hhds 0 0 3 0 0 0 Servants 0 0 7 3 0 Sugar tierces 7 0 0 447 0 0 0 Sugar quarters 0 0 14 447 0 0 54 Sugar cwt 14 0 0 0 0 1219 Sugar hhds 36 18 0 0 Sugar barrels 0 0 150 12 0 19 0 0 27 Sugar pounds 0 150 0 barrels 0 0 0 5 Tar 02 7 qtr casks 5 0 0 24 Wine 0 0 0 Wine b 0 a rrels 24 0 0 15 0 0 Wine hhds 15 0 Wine pipes 1277 TABLE 604 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1751 B IRE TAL Good ntt 0 44 44 0 0 0 1 Bar iron tons 0 1 0 0 0 0 140 Biscuit pounds 0 0 0 140 0 0 0 Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 30 0 5 0 0 Iron bars 182 0 35 0 0 Molasses barrels 88 0 0 0 5120 94 0 Molasses hhds 476 0 1057 0 Rum gallons 4644 0 0 1057 434 885 0 Rum hhds 0 299 0 535 0 Salt bushels 152 0 535 789 0 0 789 0 Salt hhds 0 0 39 0 0 0 Servants 0 0 2 39 0 0 Sugar tierces 0 619 2 0 0 Sugar quarters 0 0 0 236 619 0 0 225 Sugar cwt 0 0 236 0 0 15 Sugar hhds 75 0 150 0 Sugar barrels ]5 0 0 0 49 pounds 0 0 Sugar 0 49 0 119 0 0 Tar barrels 0 0 22 119 qtr casks 0 0 0 212 Wine 0 22 0 0 Wine barrels 0 0 266 212 0 0 Wine hhds 0 266 434 10592 Wine pipes 299 789 2382 6688 TOTAL 1278 TABLE 605 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPOR TED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1752 Gooa Unit WI NA AFR TOTAL 1 0 1 Bar iron tons 0 2 2 Beeswax tons 0 0 0 0 2800 2800 Beeswax pounds 0 161 Bread barrels 0 161 0 15 Cheese barrels 0 15 0 24 0 24 Cheese ounds 0 150 0 150 Chocolate p 17 0 17 Chocolate boxes 0 0 600 0 600 Coffee pounds 0 0 90 Coffee bags 0 9 0 150 0 150 Ginger pounds 0 0 37 37 Linen pieces 61 0 61 Loaf sugar hhds 0 4 0 4 s casks 0Molasse 0 1 Molasses tierces 0 35 0 35 Molasses barrels 0 34 0 34 Molasses hhds 0 59 2 621 682 Negroes 200 0 200 Pimento pounds 0 82 barrels 0 82 0 Pitch 0 4 0 4 Pork fir kins 22 0 22 Rum hhds 0 3 6678 0 33101 Rum gallons 2642 11 0 11 Rum barrels 0 20 tierces 0 20 0 Rum 17 0 17 Salt hhds 0 0 0 2 2 Spirits pipes 2 hhds 2 0 0 Sugar 0 187 105 82 Sugar barrels 0 144 144 Tar barrels 0 2 0 27 25 Wine qtr casks 4 4 0 0 Wine pipes 0 10 10 0 Wine hhds 1279 TABLE 606 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1752 TAL WI NA AF Good 111t 0 15 0 15 Bar iron tons 0 0 0 0 Beeswax tons 0 0 0 poun 0d s 189 0 189 Beeswax 0 0 Bread barrels 0 0 Cheese barre 0 ls 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese 0 0 Choc 0o late pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 Ginger pounds 0 0 0 914 Linen pieces 914 0 0 14 Loaf sugar hhds 0 0 14 4 Molasses casks 0 0 4 59 Molasses tierces 0 0 59 200 Molasses 0 barrels 0 200 Mol 1 18496 a 54 6s 8se 4s 2 hhds 1600 0 0 Negroes 0 0 0 49 Pimento pounds 0 49 0 0 Pitch barrels 0 0 223 Pork firkins 223 0 0 3194 Rum hhds 0 2550 644 0 31 gallons Rum 0 31 116 barrels 116 0 Rum 0 0 5 tierces Rum 0 5 0 0 0 Salt hhds 0 0 35 Spirits pipes 35 0 807 hhdS 453 354 0 Sugar 43 barrels 43 0 Sugar 0 0 122 barrels Tar 113 9 72 qtr casks 0 0 Wine 72 0 90 0 Wine pipes 90 Wine hhds 491 3 2923 16842 24678 TOTA L ~-- 1280 NA AFR TO TAL Good Unit WI 1281 TABLE 607 ORTED INTO DS IMP QUA NTITY OF GOO 4 PAHANNOCK D ISTRICT, 175 RAP GB SEU TOTA[ Urnt W I NA Gooa 0 500 0 5 00 0 2 Cheese pounds 0 2 0 0 150 Cheese casks 0 0 ounds 0 150 ocolate p 0 0 5 Ch 5 barrels 0 0 0 11 Coffee 0 11 Molasses tierces 9 0 0 9 ds 0 0 0 20 Molasses hh 20 Potatoes bushels 0 0 0 406 0 406 Refined pounds 0 1 sugar 1 0 Rice tierces 0 0 12 0 0 Rum tierces 12 5 0 0 5 0 0 10318 Rum barrels 0 0 81 Rum gallons 10318 0 40 41 0 3840 15000 2 5970 Rum hhds 4900 2230 0 0 18 Sa lt bushe ls 0 18 88 0 8 8 Sa lt hhds 0 0 0 0 4 6 Servants 24 22 8 0 0 1 Sugar barrel s 14 4 0 2 Sugar hhds 0 2 0 0 5 0 Sugar tierces 5 0 0 28 0 Wine hhds 8 0 2 0 23 Wine pipes 0 4 19 Wine qtr ca sks 1282 TABLE 608 VA LUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1754 TAL mt WI Gooa 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 casks 0 0 0 Cheese 0 p 0 0 0 0 Chocolate ounds 0 0 0 40 Coffee barrels 40 0 0 0 54 Molasses tierces 0 54 0 0 0 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 0 13 Potatoes bushels 0 13 0 Refi ned pounds 0 0 0 sugar 0 0 0 0 69 Rice tierces 69 0 0 14 Rum tierces 0 14 0 0 0 987 Rum barrels 987 0 0 80 1 4 Rum gallons 402 412 691 1197 177 Rum hhds 226 103 0 6 Salt bushels 0 0 6 0 1059 1059 Salt hhds 0 0 0 209 Servants }09 100 0 0 332 Sugar barrels 74 0 258 0 28 0 0 Sugar hhds 28 0 43 0 Sugar tierces 04 3 0 482 0 Wine hhds 0 482 99 82 0 0 Wine pipes 17 Wine qtr casks 691 5446 898 1236 2621 TOTAL 1283 TABLE 609 INTO F GOODS IM PORTED QUANTITY O NOCK DIST RICT, 1755 RAPPAHAN SEU TOTAL WI NA Good Uni t 0 4 0 4 59 Bar iron ton s 0 59 0 300 Bread ke gs 0 300 0 1 Chocolate po unds 0 0 1 0 5 s Coffee hh d 0 5 28 Coffee ba rrels 4 24 0 0 1 Molasses hh ds 0 1 ces 0 29 4 Rice tie r 231 63 16 ds Rum hll 0 16 0 5 Rum bar rels 0 5 0 0 tierces 240 um 1400 0 11000 1 R s 0 4 lt bush el Sa 4 0 sks 0 87 Sugar ca 81 6 21 gar barr els Su O 21 0 2 ine qtr casks 0 W 2 0 e hhds Win 1284 TABLE 610 DS IMPORTE D INTO OO VA LUE OF G STRICT, 1755 RAPPAHANN OCK DI I NA SEU TOTAL W Good Uni t 52 0 52 0 34 Bar iron ton s 0 0 34 0 O Bread ke gs 0 0 O Chocolate pou nds 0 0 0 offee hhd s O C 0 0 0 0 159 Coffee bar rels 23 136 0 Molasses hhd s 0 0 0 s 0 2598 Rice tier ce 2041 557 /Jhds 0 39 Rum 0 39 els 0 13 Rum bar r 13 0 7 m tierce s 0 494 55 Ru 6 3 ls 0 17 Salt bu she 17 0 ks 0 3 74 Sugar ca s 348 26 92 ugar barr els 0 92 0 S s 0 18 k Wine qt r cas 18 0 Wine hh ds 936 494 3953 2523 TOTAL 1285 TABLE 611 INTO OF GOODS I MPORTED QUA NTITY K DISTRICT , 1758 RAPPAHAN NOC SEU TOTA[ NA GB I Good Unit W 0 0 12 0 12 8 0 8 Molasses hhd s 0 0 0 100 Negroes 0 100 0 0 0 8 Pig iron tons 0 8 0 19 0 Rum hhds 19 1380 m barrels 0 0 0 Ru ns 138 0 0 llo 8000 6 000 17934 Rum ga 30 2104 0 1000 Sa lt bush els 18 0 0 1000 0 5 0 Sugar poun ds 0 50 0 0 38 els 0 Sugar barr 0 38 0 7 0 Sugar hhd s 0 7 Wine hhd s --- - 1286 TABLE 612 ORTED INTO VA L UE OF G OODS IMP NOCK DISTR ICT, 1758 RAPPAHAN NA GB SE U TOTAL I Gooa U111t W 0 0 9 6 0 96 0 285 Molasses hhds 285 0 0 0 482 0 Negroes 0 482 8 0 0 9 Pig iron tons 0 98 64 Rum hhds 0 0 0 64 0 161 Rum barre ls 0 161 0 450 134 5 0 Rum gall ons 37 158 60 1 0 13 Sa lt bush els 0 13 0 0 225 Sugar pou nds 0 0 225 0 721 ugar barre ls S 72 1 0 0 0 92 Sugar hhds 0 92 0 Wine l1hd s 450 3582 9 885 298 194 TOTAL 1287 TABLE 613 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1760 B AFR T TAL NA Good Unit 0 11 0 11 0 0 122 Cash pounds 0 0 122 0 2 Convicts 0 0 2 0 0 22 Loaf sugar hhds 0 22 0 0 s Molasses hhds 0 5 200 200 Molasses casks 0 0 0 0 0 260 Negroes 0 260 0 0 220 Plank feet 0 220 Refined pounds 0 0 1 sugar 0 Refined casks 3 0 0 sugar 0 3 0 13818 Rum hhds 11780 2038 0 0 9 Rum ga llons 0 0 9 0 2500 Rum barrels 0 2500 0 0 16 Salt bushels 0 16 0 2400 0 0 Salt hhds 0 2400 0 432 0 Shingles 0 432 0 800 Spiri ts gallons 0 800 0 0 0 6 6 38 Sugar pounds 0 18 0 0 hhds 20 0 300 Sugar 0 Sugar barrels 0 300 0 30 0 Tar barrels 30 0 3 0 0 Turpentine barrels 3 s 0 0 0 Wine pipes 5 0 0 0 1 Wine qtr casks 1 0 Wine hhds - 1288 TA BLE 614 VA LUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1760 TA[ Good J11t 8 0 8 0 0 1580 Cash pounds 1580 O 0 0 32 Convicts 0 32 0 0 0 189 Loaf sugar hhds 0 189 0 0 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 0 0 7122 7122 Molasses casks 0 0 0 0 1 Negroes 0 1 0 0 7 Plank fee t 0 7 Refined pounds 0 4 sugar 0 4 0 Refined casks 0 0 47 sugar 0 47 0 2060 Rum hhds 0 1756 304 0 39 Rum gallons 0 0 39 0 201 Rum barrels 0 201 0 0 9 Salt bushels 0 9 0 0 hhds 0 0 0 Salt 0 0 0 64 Shingles 0 64 0 11 0 Spirits gallons 0 11 114 0 0 Sugar pounds 0 114 0 172 0 Sugar hhds 91 81 0 0 102 Sugar barrels 0 102 0 0 14 Tar barrels )4 0 95 95 0 0 Turpentine barrels 0 40 0 0 Wine pipes 0 40 0 16 0 Wine qtr casks 0 16 Wine hhds 1847 1378 1580 71 22 11927 TOTA L 1289 TABLE 615 TED INTO TITY OF GOO DS IMPOR QUAN NOCK DIST RICT, 1761 RAPPAHAN TOTA[ wr NA GB AFR SEO Qooa Unit 0 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 Bread kegs 0 48 0 0 923 Bread barrels 0 0 ons 0 923 0 0 115 Rum ga ll 0 9 hds 9 5 20 um h 0 0 0 0 R 9 0 13 um tierces 13 0 0 R 9 s 0 0 0 0 14 Salt hhd 0 149 0 0 57 Salt bushels 32 0 25 0 0 9 0 Sugar barrels 8 1 0 0 0 2 Sugar hhds 2 0 0 35 0 0 Sugar tierces ds 0 35 Virginia poun 0 0 2 0 0 currency 20 0 6 ine qtr casks 0 0 0 W 0 6 Wine pipes 1290 TABLE 616 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1761 TA[ NA Good nit 0 0 16 0 0 16 0 62 Bread kegs 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bread barrels 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee casks 0 0 0 0 660 0 0 660 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Convicts 0 0 0 99 0 0 Ginger bags 0 8 0 99 0 0 0 Molasses hhds 37747 0 8 33972 0 0 Molasses barrels 0 0 3775 0 0 0 Negroes 0 0 0 0 12 Pimento barrels 0 12 0 0 70 0 0 Plank feet 0 70 Refined casks 0 0 2 0 sugar 0 2 Refined pounds 105 0 0 0 1374 sugar J05 0 0 ga llons 0 0 61 Rum 239 0 11 35 0 Rum hhds 0 0 0 6 61 0 0 Rum tierces 6 0 0 10 0 0 Salt hhds 0 244 0 10 0 0 Salt bushels 137 0 0 162 107 0 barrels 18 0 28 Sugar )44 0 0 hhds 0 0 24 Sugar 28 0 0 Sugar tierces 24 0 0 141 Virginia pounds 0 0 141 0 170 currency 0 0 0 Wine qtr casks 0 170 0 41001 Wine pipes 660 33972 1119 5250 TOTAL 1291 TABLE 617 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1762 TA[ Good mt 0 0 220 0 220 0 0 900 Cash pounds 900 0 0 0 0 0 2 Cheese pounds 2 0 0 1262 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 ]262 0 0 60 Dollars 0 1 59 607 0 607 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 0 0 55 Negroes 0 0 55 0 0 1050 Pitch barrels 0 0 1050 Refined pounds 0 0 39 sugar 39 0 0 0 0 44 Rum tierces 0 1 43 0 0 517 .5 Rum barrels 0 62.5 0 91 455 0 Rum hhds 0 0 91 0 0 33 Sal t hhds 0 0 33 0 0 0 1400 Servants 1400 30 0 0 0 0 Staves 0 30 Sterling pounds 0 8 0 cash 0 8 0 0 0 3000 Sugar loaves 0 0 3000 0 0 3 pounds 3 0 Su 0 2g 9a 1r 0 0 0 1486 Sugar hhds 68 0 223 barrels 0 0 1486 0 20 Sugar 0 0 Tar barrels 0 20 30 0 20 0 0 Turpentine barrels 0 0 0 4 10 0 Wine hhds 2 27 33 2 0 0 Wine pipes 6 0 Wine qtr casks 1292 TABLE 618 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1762 TA[ nit WI NA Good 0 0 144 0 144 0 0 0 0 Cash pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 290 Chocolate boxes 0 290 0 0 0 394 Dollars 7 387 0 21615 0 21615 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 0 21 Negroes 21 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 Pitch barrels 0 32 Refined pounds 0 0 262 0 sugar 142 262 0 0 tierces 139 0 0 Rum 0 0 6073 3 0 Rum barrels 733 0 0 52 5340 hhds 52 0 Rum 0 427 0 0 427 Salt hhds 353 0 0 0 0 Servants 0 353 0 0 0 0 30 Staves 0 30 Sterling pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 cash 0 0 loaves 40 0 0 56 Sugar 0 0 Sugar pounds 56 0 0 0 1292 0 0 Sugar hhdS 302 0 423 990 0 0 8 Sugar barrels 0 423 0 0 0 Tar barrels 8 288 432 0 0 0 116 Turpentine barrels 0 0 144 0 0 Wine hhds 58 58 0 195 238 0 Wine pipes 0 43 32440 Wine qtr casks 483 427 21615 6804 3111 TOTAL 1293 TABLE 619 QUA NTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1763 TA[ Good nit 74 74 0 0 600 Bread kegs 0 600 0 900 Cash pounds 900 0 0 11 Cheese pounds 0 11 0 IO Chocolate boxes 0 0 10 27 Coffee bags 0 27 0 160 Convicts 0 1 0 160 0 Dollars 0 1 7 Gi nger casks 0 1 0 7 0 Loaf sugar barre ls 0 1 0 584 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 11 0 584 0 Loaf sugar pounds 11 0 5 0 0 Molasses casks 5 0 10 0 0 Molasses barrels 0 10 0 0 42 0 0 Molasses tierces 36 0 80 6 0 80 Molasses hhds 38 0 0 0 0 0 Negroes 20 0 38 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 27 0 20 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 27 0 131 425 0 0 2 Rum barrels 172 122 0 0 0 Rum hhds 2 0 0 108 0 Rum tierces 0 108 0 0 1310 0 hhds 40 0 100 240 Salt 1270 140 0 0 bushels 0 0 12 Salt 0 0 Salt tons 12 2 2 0 0 Spirits kegs 0 0 0 35 188 0 0 Sugar tierces 40 72 72 11 3 0 0 Sugar barrels 0 0 15 54 0 0 70 75 Tobacco hhds 0 39 0 0 Wine qtr casks 5 10 10 0 0 0 0 Wine pipes 0 Wine hhds 1294 TABLE 620 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1763 TAL mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 Bread kegs 0 0 75 0 0 0 Cash pounds 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 341 Coffee bags 0 341 0 0 0 0 37 0 Convicts 0 0 37 0 0 Dollars 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 G inger casks 26 0 15 0 0 Loaf sugar barrels 0 15 0 0 18 ar hhds 18 0 0 Loaf sug 0 39 0 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 39 0 0 0 8 0 Molasses casks 8 0 35 0 0 0 Molasses barrels 35 0 244 0 0 0 Molasses tierces 209 2779 0 2779 35 Molasses hhds 0 0 198 0 0 0 0 0 Negroes 0 198 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 84 0 0 0 Potatoes bushels 84 0 0 1479 4798 0 Rum barrels 0 1377 0 13 }942 0 0 48 Rum hhds 0 0 13 0 0 tierces 48 0 84 Rum 0 0 0 Salt hhds 3 0 0 81 0 0 bushels 0 0 0 19 Salt 0 0 Salt rans 19 28 28 0 0 0 151 812 Spirits kegs 0 0 0 0 Sugar tierces }73 455 455 488 0 0 barrels 0 0 107 385 Sugar 0 0 ]996 2139 Tobacco hhds 0 278 0 0 ]43 Wine qtr casks J43 0 143 0 0 Wine pipes 0 0 13123 Wine hhds 2779 4359 341 2723 2921 TOTAL 1295 TABLE 621 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1764 AT NA Good nit 0 0 16.75 0 16 .75 0 2900 Bar iron tons 0 2900 0 0 479 Cheese pounds 0 479 0 0 2 Chocolate pounds 0 2 0 0 2 Chocolate boxes 0 2 0 0 414 0 Coffee tierces 0 414 0 7 0 Coffee pounds 2 0 7 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 2 0 50 Deer Skin 0 50 0 0 3 Dollars 0 3 0 1 0 0 Guineas 1 0 2 0 0 Loaf sugar tierces 2 13 0 0 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 13 0 0 51 Molasses barrels 6 45 81 0 81 Molasses hhds 0 0 0 0 20 7 Negroes 20 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 7 0 Refined barrels 0 1162.5 0 sugar 0 I 162.5 Refined pounds 0 335 0 2 sugar 59 276 0 0 2 7 Rum hhds 0 0 0 tierces 7 0 71 Rum 0 0 69 0 105 Rum kegs 2 0 Rum barrels 105 0 100 0 0 43 Salt hhds 100 0 0 0 bushels 8 0 0 26 Salt 35 199 Sugar tierces 4 0 0 22 33 0 120 Sugar hhds 166 0 3 Sugar barrel s 120 0 0 0 1 Tar barrels 3 0 0 0 barrels 1 0 2 Wheat 0 0 tierces 2 0 5 5 Wheat 0 9 Wine qtr casks 0 0 0 9 0 Wine hhds 0 Wine pipes 1296 SEU TOTA[ t WI NA AFR Good Uni 1297 TABLE 622 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1764 TA[ Good mt 0 0 247 0 247 0 0 Bar iron tons 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coffee tierces 0 0 0 pounds 0 0 0 Coffee 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 12 0 Deer Skin 0 12 0 3 Dollars 0 3 0 0 10 0 Guineas 0 10 0 29 Loaf sugar tierces 0 29 0 18 18 0 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 243 0 0 Molasses barrels 29 214 0 28 14 Molasses hhds 0 28 14 0 0 98 0 Negroes 0 98 0 25 0 Pig iron tons 0 25 Refined barrels 0 0 34 sugar 0 34 Refined pounds 0 331 7 0 sugar 584 2733 0 11 0 Rum hhds 0 11 0 10 0 Rum tierces 0 10 0 194 0 41 Rum kegs 5 189 0 barrels 0 41 0 6 Rum 6 0 0 hhds 0 0 593 Salt 0 Salt bushels 463 483 110 0 0 Sugar tierces 71 842 392 0 140 0 43 Sugar hhds 702 0 0 barrels 43 0 0 Sugar 0 barrels 0 0 0 0 Tar 0 0 0 15 Wheat barrels 0 0 15 0 73 Wheat tierces 0 0 73 Wine qtr casks 0 263 263 0 0 0 Wine hhds 0 Wine pipes 1298 SEU TOTAL WI NA AFR Good 0111t 0 2814 336 9404 344 191 TOTAL 4 1299 TABLE 623 PORTED INTO TITY OF GOOD S IM QUAN T, 1765 APPAHANNO CK DISTRIC R WI NA TOTA L Good Unit 4 4 0 Bread keg s 837 ds 0 4837 4 Cheese po un 6 0 6 Chocolate box es 0 400 400 Chocolate pou nds 7 20 13 ffee bags 7 7 Co s 0 Coffee ba rrel 120 0 120 Dollars 0 5 5 Ginger bag s 25 250 ds 3 Indigo po un 0 3 21 Linen pi eces 126 0 12621 ds 11 Loaf sugar pou n 1 10 sses barrels 49 Mola 2 47 hllds 5 7 Molasses 2 lasses tierce s 12 Mo 0 12 Pepper p ounds 0 8 8 to bags 2000 2 000 Pimen 0 ounds Refined p 2 sugar 0 2 sks 6 391 Rice ca 295 9 hds 38 Rum h 8 30 bar rels 6 8 24 Rum 1 barrels! Rum tierces 0 1 1 tierces 28 Rum 0 28 hds 0 1200 h Salt 200 bushels 1 47 195 Salt 148 ar ba rrels 1 1 Sug 0 canisters 23 2 3 Tea 0 qtr casks Wine 1300 TABLE 624 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1765 TA[ Good U111t 3 0 3 Bread kegs 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 28 28 Dollars 0 0 0 Ginger bags 0 0 0 Indigo pounds 0 0 0 Linen pieces 0 394 394 Loaf sugar pounds 17 2 15 Molasses barrels 10 246 256 Molasses hhds 16 22 6 tierces 0 0 Molasses 0 Pepper pounds 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 62 62 Refined pounds 0 0 sugar 0 Rice casks 896 3649 2753 Rum hhds 77 98 21 Rum barrels 64 32 96 Rum barrels/ tierces 5 0 5 rierces 10 Rum 0 JO hhds 60 Salt 60 0 bushels 912 Salt 692 220 barrels 0 Sugar 0 0 canisters 0 )60 160 Tea qtr casks Wine 3608 2164 5772 TOTAL 1301 TABLE 625 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1766 WI NA TA[ Gooa mt 1161 0 1161 Cheese pounds 0 40 0 40 0 Chocolate pounds 0 3 0 3 Chocolate boxes 1650 0 1650 Coffee pounds 0 2 0 2 Indigo kegs 0 0 37 tierces 25 12 Molasses 0 17 10 7 Molasses barrels 45 0 68 hhd 2s 3 Molasses 200 0 200 0 Refined pounds 2 sugar 0 2 0 Refined tierces 20 sugar 20 0 0 Refined barrels 0 3 sugar 0 3 Refined hhds 0 1 sugar 0 1 0 118 Rice casks 93 25 barrels 0 17 Rum 8 9 Rum tierces 0 394 333 61 0 32 Rum hhds 0 32 Rum and barrels 0 16 spirits 0 16 Rum and hhds 13 spirits 0 13 0 Rum and kegs 0 440 spirits 0 440 0 22 b S ua shlt e ls 20 2 12 Sugar tierces 12 0 0 0 86 Sug hhds 74 1a 2r 10 0 JO S ugar barrels 0 7 qtr casks 7 Wine 0 0 8 pipes 0 0 8 Wine Wine hhds 1302 TABLE 626 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1766 WI NA TAL Good nit 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 Indigo kegs 0 133 90 43 Molasses tierces 12 0 29 17 Molasses barrels 268 0 405 137 7 Molasses hhds 0 7 0 Refined pounds 25 sugar 0 25 0 Refined tierces 0 94 sugar 0 94 Refined barrels 0 56 sugar 0 56 Refined hhds 0 0 sugar 0 0 317 Rice casks 0 250 67 94 Rum barrels so 0 44 tierces 593 0 3833 Rum 3240 0 86 Rum hhds 0 86 Rum and barrels 156 spirits 0 156 0 Rum and hhds 0 17 spirits 0 17 Rum and kegs 0 23 spirits 0 23 0 373 bushels 339 34 Salt 266 Sugar tierces 0 266 0 0 442 Sugar hhds 380 62 0 75 75 Sugar barrels 0 210 qtr casks 210 Wine 0 0 120 120 Wine p ipes 0 0 Wine hhds 405 6761 4763 1593 TOTAL 1302 TABLE 626 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1766 NA TAL Good Unit 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee pounds 0 0 0 0 Indigo kegs 90 43 0 133 Molasses tierces 12 0 29 17 Molasses ba 4r 0r 5e ls 137 268 0 7 Molasses hhds 0 0 7 Refined pounds 0 25 sugar 0 25 Refined tierces 0 94 sugar 0 94 Refined barrels 0 56 sugar 0 56 Refined hhds 0 0 sugar 0 0 0 317 Rice casks 250 67 94 Rum barrels so 0 44 0 3833 Rum tierces 3240 593 86 Rum hhds 0 86 0 Rum and barrels 0 156 spirits 0 156 Rum and hhds 0 17 spirits 0 17 Rum and kegs 0 23 spirit 2s 0 3 373 bushels 0 Salt 339 34 0 266 Sugar tierces 266 0 442 hhds 380 62 0 Sugar 75 75 Sugar barrels 0 0 210 qtr casks 210 Wine 0 0 0 120 120 Wine pipes 0 Wine hhds 405 6761 4763 1593 TOTAL 1303 TOTAL Unit WI NA SEU Good 1304 TABLE 627 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1768 TAL Good Unit 6 0 6 0 Bread kegs 900 0 900 0 Cheese pounds 182 0 182 0 Chocolate pounds 0 6 0 6 Chocolate boxes 0 0 2 2 Coffee tierces 4 2 0 6 18 Coffee barrels 0 18 0 130 G 0 inger bags 0 0 1300 Loaf sugar pounds 37 0 37 0 Molasses hhds/ casks 33 0 46 13 17 Molasses hhds 17 0 Molasses ba 0 rr els 0 2 2 0 2 Molasses tierces 0 2 0 1 Pimento bags 1 0 0 Pork tierces 1 0 0 1 Pork hhds 0 1 0 0 60 Pork boxes 0 60 0 6945 Potatoes bushels 800 6145 Refined pounds 0 340 sugar 237 103 0 26 Rum hhds 4 22 2 Rum tierces 0 2 0 75 Rum kegs 39 36 0 barrels 33 0 33 Rum 0 192 Salt hhds 0 192 0 2800 Salt bushels 0 0 2800 0 10 Shingles 10 0 0 6 Sugar hhds 0 6 137 Sugar casks 65 72 0 7 0 0 Sugar barrels 7 20 20 0 Sugar tierces 0 0 2 Te p a o unds 2 0 0 3 0 Tobacco hhds 3 White casks sugar 1305 A SEU TOTAL Good Unit WI N 28 53 ipes 25 0 Wine p 4 0 24 0 2 Wine qtr casks 1306 TABLE 628 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1768 TAL Good Unit 4 0 4 Bread kegs 0 0 0 0 pounds 0 Cheese 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 Coffee tierces 0 0 0 barrels 0 0 Coffee 0 0 bags 0 0 Ginger 360 36 0 Loaf sugar pounds 0 1630 16 3 Molasses hhds / casks 181 0 252 71 Molasses hhds 0 27 27 Molasses barrels 0 0 0 7 7 Molasses tierces 0 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 0 0 0 Pork tierces 0 0 0 0 Pork hhds 0 0 0 0 Pork boxes 0 0 0 193 Potatoes bushels 0 22 171 Refined pounds 0 3578 sugar 2494 1084 0 156 Rum hhds 24 132 0 3 Rum tierces 0 3 218 Rum kegs 113 105 0 11 Rum barrels 0 11 0 0 9 Salt hhds 0 9 bushels 0 0 0 Salt 0 0 0 180 Shingles 180 hhds 25 0 25 Sugar 0 0 573 Sugar casks 272 301 97 Sugar barrels 97 0 0 0 3 Sugar tierces 0 3 pounds 0 0 14 Tea 14 0 10 Tobacco hhds 10 0 White casks sugar .1307 WI NA SEU TOTAL Good Unit 716 0 802 1518 Wine pipes 172 0 172 0 Wine qtr casks 802 7249 4020 2427 TOTAL 1308 TABLE 629 QU ANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1769 NA TAL Good 111 t WI 0 0 57 Beef barrels 57 0 12 0 12 Bread kegs 3580 0 3580 0 Cheese pounds 372 0 372 0 Chocolate pounds 39 0 39 0 Chocolate boxes 2 0 2 0 Coffee bags 0 1 0 1 Coffee barrels 0 3 0 3 Coffee casks 0 4 4 0 Loaf sugar hhds l 0 1 0 Loaf sugar barrels 2 0 2 0 Loaf sugar tierces 0 2440 1800 640 Loaf sugar pounds 0 8 0 8 Molasses barrels 0 136 24 112 Molasses hhds 0 23 0 23 Molasses tierces 1 0 1 0 2 Negroes 0 2 0 4000 P imento bags 0 0 4000 feet 30 0 30 Plank 0 b ushels 0 526 Potatoes 290 236 Rum hhds 0 141 22 119 Rum barrels 41 0 41 0 Rum tierces 77 .5 80 157.5 0 Salt hhds 20 0 20 0 Salt bushels 10 0 99 89 hhds 163 Sugar 124 39 0 Sugar barrels 0 32 28 4 0 30 Sugar tierces 0 30 pounds 3 0 3 Tea 0 0 33 Tea bags 0 33 0 7 Tobacco hhds 4 3 White hhds 0 1 sugar 1 0 White tierces 12 sugar 8 4 0 White barrels 1309 TAL od Unit W I NA SEU TO Go sugar 15 0 15 Wine qtr casks 0 1310 TABLE 630 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1769 TA[ 111t WI NA Good 0 0 100 Beef barrels 100 0 12 0 12 Bread kegs 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 Coffee casks 0 61 61 0 Loaf sugar hhds 4 0 4 0 Loaf sugar barrels 21 0 21 0 Loaf sugar tierces 74 55 19 0 Loaf sugar pounds 13 0 13 0 Molasses barrels 0 776 137 639 Molasses hhds 0 79 0 79 Molasses tierces 38 0 38 0 0 Negroes 0 0 0 10 Pimento bags 0 0 10 Plank feet 0 0 0 0 5766 Potatoes bushels 317 2587 0 Rum hh 9 d s 427 67 360 0 Rum barrels 0 257 0 257 Rum tierces 29 57 0 28 Salt hhds 0 1 0 1 Salt bushels 0 2144 1927 217 hh 819 Sugar ds 623 196 0 Sugar barrels 0 530 464 66 tierces 3 0 3 Sugar 0 0 0 Tea pounds 0 0 0 371 Tea bags 0 371 0 107 Tobacco hhds 61 46 White hhds 0 sugar 0 White tierces 0 45 sugar 30 15 White barrels 1311 SEU TOTAL Good Unit WI NA sugar 114 qtr casks 0 114 0 Wine 96 29 1183 9 6714 50 TOTAL 1312 TABLE 631 QUANTITY OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1771 TAL Good Unit WI 0 18 0 18 Bread kegs 9731 0 9731 0 Cheese pounds 1972 0 1972 0 Chocolate pounds 0 77 0 Chocolate boxes 7 0 7 0 Coffee bags 6 0 6 0 Coffee barrels 0 2000 0 2000 Hoops 0 4 0 4 Loaf sugar casks 0 3500 0 3500 Loaf sugar pounds 2 0 2 0 Loaf sugar hhds 8 0 8 0 Loaf sugar barrels 24.5 0 24.5 0 Molasses barrels 0 168 8 160 Molasses hhds 50 0 51 1 Molasses tierces 0 95 90 5 0 2 Negroes 0 2 1 Pimento bags 0 1 0 Rice casks 0 364 260 104 Rum hhds 0 144 20 124 barrels 130 0 134 Rum 4 0 97 Rum tierces 0 97 hhds 0 18 Salt 18 0 6 Sugar tierces 6 0 0 hhds 0 176 Sugar 156 20 58 59 Sugar barrels 0 1 Wine qtr casks 0 50 50 0 41 41 Wine pipes 0 0 Wine hhds 1313 TABLE 632 VALUE OF GOODS IMPORTED INTO RAPPAHANNOCK DISTRICT, 1771 TAL Good mt WI 14 0 14 0 Bread kegs 0 0 0 0 Cheese pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate pounds 0 0 0 0 Chocolate boxes 0 0 0 0 Coffee bags 0 0 0 0 Coffee barrels 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 15 0 15 Loaf sugar casks 102 0 102 0 Loaf sugar pounds 29 0 29 0 Loaf sugar hhds 0 29 0 29 Loaf sugar barrels 38 0 38 0 Molasses barrels 906 43 863 0 Molasses hhds 0 166 163 Molasses tie 3 rc es 0 3647 3455 192 0 Negroes 0 0 0 0 Pimento bags 0 0 0 3864 Rice casks 2760 1104 0 423 Rum hhds 0 59 364 Rum barrels 0 813 24 789 Rum tierces 33 0 33 0 Salt hhds 0 0 274 274 Sugar tierces 0 119 119 0 0 810 Sugar hhds 718 92 438 446 Sugar barrels 0 8 Wine qtr casks 0 1509 1509 0 pipes 0 619 619 Wine 0 Wine hhds 2566 13856 7455 3835 TOTAL 1314 TABLE 633 FROM TITY OF GOOD S EXPORTED QUAN 725 TH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 1 SOU AL WI NA GB TOT Gooa Unit 0 30 0 3 Beans bushel s 0 0 5160 bushels 6 90 4470 Corn 0 523 0 523 Deer Skins 0 2 00 nds 0 200 30 Iron pou 1130 0 Peas bushels 0 5 0 5 0 Plank pieces 0 15019 150 19 0 Plank feet 0 5 0 5 Pork hhds 0 23 0 23 barrels 68700 70700 Pork 0 2000 1 Staves 2381 238 0 0 Tobacco hhds 0 14 14 obacco barrels 0 410 T 410 0 Wheat bushel s 0 1315 TABLE 634 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM OUTH POTOMAC D ISTRICT, 1725 S AL Unit WI NA GB TOT Gooa 2 0 2 Beans bushels 0 342 0 395 53 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Iron pounds 10 0 10 Peas bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Plank pieces 0 21 21 Plank feet 0 14 0 14 0 Pork hhds 0 32 0 32 Pork barrels 3 111 114 0 Staves 0 22298 22298 0 Tobacco hhds 66 66 rels 0 0 Tobacco bar 57 0 57 0 Wheat bushels 09 53 460 22496 230 TOTAL 1316 TABLE 635 FROM TITY OF GOODS EXPORTED QUAN 726 OUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 1 S it NA GB TOTAr, Good Un 0 164 Beans bushels 164 89 bushels 628 9 0 62 Corn 4 0 78 4 78 Deer Skins 0 627 627 Iron pounds 0 129 eas bushels 129 P 6 0 6 Plank pieces 1850 1850 Plank feet 0 0 10600 600 Pork pound s 10 0 3 rels 3 Pork bar 0 97700 97 700 Staves 21 21 0 Tar barre ls 6 6 0 Tobacco tubs 0 4902 4 902 Tobacco hhds 0 32 32 els Tobacco barr 0 401 401 Wheat bush els 1317 TABLE 636 OM UE OF GOODS E XPORTED FR VAL 726 OUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 1 S TA[ Onit 'f'J A GB TO Gooa 2 12 0 1 Beans bushel s 0 464 Corn bushe ls 464 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 s 0 Iron pound 0 10 0 1 Peas bushe ls 0 ces 0 0 Plank pie 2 0 2 Plank feet 0 89 89 Pork pound s 5 0 5 Pork barre ls 0 152 15 2 Staves 0 11 11 Tar barre ls 7 0 7 Tobacco tubs 2906 0 22906 2 Tobacco hhds 75 els 0 75 Tobacco barr 53 hels 5 3 0 Wheat bus 23153 23786 633 TOTAL 1318 TABLE 637 FROM ANTITY OF GOO DS EXPORTED QU MAC DISTRICT, 1727 SOUTH POTO GB TOTAL Good Unit NA 120 0 120 Beans bushels 0 2000 0 200 Corn bushel s 0 450 otton pounds 450 C 4 0 83 4 83 Deer Skins 80 80 0 Peas bushel s 8 20 2 8 Plank pieces 270 27 0 Plank feet 0 0 13 13 Pork hhds 6 0 I 126 Pork pound s 112 63 els 63 0 Pork barr 83480 85280 1800 Staves 0 1300 130 0 Staves and heading 18 18 0 Tobacco tubs 0 40 40 Tobacco barre ls 2564 2564 0 Tobacco hhds 12 0 12 Walnut 8 logs 168 0 16 s Wheat bush el 1319 TABLE 638 OF GOODS EXPOR TED FROM VALUE C DISTRICT, 1727 SOUTH POTOMA ~A GB TOTA[ Good Unit 0 8 Beans bushels 8 0 135 Corn bushels 135 0 0 0 Cotton pounds 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 5 5 Peas bushels 0 0 Plank pieces 0 0 0 0 Plank feet 0 42 Pork hhds 42 9 0 9 Pork pounds 101 0 IO I Pork barrels 3 126 129 Staves 2 2 0 Staves and heading 0 21 21 Tobacco tubs 94 94 0 Tobacco barrel s 0 12069 120 69 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 Walnut logs 0 18 ls 18 Wheat bushe 321 12312 1 2633 TOTAL 1320 TABLE 639 DS EXPORTED F ROM UANTITY OF GO O Q T, 1730 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRIC NA GB TOTA[ Good Unit 0 700 Beans bushels 700 00 bushels 20 0 0 2 Corn 519 61 580 Deer Skins 44 44 Pig iron tons 0 0 2000 200 0 Plank feet 2 0 2 Pork hhds 0 44500 44500 Staves 10 10 0 Tobacco tubs 0 2313 23 13 Tobacco hhds 7 7 obacco barrels 0 T 0 300 300 Wheat bushe ls 0 24 24 Wine pipes 1321 TABLE 640 EXPORTED FR OM ODS VALUE OF GO , 1730 SOUTH POTOM AC DISTRICT NA GB TOT AL Gooa Unit 0 44 Beans bushe ls 44 3 hels 13 0 1 Corn bus 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 2 2 Plank feet 0 8 Pork hhds 8 0 0 0 Staves 0 0 10 1 Tobacco tubs 0 9196 91 96 Tobacco hhds 14 14 0 Tobacco barr els 36 0 heat bushels 36 W 324 324 0 Wine pipes 9647 101 9546 TOTAL 1322 TABLE 641 ODS EXPORTED FROM QUANTITY OF G O , 1731 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT nit GB TO TAL Good U 6161 Corn bushels 0 180 1198 Deer Skins 0 2 20 Iron pounds 40 40 Pig iron tons 16 16 Plank pieces feet 1981 2031 Plank 650 late ounces 650 P 0 6 800 Pork pounds 2 2 Rum hhds 2 2 Rum tierce s 68000 68000 Staves 6 6 Tobacco tubs 12 12 Tobacco barre ls 3513 3513 Tobacco hhds 0 229 Wheat bush els 1323 TABLE 642 LUE OF GOODS E XPORTED FROM VA T, 1731 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRIC Onit NA GB TOTAL Good bushels 332 0 332 Corn 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Iron pounds 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 0 lank pieces 0 P 0 2 2 Plank feet 0 175 175 Plate ounces 2 0 62 Pork pounds 6 0 18 18 Rum hhds rces 0 10 10 Rum tie 100 100 0 Staves 0 5 5 Tobacco tubs 0 21 2 1 Tobacco barrel s 0 12377 1237 7 Tobacco hhds 0 18 Wheat bushe ls 18 20 412 12708 13 1 TOTAL 1324 TABLE 643 M TITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FRO QUA N , 1733 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT IRE TOTA[ Unit WI NA GB Cooa 0 0 280 280 Beans bushels 0 50 0 0 4840 43 Corn bushels 490 30 0 0 630 0 6 Deer Skins 0 14 0 14 0 Iron tons 10 0 1 0 0 0 Pitch barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Plank pieces 100 5320 150 50 20470 0 Plank fee t 0 0 50 00 0 5000 Pork pounds 0 7 0 7 0 hhds 0 0 45 Pork 0 45 gallons 00 11100 60700 Rum 4960 0 0 21 Staves 0 0 21 tubs 2312 0 2312 Tobacco 0 0 8 Tobacco J1hds 0 8 0 0 Tobacco barrels 0 2 0 0 2 0 18 Turpentine barrels 0 0 18 ks 0 0 330 Wax cas 0 330 Wheat bushels 1325 TABLE 644 ROM LUE OF GOODS EXPORTED F VA ISTRICT, 1733 AC D SOUTH POTOM GB IRE TOTAL WI NA Good Unit 0 0 18 18 Beans bushels 0 0 0 305 ushels 31 274 Corn b 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 0 Iron tons 5 0 0 5 0 barrels 0 0 0 Pitch 0 0 22 Plank pieces 0 6 1 6 Plank feet 0 0 0 36 0 36 20 Pork pounds 20 0 0 Pork hhds 0 3 0 0 3 0 Rum ga llons 0 67 15 82 0 Staves 0 19 0 19 0 0 8497 Tobacco tubs 0 8497 s 0 0 15 Tobacco hhd 15 0 0 0 2 Tobacco barrels 0 2 ne barrels 0 0 0 0 Turpenti 0 0 s 0 0 30 Wax cask els 0 30 Wheat bush 11 31 9054 86 31 381 TOTAL 1326 TABLE 645 FROM A NTITY OF GOO DS EXPORTED QU 4 UTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 173 SO OTAL 'Onit WI NA GB T Good 0 251 0 251 Beans bushels 10839 6078 0 16917 Corn bushels 48 2711 3059 0 3 Deer Skins 0 0 36 36 Iron tons 0 65.5 65 .5 0 Pig iron tons 46 246 0 0 2 Pitch barrels 35 5117 5152 Plank feet 0 4 0 4 Pork hhds 0 4100 0 41 00 0 Pork pounds 0 11 1 1 50 Pork barrels 6 0 0 6 5400 69500 410 Staves 0 2929 29 29 0 13 Tobacco hhds 13 s 0 0 190 Tobacco barrel 0 0 190 Wheat bushel s 1327 TABLE 646 ALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM V CT, 1734 SOUTH POTOMAC DISTRI NA GB TOTAL Gooa Unit WI 0 15 0 15 Beans bushels 361 0 1 005 Corn bushels 644 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 lron tons 0 0 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 93 93 Pitch barrels 0 0 5 5 0 Plank feet 10 0 10 0 Pork hhds 26 0 26 0 Pork pounds 0 142 arrels 7 8 64 Pork b 0 87 92 5 Staves 0 13809 13809 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 31 31 0 Tobacco barrels 0 2 hels 0 20 Wheat bus 14025 15248 727 496 TOTAL 1328 TABLE 647 OM NTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FR QUA AC DISTRICT, 173 6 SOUTH POTOM TAL 'Onit WT NA GB TO Gooa 553 0 553 0 Beans bushels 5680 0 6580 900 Corn bushels 365 305 60 Deer Skins 0 0 0 1080 1080 Heading (hhd) 99 ns 0 0 99 Pig iron to 280 1930 2869 Plank feet 659 0 12850 0 12850 Pork pounds 5 0 5 0 Pork barrels 53640 6678013140 0 Staves 5 2505 ds 0 0 250 Tobacco hh 7 7 0 0 Tobacco barrels 25 0 2 5 0 Walnut tons 0 100 1 00 0 Walnut 80 logs 280 0 2 busl1els 0 1 0 1 Wheat Wine qtr cask s 0 1329 TABLE 648 OM ALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FR V OUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 1736 S OTAL Unit WI NA GB T Gooa 31 0 31 Beans bushels 0 321 0 372 Corn bushels 51 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 2 2 Heading (hhd) 0 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 2 3 1 Plank feet 0 0 80 0 8 Pork pounds 6 0 6 Pork barrels 0 0 75 93 18 Staves 0 968 1 9681 0 Tobacco hhds 0 14 14 Tobacco barrels 0 0 0 0 0 Walnut tons 0 0 0 0 Walnut 27 logs 27 0 hea t bushels 0 W 0 1 sks 0 Wine qtr ca 9772 103 10 72 466 TOTAL 1330 TABLE 649 M OF GOODS EX PORTED FRO QUANTITY MAC DISTRICT , 1737 SOUTH POTO SEU TOTA[ Unit WI NA GB Good 0 0 95 0 95 4922.5 Beans bush els 0 1300 1 3122. 5 10500 5401 Corn bush els 4829 0 0 572 489 Deer Skins 489 0 0 0 25 0 25 Heading 0 0 Logs 100 (walnut) 20 80 0 0 eas bushe ls P 0 195 0 195 0 48 Pig iron tons 0 0 0 48 rels 204 0 8534 Pitch bar 330 8 Plank fee t 0 0 150 0 150 0 s 0 21 Pork pound 21 0 Pork barrels 0 0 706400 706400 12 0 12 Staves 0 830 Tobacco tubs 0 0 3 0 3830 7 obacco hhds 0 7 0 T 0 22 Turpentine barrel s 0 0 0 4 0 422 Wheat bush els 1331 TABLE 650 GOODS EXPORT ED FROM VALUE OF ICT, 1737 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTR GB SEU TOTA L wr NA Gooa Un it 6 0 0 6 0 Beans bushels 911 191 641 0 79 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 1 0 1 0 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 5 0 0 6 Peas bushels 1 0 0 0 0 Pig iron tons 0 15 0 15 0 0 12 Pitch barrels 12 0 0 0 1 Plank feet 0 0 Pork pounds 0 0 0 34 0 34 132 Pork barrels 0 132 0 0 0 13 Staves 0 0 13 7096 Tobacco tubs 0 1 0 0 17096 0 3 Tobacco hhds 0 3 0 0 48 Turpentine barrels 0 sJ1els 0 48 Wheat bu 79 18278 192 735 17272 TOTAL 1332 TABLE 651 S EXPORTED FRO M QUANTITY OF G OOD 38 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 17 GB SEU TOTAL Unit NA Good 0 75.5 75.5 Beans bushels 0 338 818 0 1156 Deer Skins 17 0 17 0 Logs (walnut) 0 5.5 30.5 Peas bushels 25 0 61 0 61 Pig iron tons 0 1739 et 600 1139 Plank fe 0 155 5 0 Pork pounds 15 8 0 0 8 Pork hhds 2000 34050 600 36650 Staves 0 1866 0 1866 Tobacco hhds 0 2418 27 57 Wheat bushels 339 1333 TABLE 652 PORTED FROM EX VALUE OF GOOD S OUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 1738 S U TOTAL Unit NA GB SE Good 0 5 5 Beans bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 2 2 Peas bushels 380 0 38 0 0 Pig iron tons 2 0 3 1 Plank feet 0 0 1 1 Pork pounds 0 0 30 30 Pork hhds 72 1 7 7 4 Staves 800 0 8 800 0 8 Tobacco hhds 262 299 hels 37 0 Wheat bus 597 75 9254 268 9 TOTAL 1334 TA BLE 653 GOODS EXPOR TED FROM QUANTIT Y OF C DISTRICT , 1739 SOUTH POTOMA TAL nit WI NA GB TO Good U 0 40 0 40 Beans bushels 2 0 2 Beans barrels 0 7700 0 8635 Corn bushels 935 0 1 1 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 764 764 0 Deer Skins 3 sks 0 0 3 Furs and ca skins 0 5 5 0 Furs and cases skins 0 0 1 000 1000 Heading 0 240 2 40 0 26 Hoops 0 26 0 Logs 1 (walnut) 0 0 1 hhds 0 0 80 Peas 0 8 Peas bushels 0 0 124 124 n tons 0 1990 19 90 Pig iro 0 15 Plank fee t 15 0 0 0 90700 Pork barrels 0 0 9070 14 Staves 14 0 0 834 4834 Tobacco barrels 0 0 4 1230 Tobacco hhds 0 1230 0 Wheat bushe ls 1335 TABLE 654 F GOODS EXPO RTED FROM VALUE O AC DISTRICT, 1 739 SOUTH POTOM A GB TOTAL WI N Good Unit 2 0 2 Beans bushels 0 0 0 0 0 Beans barrels 320 0 35 9 39 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Furs and casks 0 skins 0 0 0 0 Furs and cases skins 0 2 2 0 Heading 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Logs 0 (walnut) 0 0 0 3 Peas hhds 0 els 0 3 Peas bush 0 73 1 731 0 tons 3 3 Pig iron 0 0 24 Plank feet 24 0 rk barrels 0 172 172 Po 0 0 26 26 Staves 0 0 acco barrels 0 18029 18029 Tob 0 102 Tobacco hhds 0 102 0 Wheat bush els 18963 19453 39 451 TOTAL 1336 TABLE 655 F GOODS EXPOR TED FROM QUA NTITY O C DISTRICT, 1740 SOUTH POTOMA NA GB TOTA[ Good Onit bushels 850 0 850 Beans 0 bushels 15400 0 1540 Corn 6 420 426 Deer Skins 0 20 Peas bushels 20 0 148 14 8 Pig iron tons 4 4840 629 4 145 Plank feet 8300 0 8 300 Pork pounds 100700 l 00700 0 Staves 4627 4627 0 Tobacco hhds 0 1280 1280 Wheat bushels 1337 TABLE 656 DSEXPORTEDFR OM VALUEOFGOO 740 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 1 NA GB TOT A[ Gooa Unit 0 39 Beans bushels 39 0 698 Corn bushels 698 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 1 Peas bushels 1 0 845 84 5 Pig iron tons 2 8 10 Plank feet 0 58 Pork pounds 58 0 203 2 03 Staves 5 0 17985 1798 Tobacco hhds 0 126 126 Wheat bushel s 19965 924 19041 TOTAL 1338 TABLE 657 OM NTITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FR QUA 741 SOUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 1 Unit WI ~A GB TOTAL Gooa 110 10 l00 0 Beans bushels 120 120 0 0 1320 Corn bushels 478 1325 1803 0 Deer Skins 0 4 4 Deer Skins boxes 0 0 78 78 0 Iron tons 0 6 6 0 Logs (wa lnu t) 0 0 316 2 3162 Plank feet 0 8000 0 8000 Pork pounds 0 1 0 1 Pork hhds 91410 91410 0 0 Staves 0 5121 512 1 0 Tobacco hhds 0 220 20 200 Wheat bushels 1339 TABLE 658 OM VALUE OF GOOD S EXPORTED FR OUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 1741 S 'Onit wr 'fiJA GB TOTAL Gooa 9 0 10 1 Beans bushels 123 bushels 11 112 0 Corn 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 boxes 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 5 12 512 Iron tons 0 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 8 8 0 Plank feet 0 68 0 68 Pork pounds 0 3 0 3 Pork hhds 0 281 28 1 0 Staves 0 24450 24 450 0 Tobacco hhds 0 34 31 Wheat bushels 3 89 15 223 25251 254 TOTAL 1340 TABLE 659 XPORTED FROM QUANTITY OF G OODS E 42 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 17 A GBT OTAL Good Unit N 330 0 330 Beans bushels 0 6800 Corn bushels 6800 1 1 Deer Skins hhds 0 5 0 15 1 Deer Skins 0 300 3 00 Hoops 0 110 1 10 Pig iron tons 0 3680 368 0 Plank feet 103556 103556 0 Staves 34 0 5334 5 3 Tobacco hhds 0 17 17 Tobacco barre ls 57 hels 5 7 0 Wheat bus 0 1 1 Wine pipes 1341 TABLE 660 OF GOODS EXPO RTED FROM VALUE H POTOMAC DIS TRICT, 1742 SOUT NA GB TOTAL Good Unit 28 0 28 Beans bushels 0 574 574 Corn bushels 0 0 Deer Skins hhds 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Hoops 0 633 633 Pig iron tons 0 7 7 Plank feet 0 239 2 39 Staves 0 28029 280 29 Tobacco hllds 0 45 45 Tobacco barrels 0 6 Wheat bushe ls 6 15 0 15 me p,p 608 28986 29576 TOTAL 1342 TABLE 661 ODS EXPORTED FROM QUANTITY OF GO T, 1743 SOUTH POTOMAC DISTRIC Unit NA GB TOTA[ Good 0 15 Beans bushels 15 0 4800 Corn bushels 4800 0 s 538 432 97 Deer Skin 200 200 0 Hoops 0 22 22 Logs (walnut) 0 7 Peas bushels 7 115 0 115 Pig iron tons 4965 4965 0 Plank feet 0 99300 9 9300 Staves 16 5714 57 30 Tobacco hhds 3 3 Tobacco barrels 0 0 465 Wheat bushel s 465 1343 TABLE 662 OF GOODS EXP ORTED FROM VALUE POTOMAC DIST RICT, 1743 SO UTH GB TOTAL Good Ornt NA 0 1 Beans bushels 0 321 orn bushels 321 C 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Logs (walnut) 0 0 0 Peas bushe ls 00 0 600 6 Pig iron tons 8 8 0 Plank feet 206 206 0 Staves 27834 27912 78 Tobacco hhds 7 7 0 Tobacco barre ls 0 41 heat bus/1e/s 41 W 441 28655 29096 TOTAL 1344 TABLE 663 FROM ANTITY OF GOO DS EXPORTED QU 4 UTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 174 SO TOTAL 111t NA GB SEU Gooa U 0 90 90 0 Beans bushels 0 0 2 Bread barrels 2 228 0 456 228 Deer Skins 0 42 60 Flour barrels 18 0 0 35 Peas bushels 35 25 0 25 Pig iron tons 0 208 0 3208 0 3 5 Plank fee t 25 20 0 rk barrels 1561 58211 Po 0 56650 Staves 0 3 0 3 Tar , pitch, barrel s and turpentine 7 0 4667 0 466 2 Tobacco hhds 0 1821 227 451 Wheat bushels 1345 TABLE 664 VALUE OF GOODS EXPORTED FROM UTH POTOMAC D ISTRICT, 1744 SO TAL U111r NA GB SEU TO Good 0 0 4 Beans bushels 4 1 barrels 1 0 0 Bread 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 17 24 Flour barrels 7 0 0 2 Peas bushels 2 123 0 123 0 Pig iron tons 0 5 feet 0 5 Plank 0 45 45 Pork barrels 0 3 104 0 101 Staves 1 0 1 0 Tar, pitch, barrels and turpentine 17109 0 1 7109 0 obacco hhds 136 170 T shels 34 0 Wheat bu 201 17588 48 17339 TOTAL 1346 TABLE 665 ODS EXPORTED FROM UANTITY OF GOQ T, 1745 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRIC ~A GB UNK TOTAL Good Urnt 0 0 40 Beans bushels 40 0 0 2800 Corn bushels 2800 410 0 686 Deer Skins 276 0 780 0 780 Hoops 0 80 0 80 Pig iron tons 7474 0 74 74 Plank feet 0 0 8 els 8 0 30 Pork barr 4000 140030 0 1 Staves 0 46 0 46 Tar barrels 0 0 8039 201 824 Tobacco hhds 0 0 300 Wheat bushels 300 1347 TABLE 666 GOODS EXPORTED FROM VALUE OF SOUTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 1745 ~A GB ONK TOTAL Gooa Onit 0 2 Beans bushels 2 0 135 0 0 13 5 Corn bushels 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Hoops 366 0 366 Pig iron tons 0 t 0 1 0 0 10 Plank fee 0 0 12 Pork barrels 12 235 Staves 0 235 0 0 14 0 14 Tar barrels 263 732 29995 Tobacco hhds 0 29 0 0 22 22 Wheat bushels 732 30791 TAL 1 71 29888 TO 1348 TABLE 667 OM TITY OF GOODS EXPORTED FR QUA N RICT, 1746 SOUTH POTOMA C DIST 'NA CB TOTAL Cooa Urnt WI 0 64 0 64 Beans bushels 1650 0 445 0 Corn bushels 2800 0 63 0 63 Deer Skins 0 600 0 0 6 0 Hoops 0 10 0 10 Peas bushels 0 56 56 0 Pig iron tons 6830 6830 fee t 0 0 Plank 22 0 2 2 0 Pork barrels 0 1 1 2 um hhds 74840 7484 0 R 0 0 2 Staves 0 0 6172 617 Tobacco hhds 12 12 0 0 Tobacco barrels 3 3 0 0 Turpentine barrels 370 0 370 0 1 Wheat bushels 0 0 Wine pipes 1349 TABLE 668 GOODS EXPORT ED FROM VALUE OF RICT, 1746 SOUTH POTOM AC DIST NA GB TOTAL WI Good Unit 3 0 3 0 Beans bushels 83 0 225 Corn bushels 142 0 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 1 0 1 Peas bushels 0 0 202 202 Pig iron tons 12 12 0 Plank feet 0 0 33 0 33 Pork barrels 9 18 0 9 Rum hhds 170 170 0 0 Stave 0 23494 234 94 0 Tobacco hhds 0 23 23 0 1 Tobacco barrels 0 0 1 Turpentine barrels 30 0 30 0 bushels 13 13 Whea t 0 Wine pipes 0 23924 24225 142 159 TOTAL 1350 TABLE 669 Y OF GOODS EX PORTED FROM QUANTIT 9 UTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 174 SO NA GB TDT A[ Good Unit 0 40 0 4 Beans bushels 00 0 20 00 20 Corn bushels 0 188 18 8 Deer Skins 2280 2280 0 Hoops 0 8 8 Logs (walnut) 0 15 15 Peas bushels 0 48 48 Pig iron tons 0 7253 7 253 Plank feet 0 139500 139 500 Staves 0 21 21 Tar barrels 6916 6916 0 Tobacco hhds 0 2 Wheat bushels 2 1351 TABLE 670 F GOODS EXPOR TED FROM VA LUE O 49 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 17 Onit NA GB TOTA[ Good 3 0 3 Beans bushels 153 0 1 53 Corn bushels 0 0 0 Deer Skins 0 0 0 Hoops 0 0 0 Logs (wa lnu t) 0 1 1 Peas bushels 240 240 0 Pig iron tons 18 18 0 Plank fee t 427 427 0 Staves 0 6 6 Tar barrels 38180 38180 0 Tobacco hhds 0 0 Wheat bushels 0 157 38871 39028 TOTAL 1352 TABLE 671 F GOODS EXPORTED FROM QUANTITY O SOUTH POTOMAC DISTR ICT, 1750 wr ~A GB SEO TDiA[ (Jooa Unit Bea n bushels 0 0 0 318 318 0 3300 14815 Corn bu hels 4769 6746 0 680 Heading 680 0 0 0 1824 0 1824 Hoops 0 0 156 207 Pea bushel 51 0 0 30 0 30 Pig iron ton 0 0 1800 8895 1523 12218 Plank feet 1 3930 99114 Staves 6103 0 8908 0 0 6615 0 6615 Tobacco hhds 0 40 40 Wax pounds 0 0 0 350.5 350.5 Wheat bushels 0 0 1353 TABLE 672 VALUE OF GOODS EXPO RTED FROM SOUTH POTOMAC DIST RICT, 1750 Qood Un it wr 'FJA GB SEU TDTA.[ 0 24 24 Bea n bushel 0 0 248 1112 Corn bushels 358 506 0 0 0 0 8 Heading 8 0 0 0 0 0 Hoops 0 12 16 Peas 0 bushel 4 155 0 155 Pig iron ton 0 0 5 25 4 34 Plank feet 0 0 312 14 347 Staves 21 5 0 38775 Tobacco hhds 0 0 3877 0 0 0 Wax 0 pound 0 0 46 46 Wheat bushels 0 0 40517 391 51 I 39267 348 TOTAL 1354 TABLE 673 ROM TITY OF GOODS EXPORTED F QUAN 51 UTH POTOMAC DISTRICT, 17 SO E TOTA[ WI N A GB IR Q"ood Onit 0 0 6668 0 Bi cuits pounds 666 8 0 0 7443 2320 Corn bushels 5123 2450 0 5395 0 ops 1500 0 5 o 46 0 146 H 0 10 43 Pig iron tons 0 20 243 0 990 Plank pieces 0 18 0 88 75 Plank feet 10 115 0 109292 2300 0 141894 e 9602 436 0 64 36 Stav 0 6 Tobacco hhds 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6 Tobacco barrels 0 0 Tobacco boxes 6 1355 TA BLE 674 S EXPORTED FRO M VA LUE OF GOOD 51 SOUTH POTOMA C DISTRICT, 17 GB TRE TOTA[ NA ~ 20 ,000 ?100 ,000 E--- 10,000 ?50,000 0 - - ?0 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 116. Scottish Imports of Tobacco (in thousands of pounds) and the Value of Scottish Exports to the Chesapeake (in? Sterling , "Offical Values"). Source: Appendix 6, Table 1069. 1-.-0 ?I.O' 1970 va lue" series because they were valued in prices that were unchanging over time. In converting the English seri es to current values, Mccusker used the Schumpeter- G ilhoy price index, because it was " . . . a CPI constructed for prec ise ly the peri od o f interest to us here . . 8 .. " T his series is reproduced in Table 1070 below , along w ith the Bri t ish CPI M ccusker constructed covering a much longer time peri od .9 Bo th o f these seri es were also graphed in Figure 117. A lthough from 1697 to 1745 these two indices were roughly parall el , there was a marked divergence after 1745. By the 1760s and 1770s, thi s di vergence was considerable. Both the English and Scotti sh export va lues below were defl ated using the Briti sh CPI , not the Schumpeter-Gilboy price index that M ccusker suggested in his earlier work. The British CPI was used because it more close ly parallels pri ce indices in the British co lonies , as demonstrated in Appendi x 2. I f the economies or Bri ta in and her co lonies moved in roughly parallel directions, then the British CPI would have more accurately refl ected price movements during thi s per iod . To convert the English seri es to a current va lue ser ies, the British CPI ca lculated to a base of 1700-02 was used. To convert the Scotti sh seri es to a current va lue series, the Briti sh CPI ca lculated to a base or 1754- 1756 was used . T hese data are in Table 107 1 below, and graphed in Figure 11 8. These current va lues were 8M cCusker , "Current Value," 6 17. 1 ' Both o f these indices can be found in McCusker , Ho1v Muc/J is T/Jot in Real Money? A Hisrorirnl Price Index fo r use as a Dejlmor of Money Va lues in tl1e Economy of r/J e United States, (Worces ter , MA : American Antiquarian Soc iety , 1992) , Table B- I , 337-350. 150 140 Schumpeter-Gilboy 130 British CPI '- "' 600 ,000 ~ 400 ,000 200 ,000 0 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 Year Figure 11 8. Current Value of British , English, and Scottish Exports to Maryland and Virginia , 1697-1774. in ? Sterling . Source : Appendix 6 , Tablel071 . I.O --..J N 1973 then used in ca lculating both regional and overall balances of trade. The regional balances of trade are given in Tables I 072 through I 075 below. Except for the trade to Great Britain , these fi gures are simply the total exports from the various Chesapeake ports to a single region less the total imports into the va rious Chesapeake ports from that same region . The data used for these ca lculations came from the tab les in Appendi x 4. The balance of trade with Great Britain was ca lcu lated differently . First, fi ve percent was added to the current va lue of British ex1 orts to the Chesapeake. As British exports were va lued at prices in Great Britain , the va lue of these goods in the Chesapeake must have commiss ion and freight added . In the numerous invo ices that survive from London tobacco merchants, 2.5 % was usuall y added for the commiss ion and 2.5 % was added for the freight. Based on thi s, a fiv e percent figure was used for commiss ion and freight. The resulting va lue for Chesapeake imports from Great Brita in was then subtracted from the Briti sh balance or trade information from the Chesapeake NOSLs to yield the ac tual British balance or trade. These data are given in Table 1076. To calculate the ex ternal balance o r paymelll s for the Chesapea ke, the est imated earnings from ship ownership were added to the overa ll balance or trade. /\ ppendi x 5 explained how these estimates were made, and they arc reproduced in Table 1077. The annual hesapeake balance or payments, both in current ? Ster ling and constant ? Sterling, are given in Table 1078. 1974 Table 1079 calculates the cumulative balance of payments as the sum or all the annual balances of payment from 1725 to that date. For the purposes of thi s d issertation, it was assumed that the total Chesapeake debt in 1725 was zero . There is almost no in fo rmation on Chesapeake debt before thi s period. While thi s assumption is most likely untrue, it does not in va lidate any di scuss ion or the changing levels of ex ternal debt fo r the Chesapeake. The debt per white is simply the cumulati ve fi gure di vided by the estimated white population of the Chesapeak 10e . The trade earnings per white, fo und in Table 1080, are the total va lue of exports from the Chesapeake di vided by the white population. The rat io or trade ea rnings to debt is a rough measure or the return on the amount o r debt that the Chesapeake owed. For those years that the cumulati ve balance of payments was negati ve ( l 735 to 177 1), the total earnings fo r that parti cular yea r were di vided by the debt (o r cumulati ve ba lance or payments) fo r that yea r. 10These population estimates can be found in Appendi x 2. 1975 TABLE 1068 " OFFICIAL VALUES " OF EXPORTS FROM ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND TO MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA , 1697- 1774 Year Value of Goods Exported from Value of Goods Va lue or Goods England to Maryland Exported From Exported From and Virginia Scotland to Maryland Scotland to Virginia (? Ster Ii ng) (? Sterling) (? Sterling) 1695 1696 1697 58 ,796 1698 310 , 135 1699 205 ,078 1700 173,48 1 1701 199,683 1702 72 ,39 1 1703 196,713 1704 60 ,458 1705 174,322 1706 58 ,015 1707 237 ,901 1708 79 ,061 1709 80 ,268 1710 127,639 1711 91 ,535 1712 134,583 1713 76 ,804 1714 128 ,873 1715 199,274 1716 179,599 1717 215 ,962 1718 191 ,925 1719 164,630 1720 110,717 1721 127 ,376 1722 172,754 1723 123 ,853 1724 161 ,984 1725 195 ,884 1976 Year Va lue of Goods Expo rted from Value of Goods Value of Goods Eng land to Mary land Exported From Exported From and Virg inia Scotl and to Maryland Scotland to V irg inia (? Sterling) (? Sterling) (? Ste rling) 1726 185 ,98 1 1727 192 ,965 1728 17 1,092 1729 108 ,93 1 1730 150 ,93 1 173 1 17 1,278 1732 148 ,289 1733 186 ,177 1734 172,086 1735 220 ,38 1 1736 204 ,794 1737 2 11 ,30 1 1738 258 ,860 1739 2 17 ,200 1740 28 1,428 528 74 ,724 174 1 248 ,582 2 ,449 70 ,204 1742 264 , 186 11 ,272 8 1,726 1743 328 , 195 8 ,237 11 2, 550 1744 234 ,855 555 77 ,905 1745 197 ,799 4,640 82 ,033 1746 282,545 6,000 142 ,361 1747 200 ,088 16,2 11 146 ,337 1748 252,624 19,23 1 146,38 1 1749 323 ,600 9,109 85 ,144 1750 349 ,4 19 14 ,34 1 94 ,529 175 1 347 ,027 17,550 11 3,449 1752 325 , 15 I 7 ,609 124 ,99 1 1753 356 ,776 6 ,046 120 ,901 1754 323 ,5 13 9,877 96 ,288 1755 285 , 157 8,493 9 1,002 1756 334 ,897 14.097 74 ,399 1757 426.687 16,6 15 85,676 1758 438 ,47 1 19, 147 89 ,296 1759 459 ,007 15,858 96 ,38 1 1760 605 ,882 43 ,044 11 2 ,02 1 176 1 545 ,350 45 ,664 86 ,5 14 1977 Year Va lue of Goods Exported fro m Va lue or Goods Va lue of Goods England to Maryland Exported From Exported From and Virginia Scotland to Maryland Scotland to Virginia (? Ster! ing) (? Sterling) (? Sterling) 1762 4 17 ,599 19,759 104 ,976 1763 555 ,39 l 20 ,923 175 ,11 2 1764 5 15,192 18,234 155 ,266 1765 383,224 27 ,0 12 108 ,642 1766 372 ,548 37,790 I 09 ,39 1 l767 437,628 30,538 184 ,506 1768 475 ,954 40 ,774 152 ,795 1769 488 ,362 5 1,5 12 175 ,069 1770 7 17 ,782 54 ,458 224 ,9 I 7 177 1 920 ,326 52 ,999 250 ,40 1 1772 793 ,9 10 50 ,747 170,9 13 1773 428 ,904 15 ,887 144 ,636 1774 528 ,738 24 ,454 136 ,874 Sources: Value of Goods Exported from England to Maryland and Virginia: US Department of Commerce , Bureau of the Census, f-li srorical Srarisrirs of the Uni red Stares: Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Offi ce, 1975) Seri es Z222 , 2: 11 76. Va lue of Goods Exported from Scotl and to Maryland and Value of Goods Exported from Sco tl and to Virginia: Jacob M. Price, " New Times Seri es for Scotland 's and Britain 's Trade with the Thirteen Colonies and States, 1740 to 179 1," William and Ma ry Quarrerly, 3d ser. , 32 (1975) :307-325 . 1978 TABLE 1069 TOTAL OFFICIAL VALUE OF SCOTTISH EXPORTS TO THE CHESAPEAKE FROM 1740 TO 1774, ESTIM ATED OFFICIAL VALUE OF SCOTTISH EXPORTS TO T HE CHESAPEAKE FROM 1707- 1739 , AND SCOTTISH IMPORTS Of TOBACCO , 1707- 1774 Year Va lue of Goods Estimated Value of Goods Scottish Exported from Scotl and Exported from Scotland Tobacco Imports to Maryland and Virginia to Mary land and Virginia (thousands of (? Sterling) (? Sterling) pounds) 1707 1708 14,490 1,449 1709 14,490 1,449 1710 14,490 1,449 1711 14,490 1,449 1712 16,990 1,699 1713 19,490 1,949 1714 2 1,990 2, 199 1715 24,490 2,449 1716 24,490 2,449 1717 24 ,490 2,449 17 18 26 ,990 2,699 1719 29,490 2,949 1720 3 1,990 3, 199 1721 40,900 4 ,090 1722 67 ,200 6,720 1723 47 ,830 4,783 1724 57 , 170 5,7 17 1725 4 1,930 4, 193 1726 38 ,580 3,858 1727 69 ,720 6,972 1728 72,340 7,234 1729 7 1,920 7, 192 1730 55 ,260 5,526 1731 40 ,960 4,096 1732 56 ,040 5,604 1733 58 ,09 1 5,809 1734 60 , 142 6,0 14 1735 62, 193 6,2 19 1736 64 ,243 6,424 1979 Year Va lue of Goods Estimated Value of Goods Scottish Exported from Scotland Exported from Scotl and Tobacco Imports to Maryland and Virginia to Maryland and Virginia (thousands of (? Sterling) (? Sterling) pounds) 1737 66 ,294 6,629 1738 45 ,880 4 ,588 1739 66 ,430 6,643 1740 75,252 75,252 5,303 174 1 72 ,653 8,925 1742 92,998 9 ,739 1743 120,787 10,627 1744 78 ,460 10,727 1745 86 ,673 13,6 12 1746 148,36 1 11 ,729 1747 I 62 ,548 12,757 1748 165 ,6 12 16 ,922 1749 94 ,253 22 ,229 1750 108,870 17 ,95 1 175 1 130 ,999 19 ,998 1752 132,600 20 ,089 1753 126,947 22 , 13 1 1754 106 , 165 16 ,7 12 1755 99 ,495 15 ,20 1 1756 88 ,496 12,2 14 1757 102,29 1 17 ,860 1758 108 ,443 25 ,693 1759 11 2 ,239 14 ,886 1760 155 ,065 32, 183 176 1 132, 178 26,262 1762 124 ,735 26 ,708 1763 196 ,035 32 ,839 1764 173 ,500 26 ,347 1765 135 ,654 33 ,160 1766 147 , 181 29 ,344 1767 2 15,044 28,938 1768 193 ,569 66 ,237 1769 226,58 1 36 ,303 1770 279 ,375 38,907 177 1 303 ,400 47 ,269 1772 22 1,660 45 ,260 1773 160 ,523 44 ,543 1980 Year Va lue of Goods Estimated Va lue of Goods Scottish Exported from Scotl and Ex ported from Scotl and Tobacco lmports to Maryland and Virginia to Maryland and Virgin ia (thousand s of (? Sterling) (? Sterling) pounds) 1774 16 1,328 4 1,348 Sources: Va lue of Goods Exported from Scotland to Maryland and Virginia: Table 1068 . Es timated Va lue of Goods Exported from Scotl and to Maryland and Virginia: Scotti sh Tobacco Imports in thousands of pounds mul tiplied by 10 (sec tex t fo r explanation). Scottish Tobacco Imports: Jacob M . Price , France and the Chesapeake: A f-lis10,y of the French Tobacco Monopoly, I 674- 1791, and of Its Relationship to 1he British and America Tobacco Trades (A nn Arbor, Ml : Uni versity of Michigan Press , 1973) Appendi x, Table 1, 843-845. For miss ing data from 171 2 to 17 14 and 17 18- 1720 , stra ight line interpolation was used . For miss ing data from 1732 to 1737 , stra ight line interpolation between the average imports fo r 1727 to 1731 and the average annual imports from 1738 to 1742 was used . 1981 TABLE 1070 BR IT ISH CONSUMER PRICE INDEX AND SCHUMPETER-GILBOY PRICE IND EX , 1695-1774 Year Schumpeter-Gilboy Price Index British CPI British CPI British CPI ( I 700-02 = 100) (1860= 100) (1700-02 = 100) (1754-56 = 100) 1695 49.1 105. 2 107.8 1696 53.0 11 3 .6 11 6.4 1697 11 2.3 52.7 I 12 .9 I 15.7 1698 11 1. 3 58.4 125. I 128 .3 1699 113 .8 58.8 126 .0 129. 1 1700 104 .0 51.1 109.5 11 2.2 1701 97.2 44.6 95.6 98.0 1702 98 .7 44.3 94.9 97.3 1703 96.3 41.9 89 .8 92.0 1704 97.2 44 .7 95.8 98.2 1705 92.9 41.7 89.4 9 1. 6 1706 96.8 44.4 95. 1 97.5 1707 89 .0 40.4 86 .6 88.7 1708 9 1. 9 43.5 93.2 95.5 1709 100 .6 53.0 11 3 .6 11 6.4 1710 110.9 60.7 I 30 .1 133 .3 1711 I 18.6 67.7 145. I 148 .7 1712 96.8 48.6 104. 1 106.7 17 13 94.8 45.2 96.9 99 .3 17 14 94.3 48.3 103.5 106 . 1 1715 92.4 49 .2 105.4 108. 1 17 16 9 1.4 49 .1 105.2 107 .8 1717 90.0 45 .8 98 .1 100. 6 1718 89.5 43 .8 93 .9 96 .2 17 19 9 1.9 46.3 99 .2 10 1. 7 1720 93.8 48 .3 103 .5 106 . 1 1721 91. 9 46.0 98 .6 101 .0 1722 89.0 42 .2 90.4 92. 7 1723 85.1 40 .0 85.7 87 .8 1724 88.0 44.8 96 .0 98.4 1725 89 .5 46.4 99.4 101 .9 1726 94.3 48.5 103 .9 106.5 1727 93.8 45.4 97 .3 99 .7 1982 Year Schumpeter-Gilboy Price Index British CPI British CPI British CPI ( 1700-02 = 100) (] 860 = 100) ( 1700-02 = 100) ( 1754-56 = I 00) 1728 94.3 49 .4 105.9 108 .5 1729 96.8 5 1. 8 111. 0 11 3 .8 1730 93.8 45.6 97.7 100 .1 173 1 89.0 42 .1 90.2 92.5 1732 87.0 42.4 90.9 93 .1 1733 83 . 1 4 1.4 88.7 90.9 1734 84.6 39.4 84.4 86.5 1735 83.6 40.3 86.4 88. 5 1736 82.2 4 1. 0 87.9 90. 0 1737 84.6 44 .2 94.7 97 .1 1738 83 .6 42 .8 9 1. 7 94.0 1739 8 1. 2 4 1.6 89. 1 9 1.4 1740 9 1. 9 49 .0 105 .0 107.6 174 1 99. 7 54.2 11 6. l I 19.0 1742 95.3 48.0 102.9 105.4 1743 90 .0 44. 1 94.5 96 .9 1744 88.5 39.4 84.4 86 .5 1745 80 .7 40.2 86 .1 88 .3 1746 89.5 45.2 96 .9 99 .3 1747 85.6 43.7 93.6 96.0 1748 89.0 45 .6 97 .7 100 .1 1749 90 .9 46.4 99.4 IOI .9 1750 89 .0 44.9 96.2 98.6 175 1 85. 1 43.7 93 .6 96 .0 1752 84 .6 45 .7 97.9 100 .4 1753 84. 1 44.5 95.4 97.7 1754 87.0 46.8 100.3 102 .8 1755 89.0 44.0 94 .3 96.6 1756 90 .0 45.8 98. 1 100 .6 1757 98.7 55.8 11 9.6 122.5 1758 100 .6 55 .6 I I 9 .1 122. 1 1759 97.7 5 1. 2 109.7 I 12.4 1760 97.2 48.9 104.8 107.4 176 1 94.8 46 .7 100 . 1 102 .6 1762 95.3 48.6 104. 1 106.7 1763 98.2 49.8 106 .7 109 .4 1764 98.7 54.3 11 6.4 I 19 .3 1765 99.7 56.2 120.4 123 .4 1983 Year Schumpeter -Gilboy Pri ce Index Briti sh CPI Bri tish CPI Briti sh CPI ( 1700-02 = 100) (1860 = 100) ( 1700-02 = 100) ( 1754-56 = 100) 1766 100.2 56.8 12 1.7 124.7 1767 I 01.1 60 .1 128.8 132.0 1768 100.2 59.4 127.3 130 .5 1769 92.9 54 .6 11 7.0 11 9.9 1770 94.3 54.3 l I 6.4 11 9.3 177 1 97.7 59.0 126.4 129.6 1772 104.5 65.3 139 .9 143.4 1773 106 .0 65. 1 139 .5 143 .0 1774 104.0 65.7 140.8 144 .3 1775 102 .6 62.0 132.9 136.2 Sources: Schumpeter-G ilboy Price Index and British CPI ( 1860 = 100): John J. Mccusker, How Muell is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for use as a Def/aror of Money Va lues in the Economy o.f the United Stares, (Worcester, MA: Amer ican A ntiquarian Society, 1992) , Table B- 1, 337-350 . Br itish CPI ( 1700- 02 = 100) and Briti sh CPI ( 1754-56= 100) were ca lculated from Briti sh CPI ( 1860= 100) by changing the base years to those indicated. 1984 TABLE 1071 CURR ENT VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM ENGLAND, SCOTLAND , /\ND GREAT BRITA IN TO M A RYLAN D AND V IRGIN I/\ , 1697- 1774 English Exports Scotti sh Exports Briti sh Exports To M ary land to M aryland to M ary land and V irginia and V irginia and V irginia Year (? Sterling) (? Sterling) (? Sterling) 1695 1696 1697 66 ,397 66,397 1698 388 , 11 2 388, 11 2 1699 258 ,398 258 ,398 1700 189 ,962 189 ,962 170 1 190 ,840 190 ,840 1702 68 ,720 68 ,720 1703 176 ,620 176 ,620 1704 57 ,9 10 57 ,9 10 1705 155,769 155 ,769 1706 55 , 197 55 , 197 1707 11 9,383 11 9,383 1708 73,696 13,843 87 ,539 1709 9 1,162 16,866 108 ,028 1710 166 ,022 19,3 16 185 ,338 17 11 132,79 1 2 1,544 154 ,335 17 12 140 , 159 18, 134 158,293 17 13 74 ,390 19,347 93 ,737 17 14 133 ,384 23 ,326 156,7 10 17 15 2 10,092 26 ,462 236,554 17 16 188,964 26 ,408 215,372 1717 2 11 ,95 1 24 ,633 236 ,585 17 18 180 ,135 25 ,963 206,098 1719 163 ,336 29,987 193 ,323 1720 11 4,592 33 ,934 148 ,526 172 1 125,556 4 1,3 19 166 ,876 1722 156,2 19 62 ,28 1 2 18,500 1723 106 , 160 42 ,0 18 148 , 177 1724 155,505 56 ,249 2 11 ,754 1725 194 ,765 42 ,728 237 ,493 1726 193,287 4 1,094 234 ,38 1 1985 English Exports Scottish Exports British Exports To Mary land to Maryland to Maryland and Virginia and Virginia and Virginia Year (? Sterling) (? Sterling) (? Sterling) 1727 187 ,727 69,516 257,243 1728 181 , 11 3 78,483 259,596 1729 120 ,9 13 8 1,818 202 ,732 1730 147 ,48 1 55 ,34 1 202,822 1731 154 ,5 17 37 ,872 192 ,389 1732 134 ,73 1 57 ,77 1 192 ,502 1733 165 , 166 52,038 2 l 7,204 1734 145,290 50,557 195,847 1735 190,3 15 52 ,769 243,083 1736 179 ,926 54,760 234,686 1737 200 , 132 60, 193 260,325 1738 237 ,4 12 43, 126 280 ,537 1739 193 ,6 18 60 ,692 254 ,3 10 1740 295 ,499 80 ,98 1 376,48 1 1741 288,710 86,482 375, l 92 1742 27 1,734 98 ,036 369,770 1743 3 10, 144 11 6,985 427, 129 1744 198,285 67 ,89 1 266, 176 1745 170,390 76 ,521 246,9 11 1746 273,665 147 ,275 420,940 1747 187 .368 156 ,003 343,37 1 1748 246,850 165 ,854 4 12,704 1749 321 ,75 1 96 ,047 4 17,798 1750 336 , 191 107,356 443 ,547 175 1 324 ,966 125 ,725 450 ,69 1 1752 3 18,4 16 133 ,085 45 1,50 1 1753 340 ,2 11 124 ,066 464 ,277 1754 324 ,437 109, 11 8 433 ,556 1755 268 ,862 96 , 145 365,007 1756 328 ,677 89 ,0 14 4 17 ,692 1757 5 10, 196 125 ,355 635 ,55 1 1758 522 ,407 132,4 18 654 ,825 1759 503 ,596 126 ,207 629 ,804 1760 634 ,878 166 ,530 80 1,408 1761 545 ,740 135,565 68 1,304 1762 434 ,900 133, 136 568 ,035 1763 592 ,682 2 14 ,404 807,086 1986 English Exports Scottish Exports British Exports To Maryland to Mary land to M ary land and Virg inia and Virginia and Virginia Year (? Sterling) (? Sterling) (? Sterling) 1764 599 ,463 206 ,904 806 ,367 1765 46 1,5 11 167 ,432 628 ,944 1766 453 ,444 183 ,599 637 ,043 1767 563 ,602 283 ,839 847 ,442 1768 605 ,82 1 252,5 18 858 ,340 1769 57 1,384 27 1,698 843 ,082 1770 835 , 19 1 333 , 164 1,168 ,355 177 1 1,163 ,555 393 , 132 1,556,687 1772 I , 11 0,907 3 17,886 1,428 ,793 1773 598 ,321 229 ,503 827 ,824 1774 744 ,388 232 ,780 977 , 168 Sources: Tables 1068 and 1069 , modifi ed by app ropriate British CPI from Table 1070. See tex t ror discussion of method . 1987 TABLE 1072 CHESA PEA KE REGIONAL BALANCES OF TRADE WITII THE WEST INDI ES, NORTH AMERICA , GREAT BRITAIN , AND IR ELAND, 1725- 177 1 (CU RR ENT? STERLING) Year Wes! fnd1es North America Great Britain Ireland 1725 -23707 -6309 137600 - 1800 1726 -26806 -2973 10 1729 0 1727 -6487 -573 5639 0 1728 -82 17 -939 - I 11 8 0 1729 -9948 -1304 39 149 0 1730 - 11 924 -1670 17874 0 173 1 - 104 19 1825 81767 0 1732 - 16268 2772 -9 193 0 1733 -28007 26373 -35269 174 1734 -12467 26826 25320 0 1735 - 12699 18671 -46952 7 1736 - 17586 12589 -46462 14 1737 - 1266 1 8962 6564 -7 16 1738 - 14333 88 14 -6952 1 12 13 1739 - 16334 577 - 1890 0 1740 -37 105 12332 - 172502 11 05 174 1 - 100 13 14795 2643 2383 1742 - 18 175 3508 -24082 0 1743 -26892 - l 1803 - 136478 -790 1744 -23398 13 -27750 0 1745 -374 15 -222 30272 - 1547 1746 -3447 1 -5966 -165652 -35 14 1747 -40275 -5 107 -43059 - 1375 1748 -46079 -4247 -75582 -67 1 1749 -46628 -351 -58698 - 1482 1750 - 15335 4622 50484 15 1751 -60835 5 15 18707 - 1048 1752 -259 12 23 19 9 1797 -559 1753 -2 1835 11 976 - 17030 -3 183 1754 -20574 -4 1495 27238 152 1 1755 -35466 15520 329 1 826 1756 - 11 378 238 14 - 153425 1243 1757 -8754 18043 -239809 5410 1758 -9 140 35602 - 132578 2598 1988 Year West Indies North America Great Bri ta in Ireland 1759 - 14743 33270 -59285 23 11 1760 -237 12 483 11 -11 2938 11 89 1761 -45392 36353 -103430 2456 1762 -744 27890 27264 9 13 1763 -33442 226 18 -303249 832 1764 -111 0 1 20409 -376460 68 1765 1667 24 165 -219222 7088 1766 -30929 12108 - 134484 3902 1767 -27959 8183 -305296 8098 1768 -278 19 7970 -297883 6970 1769 -11 487 8655 -165392 24284 1770 -10703 -7565 -300290 32163 177 1 -13595 -258 17 -460254 31403 Sources: Appendix 4 and Table 107 1. 1989 TABLE 1073 CHESA PEA KE REG ION AL BALANCES OF TRADE WI TH NO RT HERN EURO PE, SOUTHERN EUROPE, AFRI CA , AND UNKN OWN , 1725- 177 1 (CU RR ENT ? ST ERLING) Year Northern Europe Southern Europe Afri ca Unknown 1725 0 -42 11 -30335 - 1739 1726 0 267 -6659 1 2455 1727 0 -1050 0 I 1728 0 -148 1 0 0 1729 0 -1194 0 0 1730 0 -1935 -1 l 927 863 173 1 0 -1033 -3238 -110 1732 0 -888 -43238 0 1733 0 -4084 -30072 0 1734 0 -383 5 -2 1599 0 1735 0 -5 104 -43 173 -55 1736 0 -3830 -90805 0 173 7 0 -351 8 -64284 0 1738 0 -5309 -44006 0 1739 0 -3849 -70593 -34 1740 0 456 1 -44043 0 174 1 0 -15967 -3915 1 0 1742 0 -9605 -52508 0 1743 0 -359 I -75873 0 1744 0 -10 197 -28888 0 1745 0 -7266 -25 132 1647 1746 0 -7537 -26493 0 1747 0 -85 11 0 0 1748 0 -9485 0 0 1749 0 -9534 -60846 0 1750 0 -3397 -23025 0 175 1 -23 5 1 -19039 0 1752 1125 4835 - 150946 0 1753 0 15892 0 - 147 1754 0 5 120 -7944 266 1755 0 -4383 0 0 1756 0 -3 1 -4469 0 1757 0 -6385 0 0 1758 0 - 11 5 10 0 0 1990 Year Northern Europe Southern Europe Africa Unk nown 1759 0 - 16863 - 12056 0 1760 0 -17828 -59914 202 1761 0 -17422 -62723 0 1762 0 - I 1805 -64093 0 1763 3272 -8953 -54439 44553 1764 0 10842 -251 17 4030 1765 0 32167 -4 124 0 1766 0 34068 - 1511 2 1905 1767 0 49411 -3452 0 1768 0 59785 - 12554 2789 1769 0 121457 - 12438 0 1770 0 104385 -4760 0 177 1 0 56271 -3993 600 Sources: Appendi x 4. 199 1 TABLE 1074 CH ESA PEA KE REGION AL BALA NCES O F TRADE WI TH THE WEST INDI ES , NORTH AMERI CA, GREAT BRITAIN , AND IRELA ND, 1725- 177 1 (CONSTA NT? STERUN G, 1730 = 100) Yea r West Indies North Ameri ca Great Brita in lrelancl 1725 -24 123 -6420 14001 4 - 1832 1726 -285 11 -3 163 108 198 0 1727 -6459 -57 1 56 14 0 1728 -8902 - 101 7 - 12 11 0 1729 - 11 300 -1482 44472 0 1730 -11 924 -1670 17874 0 173 1 -96 19 1685 75491 0 1732 -15126 2578 -8548 0 1733 -25427 23944 -3202 1 158 1734 -10772 23 178 2 1877 0 1735 -11 223 1650 1 -41495 6 1736 - 158 12 11 3 19 -4 1775 12 1737 -12273 8687 6362 -694 1738 - 13453 8273 -65252 11 38 1739 - 1490 1 527 - 1724 0 1740 -3987 1 13252 - 185364 11 87 174 1 - 11 902 17586 3 14 1 2832 1742 - 19 13 1 3693 -25350 0 1743 -26007 - 11 414 - 13 I 989 -764 1744 -202 17 11 -23977 0 1745 -32984 -196 26687 - 1364 1746 -34 169 -59 14 -164 199 -3483 1747 -38597 -4894 -4 1265 - 13 18 1748 -46079 -4247 -75582 -67 1 1749 -47446 -357 -59728 - 1508 1750 - 15100 455 1 49709 15 175 1 -58300 494 17928 -1005 1752 -25968 2324 9 1998 -560 1753 -2 1308 11687 - 16620 -3 106 1754 -2 111 6 -42587 27955 156 1 1755 -34222 14975 3 176 797 1756 - 11 428 239 19 - I 54098 1248 1757 - 107 12 22079 -293450 6620 1758 -111 44 434 10 -16 1652 3 168 1992 Year West Ind ies North Ameri ca Great Britain Ireland 1759 - 16553 37355 -66566 2595 1760 -25428 51807 -121111 1275 1761 -46487 37230 -105925 25 15 1762 -793 29725 29058 973 1763 -36522 2470 1 -33 11 80 909 1764 - 132 19 24302 -448285 8 1 1765 2055 29782 -270 18 1 8736 1766 -38525 15082 -1675 16 4860 1767 -36850 10785 -402374 10673 1768 -36238 10382 -388032 9079 1769 - 13754 10363 - 198035 29077 1770 - 12744 -9009 -357582 38300 177 1 - 17590 -33403 -595504 40630 Sources : Table 1072 deflated by Bri tish CPI with the base changed to 1730. Br iti sh CPI fro m John J. McCusker , How Much is That in Real Money ? A 1-Jistorical Price Inc/ex for use as a De.flator of Money Values in 1/Je Economy of the United States , (Worceste r, MA : Ameri can Antiquari an Society , 1992) , Tab le 8 - 1, 337-350 . 1993 TABLE 1075 C HESA PEA KE REGION AL BALANCES OF T RADE WIT H NO RT HERN EU ROPE, SOU TH ERN EU ROP E, AFRI CA, AND UNKNOWN , 1725- 177 1 (CO NSTA NT ? STERLIN G, 1730 = 100) Yea r Northern Europe Southern Europe Afri ca U nknown 1725 0 -4285 -30867 - 1770 1726 0 284 -70826 26 11 1727 0 -1045 0 l 1728 0 -1605 0 0 1729 0 -1356 0 0 1730 0 -1935 - 11 927 863 173 1 0 -954 -2989 -102 1732 0 -826 -40204 0 1733 0 -3707 -27302 0 1734 0 -33 14 -18662 0 1735 0 -4511 -38 155 -49 1736 0 -3444 -81645 0 1737 0 -34 10 -623 11 0 1738 0 -4983 -41 304 0 1739 0 -35 11 -64400 -3 1 1740 0 490 1 -47327 0 174 1 0 -18978 -46535 0 1742 0 -10 111 -5527 1 0 1743 0 -3473 -73377 0 1744 0 -88 10 -24960 0 1745 0 -6406 -22 155 1452 1746 0 -7470 -2626 1 0 1747 0 -8 156 0 0 1748 0 -9485 0 0 1749 0 -970 1 -6 I 9 13 0 1750 0 -3345 -22672 0 175 1 -22 49 - 18245 0 1752 11 27 4846 - 15 1277 0 1753 0 15508 0 - 143 1754 0 5255 -8 153 273 1755 0 -4229 0 0 1756 0 -3 l -4488 0 1757 0 -78 13 0 0 1758 0 -14034 0 0 1994 Year Northern Europe Southern Europe Afri ca Unknown 1759 0 -18933 -13536 0 1760 0 -1911 8 -64250 2 17 176 1 0 -17842 -64236 0 1762 0 - 1258 1 -683 10 0 1763 3573 -9777 -59453 48656 1764 0 129 11 -29909 4799 1765 0 39644 -5082 0 1766 0 42435 -18824 2373 1767 0 65123 -4550 0 1768 0 77878 - 16353 3633 1769 0 145428 - 14893 0 1770 0 124300 -5668 0 1771 0 72807 -5166 777 Sources: Table 1073 defl ated by Bri tish CPI with the base changed to 1730. Bri tish CPI fro m John J . Mccusker , How Much is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for use as a Dejlator of Money Va lues in the Eronomy of the United States , (Worcester , MA : Ameri can Antiquari an Society, 1992), Tab le B- 1, 337-350. 1995 TA BLE 1076 OVERALL CHESA PEA KE ANN UA L BALANCES OF TRADE (C URRENT? STERLING AND CONSTANT ? STERLIN G, 1730 = 100) Ba lance of Trade Balance of Trade Year (Current ? Sterling) (Constant ? Sterling) 1725 69499 707 19 1726 8080 8594 1727 -2471 -2460 1728 -11 755 -12735 1729 26704 30334 1730 -87 19 -87 19 173 1 68793 635 12 1732 -668 14 -62 126 1733 -70885 -64356 1734 14244 12308 1735 -89305 -78926 1736 - 146080 - 13 1344 1737 -65653 -63638 1738 - 123 14 1 - 115580 1739 -92 123 -84042 1740 -235652 -253223 174 1 -453 11 -53856 1742 -100862 - 106 170 1743 -255427 -247024 1744 -9022 1 -77954 1745 -39663 -34966 1746 -243633 -24 1496 1747 -98327 -94230 1748 - 136064 - 136064 1749 - 177539 - 180653 1750 13364 ]3 158 175 1 -6 1670 -59 101 1752 -77340 -775 10 1753 - 14328 - 13982 1754 -35868 -368 I I 1755 -202 12 - 19502 1756 - 144245 - 144878 1757 -23 1495 -283277 1758 - 11 5028 - 140254 1996 Balance of Trade Balance of Trade Year (Current ? Sterling) (Constant ? Sterling) 1759 -67365 -75638 1760 -164690 - 176608 176 1 - 190158 - 194745 1762 -20575 -2 1928 1763 -328808 -359093 1764 -377329 -449320 1765 - 158259 - 195047 1766 -128542 - 160 11 4 1767 -27 101 4 -357 192 1768 -260743 -339652 1769 -3492 1 -4 18 13 1770 - 186770 -222403 177 1 -4 15385 -537449 Source: Tables 1072 through I 075. 1997 TABLE 1077 CHESA PEA KE EA RNIN GS FROM SHIPPING AND CHESAPEAKE ANN UAL BA LANCE OF TRADE WITH ALL REGIONS EXCEPT GREAT BRITAIN AN D AFRICA, 1725-177 1 Ea rnings from Balance of Trade with Earnings from Chesapeake All Reg ions Except Chesapeake Owned Shipping Great Britain and Africa Owned Shi pp ing (Constant ? Sterling, (Constant ? Sterling, Y ear (Current ? Sterling) 1730= 100) 1730= 100) 1725 5258 5350 -33078 1726 8634 9183 -19596 1727 11 727 11 676 3602 1728 12646 13700 2176 1729 13585 15432 1294 1730 14493 14493 - 173 173 1 14839 13700 47 11 1732 16030 14905 153 1 1733 17020 15452 104 19 1734 22 134 19125 282 17 1735 20695 18290 190 14 1736 19130 17200 9276 1737 24268 23523 15834 1738 21236 19932 10907 1739 20372 18585 668 1740 21987 23626 3095 174 1 15766 18739 8277 1742 179 13 18856 -6693 1743 17005 16446 -252 13 1744 19294 1667 1 -12346 1745 18247 16086 -23411 1746 2430 1 24088 -26949 1747 26694 25582 -27383 1748 320 17 320 17 -28465 1749 35538 36 161 -2285 I 1750 65 143 64 143 50264 175 1 57675 55272 -35 11 1752 627 15 62853 4462 1 1753 611 95 597 19 62356 1754 65037 66748 10135 1998 Earnmgs from Balance of Trade with Earnings from Chesapeake All Regions Except Chesapeake Owned Shipping Great Britain and Africa Owned Shipping (Constant ? Sterling, (Constant ? Sterling, Year (Current ? Sterling) 1730 = 100) 1730 = 100) 1755 64932 62654 39975 1756 66373 66664 80372 1757 60598 74 153 84326 1758 572 12 69758 911 57 1759 56327 63244 67708 1760 67 124 71982 80734 176 1 69396 71070 46486 1762 65 150 69436 86760 1763 82328 899 11 121450 1764 95483 11 3700 142574 1765 107855 132927 213143 1766 99241 123616 14984 1 1767 11 2104 14775 1 197483 1768 122563 159654 224388 1769 142879 171079 342 193 1770 150290 178964 3198 11 177 1 140955 182376 245597 Sources: Appendi x 5 and Tables 1072 through 1075. 1999 TABLE 1078 ANNUAL CHESA PEA KE BALAN CE OF PAYM ENTS, 172S- 1771 Annual Balance Annual Balance or Pay ments or Payments Year (Current ? Sterling) (Constant? Sterling; 1730 = 100) 172S 74757 73468 1726 8080 7597 1727 -2471 -248 1 1728 -11755 - 1085 1 1729 26704 23507 1730 -87 19 -8719 1731 68793 74512 1732 -66814 -71857 1733 -70885 -78076 1734 14244 16486 173S -89305 - 10 1050 1736 - 146080 - 162470 1737 -656S3 -67733 1738 - 123 14 1 - 13 1197 1739 -92123 - 100981 1740 -235652 -2 19301 1741 -45311 -38 12 1 1742 - 100862 -958 I 9 1743 -255427 -264 1 IS 1744 -90221 - 1044 18 1745 -39663 -4499 1 1746 -243633 -245789 1747 -98327 - 102602 1748 -136064 - 136064 1749 - 177539 - 174478 1750 13364 13572 1751 -6 1670 -64352 1752 -77340 -77 17 I 1753 - 14328 - 14682 1754 -35868 -34948 1755 -202 12 -20947 1756 -144245 - 1436 1S 1757 -23 149S - 189 179 1758 - I 15028 -94340 2000 Annual Balance Annual Balance of Pay ments of Pay ments Year (Current? Sterling) (Constant ? Sterling; 1730= 100) 1759 -67365 -59997 1760 - 164690 - 153576 176 1 -190158 - 185679 1762 -20575 - 19305 1763 -328808 -301078 1764 -377329 -3 I 6873 1765 -158259 - 128409 1766 - 128542 - 103 196 1767 -27 10 14 -205628 1768 -260743 -200 166 1769 -3492 1 -29 165 1770 -186770 - 156845 1771 -4 15385 -32 1043 Sources: Tables 1076 and 1077 . 2001 TABLE 1079 CUMULATIVE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS FO R T HE CHESAPEAKE COLON IES AND DEBT PER WHITE, 1725- 177 1 Cumulati ve Cumulati ve Surplus/Debt Per Surplus/Debt Per Balance Balance Whi te Whi te of Payments of Payments (Constant ? (Constant? (Current? (Constant ? Ster Ii ng, Sterling, Sterli ng, Year Sterling) 1730= 100) 1730= 100) 1700-02 = 100) 1725 74757 73468 0 .49 0.50 1726 82837 81065 0.53 0.54 1727 80367 78584 0 .50 0.51 1728 686 12 67733 0.42 0.43 1729 953 15 91240 0.55 0.56 1730 86596 8252 1 0.48 0.49 1731 155389 157033 0 .89 0.92 1732 88574 85 176 0.47 0.49 1733 17690 7100 0.04 0.12 1734 3 1934 23586 0 .13 0. 13 1735 -5737 1 -77464 -0.40 -0.4 1 1736 -20345 I -239934 - l. 22 - 1.25 1737 -269 105 -307667 - 1.54 - 1.57 1738 -392246 -438864 -2. 15 -2 .20 1739 -484369 -539845 -2 .59 -2.65 1740 -72002 1 -759146 -3.57 -3 .66 174 1 -765332 -797267 -3.73 -3 .8 I 1742 -866 194 -893086 -4. 15 -4.24 1743 - 11 21620 -11 5720 I -5.33 -5.46 1744 -121 184 1 - 126 16 19 -5.78 -5.9 1 1745 -125 I 504 - 13066 10 -5.94 -6.08 1746 -1495 137 -1552399 -7 .0 1 -7 .18 1747 -1593464 - 165500 1 -7.43 -7 .60 1748 - 1729528 -179 1065 -7.99 -8. 17 1749 - 1907066 -1965543 -8.71 -8. 91 1750 -1893703 - 195 197 1 -8.59 -8 .79 175 1 - 1955373 -20 16323 -8 .55 -8.75 1752 -20327 14 -2093494 -8 .57 -8 .77 1753 -2047041 -2 108 176 -8 .34 -8 .54 1754 -2082909 -2143 124 -8.20 -8 .39 1755 -2103 12 1 -216407 1 -8.02 -8.2 1 2002 Cumulati ve Cumulative Surplus/Debt Per Surplus/Debt Per Balance Balance White White of Payments of Pay ments (Constant? (Constant ? (C urre nt ? (Constant? Sterling, Sterling, Sterling, Year Sterling) 1730= 100) 1730 = 100) 1700-02 = I 00) 1756 -2247366 -2307686 -8.29 -8.49 1757 -247886 1 -2496865 -8.70 -8.9 1 1758 -2593889 -259 1205 -8.77 -8.98 1759 -266 1254 -265 1202 -8.72 -8 .93 1760 -2825944 -2804778 -8.98 -9. 19 176 1 -30 16 102 -2990457 -9.32 -9.53 1762 -3036677 -3009762 -9. 13 -9.35 1763 -3365485 -33 10840 -9.79 - 10 .02 1764 -37428 14 -362771 3 -10 .46 - 10.7 1 1765 -3901073 -3756 122 - 10 .57 - 10.82 1766 -40296 16 -38593 18 -10 .6 1 -10 .85 1767 -4300630 -4064946 - 10. 91 -1 I .17 1768 -456 1373 -4265 11 2 -11 . 19 -11 .46 1769 -4596294 -4294277 - 11. 02 - 11 .28 1770 -4783063 -445 11 22 - 11 . 18 -1 I .44 177 1 -5198448 -4772 165 - 11. 74 - 12.0 1 Sources : Cumulat ive Balance o f Pay ments: both co lumns are running tota ls from the respective co lumns in Table 1078. Surplus/ Debt per Whi te: Cumul ati ve Ba lance of Payments d ivided by Est imated White Population or Chesapeake (Sec Appendix 3). Last co lumn de fl ated by Briti sh C PI ca lcul ated so the base was 1700-02. 2003 TABLE 1080 TRADE EA RNIN GS PER WHITE AN D RATIO OF TRADE EA RNINGS TO DEBT, 1725- 1771 Tracie Earnings per White Ratio of Tracie Earnings to Debt Year (Constant ? Sterling , 1730= 100) (Constant ? Sterling , 1730 = 100) 1725 2.70 1726 2 .34 1727 2. 11 1728 1.79 1729 1.57 1730 1. 65 1731 1.88 1732 1.43 1733 1.59 1734 1. 98 1735 1. 69 4. 19 1736 1.49 1.22 1737 1.79 1.16 1738 1.49 0.69 1739 1.69 0 .65 1740 1. 34 0 .38 174 1 1.93 0 .52 1742 1. 95 0.47 1743 1.79 0.33 1744 1.69 0.29 1745 1.75 0 .30 1746 1. 53 0 .22 1747 1. 80 0.24 1748 1.94 0 .24 1749 2. 10 0 .24 1750 2.94 0 .34 175 1 2.74 0.32 1752 2.92 0 .34 1753 2.56 0 .3 1 1754 2.39 0 .29 1755 2 .03 0 .25 1756 1.55 0 . 19 1757 1.62 0. 19 1758 1.99 0 .23 2004 Trade Earnings per White Ratio of Trade Earnings to Debt Year (Constant ? Sterling, 1730= 100) (Constant ? Sterling, 1730 = 100) 1759 2.26 0.26 1760 2.78 0 .3 1 176 1 2.48 0.27 1762 2.43 0.27 1763 2.21 0 .23 1764 1.76 0. 17 1765 1.70 0. 16 1766 1.78 0. 17 1767 1.82 0. 17 1768 1.93 0. 17 1769 2.62 0.24 1770 3.02 0.27 1771 3.10 0.26 Source : T rade Earnings per White ca lculated by adding total exports from the Chesapeake (Appendix 4) and earnings from shipping (Appendix 5) , di vided by the white population of the Chesapeake (Appendix 3), and deflating this value by the Bri ti sh CPI based on 1730 = 100. Ratio of Trade Earnings to Debt ca lculated by add ing the total exports from the Chesapeake (Appendix 4) and earnings from shipping (Appendi x 5), denating thi s va lue by the British CPI based on 1730 = I 00 , and then div iding by the cumulative balance or payments in constant ? Sterling from Table 12. 2005 TA BLE 108 1 MEAN TOTAL ESTATE VALUE FOR FOU R CHESA PEA KE COUNTIES, 1636- 1777 (CONSTANT? MARY LA ND PAPER CU RRENCY; 1700-02 = 100) Yea r Anne Arundel, MD St . Mary's, MD Somerset, MD Yo rk, VA 1642.5 49.2 166 1.5 45.6 197.4 1667 .5 132.93 167 1.0 11 5.6 91.8 143. 1 1682.5 166. l 1 l 6.8 122.5 10 1.5 1693 .5 149 109 .9 94.6 11 4 .6 1704.5 232 .2 11 5 103.3 154.9 17 16.0 275 .7 124 105 .5 208 .9 1727 .5 535.7 125 .9 11 8.5 176.2 1738.5 464 .2 115.9 144.4 236.3 1749 .5 34 1.6 132 2 10.7 296 .1 1767.0 450. 1 2 16.6 250.4 496 1772.5 400.7 244 197.6 492.5 Source: Fil es of the Histo ric St. Mary's C ity Commiss ion. A graph of thi s data was pub li shed as Figure l 3 in Lois Green Carr and Lorena S. Walsh, "Changing Lifesty les and Consumer Behavior in the Colonial Chesapeake," in Cary Carson, Ro nald Hoffman, and Peter J. Albert , eds . Of Consuming Interests: The Style of l)f'e in the Eighteenth Ce11tu1y (Charl ottesv ille, VA: Uni versity Press of Virginia, 1994) , 11 9. T he yea rs are mid-po ints for peri ods of three to fo ur yea rs fo r which the data was compiled . 2006 Terms of Trade The "terms of trade" fo r any particular economy is defined as the ratio of the price index of exports to the price index of imports in constant money terms. This fi gure essentiall y measures the change in buying power fo r the products of an economy. l f the terms of trade fi gure increased, it took less exports to buy a cert ain amount of imports. Thus, materi al life improved as people obtained more goods with the same amount of produce, or produced less to consume at the same level. lf, however , the terms of trade figure decreased, material life worsened as people ohtained less goods with the same amount of produce, or needed to produce more to consume at the same level. The calculation of terms o t' trade started with two price indices: one for imports and one fo r exports. Both of these used the Paasche fo rmul a to construct the index , defin ed as fo llows: where: is the inc.lex number fo r year i; q; is the quantity weight fo r a commodity in year i; /J; is the price of the commod ity in year i; and Po is the pri ce of the commodity in the hase year . 11 11 Dav id L. Sill s, ed. , lnrernational Encyclopedia of rlre Social Sciences (New York: Macmillan, 1968). 2007 The appropriate va lue for the quantity we ight , q;, has generated a grea t dea l or debate among economic hi stori ans. Some, like Irving Fisher , fo rce full y argued that if the price data available covered a broad enough number o f commodities, any quantity weighting was unnecessary . Anne Bezanson and John J. M cCusker have 12 fo llowed Fisher 's lead in compiling their own indices by letting q; equal I . Other economic historians have used estimated we ights for q;, sometimes covering a decade or more. P. M. G. Harri s used a stati c we ighting method fo r more than two centuries of Chesapeake price history. 13 George F. Warren, Frank A. Pear on, and Herman A. Stoker used we ights that were adj usted every decade in their work on New York prices.1.j A nd , George R. Tay lor used constant we ighting 12Anne Bezanson, Robert D. Gray , and Miriam Hussey, Prices in Colonial Pennsylvania (Phil adelphia: Uni ver ?ity o f Pennsy l vania Press, 1935) ; Anne Bezanson, " Wholesa le Commodity Prices at Philadelphia, 1700- 186 1," in A rthur 11 . Co le Wh olesale Co111111odity Prices in the United Swtes, 1700-186 / (Cambridge, M A: Harvard Uni versity Press , 1938); John J. M cCusker , J-lo\V Mu ch is Thm in Real Money ? A llistorical Price Index.for Use as a De.flmor qfMoney Va lues in rhe Economy of the United Slates (Worcester , M A: Ameri can A ntiquarian Soc iety, 1992); and John J. McCusker , llow Much is Tl!m in Real Monev ? A llistorirnl Price Index fo r Use as a De.flator of Money Values in the Econo111y of the United Stmes: Addenda and Corrigenda (Worcester . M A: Ameri ca n Antiquari an Soc iety, 1997) . 1' P. M . G. Harri s, ?' Inflation and Defl ation in Early America , 1634- 1680: Patterns of Change in the British A meri can Economy, " Social Science f-listo,y 20 ( I 996): 469-505. 14George F. Warren, Frank A . Pearson, and llerman M. Stoker , " W holesa le Commodity Prices at New York , 1720- 186 1," in A rthur H . Cole Wholesale Commodity Prices in the United States, 1700-186 / (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Uni versity Press, 1938) ; ancl G. F. Warren and F. A. Pearson, Wholesale Pricesj(n 213 Yea rs, 1720 to 1932 , Cornell Uni ver ity Agri cu ltura l Experiment Station, Memoir 142 (Ithaca , NY : Cornell Uni versity, 1932). 2008 dur ing periods that ranged from ten to fifteen years in hi s work on Charl eston prices . 15 Thi s price indices in thi s work were compiled differently from either of the methods above. Both of those methods use approx imations fo r the 4uantity wc: ight , Cf;, whether it be one (argued from a theoretica l standpoint) or estimated we ights that change every ten to fi ftee n years (presumably from empirica l data) . The method adopted here uses the quantity data and es timates from the Naval Offi cer Shipping Lists, allowing the quantity weighting facto rs to change annuall y. This method started from the fact that the numerator of the Paasche equation was also the total va lue of exports (o r imports) fo r a given yea r, i . This was then di vided by the total va lue of exports (or imports) eva luated with the prices for a base yea r, p0 . Idea ll y, these indices would be ca lculated by tak ing the quantities fo r a ll of the va rious export s (o r imports) fro m the Chesapeake fo r a particular yea r and first mul tiply ing by their respective prices in yea r i to obta in the numerato r, and then multiplying by their respecti ve prices in yea r Oto obtain the denominator. However, complete quantit y data fo r the all Chesapeake ports does not ex ist fo r any yea r . The fo llowing equation holds fo r the Chesapeake: 15Gcorge R. Tay lor, " Wholesa le Commod ity Prices at Char leston, South Caro lina, 1732- 186 1," in Arthur 11 . Cole Wlw lesale Co1111nodiry Pri ces in rli e Uni red Sra res, 1700-186 ! (Cambridge, M/\: ll arva rd Universit y Press, 1938) ; George R. Tay lor, "Wholesa le Commod ity Prices at Charl eston, South Caro lina, 1732- 179 1," Journal of Eco110111i r and Business f-fisro,y 4 ( 1932):356-377. 2009 q, = q ,rn 10 + Cji.lR lJP + q ,YOl{K + .. .+ q,Ano where is the total quantity of a good exported from all Chesapeake ports in year i ; % RLO is the quantity of a good exported from James Ri ver, Lower District in year i ; q ,JR UP is the quantity of a good exported from James River, Upper Di stri ct in yea r i ; q ,YoRK is the quantity of a goocl exported from York Ri ver District in year i ; and so on to the other Chesapeake ports, until reaching Accomack District. Substituting this equation in the general Paasche fo rmula fo r constructing a price index , yields: I CJl.1 1{1. () ' p, + q,.l l{ll l'' p,+ ...+ Cf 11\('l'() ? p, [ , = Lq,m1.o? p o+ q ,11w 1> ? p o+ ... +q,Acco ? p o which mathematically rearranged becomes : 20LO L q ,m 1.o ? pi+ L qi.1RlJ I' ?pi+ ... +L q,t..cco ? p, L q1mLo ? p o+ L qnRul' ?po+ ...+ L qit..cco ? po where each of the terms in the numerator represents the va lue of exports (or imports) from a particular Naval Officer district , valued at the prices prevailing for year i . Each of the terms in the denominator represents the va lue of exports (o r imports) from a particular Nava l Officer di strict, valued at the prices preva iling for yea r 0, or the base year. For those di stricts where the actual valuations did not ex ist , they were estimated either by straight line interpolation or by methods defined ear lier. 1<' The last equation above allows the use of ca reful est imat ions as we ll as the large amount of actual data ava ilable. Since it is more refin ed , and made better use of existi ng data, the price indices produced by thi s technique should be superior to previous methods of estimating the quantity weights. By assuming that prices were the same or differed very little over the Chesapeake, and that these prices were the same or differed very little from those fo r Philadelphia , the prices used in the equations were same for each yea r. 17 1c'For a complete discussion of the techniques and rationale for es timations of the va lue of imports and exports , see Appendi x 4. 17Philadelphia prices were used as this set of price data covered large numbers of goods for which Chesapeake price series simply did not exist. 2011 The base year selected was 177 1, because almost every port had actual export and import data fo r that year, and the price data were full est and most accurate fo r that year . Tables 1082 through 1085 have the 1771 value of goods exported from and imported into the va rious Chesapeake Naval Office Districts from 1725 to 177 1. Table 1086 has the value of British exports to Maryland and Virginia, both in current terms, and in constant terms of 177 1 pounds. As was cl one in the las t sect ion, this seri es was defl ated by the Brit ish Consumer Price Index , not the Schumpeter-Gilboy Price Index. The export and import price indices in Table 1087 were calculated by dividing the va lue of all Chesapeake exports in a particular yea r by the va lue of those same exports, va lu~d in 177 1 prices. The Terms of Traci e series was simply the Export Pri ce Index di vided by the Import Price Index . The recalculated series in Tabl e 1087 based on the year 1730 were constructed to allow eas ier recognition of trends in comparison to that point . Finall y, the overall Chesapeake Pri ce Index in Table 1088 was ca lculated hy adding the va lue imports and exports fo r a particular year and di viding thi s fi gure by the va lue of imports and exports fo r that same year, va lued in 177 1 prices. Generally, the indices produced by this dissertation and those of P. M. G. Harri s fo llow each other fa irly closely, as demonstrated by Figures 11 9 through I 22. Philadelphia was the closest market where such pri ces were ava ilable in abundance . 20 12 However , there are two significant areas of divergence in the graphs: the period from 1725 to 1730 and the period after 1765 . The sharp di vergences in some areas between the export price indices seems to indicate that the Harris 's index from probate records lagged behind market indicato rs. The sharp decline in Harris 's index from 1730 to 1735 seems to reflect the sharp decline in the market export price index from 1725 to 1730. Likewise, the increase in the market export index from 1765 to 1771 is not refl ected in Harri s's index ; there is a ri se in Harri s' s index a few years later, and the data in Table 1089 shows a continuing ri se in 1772 and 1773. So , the probate index seems to generally lag behind the market index, but the long-terms trends are generall y the same. The import price indices are ve ry close , fo llowing the same trends, ex pect fo r the period after 1763. The drop in the market index most likely came from a large drop in the prices fo r West Indian products . The Harris index did not use any West Indian products. Given the di ve rgences between the market indices and the Harris indices after the mid- 1760s, the Har ri s Farm to Manufacture ratio seriously understates improvements in the Chesapeake term of trade after 1765. The market terms of 240 220 Chesapeake Export Index 200 Chesapeake Farm Index 180 >< 160 < 160 aJ "O c::: ..... 140 - 120 100 80 60 40 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 121 . Chesapeake Terms of Trade and Harris's Chesapeake Farm-to-Manufacture Ratio, 1725-1771 (1730= 100). Source : Appendix 6 , Tables 1087 and 1089. N 0 Vl 180 160 - Chesapeake In dex Colonial CPI 140 >< d.) ?8 120 - 100 80 60 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 Year Figure 122. Revised Colonial CPI and Chesapeake General Price Index , 1725-1771 (1730=100). Sources: tv Appendix 6 , Tables 1088 and 1089 . 0 ~ ?' 20 17 trade series indicates that there was a boom in Chesapeake prosperity in the last decade before the American Revolution . Likewise the surge in the terms of trade from 1725 to 1730 is not well re fl ected either. Because the 1725 height of the export index is due to the except ionally high prices for tobacco in that yea r, the di vergence between the two series may not appear as great if there were market c.l ata before 1725. In conclusion, Harri s's indices are usual ly reasonab le surrogates for comparing and analyzing long-term change in Chesapeake trends. However, hi s indices sometimes lag market indicators, and seriously understate shorter-term trends like the Chesapeake 's relati ve prosperity between 1765 and 177 1. 20 18 TABLE 1082 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM VIRGINIA NJ\ VAL OFFICER DISTRICTS , 1725-177 1 VALUED WITH 1771 PRI CES (? STERLIN G) Year JRLO JRUP YORK RAPP SPOT ACCO 1725 26887 34367 57463 31875 19332 2057 1726 50797 42972 83595 47308 39 153 3187 1727 50593 51576 85 171 62741 20856 4316 1728 53934 49362 86746 58503 2026 1 4021 1729 57274 47148 88322 54265 19665 3727 1730 606 15 44935 89897 50027 19069 3432 1731 48012 73849 87740 68565 28998 2926 1732 42735 31675 85583 479 19 24244 6368 1733 37457 73505 90102 27273 19490 4647 1734 56329 76727 92 142 46568 26247 42 1 I 1735 44262 79948 94 182 48085 24286 4 11 3 1736 32 196 83 169 7442 1 65248 22326 4014 1737 27504 86390 11 2955 824 11 34893 39 15 1738 35923 58668 92 103 65035 17354 38 16 1739 32423 64 199 11 6269 99 11 4 45256 37 18 1740 58755 76237 82882 93999 45 158 36 19 1741 5165 1 83492 157377 100051 483 19 3520 1742 41975 93 11 3 97923 134 126 178745 3422 1743 40948 72949 58352 123906 55432 3323 1744 57374 9168 1 857 18 11 4103 45 184 3224 1745 40424 98608 126529 137494 80 174 3125 1746 4348 1 96 138 125862 90530 608 19 3027 1747 50144 100852 125 194 1029 15 63438 3807 1748 56807 105565 124527 11 530 1 66057 4587 1749 63470 11 0279 123859 127686 68676 5367 1750 67699 14398 1 139937 163582 67226 5770 175 1 52529 172579 12582 1 134762 65673 6173 1752 66683 20 11 78 141709 162975 7760 1 6577 1753 67079 177287 160 170 153252 737 13 6960 1754 67476 153396 17863 1 143530 69826 7343 1755 50477 131089 158354 1547 14 71946 7727 1756 53034 108782 121027 1556 10 24220 811 0 1757 68024 139799 134347 156507 57593 8493 1758 83013 1708 16 147667 157403 90965 8876 20 19 R UP YORK RAPP SPOT ACCO Year JRLO J 60 98094 215061 14 7099 191102 82313 92 1759 532 224800 73661 6416 146 1760 I 13175 259 305 3 145964 181969 65009 7999 176 1 82393 212 22 9 183202 88729 14 377 1762 11 7505 24 14 27 13852 6027 146236 73 156 16193 16 14 1763 86 127 2626 6259 153526 1559 8 1 70050 18009 1764 97937 18 153304 143560 68763 19825 107 1765 109746 11 3 60 131830 1236 5 ] 83397 8975 1766 86803 21 99 356 126760 97549 9 835 11 0 .1767 102395 21 69 10 13860 88882 12 9869 111 70 1 10695 1768 1 l 7987 2 366 57677 1347 18 125854 17060 1769 133578 307 6 13289 9170 293224 93 530 1504 11 14000 1770 14 129383 166 104 154 158 95 19 82 1771 164762 27 90 4, evaluated with 177 1 prices . All ix nti ty Tables from App end o the preparation of th ese Source: Qua s described in Append ix 4 apply t d assumptions and meth o estimates. 2020 TABLE 1083 VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM MARYLAND NAVAL OFFICER DISTRICTS 1725-1771 VALUED WITH 1771 PRICES ' (? STERLING) POCO Year NPOT PATU 10256 24164 45970 68829 17207 1725 66876 105365 26341 11386 1726 48941 68137 114804 28701 12515 1727 26070 69397 116070 29017 12220 1728 25326 29334 11926 70657 117336 1729 2458 1 118602 29650 11631 1730 23836 71918 136931 34233 11125 36248 70192 1731 14567 68466 83611 20903 1732 30305 31171 12846 24362 72081 124685 1733 73713 149510 37377 12410 1734 32808 75346 97521 24380 12312 1735 30358 90576 22644 12213 1736 27908 59537 89422 22355 12114 1737 43616 90364 73682 74266 18566 12015 1738 21692 75860 18965 11917 1739 56570 93015 26496 11818 56447 66306 105986 1740 106105 26526 11719 1741 60399 125902 106062 26515 11621 22343 1 78338 1742 46682 89424 73166 11522 1743 69290 117028 62908 11423 56480 68574 1744 6209 1 39518 11324 100218 101223 1745 100689 62353 60714 11226 1746 76023 67434 52562 12006 1747 79297 100155 72515 44409 12786 82571 99621 1748 99088 72514 36257 13566 1749 85845 102365 51182 13969 1750 84032 111949 96361 48180 14372 1751 82091 100657 52529 14776 97001 113367 105059 1752 23999 15159 92142 128136 47997 1753 49813 15542 87282 142905 9967 1 1754 85 135 42568 15926 1755 89933 126683 55663 27725 16309 1756 30276 96821 83864 41932 16692 1757 71991 107477 54117 17075 113706 118133 108235 1758 2021 ANNA OXFO POCO U Year NPOT PAT 59 17459 102891 117679 70519 352 1759 778 14615 0 92076 117 225 145882 72 176 116771 128208 70005 16198 1761 81261 97592 37732 22576 0911 110823 1762 11 6822 103099 70 831 24392 1763 91446 l 1 09222 46900 26208 1764 87563 122821 1 90 28024 122643 126341 458 1765 85954 64 111472 3250 9 17174 1054 1766 104246 8 18034 121937 88285 132598 3849 1767 05 131046 4496 8 18894 711 1768 139627 317 25259 6142 184072 55 1769 157317 4 187133 59369 2148 8 74824 1770 175007 07 212132 603 81 17718 177 l 192697 1035 ed with 177 I prices. All Appendix 4, evalua t from aration of these Source: Quantity Ta bles d in Appendix 4 app ly to the prep sumptions and meth ods describe as estimates. 2022 TABLE 1084 VALUE OF IMPORTS INTO VIRGINIA NAVAL OFFICER DISTRICTS 1725-1771 VALUED WITH 1771 PRICES ' (? STERLING) RAPP p T ACCO Year JRLO JRUP Y RK 43296 7592 3625 338 1949 1725 13296 2261 68159 ]6859 2658 387 1726 26399 56388 26126 1169 435 ]727 14567 2207 44618 19026 1753 718 1728 16042 2890 3573 32847 11926 2336 1002 1729 17516 21076 4826 2919 1285 1730 18991 4256 34443 9247 733 861 2326 1731 21701 47811 13900 1072 1881 1732 28375 3116 18554 1412 1323 1733 35048 8454 43965 9392 48693 19875 0 603 1734 36328 53420 21196 7983 622 1735 43174 10329 11267 74715 13602 15966 640 1736 50020 12205 56957 12300 14521 659 1737 25420 2933 678 37961 8920 27896 6449 1738 36451 10848 6478 697 28569 1739 27370 2779 715 40272 6805 50835 8018 ]740 2937 7240 734 19979 24432 1741 39308 53196 ]6033 2165 753 31213 5166 1742 3129 772 43343 10666 51791 4723 1743 790 6596 23118 6179 2292 1744 41915 839 809 55277 1807 21987 8350 1745 10414 ]800 828 22666 28883 ]746 50265 8734 25 17 964 35779 1747 50096 30224 3234 I IOI 49928 3778 1 42675 7054 1748 395 1 1237 49760 45339 4957 1 5374 l 749 33 190 11189 9512 3698 1696 1750 49044 11863 10062 2156 32749 1751 44695 41496 32791 13858 2615 82388 1752 42454 49802 33527 48403 19519 7868 2188 1753 34805 6246 1879 1760 ]7251 14418 1754 27156 1332 12383 15770 4644 4627 1755 36399 7785 4125 1384 905 7516 ]756 30871 6954 3606 1318 477 1757 32859 6618 6122 3088 1253 912 5720 1758 34847 2023 YORK RAPP SP01' ACC O P Year JRLO JRU 415 835 1347 59 46044 219 11 7063 7 17 743 418 892 760 57241 3 8102 8004 11 1 6763 18885 438 66 0 3290 1761 79612 1 9 33638 1287 7481 50300 843 1762 70260 8637 13743 8 987 4996 56873 4729 2 1763 834 10159 1935 25 1J 1764 64924 3 22 12 8 72 6279 5725 6460 105 1765 51129 10720 11099 6968 3758 5061 21198 1766 71084 2 4409 4596 77180 2223 0 11626 722 1767 12153 7476 5061 4130 3261 1768 83276 2 3 5712 84 17 06 8961 1125 1769 89372 267 8622 12554 6364 6 766 45375 1770 95467 8283 ]3854 7015 51] 4 1771 101563 64043 uated with 1771 price s. All om Appendix 4, evalfr tion of these Source: Quantity Tab les ribed in Appendix 4 a pp ly to the prepara assumptions and met hods desc estimates. 2024 TA BLE 1085 VALUE OF IMPORTS INTO MARYLAND NA VAL OFFICER DISTRICTS 1725-1771 VALU ED WITH 1771 PRICES ' (? STERLING) PATU ANNA POCO Year NPOT 05 338 4531 34637 401 8 10 1725 7555 1889 387 3322 54527 1726 1 4422 1105 435 1462 45111727 1248 71 8 2191 35694 4990 1728 5559 1390 1002 2920 26277 1729 1532 1285 3649 16861 6128 1730 6333 1583 861 173 1 916 27555 830 1 2075 188 1 38249 1732 1340 2867 1323 1765 351 72 11 467 ]733 301 3 603 0 38954 12052 1734 3485 622 9979 42736 13940 1735 15968 3992 640 59772 1736 19958 9803 245 1 659 18152 45566 1737 3054 678 3666 223 16 122 14 1738 14574 3644 697 8097 29160 1739 3066 715 3474 40668 12266 1740 15447 3862 734 19545 174 1 9050 9478 2370 753 2706 42556 ]742 14072 55 17 772 1743 3912 41 433 18495 12639 3970 790 1744 2865 17589 14698 3696 809 1745 1049 1900 1 4367 828 23 106 1746 2250 20927 5668 964 28623 1747 3146 22852 6968 11 01 4042 34140 1748 21733 8269 1237 1749 4938 39657 10139 4445 1696 4622 895 1 1750 ]7477 87 19 2156 175 1 12578 26 199 15307 6523 26 15 1752 17323 659 11 38722 16605 6592 2188 1753 9836 27982 1760 2348 l 1534 57557 ]754 7663 1332 5784 12616 18834 1755 6228 182 16 7353 905 1756 1729 477 5563 11 896 502 1 1757 ]648 912 12794 603 1 1758 1566 4898 2025 Year NPOT PATU ANNA OXFO POCO 1759 1044 5650 21993 10086 1347 1760 522 6403 25527 9639 892 176 1 0 15108 2248 1 3033 3290 1762 1608 6752 17467 6346 748 1 1763 11 234 6909 57599 3308 4996 1764 24 18 7067 26768 8495 25 11 1765 7156 8457 239 12 7798 6460 1766 4698 8879 2758 1 4376 506 1 1767 551 2 9300 311 54 4256 4596 1768 6326 9722 34 143 8173 4130 1769 7141 7169 43026 95 14 84 17 1770 7955 6898 40905 10034 6766 1771 8769 6626 41602 8486 511 4 Source: Quantity Tables from Appendi x 4, eva luated with 177 1 prices. All assumptions and methods described in Appendi x 4 apply to the preparation of these estimates. 2026 TABLE 1086 VALUE OF BRITISH IMPORTS INTO THE CHESA PEA KE, 1725-1774 Year Value Value (Currenl ? Sterling) ( 1771 ? Sterling) 1725 249367 I9 6 11 3 1726 246 100 202303 1727 270105 207844 1728 272576 228225 1729 212868 18689 1 1730 212963 164595 173 1 202008 144 145 1732 202 127 145257 1733 228064 16003 1 1734 205639 137325 1735 255238 174340 1736 24642 1 171 24 1 1737 27334 1 204774 1738 294564 213684 1739 267025 188275 1740 395305 328304 1741 39395 1 36 190 1 1742 388259 31587 1 1743 448486 335224 1744 279485 186639 1745 259256 176646 1746 44 1987 338607 ]747 360540 267044 1748 433339 334920 1749 438688 345002 1750 465724 354424 175 1 473225 350507 1752 474076 367208 1753 48749 1 367684 1754 455233 36 11 00 1755 383257 2858 19 1756 438576 340454 1757 667328 63 11 34 1758 687566 647944 1759 66 1294 573868 2027 Y ear Va lue Va lue (Current ? Sterling) ( 177 1 ? Sterling) 1760 84 1478 697429 176 1 7 15369 566233 1762 596437 49 1303 1763 847440 7 15297 1764 846686 779238 1765 66039 1 629050 1766 668895 643954 1767 8898 14 906403 1768 90 1257 907367 1769 885236 8192 18 1770 1226772 11 29046 177 1 163452 1 163452 1 1772 1059457 11 72586 1773 8692 16 959084 1774 1026026 11 4254 1 Source: Va lue in Current ? Sterling from Table I 07 1, w ith fi ve percent added to refl ect commiss ion and fre ight . Va lue in 177 1 ? Sterling is the Va lue in Current ? Sterling defl ated by the Briti sh CPI from Table I 070 . 2028 TAB LE 1087 EX PORT INDEX, IMPORT INDEX, AND TERM S O F T RADE FOR T HE CHESA PEA KE, 1725- 177 1 Year Export Import Terms Export Import Terms of Index Index o f Trade Index Index Trade (177 1 = 100) (177 1 = 100) ( 177 1 = 100) ( 1730= 100) ( 1730 = 100) ( 1730= 100) 1725 120. 1 108.4 110 .8 233 .7 97 .8 239.0 1726 7 1.1 94.7 75.2 138.4 85.4 162.2 1727 6 1.2 89.7 68 .2 11 9 .1 80.9 147.2 1728 57.7 87.5 65.9 11 2.2 78.9 142 .2 1729 54 .4 87.3 62.3 105.8 78.7 134.4 1730 5 1.4 11 0.9 46.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 173 1 48.5 100.0 48.5 94.3 90. 1 104.6 1732 48.8 100.7 48.4 94.9 90.8 104.5 1733 47.8 98 .8 48.4 93.0 89. 1 104.4 1734 49.3 92 .5 53.3 95.9 83.4 115.0 1735 49. 7 92 .9 53.5 96.7 83 .8 11 5.4 1736 49.2 89. l 55 .2 95.7 80.3 11 9. 1 1737 53 .2 95.2 55.9 103.6 85.9 120.6 1738 55.7 11 3.8 49.0 108.4 102.6 105.6 1739 48.5 109.8 44 . 1 94.3 99.0 95.2 1740 45. 1 104.4 43.2 87.8 94. 1 93.2 174 1 6 1.2 103.0 59.4 11 9.0 92.9 128. 1 1742 42 .5 109.0 39.0 82.8 98.3 84.2 1743 55.2 11 9.0 46.4 107.5 107.3 100.2 1744 4 1. 8 127.5 32.8 8 1.4 11 5.0 70 .8 1745 39.9 11 9.0 33.6 77.7 107.3 72.4 1746 42 .3 11 0.2 38.3 82.2 99.4 82 .7 1747 47.0 100.2 46 .9 9 1.4 90.4 IOI. I 1748 5 1.4 99.0 5 1. 9 100.0 89.2 11 2 . 1 1749 55 .5 108.5 5 1.1 107.9 97 .8 11 0.3 1750 62.2 11 7.4 53 .0 12 1.0 105.8 11 4.3 175 1 62.5 111 .2 56.2 12 1.5 100.3 12 1.2 1752 62 .7 104.3 60. 1 122.0 94. 1 129 .7 1753 60.2 99.2 60.6 11 7. 1 89.5 130.8 1754 56.8 11 5.3 49.3 11 0 .5 104.0 106 .3 1755 49.6 118.9 4 1. 8 96 .6 107.2 90. 1 1756 52 .6 11 9.6 44.0 102.4 107.9 94 .9 1757 57.5 104.7 54.9 111 .8 94.4 11 8.4 2029 Export Import Term s of Import Term s ear Export e Index In dex Trade Y of Trad Index Index 100) (1730- 100) (1730 100) 100) (1771 = 100) ( 1730= (1771 = 100) (1771 = 96 . 1 124.7 57.8 119.8 .8 1758 61.6 106.6 127.8 100.9 126 65.7 I I 1. 8 58.7 132.9 108.3 122 .7 1759 120 .1 56 . 9 .3 3 l. 1 108. 1 1 2 1.2 1760 68 56.2 1 27.0 1761 67.4 119.9 103.8 1 115 .1 58. 8 131.8 .7 102.1 12 3 .2 1762 67.7 1 125I 13 .2 57 . 95 .9 118 .9 1763 64.6 06.3 55 . 1 114.0 58 .6 1 121. 7 92 .6 131.4 1764 60.9 144.8 1765 62.5 102.7 133.9 92.4 102.5 67 .1 87.2 164.0 .0 1766 68.8 143 73 .5 96 .7 76.0 89.3 168 .4 767 150. 4 1 77.3 99 .0 78.0 168 .5 96 .1 175.4 1768 106.6 81 .3 96 .2 191.0 1769 86.6 106.7 88 .5 183.7 215 .8 1770 94.4 100.0 19 4.6 90.2 100.0 1771 100.0 by taking the tota l va lue of ex and Import Inde x were ca lculated : Export Ind a r, va lued al prices for that yea r Source particular ye mported) goods exported (o r imported) in a orted (o r i iding by the total v alue of goods exp ppendix 4) and di v The Terms of Trad e is the Export (from A ices for 1771. ated with a in a particular yea r, va lued at pr calcul Index . All of these series are then re Index divided by the Import base of 1730. 2030 TA BLE 1088 OVERALL PRICE INDEX FOR TH E CHESAPEAKE, 1725- 177 1 Overall Overall Price Index Price Index Year (177 1= l00) ( 1730 = 100) 1725 11 4.5 162.5 1726 81.1 11 5. 1 1727 72 .8 103.3 1728 69.8 99.0 1729 66.2 93.9 1730 70.5 100.0 173 1 63 .7 90.3 1732 69. 1 98.0 1733 67 .3 95.5 1734 63 .8 90.5 1735 67.7 96.0 1736 67.9 96 .4 1737 70 .0 99.3 1738 80 .0 11 3.5 1739 70 .9 100 .5 1740 71.3 101.2 174 1 77.7 11 0.2 1742 64 .2 91.1 1743 83 .6 11 8.5 1744 67 .6 95 .9 1745 61.7 87.5 1746 70 .0 99 .3 1747 67.0 95 .0 1748 70 .9 100 .6 1749 77 .6 11 0.0 1750 81.0 11 4.9 175 1 81.2 11 5.2 1752 79.4 11 2.7 1753 75.2 106.6 1754 76 .9 109 .1 1755 70.7 100. 3 1756 78 . 1 11 0.8 1757 78.4 111 .3 1758 79 .8 11 3.2 2031 Overall Overall Price fnd ex Price Index Year (1771 = 100) (1 730= 100) 759 83. 8 11 8.8 1 60 89.2 126 .6 17 .9 126.2 1761 88 .6 121.4 1762 85 86.6 122 .8 1763 11 4 .9 1764 81 .0 79 .9 11 3.3 1765 .7 11 8.8 1766 83 .2 120.9 1767 85 88 .3 125.3 1768 135 .8 1769 95.7 100.6 142.7 1770 100.0 141.9 177 1 Source: Tables 1082 to 1 086. 2032 TABLE 1089 COLONIAL SPECIE CPI, BRITISH CPI, HARRIS 'S FARM TO MANUFACTURES RA TIO , HARRIS'S CHESAPEAKE FARM INDEX ' AND HARRIS 'S CHESAPEAKE MANUFA CTURES INDEX , 1700-1774 Harns -ra rns Harris Coloma! Specie British Farm/Manuf. Ches . Farm Ches. Manuf. Ratio fndex Index CPI CPI 1730 = 100) 1730 = 100 1730 = 100 1730 = 100 Year 1730 = 100 134 80 106 110.1 167 1700 135 90 111 96.1 153 1701 95.5 166 137 83 1702 108 135 73 103 90.3 191 1703 143 135 94 96.3 1704 114 145 122 84 1705 103 89.9 95.7 153 135 88 1706 110 153 130 85 87.1 1707 107 93.8 114 100 89 1708 95 137 134 98 1709 116 114.2 l 16 92 126 1710 104 130.8 1 15 88 145.9 131 1711 102 I 11 84 97 104 .7 133 1712 122 111 93 1713 102 97.4 110 81 95 104 .1 136 105 102 1714 106 .0 104 87 1715 104 105 .8 130 1 14 JOO 1 I 3 98 1716 I 18 106 98.7 111 89 1717 94.4 126 1718 100 121 107 89 97 99.8 1 12 84 1719 95 104 . l 133 108 97 1720 89 99.1 11 2 109 1721 90.9 94 100 9 1 1722 94 122 110 1723 95 86.2 129 92 96.6 141 98 1724 JOO 105 101 100 .0 9 1 1725 118 104 95 1726 114 104 .5 100 87 108 97.8 115 1727 11 2 ]06 94 106.5 99 1728 101 11 6 1 15 1729 100 111 . 6 2033 Harns Harns Harns Colo111al British Farm/Manuf. Ches. Farm Ches. Manuf. Specie CPI Ratio Index Index CPI 1730= 100 1730 = 100 1730 = 100 1730= 100 1730 = 100 Year 100 98.3 100 100 1730 100 90.7 108 105 97 1731 89 91.4 11 8 123 104 1732 83 91 93 103 1733 83 89.2 84.9 98 82 84 1734 83 88 92 85 86.9 95 1735 88 69 79 88.4 1736 81 94 71 76 1737 83 95.3 80 71 95 1738 89 92 .2 94 83 88 89.7 1739 78 105 .6 99 83 84 1740 82 103 90 87 11 6.8 1741 114 102 76 102 103.4 131 1742 77 76 89 95.0 103 1743 104 106 102 84.9 1744 83 93 97 79 86.6 96 1745 98 89 91 97.4 ]746 81 94.2 96 82 85 89 88 107 1747 98.3 82 1748 103 104 101 98 105 100.0 109 93 1749 96.8 11 8 ]750 105 101 IOI 106 94 .2 JOO 104 1751 97 100 1752 108 98 .5 11 6 1 I3 100 105 95 .9 98 1753 108 102 1754 101 100.9 94 106 94.8 89 97 ]755 99 104 99 98.7 114 1756 97 86 98 1757 101 ]20.3 91 97 108 1758 108 11 9.8 104 102 I0 1 1759 124 110.3 I 10 11 2 100 ]760 121 105.4 120 100.6 97 11 7 110 11 I I 14 1761 11 9 104.7 98 125 98 1762 119 107 .3 151 1763 110 1l 8 109 110 11 7.0 127 1764 121. 1 104 131 111 124 122 1765 103 1766 122 122.4 2034 Co lon ial Harris Harris Harris Specie British Farm/Manuf. Ches. Farm Ches. Manuf. CPI CPI Ratio Index Index Year (1730 = 100) (1730 = 100) (l 730 = 100) (1730= 100) (1730 = 100) 1767 11 9 129.5 11 8 127 109 1768 11 3 128.0 11 2 11 8 106 1769 11 6 11 7. 7 123 133 11 0 1770 124 117.0 131 142 11 3 1771 120 127 .2 124 140 114 1772 137 140.7 160 172 114 1773 127 140 .3 142 160 11 4 1774 12 1 141.6 137 149 11 2 Sources: Appendix 2, recalculated with a base year of 1730 . 2035 TABLE 1090 TERMS OF TRADE FOR YORK COUNTY, VIRGINI A; SOM ERSET COUNTY ' MA RY LA ND; AND THE LOWER WESTERN SHORE OI~ MARYLA ND (ST. MA RY'S COUNTY, CA LVERT COUNTY, CHARLES COUNTY, AND PRI NCE GEORGE'S COUNTY), 1658- 1777 Lower Wes tern Year York County Somerset County Shore All of Maryland 1659 .5 141 130 1663 144 127 1666 66 102 1669 138 122 1672.5 121 90 1676 72 11 6 1679 80 11 3 1682.5 74 87 1686 114 108 1689 67 68 88 1692 86 lOO 85 1695 76 85 1698 74 80 11 5 170 1 84 103 11 7 1704.5 106 79 92 1708 99 81 91 17 11 85 57 107 1714 84 53 122 1717 .5 15 l 81 135 172 1 123 78 127 1724 l l 8 96 127 1727.5 105 105 111 173 1 99 85 96 1734 149 95 98 1737 122 97 11 7 1740 110 108 104 1743 114 98 107 1746 100 so 78 1749.5 109 129 126 1753 106 79 128 1756 JOO 111 11 6 1759 142 186 163 2036 L ower Western Year York County Somerset County Shore A ll of M aryland 1762.S 107 I I I 130 1766 88 136 146 1769 111 184 207 1772 .S 11 6 138 173 1776 11 6 156 170 Source: Files o f the Histori c St. Mary 's City Commiss ion . A graph o f thi s c.l ata was published as Figure I 2 in L ois Green Carr and Lorena S. 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