Continuity and Change on an Urban Houselot: Archaeological Excavation at the 22 West Street Backlot (18APS1) of the Annapolis National Historic District Anne Arundel County, Maryland Julie H. Ernstein ARCHAEOLOGY IN ANNAPOLIS A Cooperative Project of Historic Annapolis Foundation and the University of Maryland, College Park Cover: Tracing from Duvall (1959:108) whose caption reads: "Sketch of present end wall of house at one time owned and occupied by Chancellor John Johnson, Jr., showing how changes in brickwork reveal the three stages in the development of the dwelling. Courtesy of Mrs. Orlando Ridout IV wlisabeth Ridout]. " Portions of this structure's foundations, associated additions, outbuildings and trash deposits were recovered in the course of excavations at the 22 West Street Backlot. Report available from the Archaeology in Annapolis Project, c/o Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Continuity and Change on an Urban Houselot: Archaeological Excavation at the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP5 1) of the Annapolis National Historic District, Anne Arundel County, Maryland Julie H. Ernstein Project Archaeologist Paul A. Shackel, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Report Submitted to King and Cornwall, Inc. 20 West Street Annapolis, Maryland 2 1401 ARCHAEOLOGY IN ANNAPOLIS Department of Anthropology University of Maryland Woods Hall College Park, MD 20742 1994 ABSTRACT Intensive archaeological investigation was undertaken on an urban backlot in Annapolis, Maryland. Fieldwork was conducted on behalf of Historic Annapolis Foundation for the property's owners, King and Cornwall, Inc. Supplemental documentary research, an evaluation of existing conditions on the property, and below-ground excavation of a 35 X 70 ft. urban backlot were conducted. While the project was not a Section 106 compliance effort, the field methods and rationale for the site's investigation are comparable to those of standard Phase 11 site evaluations. Historical documentation attested to the fact that the 22 West Street Backlot, located along the western most edge of the Historic District of Annapolis, Maryland, had seen development and occupation since the first quarter of the eighteenth century. A substantial brick structure was known to have occupied the property in a series of altered forms for much of that period. This structure served a variety of purposes over time: a private residence in the eighteenth century, a boarding house in the nineteenth century (known as the National Hotel), a duplex in the early twentieth century, half of which remained in use until the structure was entirely razed in the 1970s after destruction by fire. Recovery and analysis of site formation processes (i.e., both cultural and natural transformations of the buried remains) indicated that sections of the site were disturbed to a depth of six feet. In contrast to what initially seemed a poor prognosis for site integrity, other areas of the backlot revealed numerous intact historical features and deposits. Structural remains from the dwelling and its associated outbuildings, additions, and attendant trash deposits were recovered. What was initiated as a program of limited testing evolved into a larger-scale undertaking that made use of largely hand-excavated units in conjunction with machine-assisted stripping of areas demonstrated to contain from four to six-foot deep sterile layers of fill. The current investigations provided a window into a portion of the city and period in its history not documented archaeologically. Moreover, this project provided valuable insight into the archaeology of the homelot within a lightly industrialized, urban context. Evidence was recovered of shifts in the layout and arrangement of the houselot as well as changing relations between individuals and the workplace--all within an urban context--an issue defined elsewhere in the archaeological literature as a significant one. No further investigations are recommended for the site, however, further analysis and interpretation of materials recovered are ongoing. In the event that the site were to undergo development, monitoring of any construction activity is recommended. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are extended, first and foremost, to King and Cornwall, Inc., owners of the property treated in this study. Mr. Stuart Knower, President of King and Cornwall, Inc., is to be lauded for his financial and intellectual support in promoting archaeology and an interest in Annapolis' past. Thanks are also in order for Bebe Murry of the Bolling Group, who served as public relations representative and garnered our project front-page coverage in two local newspapers, a radio talk show interview, as well as film coverage on the local evening news. The archaeological fieldwork detailed in this report is the product of Archaeology in Annapolis, a cooperative project undertaken by the University of Maryland, College Park and Historic Annapolis Foundation. As always, our project is indebted to the hard work of its conscientious crew members, consisting of both paid staff and volunteers. The participants deserve particular thanks for maintaining good cheer and productivity while working through the rain, sleet, and sub-freezing temperatures of the winter of 1988-1989--all under academic and project-imposed time constraints. The excavation crew consisted of: Beverly Abreu, Michele Beavan, John Dalto, Timothy Doyle, Alan Ernstein, Teresa Harris, Elizabeth Kryder-Reid, Jody Mills, Peter Offenbacher, Carey O'Reilly, Pearl Pfuhl, Suzanne Pfuhl, Dwayne Pickett, Esther Doyle Read, Dolores Reed, Matthew Reeves, Jonathan Rones, Darcey Schoeninger, Eileen Simms, William Simms, Jennifer Stabler, Denice Sullivan, and Mark Warner. Assistance with strata assignments and site reconstruction was provided by Heather Bowie and Daniel Funk. Report graphics and final inked soil profiles were prepared by Alan Ernstein, who deserves thanks for encouragement, patience, and assistance above and beyond the call of duty. Dr. Paul Shackel served as Principal Investigator and provided assistance in initiating and completing the fieldwork component of this project. Dr. Barbara Little and Ms. Lynn Jones are due thanks for support and assistance in the production of this report. Esther Doyle Read assisted in the preparation of unit summary forms and served ably as project crew chief. Dr. Alvin H. Luckenbach, County Archaeologist for Anne Arundel County, visited the site almost daily. His interest and input are likewise acknowledged. The washing, labelling, and cataloguing of artifacts were performed by volunteers at the Victualling Warehouse Archaeology Laboratory in Annapolis, under the direction of S. Elizabeth Ford. Ms. Ford was also instrumental in making available a set of partial field notes for the 1983 excavation of a site believed to overlap the current project area. She also made several site visits in order to assist in placing the extent of these prior investigations. Computer entry of the catalog data was accomplished by volunteers at the University of Maryland Archaeology Laboratory at College Park, under the direction of Elizabeth Kryder- Reid. The vessel count data are the result of the efforts of Marian Creveling and appear as an appendix to this report. And finally, I would like to thank the administrative and support staff of Historic Annapolis Foundation for their continued patience, financial and intellectual support, and for their assistance in logistics. TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRODUCTION 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Project Background 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Executive Summary 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physiographic and Topographic Setting 3 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vegetation and Fauna 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geology and Soils 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Past and Present Land Use Patterns 4 CULTURALHISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prehistoric Background 7 Paleoindian Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Archaic Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woodland Period 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Historical Background 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Early Settlement (1629-1683) 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Late Seventeenth Century (1683-1694) 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Growth of Annapolis (1694-1784) 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-Revolutionary War Annapolis (1784- 1840) 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Antebellum Era (1 840- 1860) 21 Modem Era (Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries) . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PREVIOUS HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Background History of the West Street Corridor 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Background History of the 22 West Street Backlot 23 A Note on Assignment of Street Addresses to the Current Project Area . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lot #71 in the Eighteenth Century 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lot #71 in the Nineteenth Century 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paving West Street 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lot #71 in the Twentieth Century 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous Archaeological Investigations 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sitevisit 37 Excavations at 18AP35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Unprovenienced Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Relevant Archaeological Investigations 38 Test Excavations at Gott's Court (18AP52) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Phase 111111 Excavations of the Gott's Court Parking Facility . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary and Conclusions 39 RESEARCH DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research Questions 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RESULTSANDINTERPRETATIONS 43 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Investigations 43 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Documenting Existing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Excavation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Results 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strata Reconstructions 47 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laboratory Methods 83 SUMMARYOFRESEARCHRESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Overview and Gott's Court Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Responses to Additional Research Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RECOMMENDATIONS 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . National Register Eligibility 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future Research Potential 89 REFERENCESCITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 APPENDICES Appendix A: Soil Profiles Appendix B: Minimum Vessel Count Appendix C: Artifact Inventory Appendix D: Personnel Qualifications Appendix E: Site Registration Form LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Site Location Within the Boundaries of the Annapolis National Historic District, Annapolis, Maryland. Reproduction not to scale. 1978 Anne Arundel County Topographic Map of the Project Area Showing Previously Investigated Archaeological Sites in the Vicinity. Scale 1" = 2400 feet. Maryland Archaeological Research Units with Project Area. Scale 1" = 20 miles. Reproduction of the 1718 Stoddert Map of Annapolis, Maryland. Site is located on a portion of Lot 71. Reproduction not to scale. Sketch of the Pinkney-Harris-Johnson House, with Changes in the Brickwork as Evidence of Three Major Stages in the Structure's Development (after Duval 1959: 104, original sketch by Elisabeth Ridout, traced for current presentation). Archaeological Site Map of the 22 West Street Backlot, 18AP51, Annapolis, Maryland. Map Depicts Location of Units and Site Datum. Scale 1" = 10 ft. Site as Represented on 1878 Hopkins Atlas of Annapolis, Maryland. Reproduction not to scale. Site as Represented on 1885 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 9. Site as Represented on 1891 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 10. Site as Represented on 1897 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 11. Site as Represented on 1903 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1 " = 50 ft. Figure 12. Site as Represented on 1908 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1 " = 50 ft. Figure 13. Site as Represented on 1913 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 14. Site as Represented on 1921 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 15. Site as Represented on 1930 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 16. Site as Represented on 1951 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. vii Tables Table 1 . Table Comparing State and City Historic-Period Chronologies (Sources: Baker 1986; Carr 1974; Maryland Historical Trust 1987; Middleton 1984; Papenfuse 1975). Table 2. List of Archaeological Features, 22 West Street Backlot Site (1 8AP5 I), Annapolis, Maryland. . . . Vlll INTRODUCTION The fall, winter, and following spring of 1988-1989 saw intensive salvage excavation in the rear yard of a property located at 22 West Street, along the western most bounds of the current Historic District of Maryland's capital city at Annapolis. The city of Annapolis was afforded landmark status and designated an official historic district by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1966. (See Figure 1 for site location within the boundaries of the historic district of Annapolis, Maryland.) The site was made available for excavation by its owners, King and Cornwall, Inc., owners of an adjacent property located at what is today identified as 20 West Street. Funding for the excavation was provided by King & Cornwall, Inc., the Farmer's National Bank, and Historic Annapolis Foundation. Project Background Systematic archaeological investigation was initiated because the backlot area comprising this site was believed soon to be adversely impacted by the construction of a multi-story parking facility. The proposed parking garage is known locally as the Gott's Court parking garage, and it has a history of proceeding toward realization in fits and starts. After an initial six- to ten-week period of excavation, ownership of the lot was to be transferred to the City of Annapolis as the site for the proposed multi-story parking garage. Various project delays and setbacks; however; postponed the transfer of ownership indefinitely and archaeological investigation continued throughout the fall and winter of 1988 and into the spring of 1989. Archaeological fieldwork began on 04 October 1988 and continued through 13 April 1989. Executive Summary Archaeological investigation of the rear yard of a structure currently located at 22 West Street consisted of the excavation of 18 5 X 5 ft. units, four of which were excavated to sterile subsoil. In all, 15 major soil strata and 53 features were recovered, and these are reported in greater detail below in the section titled "Results and Interpretations." Fifty three features were recovered, many of them architectural, ranging in date from the early eighteenth century through the late twentieth century, and represent a long continuum of historic era occupation and use of the lot as both a domestic site and workspace. The report that follows details the rationale behind our research approach, the methodology applied in the field, the materials that this fieldwork uncovered, as well as interpretations and conclusions reached after six and a half months of excavation and the subsequent period of analysis and interpretation. In addition, the findings of previous, much more limited archaeological excavation at the site are incorporated into the current study. Notes and artifacts recovered from the separate projects are integrated, wherever possible, in order to maximize data recovery, assist in vessel counts, as well as to document hitherto-unreported work. In addition, two field investigations in areas adjacent to the current project area were undertaken during the analysis and report preparation period resulting in this summary of excavations. These two undertakings are discussed briefly as they relate to themes and issues raised on the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51). Individual artifacts recovered from this site primarily consist of domestic/household refuse in the form of ceramic tablewares, serving dishes, glassware, and utilitarian food preparation bowls. The bulk of the remaining classes of materials recovered, such as metals, for example, are readily attributable to household use (e.g., door hardware, nails, straight pins, and a possible fireplace crane). A complete inventory of the artifacts recovered is presented in appendix form toward the back of this report (see Appendix C). Minimum Vessel Count information, prepared by Marian G . Creveling, are also included as an appendix to this report (see Appendix B). Despite documentation of three episodes resulting in potentially significant disturbances to the site's archaeological integrity, the site is seen to contain information that is new and augments our understanding of the organization and layout of space within the colonial and post- colonial Annapolis houselot. It is expected that information gained and used to broaden our understanding of Annapolis' past as manifested in its archaeological record will be of use to archaeological colleagues working in other urban contexts. After a six and a half month period of archaeological investigation of the 22 West Street Backlot, under palpable time and budget constraints, excavation was discontinued. Any units not taken to sterile subsoil by that time were covered with heavy black plastic, capped with sterile sand, and then backfilled. Great care was exercised in not disturbing unexcavated soils and in highlighting exactly where excavation had ceased in the event that future excavations were to be resumed here (although further investigation of this site is not recommended), they might more readily discern precisely where our efforts ceased. The 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51) received relatively detailed treatment, consisting of the excavation of 18 5 X 5 foot units, four of which were taken to sterile subsoil. Analysis and interpretation of recovered materials continues, and will take a variety of forms. In light of the extensive nature of the excavations undertaken, no further archaeological fieldwork is recommended for this site. In the event that future on-site development is proposed, archaeological monitoring of that activity is recommended. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION Physiographic and Topographic Setting The 22 West Street Backlot site (18AP51) is located in close proximity to several adjacent bodies of water: College Creek to the north, Acton Cove, Spa Creek, and the Annapolis Harbor to the south and southeast, respectively. The site is seated on the landward side of a knoll that slopes southward to the Annapolis waterfront. Specifically, the property is an interior backlot of a block bounded by West, Calvert, and Northwest Streets (see Figure 1 for site location within bounds of Annapolis Historic District). The land surrounding the project area is characterized by rolling uplands with a wide variety of deciduous trees and plants (Brush, Lenke, and Smith 1977). Specifically, the project area is situated on the western side of a gentle knoll, the eastern side of which slopes downward markedly toward the Annapolis harbor (see Figure 2 for site location on U.S .G.S. Quadrangle Map of Annapolis, Maryland). The project area is located on the western shore of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, within Council for Maryland Archaeology Research Unit #7. More specifically, the immediate study area is included in the Gunpowder-Middle-Back-Patapsco- Magothy-Severn-Rhode-West Drainages (see Figure 3 for location of Research Unit #7). The topography of the western shore of the Atlantic coastal plain province is characterized by gently rolling uplands. Climate Anne Arundel County experiences a temperate, mid-continental climate at present. Rainfall is moderate, but the City of Annapolis' location and immediate proximity to surrounding bodies of water (e.g., Chesapeake Bay and its numerous tributaries, several of which are named above) provides for humid conditions. Snowfall is also moderate. Mean temperatures for the Annapolis area include a low of 34 degrees in January and a high of 79 degrees in July (Fassig 1917: 181; Steponaitis 1980:3-4). Vegetation and Fauna Between 250,000 B.C. and 15,000 B.C. (i.e., 252,000 and 17,000 years ago) the Chesapeake area forests consisted of conifers: spruce, pine, fir, and birch trees. By 10,000 B.C. (i.e., 12,000 years ago), the oak-hickory forest became dominant, representing a more varied, more readily exploitable environment (Brush, Lenke, and Smith 1977). Faunal species dominant in the coastal plain include deer; small mammals, such as rabbit, squirrel, and fox; as well as turkey, water fowl, and numerous bird species (Shelford 1963). Geology and Soils The substrata in the Chesapeake area were formed from unconsolidated sedimentary deposits of sand, silt, clay, and gravel overlying a crystalline bedrock. Though the topographic Figure 2. 1978 Anne Arundel County Topographic Map of the Project Area Showing Previously Investigated Archaeological Sites in the Vicinity. Scale 1" = 2400 ft. Nunbere Designate bry land Archeological Research Units ( C O U I I C ~ ~ for &tryland Archeology) COASlM RAIN VWYINCI w i t I - Atl .ni l r D r l i n r w lhlt I8 - Catoc t ln Cmct Drn ln lp t h l t 2 - Fnr-tr O r a i r r w lhlt 19 - k t l t t r C m ~ t - C o ~ ~ ~ ~ c h t ~ ~ w i t 1 - ~ I ~ ~ I C D L ~ - W I C O I I L O - W ~ O ~ I ~ - cnrt D r l l n a v ~ l i p Annewrsex D r l l n l p c r wit 20 - L l c k l n q Cmet - lo *o lo r l r Cnet- h i t 4 . Chontlot Orl ln4qr f l f t t c r r l l l C n r t On inap t1 ~ n l l I- Ol.ll.r Ora ln lw l h \ t 21 - T o n Cr t rk Oralnape w i t 6 - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ t ~ c l k - ~ o r t h e ~ s t ~ ~ ~ ~ h - lhll 22 . nlcM111 Creak-korp t l Cmct s ~ c q ~ h ( n n a Or,ln#qrr b ~ l n l v l (hit 7 . ~~l~0.d(r-RIddl~-O1~k-Patlllco- ' lhlt 21 - tot-t- favaqr D r l l n l q e l *.(.thy-S~rer-South-Wok-Uclt hit 24 - ~ o y h l ~ q h t n y - C a l $ t l ~ n O r l i n l 9 t l Or,ln,pel m a t 8 ' n l r r r l n r v.tu.cnt Oralnaw wi t q - cstu,rint r a t v m t ovalnaqe wit 10 - f r t u a r i n t Potma( Oralnlqe l h l t 11 - ~ i r c r i n c P o t m ~ Or8 ln Iw ? I I D U I l PROYINCL w ( i I? - P o t n u c Dra ln lq t ".it I, - .,L".rnl o-*in.qt wit 14 - ratlptra-lack-nlddle O r l l n I w I h i t 15 - c ~ ~ ~ w d r r - I ~ ~ h Dral*,wI w ~ t 16 . l u ~ q ~ h ~ n n ~ . l l t - R ~ r L h ~ ~ l t nr,!nsq-s w i t I 7 - )lonoc(cy Ort lnnw Figure 3. Maryland Archaeological Research Units with Project Area. Scale 1" = 20 mi. variation in the area is not great, the sediments vary greatly in depth, texture, and degree of permeability (Kirby and Matthews 1973). Much of the soil within the current project area has been artificially deposited by human activity. The natural soils within the project area are of the Monmouth Series: fine sandy loam with a 0-2% gradient, formed from unconsolidated beds of fine-textured sediments. The soil is deep, strongly acidic, well-drained, olive colored, and tends to be highly erodible. The soil profile consists of 40-70% glauconite (i.e., green sand) at any point (Kirby and Matthews 1973:78-79). Past and Present Land Use Patterns During the prehistoric period, it is possible that the lands within the project area may have been utilized by indigenous peoples. Precise prehistoric utilization of the immediate project area, however, is not known at this time, and archaeological investigation of the site has failed to provide data suggesting a prehistoric component at 18AP51. Since the early eighteenth century, however, the property has seen occupation as an urban backlot and work area. Beginning in the early nineteenth century, the lot was increasingly intensively occupied with additional architectural development and coverage of the lot with brick features, structures, and a variety of paving surfaces (both brick and concrete). This use continued through the mid- twentieth century. Around 1970, the southern most portion of the current site saw regrading and the addition of significant amounts of sterile sandy fill. The northeastern most portion of the property was affected by the relocation of a structure to the property and the subsequent excavation of a cellar hole for that new-to-this-site structure. Later still, the site was host to limited below-ground archaeological testing (Yentsch et al. 1983). The 22 West Street Backlot Site, registered with the office of the state archaeologist as 18AP51 (see Appendix E), lies toward the center of the block bounded by Calvert, Northwest, and West Streets--toward the western most boundary of Annapolis' historic district, as established in 1966. The West Street locale is of significance as a largely unexplored dimension of Annapolis' colonial and post-colonial histories. The tacit dismissal of the importance of the one overland route into colonial Annapolis in favor of the better-documented points of water access, namely, the landings at Acton Creek, Proctor's Landing, Nicholson's Cove and Governor's Pond, will do little to further the acquisition of historical knowledge. The following is offered as an instance of the dismissal of this region that has been common to date: The inland access route (first known as Cowpen Lane, later as West Street) to Annapolis was little used; the city gateslentrance along it were defensively oriented (they once stood at what is now the intersection of Cathedral, West, and X worthwest] streets) . . . . The major means of reaching Annapolis in the colonial era was over water (Yentsch 1988b:4). To be sure, properties oriented toward the water and water travel in Annapolis have received far more detailed archaeological and historical attention. This may well have served to bias the representation of such water-based sites and access routes to the near total exclusion of other portions of the city. Study of the West Street Corridor was initiated as a means for historically and archaeologically documenting an otherwise largely undocumented portion of the city of Annapolis. In terms of the city's early history, buildings along the West Street Corridor were used by craftspeople, innkeepers, and tradespersons of many types, clustered near the city gates just inside the pahsade line protecting the small city of Annapolis from the outlying wilderness. At the city gates West Street joined Four Notch Road, the single land thoroughfare into and out of Annapolis at that time (Russo 1987). CULTURAL HISTORY Prehistoric Background As noted above in the discussion of Past and Present Land Use Patterns at the site, no direct evidence for prehistoric occupation and land use of the 22 West Street Backlot, 18AP5 1, has been recovered from either documentary or below-ground sources. The potential for prehistoric site occupation, while slim, could not be ruled out prior to excavation. The discussion that follows traces the three-part prehistoric sequence for the local and regional sequences of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province and serves to articulate local prehistoric cultural developments and research issues with some of the broader themes of North American prehistory as a whole. Paleoindian Period The Paleoindian phase (13,000-7,500 B.C.) is not well documented in the Annapolis area. With the single exception of the Higgins Site elsewhere in Anne Arundel County (18AN489), most occurrences of Paleoindian components within the county and the Baltimore-Washington area are represented by surface finds of fluted points--located devoid of stratigraphic context, on the surface of either single- or multi-component sites (Brown 1979; Humphrey and Chambers 1977). The overall scarcity of stratified Paleoindian sites within the immediate Anne Arundel County region as well as within the entire Coastal Plain Province, is largely the result of environmental changes occurring during the retreat of the Wisconsin glaciation. The retreat of this major ice sheet at the end of the Pleistocene resulted in a global rise in sea level, and was locally manifested in the eventual formation of the Chesapeake Bay via drowning of the ancient bed of the Susquehannah River and the lower reaches of the Bay's tributaries, thus inundating and submerging likely Paleoindian deposits and sites (Kraft 1971). Until recently, much of our information regarding Paleoindian occupation of the eastern United States was with reference to only a handful of stratified Paleoindian deposits and clear indications that humans had occupied the area for some 10,000 to 20,000 years. In the western reaches of the United States, where the Paleoindian complex was first identified, the most widespread complex is the Llano or Clovis, typified by fluted points, scrapers, and blades. These artifacts are often found in association with extinct Pleistocene megafauna, suggesting a way of life centered on big game hunting (Humphrey and Chambers 1977:7-9; Jennings 1983:25-67). In the east, finds showing evidence of Paleoindians are usually isolated fluted points (Steponaitis 1980:63). There are, however, several sites in the east that reveal evidence supporting Paleoindian occupation of the region. Two important surface sites are the Williamson site in Dinwiddie County, Virginia and the Shoop Site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Diagnostic artifacts recovered from these two sites include fluted points, blades, scrapers, and wedges, which are similar between the two sites and similar to the Clovis complex in the west. Two deeply stratified sites include the Shawnee Minisink Site in the Delaware Water Gap and the Thunderbird Site in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Both of these sites yielded radiocarbon dates that were contemporaneous with the Clovis complex in the west (Humphrey and Chambers 1977: 8-9). Evidence suggests that the Paleoindians of the east had a much more diversified subsistence strategy than their western counterparts. This is because of several factors, identified by Steponaitis (1980) and Humphrey and Chambers (1977). As evidence in support of this, one notes that: While big game hunters in the Great Plains and Southwest were ranging over thousands of square miles of essentially open grassland, their Eastern cousins were faced with the great variety of ecological niches in the first coniferous, then deciduous forests which covered the land . . . . and human groups living in the forest must have depended increasingly on locally available plants, small game, reptiles, and shell fish . . . . This regional and seasonal variation in food and resources would understandably result in considerable variation in cultural adaptive strategies and their material manifestations (Humphrey and Chambers 1977:9). Steponaitis notes that while the eastern Paleoindian complex is similar to the western Clovis complexes, eastern artifacts have never been found in direct association with Pleistocene megafauna (1980:63-64). Humphrey and Chambers state that eastern evidence is " . . . complicated by significant variation among artifacts both in minor detail and major form (1977:g). Thus, the lifeways of the big game hunters of the west cannot be transferred wholesale to the east. Recent evidence suggests that Paleoindian populations of the Eastern Woodlands probably focused on the exploitation of white tailed deer (Gardner 1980: 19-20). Ritchie suggests that subsistence strategies possibly included foraging for plants, fishing, and hunting of small animals Ftchie 1957, 1969). The toolkit of local Paleoindians was adapted primarily to a hunting economy and included scrapers, gravers, burins, denticulates, hammerstones, utilized flakes, knives, as well as fluted points (Custer 1984; Funk 1972: 17-2 1, 1983; Gardner 1974:5; Kinsey 1972:327-330). Paleoindian populations were mobile, changing location throughout the course of the year in order to make use of seasonally available resources. Based on work at the Flint Run Complex in Virginia (Gardner 1974:19-23, 42-44; Gardner 1977; Gardner 1979), several types of Paleoindian sites have been identified. The largest of these sites are base camps, the main locus of habitation, which are identified by the degree of variety within the artifact assemblage present at the site, non-random lithic distribution indicating discrete activity areas, and occasional pits and post molds. Base camps may have been occupied seasonally by aggregate bands. Examples of base camps include the Thunderbird Site in the Flint Run Complex, Virginia and the Shoop Site in Pennsylvania (Gardner 1974; Witthoft 1952). Smaller Paleoindian sites may represent special purpose sites occupied by smaller groups for shorter periods of time. These sites include quarry sites, quarry reduction stations, base camp maintenance stations, and outlying hunting sites. Steponaitis explains that Paleoindian base camps identified by diverse artifact assemblages, non-random distribution of lithic debris, activity areas, and post holes and molds, are found in riverine environments. Further, she observes that quarry sites were identified by a lack of tools, and the presence of large amounts of debitage and cryptocrystalline rock source (Steponaitis 1980:66). This indicates that eastern Paleoindians were not following migrating animals but were occupying sites on a seasonal basis. Investigations of Paleoindian sites have been hindered, as many sites were inundated as a result of the rise in sea level known to have occurred at the end of the Pleistocene. The recent mitigation efforts in the form of Phase 111111 excavation as well as the distribution of a three- volume report detailing the recovery of a stratified Paleoindian component from the Higgins Site (18AN489) stands as the single local example of the recovery of stratified Paleoindian remains. Ebright's excavations in the Stony Run Drainage of Northern Anne Arundel County have contributed a great deal to archaeologists' appreciation for subsequent changes to the natural environment over the last 10,000 to 12,000 years (Ebright 1989, 1992). Prior to her studies at the Higgins Site, Ebright sums up the then-current status of recovery of Paleoindian materials in the State: Until the excavation of the Higgins site . . . no intact Paleoindian sites were known in Maryland. Numerous surface finds of fluted points have been made, however, with approximately 120 fluted points recorded in state files (Brown 1979; Ervin 199 1, personal communication) (Ebright 1992:29). Archaic Period The end of the Pleistocene was marked by significant environmental changes, including the inundation of some riverine environments, a change from mixed coniferous forests to northern hardwoods, and the transition to a more temperate climate (Carbone 1976:121; Whitehead 1972:308-310). The Archaic period (7,500-1,000 B.C.) is one of cultural adaptation to these changes and is further divided into three subphases: the Early Archaic, Middle Archaic, and Late Archaic. Early Archaic The Early Archaic (7,500-6,000 B.C.) saw gradual changes in the floral and faunal populations, which had been initiated during the preceding Paleoindian Period. Changing environmental conditions resulted in the presence of modem temperate floral and faunal populations throughout most of the Middle Atlantic region (Guilday 1967:232). Subsequently, the Early Archaic is characterized by the appearance of two artifact traditions, the corner notched tradition and the bifurcate tradition. The corner notched tradition (7,500-6,800 B.C.) is based on the change from fluted points to comer notched points, reflecting a different hafting technique and utilization. The bifurcate tradition (6,800-600 B.C.) involved the scheduled use of a number of seasonally available resources. The bifurcates were made from rhyolite or quartz in the Appalachian Mountains. The general artifact assemblages of Paleoindian and Archaic peoples are very similar, thus prompting some to infer that the difference between the two peoples was based upon which game they hunted (Steponaitis 1980:69-70). Likewise, Early Archaic settlement pattern is also similar to that of the Paleoindian Period (Gardner 1974, 1977, 1979). Middle Archaic Around 6,000 B.C., the climate changed from cool and dry to warm and wet. This marked the beginning of the Middle Archaic (6,000-4,000 B.C.). The Middle Archaic Period marks the replacement of northern Boreal forests by oak-hickory forests (Whitehead 1972:308- 310). Subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of the Middle Archaic Period were similar to Early Archaic Period patterns. Mobile bands utilized seasonally available plant and animal resources. Toolkits used during the Middle Archaic were similar to Paleoindian and Early Archaic toolkits. New additions to the toolkit included stone mortars and polished stone atlatl weights, used to balance spear throwers, recovered at the Hardaway and Boerschuk sites in North Carolina (Coe 19645 1-55, 80-81). The Middle Archaic period is represented by several traditions, with the bifurcate tradition possibly extending into this period. Morrow Mountain points were part of a tradition extending from 5,000-4,200 B.C. These points were made of rhyolite and black chert, with associated assemblages of scrapers, large bifaces, choppers, hammers, atlatl weights, and axes. These peoples occupied inland swamps with transient camps on second- and third-order streams (Steponaitis 1980:76-77). Another tradition was characterized by Guilford lanceolate points made of quartzite. The Guilford assemblages were generally the same as the Morrow Mountain assemblages, with the exception of the absence of scrapers in the former. The increase in the number of points indicates either an intensification of use in the area, or an increase in population (Steponaitis 1986). Gardner (1978) and Custer (1984) have identified three types of sites associated with the Middle Archaic Period which reflect the social organization of Middle Archaic peoples (cf. Gardner and Custer 1978 as well). The macroband base camp (Custer 1984:67) was occupied by numerous family units. Artifact assemblages recovered indicate fairly long-term occupation with a wide variety of activities at these locations. Microband base camps were occupied by smaller family units, possibly individual family groups. These base camps tended to be located in environmental settings that could not support the larger populations associated with macroband base camps. Both the macroband and microband base camps were associated with procurement sites. Fewer tool types are associated with these sites and they tend to be indicative of a limited number of activities. Site location was dependent on the type of resource being utilized (i.e., quarry sites, interior hunting sites, etc.). Some researchers postulate an abandonment of coastal areas in favor of the Piedmont during the Middle Archaic (Kavanagh 198250). The continued rise in sea level; however, during this period may well have submerged coastal sites with Middle Archaic associations (Steponaitis 1983: 177). Late Archaic The Late Archaic saw a change to a warm and dry climate and domination of an oak- hickory forest. Four tool traditions flourished during the Late Archaic Period: (1) the Piedmont Tradition (4,000-2,000 B.C.) with long-stemmed points, (2) the Laurentian tradition (4,000- 2,000 B.C.), somewhat rarer in this area, (3) the Broadspear Tradition (2,000-1,500 B.C.), indicating utilization of new resources, possibly estuarine resources, and (4) the Fishtail Tradition (1,500-750 B.C.) (Steponaitis 1980:80-81). The Piedmont Tradition is interpreted as having been an in situ development in the Middle Atlantic Region (Kmsey 1972:337; McNett and Gardner 1975). The Laurentian Tradition, while centered around the St. Lawrence drainage of Ontario, New England, and down into New York State, did occasionally extend southward into Maryland mtchie 1969:29). Custer interprets the Broadspear Tradition as having developed out of the Piedmont Tradition as an adaptive response to changing environmental conditions (Custer 1978: 3). The final tradition, the Fishtail Tradition, developed during the terminal Late Archaic Period and extended into the Early Woodland Period (Steponaitis 1980:28). Subsistence and settlement patterns throughout the Piedmont and Laurentian Traditions remained similar to patterns of the Middle Archaic, suggesting a social and political organization similar to the Paleoindian and Early and Middle Archaic populations. Bands were probably egalitarian in nature. A seasonal fusion/fission organization is postulated for population movement in which individual families spent a part of the year at macroband base camps following seasonally available resources. During another part of the year several bands, probably ~ 0 ~ e C t e d through a kinship network, fused together at macroband base camps (Custer 1984:67-68). After 3,000 B.C., major environmental changes occurred in the Coastal Plain Province which changed the subsistence and settlement patterns of the local population. Several researchers have suggested that the appearance of the Broadspear Tradition indicates a development out of the local Piedmont Tradition, with a primary focus on riverine environments (Kinsey 1972:347; Mouer, Ryder, and Johnson 19805; Steponaitis 1980:26; Turner 1978: 69). Turnbaugh, on the other hand, believes that this tradition represents more intensive exploitation of shellfish and estuarine resources in the south, while riverine resources were exploited in the north (Turnbaugh 197554, 56). Gardner suggests that Late Archaic Coastal Plain sites utilized estuarine resources and that these sites may have supported semi-sedentary populations (Gardner 1982:60). Broadspear knives and woodworking tools recovered from Late Archaic Coastal Plain sites could indicate that specialized tools such as fish traps, nets, and canoes, were being manufactured (Custer 1984:97). Steatite or soapstone vessels for storage as well as storage pits are included in Late Archaic components. As Humphrey and Chambers (1977: 11) note, Native Americans were relying heavily on fishing and mollusk collecting by that point. These are all indications of an increasingly sedentary way of life as the ability to store food resources at the macro and microband base camps allowed groups to remain sedentary for longer periods of time and to support higher population densities. Another researcher notes a marked population growth in the Virginia Coastal Plain during the terminal Archaic and Early Woodland Periods (Turner 1978). Woodland Period The transition from the Archaic to Woodland periods is marked by the appearance of woodworking tools, such as axes and celts, and cordage-impressed ceramics. Both types of artifacts reflect a more sedentary lifeway. The Woodland period (1,000 B.C.-European Contact [A.D. 16001) is also divided into three phases: Early Woodland, Middle Woodland, and Late Woodland. Custer (1984:96) and Wright (1973:20) both postulate a settlement pattern that includes large macroband base camps whose populations periodically separated and moved to smaller microband base camps. Gardner suggests that the macroband base camps were occupied as semi-sedentary sites (Gardner 1982:66). Early Woodland During the Early Woodland period, the introduction of cultigens into the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys from Mexico resulted in changes in those areas. In parts of the northeast, however, the Archaic way of life continued until European contact (Humphrey and Chambers 1977: 17). As for changes occurring during the Woodland period, we are reminded that: Pottery is the clearest indicator of change in this early Woodland period. Changes in the frequency and distribution of Accokeek, Pope's Creek, and Mockley wares . . . indicate that shifts in food procurement strategies were taking place although all . . . predate the use of agricultural products (Handsman and McNett 1974 in Humphrey and Chambers 1977:17-18). No other major changes in cultural patterns; however, were introduced into the area at this time. Middle Woodland The Pope's Creek phase of the Middle Woodland Period is seen as a continuation of and intensification of the subsistence patterns established during the Early Woodland Period. Large semi-permanent macroband base camps were located along estuarine or riverine zones of river drainages, and were surrounded by extraction or procurement camps. Settlement patterns indicate that a variety of environmental zones were being utilized (Handsman and McNett 1974; Steponaitis 1980; Wright 1973). Late Woodland The Late Woodland Period on the western shore of the Maryland Coastal Plain is divided into two phases: Little Round Bay phase (A.D. 800- 1250) and the Sullivans Cove phase (A.D. 1250-1650). Custer suggests that significant changes occurred in the settlement and subsistence patterns of prehistoric Native Americans during the Late Woodland Period (Custer 1984: 146). Prior to A.D. 1000, settlement and subsistence patterns centered around intensive hunting and gathering with some reliance on cultigens. Groups continued the seasonal round with occasional forays to procurement sites. Around A.D. 1000-1200 cultivated legumes were introduced into the area. This coincided with the development of improved strains of maize. These developments provided significant changes in the population structure of the area (Humphrey and Chambers 1977: 17- 19). It is possible that domesticated plants appeared prior to A.D. 1000 but, as Flannery makes evident, it is difficult to archaeologically differentiate between intensive horticulture and the actual practice of agriculture (Flannery 1968). The process of change from intensive gathering and horticulture to the adoption of agriculture was most likely a gradual one. Even with the appearance of agriculture, hunting and gathering was continued. Several scholars report the recovery of a variety of wild plant remains in association with domesticated plant varieties from Woodland sites in Pennsylvania (Arminger 1975; Custer 1984; Moeller 1975). After A.D. 1000, Native American groups in the immediate Anne Arundel County region became increasingly sedentary, as they intensified the practice of agriculture. The surplus of foodstuffs afforded by the practice of agriculture fostered an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and the development of settled village life. These villages were larger than any previous macroband base camp had been and contained storage facilities such as large pits and more permanent house structures. Large villages were probably surrounded by smaller hamlets or farmsteads consisting of individual family groupings. Thus, when European explorers and colonists arrived in the Chesapeake Bay region, they were greeted by sedentary populations relying on an intensified and integrated utilization of natural and cultivated resources. Historical Background The discussion that follows treats the historic research potential of the 22 West Street Backlot, articulates the West Street Corridor's developmental history with that of the city of Annapolis, and states a case for the systematic and deliberate selection of sites in this area to fill in some of the gaps in our historical and archaeological understanding of the city of Annapolis. Background information is provided on historical interest in the West Street Corridor as a research focus. And finally, detailed description and interpretation is made of site specific historic period occupation of the 22 West Street Backlot. For purposes of better understanding the historic-period cultural history of the 22 West Street Backlot and the local history of the immediate area, two explanatory schemes to address local chronological/developmental periods have been blended together. The schemes to be combined below are those set forth in Preservation Policy White Paper No. 9 (Maryland Historical Trust 1987) and the Annapolis-specific periodization of local social and economic developments spanning the decades of early settlement through the ensuing colonial and post- colonial periods (cf. Baker 1986; Carr 1974; Middleton 1984; Papenfuse 1975). The particular benefits of the Chesapeake historians' schemes is that, while not as geographically or spatially all-encompassing as the State of Maryland's five-stage historic progression, their cumulative outline offers an Annapolis-specific chronology that complements the one provided by the Maryland Historical Trust. Table 1. Table Comparing State and City Historic Period Chronologies (Sources: Baker 1986; Carr 1974; Maryland Historical Trust 1987; Middleton 1984; Papenfuse 1975). Of the two chronological frameworks referenced above, the first was devised to address the variety of historical and archaeological resources found throughout the state and, as such, the bracketing periods should be thought of as etic categories--standardized formulations to facilitate discussion and comparison. As a variation on that theme, the scheme derived from the writings of a number of distinguished local historians is offered as an Annapolis-specific parallel. The utility of fleshing out the State determined "historical contexts" with those of local Annapolis histories is that a more Annapolis-specific scheme might better highlight on-site land use and archaeological potential, while at the same time allow for assessment of onsite State of Maryland 1. Contact & Settlement (A.D. 1570-A.D. 1750) 2. Rural Agrarian Intensification (1680-1815) 3. Agricultural-Industrial Transition (1 8 15-1870) 4. Industrial/Urban Dominance (1 870- 1930) 5. Modem (1930-present) City of Annapolis 1. Early Settlement (1629-1683) 2. The Late Seventeenth Century (1683-1694) 3. Growth of Annapolis (1694-1784) a. Seasonal Wax & Wane (1694-1715) b. Town Growth (1715-1763) c. Golden Age (1763- 1784) 4. Post-Revolutionary War Annapolis (1 784- 1840) 5. Antebellum Era (1 840- 1860) 6. Modem Era (late nineteenth and twentieth centuries) developments in light of major themes in state and local history. A consideration of each of the historic period developmental phases follows. Early Settlement (1629- 1683) The state of Maryland was established as a proprietary colony in 1629, upon the granting of land by Charles I to George Calvert, the First Lord Baltimore. The colony's original capital, founded at St. Mary's City, was first settled in 1634. Early in its history, the colony developed an economy based largely on the export of tobacco. As for Annapolis, historian Nancy Baker asserts that a parcel of land known as "Proctor's Landing" served as the site of the original town settlement (Baker 1986). She notes that sometime between 1656 and 1683, the name of the settlement was changed from Providence to Proctors, after Robert Proctor who ran a tavern, believed to have been located near the base of present-day Duke of Gloucester Street (Baker 1986:192-193). Local historian Anthony Lindauer, however, contends that Acton's Cove and not Proctor's Landing was the site of the town's first settlement. The reference that Lindauer cites is a 1668 Port of Entry act, in which the Proprietor purchased 5-314 acres of land from Richard Acton, located on Acton's Cove, for the town's lands (Lindauer at Maryland Hall of Records Conference 1990). This point of disagreement aside, the name of the town was subsequently changed again in 1683 to Arundelton, when it became an official port of entry for the tobacco trade. Early urban development in the Chesapeake region was somewhat slow as a result of a dispersed settlement pattern necessitated by the tobacco economy. Most colonial Marylanders were engaged in the raising of tobacco, on either large, self-sufficient plantations complete with their own blacksmiths, coopers, cobblers, and other craft specialists or on smaller farms. The large plantations maintained their own dock facilities for the sale and transport of the harvested weed and the smaller, less self-reliant farms, would most likely have found it necessary to rely on their larger counterparts for the processing and shipping of the crop (Middleton 1984: 105- 147). One historian comments on the correlation between an economy based on the production of tobacco and a dispersed settlement pattern: Unlike grain production, which spins off independent support trades (millwrights, wheelwrights, carters, etc.) and networks in the processing, handling and marketing phases, tobacco stimulates mostly the woodworking trades like carpentry and cooperage that are easily contained within the individual plantation unit. As long as tobacco production dominated the economy, the Tidewater did not develop population centers (Baker 1986: 191). In other words, the development of urban centers seemed highly unlikely as long as tobacco remained the principal cash crop. Three exceptions are worth noting to the foregoing statement concerning the general lack of towns or, more properly, cities in the colonial Chesapeake: Williamsburg, Virginia; St. Mary's City, Maryland; and Annapolis, Maryland. It has been suggested by more than one author (e.g., Miller 1986:123-148, 1988; Reps 1972) that it was these town's governmental or bureaucratic functions that guaranteed them the economic and demographic (i.e., population and consumer) bases necessary for survival in an environment not otherwise conducive to an urban settlement pattern. The governmentaVlegislative connection is seen to hold a lot of weight with historians of the Chesapeake. With regard to Annapolis, one historian states unequivocally that: " . . . without government and the important role it came to play in both the political and social life of the colony, Annapolis probably would not have grown beyond the hamlet that Londontown, Piscattaway, or Bladensburg was by 1774" papenfuse 1975:6). In keeping with this, one is not surprised to note that what was only a small settlement in the late 17th century, known severally as the "town land at Proctor's" or "Arundelton," saw no substantial growth prior to its selection as a seat of government--even in the face of an effort of the colonial legislature to develop regional centers for the marketing and distribution of tobacco, the region's cash crop. The Late Seventeenth Century (1683-1694) The Acts of 1683, Chapter 5 of the General Assembly, appointed commissioners to lay out a town at Proctor's. Prior to this time, the town had not been surveyed. The Commissioners were authorized to purchase one hundred acres from the then-current landowners. The land was then to be surveyed and staked into one hundred, one-acre lots, with streets and alleys and open spaces for a church, chapel, market, and other public buildings (Riley 1901:38). This early attempt to encourage growth at Arundelton saw the hiring of a surveyor, Richard Beard, to carry out the work. Reconstruction of Beard's initial survey indicates that the original settlement was concentrated along the shoreline, rather than on the higher ground overlooking the harbor. The streets and lots laid out by Beard were concentrated in the area of present-day Shipwright and Market Streets. Historian Nancy Baker characterizes Beard's 1684 survey of the early Annapolis acreage as little more than a "paper town": "Over the next ten years little if any growth took place and the 'town' concept in fact retreated into a bureaucratic tangle of misplaced official documents and lost or confused lot lines" (Baker 1986: 192). The local periods of Annapolis' early settlement and growth just discussed, that of Early Settlement (1629-1683) and the Late Seventeenth Century (1683-1694) are subsumed, at the state level, under the "historic context" heading known as Contact and Settlement (A.D. 1570-1750). This period addressed broad questions of Native American and European American culture contact and was defined in the following: This phase is first characterized by contact between the native Indian tribes and the newly arrived Europeans, and includes the interplay between the two cultures and the development of trading posts, missions, forts and Indian reservations. During this period, the native tribes were gradually replaced by European settlers who established capitals at St. Mary's City and Annapolis, and established an economy based on tobacco production in the Chesapeake region. Settlement occurred first near the Chesapeake, expanding along the bay and rivers, and gradually moving into western lands as road networks were established (Maryland Historical Trust 1987: 12). As far as the theme of European-Native American culture contact within the bounds of Annapolis is concerned, Richard Hughes of the Maryland Historical Trust states that this part of Maryland probably served during the Terminal Woodland period as a buffer area between Algonquian and Susqeuhannock groups, with little likelihood of Native American groups living in the immediate Annapolis area at the time of contact (Hughes at Maryland Hall of Records Conference 1990). Growth of Annapolis (1694- 1784) Overlapping and complementing the Growth of Annapolis (1694-1784) period with its various subphases, is the statedesignated Rural Agrarian Intensification (1 680- 18 15) phase. On a broader, state-wide level, this period saw: . . . the lessening of frontier conditions in most parts of the state, and the establishment of H stable agricultural society, with tobacco replaced by agricultural diversity. Increased trade and shipping led to the founding of port towns and trading centers. Expansion into central and western Maryland was virtually completed, and the arrival of German settlers from Pennsylvania created a distinct cultural region. Several changes in the system of occurred, from proprietary to provincial to state government. Religious, social, cultural, and educational institutions were established in most of the state, and small local industries began to appear (Maryland Historical Trust 1987: 12). As was true for much of surrounding Anne Arundel County, the planters and farmers who brought their goods to market in Annapolis saw the onset of agrarian intensification and agricultural diversification during this period. The link between rural production of agricultural products and the urban market towns and ports such as Annapolis is a significant one. The detailed discussion to follow, concerning the surveying and establishment of a town plan for Annapolis, dovetails nicely with the emphasis, at the state level, on the founding of port towns and shipping centers. The economy of colonial Annapolis may be explained as having passed through three phases of growth during this period (cf. Papenfuse 19755-34): (1) Seasonal Wax & Wane, 1694-1715; (2) Town Growth, 1715-1763; and (3) Golden Age, 1763-1784. These three periods are developed in fuller detail below. Wherever appropriate, mention is made of historical events of regional and/or national importance. Additionally, detailed discussion of the city's town plan is offered. Seasonal Wax and Wane (1 694-1 715) After England's "Glorious Revolution" of 1689, Maryland became a royal colony under the sovereignty of William and Mary. Not long afterward, Sir Francis Nicholson was appointed Governor, replacing Sir Lionel Copley, and the state's capital was removed to Annapolis from St. Mary's. The selection of Annapolis as the site for the new capital of the Maryland colony had far more to do with its location in a Protestant (as opposed to predominantly Catholic southern Maryland) stronghold than it did with the existence of any better harborlport facilities or the presence of an already thriving town (Baker 1986; Leone, Ernstein, Kryder-Reid, and Shackel 1989; Reps 1972). The first phase, 1694-1715, is characterized by the seasonal wax and wane of the town's population, dependent upon whether the General Assembly was in session or recess. In his laying out of the city plan, Nicholson overlaid a Baroque design on the earlier core designed and surveyed by Richard Beard. It is believed that Nicholson deliberately made use of a Baroque design for his city plan with the express purpose of establishing in the city's landscape a constant reminder of the populace's subservience to the hierarchies of church and state (Leone, Ernstein, Kryder-Reid, and Shackel 1989; Leone and Shackel 1986; Read 1989, 1990a, 1990b; Reps 1972: 117-140). An interesting addition to the thesis of the adaptation of Baroque principles to town planning in the Colonial Chesapeake is the suggestion that the seventeenth-century city at St. Mary's City also made use of Baroque principles of urban design (Miller 1986: 123-143; Miller 1988). In this particular case, however, evidence for the town's colonial layout and design is based solely upon archaeological evidence--as there are no surviving historical maps of the town's early layout from which to base reconstruction and analysis. Returning to the case of research into Annapolis' early town plan, we are fortunate to have archival as well as archaeological sources on which to base our interpretations of the town plan. In all, there appear to have been four surveys of colonial Annapolis. The first, dating to 1683184 is attributed to Richard Beard at the behest of the provincial legislature in an attempt to develop regional centers by laying out towns on 100-acre sites. This survey survives in text form only, and is known to have done little, if anything, to promote growth. A second survey, designed by colonial governor Sir Francis Nicholson, was also executed by Richard Beard. When Nicholson selected Arundelton as the site for the new provincial capital, a new survey was deemed necessary on account of ownership disputes and uncertainty concerning lot lines. This survey, dated to 1694195, was destroyed in the State House Fire of 1704. A third survey, commissioned after the city obtained a charter in 1708, was commissioned by an unknown party. What seems clear, however, is: No official mention of this survey survives because the early city records are gone, but evidence for its existence is clear. Comparative analysis of surviving and re-recorded city deeds for the period 1694 to 1718 shows not two but three sets of numbering, the middle set beginning to appear about 1710 (Baker 1986: 193-194). Town Growth (1 71 5-1 763) The second phase of the town's growth occurred during the period 1715-1763. At this point in time, the city exhibited an increase in its number of permanent residents as a result of bureaucratic growth and the expansion of small industries. Papenfuse suggests that Annapolis properties increased in value after 1715 because of the return of the proprietary government and the development of local industry (Papenfuse 1975:lO). After 1720, commercial zones developed within the city, as the importance of mercantilism grew (Baker 1986; Leone and Shackel 1986:7-8). Craftsmen such as goldsmiths and watchmakers did not appear until after 1720 and other luxury crafts developed much later (Baker 1986:201). While ship building had been carried out in the Annapolis harbor since first settlement in the 1650s, associated crafts such as ropewalks or block and sail makers did not appear until after 1735 (Papenfuse 1986: 10). In terms of business and the development of industry, Baker noted that the period 1745 to 1754 saw a significant increase in economic opportunity. Employment for free white males was available in the civil service (Baker 1986:204). Craftsmen were branching out into other businesses, such as dry good importing, while still retaining their original craft (Baker 1986:202; Papenfuse 1975:15). This period of growth was interrupted by the French and Indian War (1754-1763), resulting in a general economic decline in the city. In terms of the planned growthlexpansion of the city, it is worth noting that a fourth survey, commissioned in 1718, was executed by James Stoddert. This last survey survives to this day in both cartographic and textual form. Of crucial importance to any researcher investigating the history of town planning in Annapolis is the fact that the intermediary survey of 1694195 and its supporting documentation were lost in the 1704 fire, mentioned above. The upshot of the only partial survival record of the four different surveying episodes is that the linking logic between the earlier Beard surveys, consisting of at least two different systemslarrangements for the naming of lots in town and the later Stoddert plan, with its own set of numbers, has been lost. The importance of this link cannot be overstated for until the earlier (i.e., lost) Beard numbers can be tied into the surviving Stoddert lot numbers, we will not be able to take any Annapolis lot history back earlier than 1718. (See Figure 4 for a reproduction of the 1718 Stoddert Survey of Annapolis, Maryland.) Of note on this issue is the fact that a dedicated and seemingly tireless avocational historian, Anthony Lindauer, has performed exhaustive research into the layout of early Annapolis and believes that he has been able to reestablish the linking logic between the Beard and Stoddert numbering systems. Lindauer's contributions to local history, not yet made public in a readily accessible format, but forthcoming (Lindauer: personal communication), have been of interest and assistance to Archaeology in Annapolis staff on projects at a number of early sites elsewhere in town, among them the Bordley-Randall, John Brice 11, and State Circle excavations. For purposes of the present study, unfortunately, no link to a pre-Stoddert lot assignment has been made. The "Golden Age" (1 763-1 784) And finally, the 1763-1784 era is known as the town's "Golden Age." It is during this last phase that many of the fine Georgian mansions and formal gardens for which the town is known today were built and/or laid out. The economics of the period are such that: After 1763, there began to be a concentration of wealth in Annapolis, and the expanding market for tobacco created a sustained level of affluence for a great portion of the planter class served by Annapolis. As a result, a merchant community developed that began to accumulate capital from retail sales and had connections with a planter elite willing to place their crops and surplus funds in the merchants' hands. With capital of their own and some that was borrowed, the leaders of this numerically small but financially and entrepreneurially important business community successfully challenged the existing mercantile hegemony that controlled and financed the Maryland tobacco trade from London (Papenfuse 1975: 1). At the same point that one notes an increase in conspicuous consumption among the more prominent members of society, alluded to above, there is also a concomitant decline in small industries such as shipbuilding and tannery (Papenfuse 1975: 6). The various battles of the Revolutionary War did not appear to have had a profound impact on life in the city. Several British war ships anchored near the city during the War, but did not fire on it (Riley 1887: 177-178). Post-Revolutionary War Annapolis (1 784- 1 840) The end of the Revolution also signaled the end of the Age of Affluence for the city of Annapolis. With the onset of the nineteenth century, Annapolis' age of grandeur was drawn to a close. At this latter date, Annapolis' role as social and economic hub of the Chesapeake was discontinued and the town's former glory was overshadowed by the port of Baltimore in its ascendancy to prominence on the Chesapeake. One chronicler of Annapolis' mercantile and economic history offers the following description of the town's economic demise: The major threat to the consignment tobacco trade and to the trade of urban centers like Annapolis and Georgetown came from Baltimore where, after 1793, capital derived from the reexport trade was channeled into the purchase of quality tobacco and other crops from the Tidewater counties. As a result, the consignment trade moved rapidly to extinction and what might have been flourishing towns became dying villages. Annapolis and Georgetown were saved from the status of ghost towns like Queen Anne's Town, Piscataway, and Port Tobacco because they still had government to sustain them (Papenfuse 1975:3-4). The importance of government cannot be overemphasized during this period. During the early Federal period, Annapolis tried to attract the government of the new nation. Had their bid been successful, the economic gains would have made up for the losses in shipping. The city tried to use its central location in the new country and its new State House to attract the federal government. The State House had been erected in Annapolis between 1772 and 1779. Annapolis actively sought the location of the permanent capitol within the city. The United States Congress; however, voted in favor of Washington, DC in 1791 (Reps 1965:241). Economic strategies and the attraction of new business to Annapolis were interrupted during the War of 1812. The city was transformed into a military encampment and its citizens were constantly expecting British attack. Annapolis continued its search for sources of revenue in addition to the revenue generated by State Government allocations. Negotiations concerning the location of the United States Naval Academy continued over the course of twenty eight years. Finally, in 1845, the United States Naval Academy made its home in Annapolis (Riley 1887:254, 264-265). In the process of courting the Naval Academy, the City of Annapolis engaged in several civic improvements in the transportation links between that town and other points in the Tidewater region (Russo 1990, 1991). These improvements may have been prompted by the need to present Annapolis as a desirable and accessible location in which to conduct business. The Antebellum Era (1 840- 1860) During the 1840s and 1850s, the City of Annapolis experienced the growing tensions between North and South. Annapolis found itself as home to both Unionists and Secessionists. Economically, the Civil War provided a lift for many local merchants who provisioned supplies to the troops quartered in the city @ley 1887:320). After the Civil War; however, the abolition of slavery curtailed commerce with local planters. The times changed as a result, and one historian notes that during this period: The Naval Academy, in some measure, supplied the benefits of a foreign trade. The oyster-packing establishments, of which there were about ten, brought considerable money into the city, which redeemed the mercantile businesses from annihilation (Riley 1 887: 3 19). The two periods discussed above, Post-Revolutionary War Annapolis (1784-1840) and Antebellum Era Annapolis (1840-1860) witness substantial overlap with the Maryland Historical Trust's third "historic context" known as Agricultural and Industrial Transition (1815-1870). Developments emphasized at the state level speak directly to Annapolis' economic transition into decline in the nineteenth century: During the period following the War of 1812, commerce and industry became increasingly important in the state's economy, until development in these fields was interrupted by the Civil War. The impacts of the Industrial Revolution were seen, such as the growth of manufacturing technology and radical innovations in transportation systems (canals, railroads, turnpikes). These improved transportation techniques led to the development of Western Maryland and aided in the growth of the mining industry in that region. At the same time, Baltimore City had become a major port and industrial and cultural center [emphasis added] (Maryland Historical Trust 1987: 12). As noted previously, the growing economic success of the port of Baltimore during this period was partially at the expense of the decline of smaller ports such as Annapolis. Modern Era (Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries) In the late 1870s Annapolis began to expand. The building industry saw an increase in the construction and sale of new houses and shops, especially along Maryland Avenue, Market Street, Conduit Street, Prince George's Street, and King Street, on large residential lots that had formerly been held in single ownership. At this point in time, many such lots were subdivided (Baker 1986:197). Despite the economic growth, the major "industry" in the city at this point remained State Government. To date, Annapolis continues in its role as the capital of the State of Maryland and home to the United States Naval Academy. During the 1950s the downtown area suffered the same economic decline and urban blight noted in many American cities. Unlike many other urban areas, Annapolis did not participate in large-scale urban renewal projects. Instead, the town succeeded in preserving much of its historic structures and building fabric as a result of revitalization and a major infusion of historic preservation efforts and incentives. Numerous eighteenth- and nineteenth-century buildings have undergone restoration and/or adaptive reuse and are currently occupied as homes and businesses along Maryland Avenue, Main Street, and the City Dock area. Currently, much of the town's economic base rests on the rewards reaped from its bustling tourism industry. Part of the reason that the city of Annapolis has such an intact archaeological record is that it did not experience the large-scale urbanization experienced by other cities (especially Baltimore) during the state-designated IndustrialIUrban Dominance (1870-1930) period. There is, however, overlap with the state-designated Modern (1930-present) era--particularly with reference to the revitalization of many urban areas. PREVIOUS HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH Background History of the West Street Corridor Much of the documentary research conducted prior to excavation behind the property located at 22 West Street was compiled by Dr. Jean Russo (1987), Director of Research for Historic Annapolis Foundation, for an area along West Street that was to be impacted within the last decade by the proposed Annapolis Transit Center--a development project that never came to fruition. Her synthesis of historical sources includes the works of earlier studies such as a prior N.E.H. study (McWilliams and Papenfuse 1969), a 1969 Urban Renewal Area Study prepared by architectural historian Orin M. Bullock, Jr., F.A.I.A. for the Annapolis Urban Renewal Authority (Bullock 1969), and a 1965 Historic Annapolis, Inc. report (researched by HA1 Historical Committee and staff), Anne Arundel County land records, census records, Annapolis assessment records, newspapers, and cartographic sources. Supplemental documentary research was conducted to better interpret the complicated series of architectural foundations uncovered in the course of excavations at the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51). The focus of this historical inquiry was to reveal utilization patterns of the back areas of many of the houses and shops that lined West Street during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. This documentary research indicated that the area is of great historical and potential archaeological significance. Archaeological investigation was necessary in order to verify the area's claim to archaeological potential (i.e., an assessment of the integrity of the site's below-ground remains). The proposed Gott's Court parking garage project provided just such an opportunity. In addition to learning about this one rather small threatened area, we hoped to use the present study as a lead in or segue to the archaeological investigation of other backlots and interior properties on the block bounded by Calvert, West, and Northwest Streets. Background History of the 22 West Street Backlot In addition to the research conducted by those individuals cited above, much insightful background into the oral tradition and "received wisdom" concerning the larger area, Stoddert Lot 71 (of which the 22 West Street Backlot is but a part), is provided in a 1959 essay in a volume of the Maryland Historical Magazine, a publication of the Maryland Historical Society (Duval 1959). The author of this article claims her interest in the subject was piqued by what she terms "rumors and considerable conjecture" pertaining to the lot's past owners and occupants (Duval 1959: 104). Local residents who visited the site during the course of our excavations were eager to share their reminiscences of what had stood on the lot in their own lifetimes as well as to share their versions of local history with us. More often than not, the information that such persons were able to provide was a composite of sorts of the histories of any historically important personages known or supposed to have once occupied a portion of the large city block bounded by Calvert, West, and Northwest Streets (Stoddert Lots 67, 68, 69, 70, and 71) as having occupied the relatively small area undergoing excavation (Lot 71). By the same token, when one returns to Duval's study of the past occupants for the whole of Lot 71, in which she cites a litany of past owners that sounds far more like a who's who of local history than it does a lot history, it is not so very difficult to see the inspiration for modern Annapolitans' desire to find the material remains of so distinguished a set of past occupants: In the heart of Annapolis the lot, identified as No. 71 in an early survey, has an intriguing background that ties in with a galaxy of residents many of whom were closely allied with the history of not only Annapolis but also the colony and later the State of Maryland. There was Colonel Francis Nicholson, a Provincial Governor; John Slaughter, townsman; George Valentine, gentleman; Samuel Stringer, chirurgeon; Jonathan Pinkney, Senior, father of the distinguished William Pinkney; John Ball, innholder; William Whetcroft, silversmith; Allen Quynn, cordwainer; William Brewer, Senior; Thomas Harris; John Johnson, eminent jurist, last Chancellor of Maryland; Mary Tyler Johnson, widow of the Chancellor; Henrietta Harwood Johnson, and her son James Iglehart Johnson. Also there was Richard B. Watts, owner of a blacksmith's shop "contiguous to Church Circle"; Joseph Bellis who purchased the commodious red brick Johnson residence in 1857, and, with a few changes, operated it as the "National Hotel"; as well as the Gassaways who acquired the brick house which is now an office building owned in part by Congressman Richard E. Lankford of Annapolis (Duval 1959: 104). Certainly, one of the challenges of the archaeological study of the 22 West Street backlot would be to investigate the validity of such claims for the locale as well as to try to separate out the histories of this comparatively small parcel from other parts of the larger lot from which it was derived. Historical archaeologists frequently find themselves in the difficult position of trying to separate historical "fact" from potential fiction garbed in the robes of local tradition. Rather than dismiss the content of local traditions as "crazy house stories, " one researcher has recently opted to study the internal structure of such tales and has found, as regards a number of properties she studied--among them Hancock's Resolution, another Anne Arundel County property located outside the city of Annapolis--that the stories retained and told by members of a region relating to various forms of material culture, primarily old or supposedly old houses, serves an active role in maintaining a group's ideology--in this case a unique form of American mythology serving as a tie to a fargone era. It also seems that the group's mythological links with a romanticized past are further strengthened and fostered in the relaying of this mythology to future generations. As such, these expressions of an American mythology are deserving of anthropological and scholarly attention as ". . . encoded within them is ethnographic information on social values and folk ideas about kinship, community identity, society, history, culture, and nature" (Yentsch 1988a:5). An important aspect of the work done at the West Street site was a conscious attempt to follow up on the various reminiscences provided by site visitors. Unfortunately, we were only presented with partial or very sketchy remembrances and often second and third-hand leads to pursue. In the absence of a corpus of oral histories addressing the lot and its past occupants, we were not able to take this line of inquiry any further than simple verification of names of past occupants and a watchful eye for remains mentioned by passersby. We are pleased to note that reminiscences concerning the remains of a large brick structure that had burned, stood abandoned and subsequently been demolished, as well as subsequent filling of the lot were all verified through below-ground remains recovered in the course of excavation at the site. It is worth noting that the size of historic Lot 71 is a little less than an acre (an acre being 4,840 sq. yds. or 43,560 sq. ft.) whereas the bounds of the area treated archaeologically in this study is only a 35 X 70 ft. (i.e., 2,450 sq. ft.) backlot. The following is a composite of the various lines of evidence concerning the lot history for all of Lot 71. After treating the broader lot, we will consider carefully the history of the western most portion of the lot--the area comprising the present study area. A Note on Assignment of Street Addresses to the Current Project Area The current investigations covered the backlot or rear yard area of a structure located at what is currently identified as #22 West Street. For purposes of clarification, it is worth mentioning that this same parcel of land had numerous street number designations over the course of the last century and a half. The several street addresses assigned to structures associated with the backlot area of what is currently known as 22 West Street included: -10 and 101h West Street (by 1885) -18-20 West Street (by 1891) -20-22 West Street (by 1897) -20, 201h and 22 A & B West Street (by 1903 and up through 1921) -20, 201/2 and 22 West Street (by 1951) -22 West Street (by 1970s) Before proceeding too much further into the explanation of previous archaeological excavations, the current undertakings, as well as relevant subsequent study of sites on and/or adjacent to the 22 West Street Backlot, additional site-specific discussion of changes in land use is in order. It will be helpful to bear in mind that the No. 20 West Street serving as the current King and Cornwall, Inc. offices is a different structure altogether from the 20 West Street mentioned in the lot history discussion to follow. The structure currently housing the offices of King and Cornwall, Inc. staff was moved within the last decade to its current West Street location from elsewhere in the city of Annapolis, from the foot of Prince George Street (Robert Trescott, personal communication). The modem No. 20 West Street is located contiguous to (roughly northeast) and perhaps in part overlying the foundations of the structure recovered in the documents and in the ground (in part) as having spanned at least the late 18th-century through mid-to-late 20th-century occupations of the Pinkney, Whetcroft, Quynn, Brewer, Harris, Johnson, Philip, Bellis, and Calabrese ownerships, each carrying and/or sharing the street addresses 20 and 22 West Street. In addition, the building identified on the modem streetscape as 22 West Street, the local Christian Science Reading Room, is located in what would have once been the front yard of the large brick structure that, prior to its demolition, bore the numbers 20 and 22 West Street. It seems likely that when the building housing the Christian Science Reading Room was first erected back in 1955, as an office of the Monumental Life Insurance Company in place of previous small businesses that had occupied the streetfront portion of the parcel, that it may have bore the street address No. 24 West Street (as there is currently no No. 24). Verification of this hypothesis awaits additional city directory research, slated in support of further site interpretation. The amount of exposition expended here concerning the shifts in the assignment of street numbers is offered with the hopes of avoiding confusion in the reader's own mind as well as in offering an explanation, although not necessarily an excuse, for why confusion arose by both bureaucrats trying to make sense of archaeology site registrations (past and present) and researchers/consultants who visited the area at different points in time. Within the last decade the site's appearance has changed considerably with the addition of a building and a small park on or adjacent to areas previously explored archaeologically. For this reason, sorting out the different episodes has been a challenge--but certainly one well worth the effort expended. Lot #71 in the Eighteenth Century Lot 71 was surveyed for John Slaughter, townsman, by James Stoddert in 1718 (see Figure 4). This Stoddert survey is the earliest surviving graphic documentation recording lot boundaries and ownership because earlier surveys prepared by Richard Beard were destroyed in the 1704 State House fire. The exact details of the Stoddert survey of Annapolis, commissioned by the Maryland General Assembly, is a matter of recent historical reevaluation and is likely to undergo substantial critique and even revision within the next decade (as evidenced at a symposium held at the Maryland Hall of Records on 09 May 1990, designed to establish a dialogue between the various disciplines and scholars performing research into the early history of the Annapolis town plan). Stoddert's notes for Lot 71 indicate its size as being on the order of 42,260 sq. ft. (Stoddert Notebook [Annapolis Land Office, Annapolis, Maryland]). Over the course of the first decades of the eighteenth century the lot was subdivided and then, by the late 1730s, reassembled roughly as follows. On 08 April 1710 Slaughter sold a portion of a lot subsequently identified as a portion of Lot 71 (cf. Duval 1959: 104) to George Valentine (A. A. Co. Deeds, Liber P.K., 1708-1712, f. 478 [MdHR]). The portion purchased by Valentine is understood to have been the eastern most portion of Lot 71, an area abutting Church Circle and extending about 50 ft. along West and Northwest Streets. Upon his death, Valentine devised this property to Elinor Clinton with instructions that Clinton sell the estate. While the following is a reasonably thoroughgoing compilation of the various 'I 1. '. -- P L A N e, AHHAPOLlQ I, a*,. lII* s c a l e : . 1% 500' I(* I.". 7 4 . - t + d u C L . c - ~ - d & .+ u/.r,fp . . o k u . r ..CIA.* uc wlr e y 1 /-f- l l t 4 4. ., L Aq-2" 1 1 1 1 . 4 Y *.&I. C'&I-.IL.& U&J.f... t n C 4 1 j P W * ) ( . . d . I u . 4 .$u ..'-,a A4-f -.-+&-.A *=.A < .,..u ..4, &A. .'U -*-+*+-. n-y 8 h J h L . I r&rm -- Figure 4. Reproduction of the Stoddert 1718 Map of Annapolis, Maryland. Site is Located on the Western Most Portion of Lot #71. Reproduction not to scale. documentary studies of Lot 71, it must be acknowledged that not all deeds recording the transfer of portions of Lot 71 by Elinor Clinton have been located, nor have all the purchases by which Dr. Samuel Stringer reassembled the parcels been reconstituted. On 14 October 1718, pursuant to the settlement of Valentine's estate, Clinton sold the lot, and a house which stood upon it, to Charles Cole (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber I.B., No. 2, 1712-1718, f. 511 WdHR]). On 16 April 1728 Anne Street, spinster, sold to Samuel Stringer her portion of Lot 71 for the amount of ?35 (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber S .Y., No. 1, 1724-1728, f. 427 WdHR]). On 07 February 1735 Robert Jones, a planter from neighboring Prince George's County, Maryland, sold his interest in the lot to Stringer for the amount of ?12. From the wording of the deed recording the transfer of ownership, it is apparent that the portion of Lot 71 transferred from Jones to Stringer was bounded to the east by the parcel once transferred from Valentine to Cole, but by the time of the 1735 Jones-to-Stringer transaction in the hands of a carpenter by the name of John Smith (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber R.D., No. 2, 1733-1737, f. 370 [MdKR]). And finally, on 18 August 1739 Stringer purchased from John Ramsay, a local merchant, and his unnamed wife, their portion of the lot mentioned above in the Jones-to-Stringer transfer as the eastern boundary. This final sale was completed for the sum of ?12 (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber R.D., No. 3, 1717-1739, f. 227 [MdHR]). Thus, by the late 1730s Samuel Stringer was able to reassemble under one owner all of Stoddert Lot 71 from the hands of multiple owners. The three transactions referenced above record the transfer of ownership of land as well as possible hints of improvements to the properties couched in legal jargon and formulaic constructions common to the day such as "together with all and singular the houses, improvements, and etc. " The 1730s reassembled lot is interpreted by some researchers as including " . . . at least three houses, two of them 'little. "' (Papenfuse and McWilliams 1969:n.p.). It seems highly probable that Stringer made substantial additions to the property in light of a considerable difference in price from his 1739 purchase to that of the property's resale some 31 years later: Whether the sums indicated in these transactions which total ?59 reveal the real cost to Samuel Stringer or whether they were mere considerations is not known but thirty-one years later when Stringer sold Lot 71 to Jonathan Pinkney for ?660 the vast difference in price suggests that Samuel Stringer may have erected one or more dwelling houses which later transactions disclose (Duval 1959:104). The deed recording transfer of ownership from Stringer to Pinkney, dated 06 April 1770, the resale mentioned above, also records the fact that by the time of recordation Pinlcney was already in possession of the property. At the time that Pinkney purchased the lot from Stringer, it is known that Stringer was residing in Albany, New York (Duval 1959:105). What is not known; however, is exactly how long Pinkney may have occupied the land before he purchased it. Some five years later, substantially in debt to William Roberts, Jonathan Pinkney arranged to sell at public auction his landholdings in Annapolis as well as tracts he owned in neighboring regions. A September, 1775 issue of the Maryland Gazette ran the following advertisement of the Pinkney properties to be offered for sale on 30 September 1775: A lot of land lying in the City of Annapolis distinguished by the Number 71, on which are a brick dwelling house and other improvements, lately in the occupation of Mr. John Ball, innholder (Maryland Gazette 14 September 1775 [State Law Library, Annapolis, Maryland]). When the sale was made final on 19 February 1776, for the sum of ?440 William Whetcroft, silversmith, became the owner of Lot 71, complete with "all buildings and appurtenances" (Annapolis Mayor's Court Proceedings, Liber B, 1721-1784, f. 405 WdHR]). Some twelve years later, on 12 August 1778, Allen Quynn purchased " . . . all of Lot 71 with 'dwelling house or tenement' thereon and improvements . . ." from Whetcroft for the price of ?1,500 (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber N.H., No. 1, 1778-1784, Deed 11 [MdHR]). Duval notes that on 21 July 1760 Quynn had purchased the adjoining Lot 70 (to the west of Lot 71), from Charles Carroll. She also offers that the Lot 70 property contained a dwelling that continued as Quynn's residence until his death in 1803 (Duval 1959: 106; cf. A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber B.B., No. 2, 1757-1763, f. 364 [MdHR]). Lot #71 in the Nineteenth Century Upon Quynn's death in 1803 his estate, including his holdings of Lots 70 and 71 containing dwellings and other improvements, were to be sold at public auction. The situation remained unresolved, however, and the estate entered Chancery Court and was not resolved until the second decade of the nineteenth century. Lot 71 began to be recarved in 1812 when John Johnson, a trustee for Quynn's estate, sold a portion of the lot to Richard B. Watts--on which a blacksmith shop was erected. The remainder of the lot, however remained under the auspices of the Chancery Court until 1821 when William Brewer of Annapolis purchased the property. According to the description included in the Brewer transfer of 06 April 1821, the tract, including "dwellings and appurtenances, " consisted of approximately 28,800 sq. fi. (A. A. Co. Deeds, Liber W. S .G., No. 7, f. 585 WdHR]). On the following day, 07 April 1821, Brewer sold a majority of the lot, consisting of roughly 17,420 sq. ft., again, with "dwellings and appurtenances," to Thomas Harris of Prince George's County for the sum of $1,200 (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber W.S. G . , No.7, ff. 602-604 [MdHR]). One decade later, in 183 1, Harris' heirs sold his portion of Lot 71 to the Honorable John Johnson, Jr., the last Chancellor of Maryland, for the sum of $3,000 (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber W.S.G., No. 16, 183 1-1832, Deed 509 WdHR]). The following citation provides perhaps one of the most detailed descriptions of architectural remains recovered during the course of excavation at the 22 West Street Backlot: After remodeling the brick residence facing West Street on a part of Lot 71, John Johnson, Jr. and his wife, Mary Tyler Johnson, took up residence there. Their home is described as "a commodious brick house with fourteen rooms, cellar, and a detached brick office." There was a deep front yard and a garden in the rear which extended through to Northwest Street where a quaint small frame house with gambrel roof occupied a section of the lot . . . . It is rather ironical that the West Street residence, which he and his wife and children called "home" for a number of years, is still [as of 19591 standing--not preserved as many fine old Annapolis homes have been preserved--but hidden from view by business structures, Nos. 20 and 22, of recent years erected in the front yard of the one-time desirable domicile (Duval 1959: 107). The remains of this home, remodeled by the Johnsons after their purchase of the property in 1831, but known to have been standing at least at the time of Thomas Harris' purchase in 1821, as well as its detached brick office were recovered during the course of excavations at the 22 West Street backlot. Specifics on the dating and configuration of what will be designated in this report as the Pinkney-Harris-Johnson House will be described in the Field Investigations and Observations section below. According to Duval (1959), who supposes that this structure may well have been the birthplace of William Pinkney, a local lawyer who in 1812 became the United States Attorney General, it is quite possible that this brick structure stood on the lot as far back as the occupation of Jonathan Pinkney (William's father) when he rented the property prior to his 1770 purchase of same (Duval 1959:107). Were this the case, however, one cannot help but wonder at the property's drastic jump in price from ?600 in 1770 for the "lot and messuage or tenement with the appurtenances" (A. A. Co. Deeds, Liber D.D., No. 4, 1765- 1779, f. 682 [Annapolis Land Office]; Mayor's Court Proceedings, Liber B, f. 323 [MdHR]) to its purchase price by Johnson (prior to remodeling) of $3,000. On the other hand, one must recall the September, 1775 Maryland Gazette advertisement citing the presence of a "brick dwelling house and other improvements" to the lot. In light of this, it seems a conservative estimate to suppose that the brick structure, which certainly underwent several periods of expansion and renovation prior to its destruction (see Figure 5), was at least present on the lot by 1770. Any supposition as to when the house may have been constructed prior to Jonathan Pinkney's 1770 purchase of the property, with explicit mention of a dwelling, is simply that--supposition. In this instance, a conservative ca. 1770 estimate for the house's date of construction seems reasonable. At the time of Johnson's death in 1856, his eldest daughter, Laura, lived in the Annapolis homesite along West Street with her husband Lt. John Van Ness Philip, U.S.N. (Duval 1959:108). In the settlement of Chancellor Johnson's estate, his Annapolis properties (Lots 71 on West St. and 73 on Church Circle) were sold. The West Street house was sold the following year to Joseph Bellis for $5,000 (A.A. Co. Equity Proceedings, No. 159, 21 December 1857 [Anne Arundel County Court House, Annapolis, Maryland]). The 1859 Sachse Bird's Eye View of Annapolis shows a lot of development on the Figure 5. Sketch of the Pinkney-Hanis-Johnson House, with Changes in the Brickwork as Evidence of Three Major Stages in the Structure's Development (after Duval 1959: 104; original sketch by Elisabeth Ridout, traced for current presentation). Site Figure 6. Archaeological Site Map of the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51), Annapolis, Maryland. Map Depicts Location of Excavation Units Relative to Site Datum. Scale 1" = 10 ft. portion of the block including the current project area. The level of detail; however, is such that specific attributions of the number, nature, and specific orientation of buildings is not possible. (For this reason, this pictorial source was not included in the list of figures documenting past land use.) The 1878 Hopkins Atlas, on the other hand, was produced at a sufficient level of detail to make out the rough configuration of structures on-site. In addition, it attributes ownership of the structure represented on-site at that date to "Jos. Bellis" (see Figure 7). Documentation of the brick house mentioned in the preceding Bellis reference appears in the records of the Annapolis Circuit Court in 1880 when Joseph Bellis, owner and operator of the National Hotel, is cited as being $600 in arrears with his property taxes. After Bellis' failure to pay, Thomas Ireland, Collector of Taxes, is ordered by the Court to seize the property and sell it at public auction. The property is repurchased by its former owner, Joseph Bellis, for the amount of owed taxes, $600 (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber S.H., No. 16, f. 106 [ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT HOUSE]). Additional visual evidence for Bellis-period use of the site is provided on a Sanborn Fire Insurance map dated 1885. This map shows the 22 West Street Backlot as having been assigned street numbers 10 and 101h West Street. The structure occupying the two parcels is a duplex, set at a curious angle (see Figure 8) to the street. The structure is a three-story duplex, the eastern most half, known as #10 West Street at that date, is identified as a "Boardg Ho." (i.e., boarding house), with a partial two-story addition that only extends to the rear of this eastern most half. In addition, there is a one-story outbuilding located northeast of the boarding house. Because of the lack of articulation of orientations of the 10 and 101h West Street building and its neighboring lots, it is not precisely clear whether this one-story outbuilding is associated with #10 West Street or with its eastern most neighbor, a three-story dwelling located at #8 West Street. The western most half of the 1885 duplex, identified as #lO1h West Street, is a three story of equal dimension, identified as a "Dwg." This dwelling has an unidentified two-story addition at an odd angle to its rear, not at all in alignment with the main house. Unfortunately, no specific function or other attribution is offered for this addition to the western side of the duplex on the 1885 Sanborn. Interestingly, a Sanborn Fire Insurance map generated some six years later (see Figure 9) in 1891 designates the current site with a street address of 18-20 West Street. The eastern most half of the duplex, the 18 West Street property, is still identified as a boarding house. The rear addition appears to be the same two-story affair as in the 1885 version. The western most half of the duplex, the dwelling half located at what is identified in 1891 as #20 West Street, has a configuration identical to that of the 1885 Sanborn map. Of note, however, is the fact that two one-story sheds had been constructed to the rear of the dwelling house located to the west at #22 West Street. While these sheds appear to have been placed to the rear of #22 West Street they are, because of the strange alignment of the duplex with relation to West Street and the houses situated on abutting lots, they are closer to the #18-20 West Street structure than they are to the #22 West Street Structure that they presumably service. Six years later still, in a Sanborn Fire Insurance map dating to 1897, one notes that the Figure 7. Site as Represented on 1878 Hopkins Atlas of Annapolis, Maryland. Reproduction not to scale. Figure 8. Site as Represented on 1885 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 9. Site as Represented on 1891 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. street address designation has remained the same, as has the use of the eastern most half of the duplex as a boarding house and the western most half as a dwelling (see Figure 10). Of note, however, is the addition of a one-story addition to the rear of the two-story rear addition to #18 West Street (the boarding house). Perhaps the quarters were getting a bit too cramped and expansion was necessary. Also of note is the addition of a division or partition of some sort down the centerline of the duplex and extending out into the rear yard. At the end of the partition is a very small, one-story outbuilding or shed. (While there is no indication of the nature of this parhtion or division, it is believed that it was a rear brick wall that was uncovered in the course of excavation [Feature 51. A more detailed discussion and interpretation will be offered in the Field Investigations section.) As for the western half of the duplex in 1897, it is noticed with interest that a one-room outbuilding had been placed to the rear of the two-story addition projecting from the rear of #20 West Street. Of perhaps even greater significance, a brick wall measuring six feet in height had been erected between the dwelling half of the duplex and its neighbor at #22 West Street. A deed from the preceding year, 1896, documented the transfers of the eastern half of the duplex (#I8 West Street) from the heirs of William Bellis to Maud E. Morrow, and the western half (#20 West Street) to Eva Bellis (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber G . W., No. 4, ff. 327, 333 [MdHR]). Perhaps this division necessitated the erection of the rear wall that made an appearance on the 1897 Sanborn map. Paving West Street Perhaps the best-documented historic variable in gaining greater access, foot traffic, and potential business into the 22 West Street Backlot and its immediate environs, lays in the paving history of West Street. Trends developed and noted within the paving history of these areas immediately adjacent to the current project area parallel the broad patterns noted for the city as a whole (Russo 1990, 1991). While such insights are unlikely to have had a directly deleterious affect on the archaeological potential of the 22 West Street Backlot, on account of its distance from the curbside, these details do speak to the relative intensity of occupation and land use on the lot. A "given" of the nineteenth-century was the fact that: Obstructions continued to be a major problem throughout the nineteenth century as property owners encroached upon the right-of-way of the streets. On occasion, entire houses were erected in the street and as late as 1911 an investigation showed that one Frederick Stehle had planted a crop of peas in the bed of Southgate Avenue (Russo 199 1 : 67). The City's first street improvements were made in several areas--primarily those identified as the city's major commercial thoroughfares. West Street was most certainly included among them. Historian Jean Russo provides a general flavor of what West Street and similar streets may have been like in the early nineteenth century: Visually, then, by the 1820s the city streets exhibited a mixture of colors and textures. Dirt covered the beds of the streets, red paving bricks lined the gutters and the sidewalks between the buildings and the gutters, granite curbstones defined the boundary between gutter and sidewalk, and flag stone crossings linked the footways at street intersections (Russo 199 1: 69). Street improvements throughout much of the nineteenth century amounted to constructing and maintaining curbs, footways, gutters, and pedestrian access. It was not until 1860 that the surface of West Street was reworked. In reporting on the City of Annapolis' paving history as recorded among the papers of the Annapolis Corporation Proceedings, historian Jean Russo notes that: . . . in May 1869, the city requested bids for paving West Street from St. Anne's to Calvert Street, including relaying of the crossings and gutters, excavating the bed to a depth of eighteen inches, and using materials comparable in quality to those used on North East Street (Russo 1991:75). At this time, the roadbed could have been either of dirt, oyster shell, or paving stone. In the late 1880s, entries in the Annapolis Corporation Proceedings document the resetting of the curb and general repair along West Street. In 1888, there are entries for "gutters and paving on West Street" (Russo 1990:282). Within the next few years there are references to "hauling shells for Prince George and West Streets" (1889), to "shelling bed of West Street extended (1891), to "shell and repair West and Carroll Streets (1893), and to "repairing beds of West and Compromise Street" (1 896). Conclusive evidence of a paved roadbed for West Street does not exist until 1900 (Russo 1990:286). Also of interest in relation to the paving of West Street from Church Circle to Madison Street, in 1900, are the following improvements and alterations: As part of the work the street west Street] received a new grade, which required property owners on adjoining lots to relay their sidewalks and the telegraph, telephone, and electric light poles to be removed from the sidewalk to allow repaving. The sidewalks were to be paved with "good, hard, whole brick suitable for paving purposes, not less than one and three-fourths inches thick or paved in such manner and with such material as approved of by the committee on streets. All private driveways across said street were also to be paved "with good, hard brick, or vitrified brick, suitable for paving purposes, for the whole width of the sidewalk." If paving bricks were used, they were to be laid on edge (Russo 1990:286). While it might seem ironic that this major thoroughfare was not covered with a paved surface until the turn of the twentieth century (i.e., at 1900), it is worth noting that West Street and other major arteries received better maintenance and upkeep than did other streets in town--even in the days when they were little more than shelled or hard-packed dirt roadbeds. Lot m1 in the Twentieth Century Information on changes in land use within the first decade of the twentieth century is provided by two Sanborn Fire Insurance maps executed within that decade. It is well worth noting that both the 1903 (Figure 11) and 1908 (Figure 12) Sanborn maps appear to have mistakenly transposed the boarding house and dwelling attributions of the structures located at Figure 11. Site as Represented on 1903 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1 " ,= 50 ft. what has come to be identified as #20-22 West Street. It would appear that it is the 1903 and 1908 maps that are in error as the preceding three Sanborn maps from 1885, 1891, and 1897 each identified the eastern most half of the duplex as the boarding house and the western half as the dwelling. In further support of this reasoning, Sanborn maps generated in the second and third decades of the current century return to the designation of the eastern half of the duplex as the boarding house and the western half as the dwelling. Also of note from the 1903 Sanborn map is the disappearance of the small outbuilding or shed at the rear of the partition or wall extending rearward from the duplex's centerline. The eastern half of the duplex was now stepped back even further, with a very modest one-story addition to the rear of the two-story rear addition to the structure at #20 (formerly #18) West Street. The brick wall serving as the property line between #22 West Street and its western neighbor at #26 West Street had been raised one foot so that it now stood seven feet in height-- or, perhaps the measurements of the previous cartographer were inaccurate. The 1908 Sanborn map depicted the same onsite configuration and (mis)identification of the structures at numbers 20 and 22 West Street. By 1913, interestingly, both halves of the duplex were labeled "Boarding" on the Sanborn Fire insurance maps issued that year (see Figure 13). That was the only change, and may in fact have represented a partial correction of the misattribution of the western half of the duplex as a boarding house in 1903. The 1921 (Figure 14) Sanborn map depicts substantive changes in the layout and use of space on the western half of the site. Use and configuration of the eastern half, the #20 West Street portion, remained unchanged. The western portion, however, has returned to its previous identification as a dwelling. In addition, however, one notes a shop running southward to West Street--occupying what would have been the "front yard" of #22 West Street. This shop was slightly narrower than the dwelling that it eclipsed or shielded from view, and was identified on the 1921 Sanborn map as "B & S." Also of note is the fact that the structure that formerly appeared to be an addition to the rear of the dwelling at #22 West Street became a support structurelbuilding associated with a substantial garage, entered from #29 Northwest Street. It had the exact same configuration as it did on previous maps, was still only one story high, yet was identified as a "Ware Ho. " in 1921. Polk's Annapolis Directory for 1924 contained entries for both 20 and 22 West Street. These entries were cursory and simply read as follows: WEST-From W Church Circle to limits 20 Keller Dan1 E 22 Quality Lunch Soon thereafter, the property changed hands again. A deed recorded in 1928 recorded the sale of #20 West Street by Maud E. Morrow and her husband, Charles A. Morrow, to Luigi and Andrea Calabrese (A.A. Co. Deeds, Liber F.S.R., No. 39, f. 273 [ANNE ARUNDEL CO. COURT HOUSE]). An Annapolis City Directory, dated 1928-1929 contained entries for 20 and Figure 13. Site as Represented on 1913 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1 " = 50 ft. Figure 14. Site as Represented on 192 1 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1 " = 5- ft. 22 West Street that ran as follows: WEST--From westside [sic] Church Circle to limits and bey[ond] 20 Keller D E 22 Capital City Sup House Wilson A H The property remained in Calabrese hands up until the time of the property's condemnation and subsequent demolition. Several significant changes and additions were made to the front and rear areas of the duplex by 1930. A Sanborn Fire Insurance map (see Figure 15) dating from 1930 revealed substantial alteration to have occurred in the intervening nine years between the 1921 and 1930 Sanborn maps. To be specific, the previously identified tile-floored "B. & S . " in the front yard of the western half of the duplex had been partitioned into two stores. According to the cartographic evidence, these two enterprises were assigned the street addresses 22A and 22B West Street. What had once appeared as a one-story rear addition and had subsequently been identified as a one-story warehouse to the rear of the western half of the duplex, was by 1930 an automobile garage larger in size than the dwelling house that it abutted. Another change noted on the 1930 Sanborn map was the fact that by 1930 two stores had been erected in the front yard area of the eastern half of the duplex. These stores were identified with street addresses 20 and 20% West Street. A 1939 Annapolis City Directory shed considerable light on onsite land use during this period: WEST--From Church Circle at Farmers' National Bank west to Parole line 20 Capitol Barber Shop Gott Thomas 0 ins Anderson Marvin I lawyer Chaney Edw G lawyer Tarantino Henry J lawyer Calabrese Luigi 7 Calabrese Andrea 5 20% Montgomery Ward & Co order office 22 Monumental L i e Insurance Co. rear 22lh Martin Raymond B auto repr Nearly 20 years passed before the updating of the Sanborn Fire Insurance maps by which time, in 1951 (see Figure 16), it is noted that the two stores were still being run from the "front yard" of the eastern half of the duplex. These stores were designated with street addresses 20 and 20% West Street. Interestingly, this map identified the eastern half of the duplex as a dwelling. The western half, on the contrary, was labeled "Apts. " The Sanborn map revealed that the shape and size of the store located in the "front yard" of the western half of the duplex had been reconfigured and identified with a street address of 22 West Street. Also of note is the fact that a very small two-story addition protruded from the rear of the apartment half of the duplex, intruding upon space that had seen use as an automotive garage some twenty years Figure 15. Site as Represented on 1930 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1" = 50 ft. Figure 16. Site as Represented on 1951 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. Scale 1 " .= 50 ft. previously (i.e., as represented on the 1930 Sanborn Fire Insurance map). By 1951, that space saw use as a paint storage facility. It seems likely that this storage/warehouse building, associated with the business occupying the backlot at 26 West Street and running all the way back to the rear of the lot at Northwest Street, had grown over time as an expansion of the one- story warehouse that first appeared on the backlot on the 1921 Sanborn map. A 1955 document recorded the transfer of ownership of #20 West Street from Luigi and Andrea Calabrese to Andrea and Angelina Calabrese (A. A. Co. Deeds, Liber J.H.H., No. 10, f. 206 [ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT HOUSE]). Bullock's historic structures report (1969) reports the following: The deed has not yet been located, but at some point in the early 1900s #22 West Street was purchased by the Monumental Life Insurance Company. An office building was constructed in what had been the front garden. The west portion of the house itself, owned by Samuel M. Ivrey, has remained vacant and fallen into disrepair (Bullock 1969:n.p.). The state and use of the property, mid-twentieth century, a little over a decade prior to its demolition, is described somewhat longingly in a passage from Duval's lot history. Her description speaks to an interest in preserving Annapolis' architecture and sense of history that thrives as much today as it did at the time of writing, in 1959: Lot 71 of old Annapolis today presents little semblance to its appearance in years long gone by. The fourteen-room brick residence once owned and occupied by Jonathan Pinkney and some years later by Chancellor Johnson is obscured by buildings erected in its former front yard. Half of it is owned and occupied by the family of Luigi Calabrese, a thrifty barber, while the other half is vacant and sadly in need of repair (Duval 1959: 11 1). At the point in time that Bullock's historic structures report was written, the structure identified in this report as the much altered ca. 1770 Pinkney-Harris-Johnson House was still standing. While clearly as much a plea for preservation as the preceding Duval effort, Bullock offered a detailed architectural analysis, of great relevance and assistance in the course of archaeological fieldwork and subsequent interpretation of discoveries. His synopsis included the following details: 1. The three storey [sic] structure behind the flat roofed two storey [sic] structures at 20, 22, 24 West Street is the structure considered here. The earliest part was built in the mid-18th century, considerably enlarged early in the 19th century, and considerable enlarged again late in the 19th century and divided into two houses. 2. First period--two storeys [sic], one room deep Second period--2% storeys [sic], two rooms deep Third period--3 storeys [sic]. two rooms deep 3. Brick exterior walls, flemish bond in 1st period, common bond in 2nd and 3rd periods. 4. Presently [sic] (3rd period) there are six bays on each floor, the western bay of each half being a door. In periods 1 and 2, these were no more than (and possibly fewer than) 5 bays, the center one being the door. 5. Two chimneys at each end (the west pair being east of the hall added at 3rd period). 6 . 1st and 2nd period--simple gabled roof; 3rd period--nearly flat, sloping north. 7. 1st period--unknown--probably center hall, one room on either side. 2nd period-- probably center hall with stairway, two rooms on either side; 3rd period--@air of houses) side halls with stairways, a pair of rooms east of hall. Rear wing access through rear of center hall. 8. Presently [sic] vacant; each half has been part of an indifferent apartment. 9. Most of the original 3rd period finish [wlork is still in evidence; front windows are blocked by streetfront commercial buildings. 10. Presently [sic] vacant; each half has been part of an indifferent apartment. 11. Most of the original 3rd period finish [wlork is still in evidence; front windows are bloocked [sic] by street-front commercial buildings. 12. General structural condition is fair, although maintenance and introduction of mechanical and electrical facilities has been very poor. 13. A two storey [sic] rear wing is centered on the whole structure, and appears to have been added at one of the three basic building periods. Two storey 20th century commercial structures fill the space between the older structure and the street. 14. This house once had both a front and a back yard; Only a small portion of the latter is remaining (Bullock 1969:n.p.) Bullock also provided an elevation of the structure, detailing its three periods of architectural expansion and adaption (nearly identical to the Elisabeth Ridout sketch retraced as Figure 5). Previous Archaeological Investigations Portions of the site identified in this report as the 22 West Street Backlot Site, 18AP51, were investigated prior to the 1988-1989 investigations outlined in this report. While partial documentation in the form of an incomplete set of photocopies of fieldnotes exists for (1) an unregistered site consisting of a substantial feature recovered in the course of digging out the basement for the structure moved to the West Street property and subsequently identified as No. 20 West Street (Hopkins n.d. ; Trescott 1988: personal communication), (2) a site registered as 18AP35, and excavated in 1983 (Yentsch et al. 1983), and (3) an undocumented collection of artifacts was assembled in the course of reseating the structure moved to the 20 West Street address from Prince George Street about five years ago (Knower 1988: personal communication; Trescott 1988: personal communication). Neither preliminary nor final reports have been prepared to relay the findings of either investigation or the collection to future researchers. Of greater moment is the fact that subsequent alterations have been made to the property and front yard park area at 20 West Street so as to render it next to impossible to locate the exact placement of units investigated during the 1983 excavations. Site Visit The first episode of prior investigation amounts simply to a field visit by a staff archaeologist of "Archaeology in Annapolis," who noted and sketched the presence of an extant brick wall. As noted above, the brickwork was discovered in the course of non-archaeological excavation of a basement for a structure moved to the property currently identified as #20 West Street, Annapolis, Maryland (Trescott 1988: personal communication). Excavations at 18AP35 The second, a much larger investment of both financial and physical resources, consisted of a few weeks of limited archaeological testing in July of 1983. This fieldwork occurred under the direction of Principal Investigator Dr. Anne Yentsch. It should be noted that Dr. Yentsch was not present during the course of the excavations, and that Dr. Richard J. Dent assisted the field crew on a consulting basis and made a number of site visits to aid in the interpretation of features and their material associations, to probe for indications of the extent of features recovered, as well as to assist in overall site planning and logistics. The resulting fieldnotes, graciously made available for consultation by Ms. S. Elizabeth Ford, a member of the 1983 field crew, are among the only surviving remains of this prior investigation. While these notes and recordings are not as complete as one would wish, they do at least indicate the rough placement of five test units in either the rear yard of No. 22 West Street or, as seems more likely, the lot where the structure currently designated No. 20 West Street is sited. None of these test units was taken to sterile subsoil and therefore they provide no thorough soil profile for direct comparison with the stratigraphy recovered in the 1988-1989 excavations--although it is highly likely that the general soil profiles would have extended across much of this area and probably out into the modem parking lot area as well. Excavation of these prior units did uncover indications of largely intact brick surfaces and foundations--not unlike our findings for the 22 West Street Backlot. The future recovery of the complete set of original fieldnotes will provide for a more complete synopsis of these excavations. A detailed search was made for the 18AP35 assemblage, so that it might be analyzed, washed, labelled, catalogued, and incorporated into the current study. This search, unfortunately, was not a productive one as the current investigators were unable to locate the materials. Unprovenienced Collection And finally, an unprovenienced collection was amassed in the course of seating the structure that now stands at 20 West Street (the King and Cornwall, Inc. offices). A rear addition, equal to the original size of the moved structure, was added to the back (i.e., north facade) of the house, and excavations were made for the placement of a full basement below the rear part of the building. In the course of excavating for the basement, a number of eighteenth- century artifacts were uncovered as well as a portion of a brick wall, noted above. These artifactual materials were not removed archaeologically. That is, no sort of provenience for the materials was noted. Other materials included in the soils underlying the present ground surface were displaced in the course of this activity, and in some cases these materials (of earlier date) capped twentieth-century layers in the neighboring yard area to the West (i.e., the 22 West Street Backlot project area). These materials are currently in the possession of Mr. Robert Trescott of Annapolis, who graciously made them available for consultation. This summary of the previous recovery of archaeological materials from the area, while admittedly sketchy, does support indications that the neighboring backlot area was likely to possess significant cultural resources below the modem ground surface. In addition, these indications received corroboration from the subsequent investigation of the adjacent property, presented in this report. Other Relevant Archaeological Investigations Two subsequent undertakings bear mentioning in the discussion of interpretation of the 22 West Street Backlot site: (1) test excavations at Gott's Court (18AP52), undertaken by "Archaeology in Annapolis" in the summer of 1989 (after completing excavations at 18AP5 1 in April), and (2) phase 111111 excavations at Gott's Court (18AP52) conducted by R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, between October, 1991 and February, 1992. Test Excavations at Gott's Court (18AP52) In the summer of 1989, staff of the "Archaeology in Annapolis" project under the direction of Principal Investigator Dr. Barbara J. Little, completed a three-week phase of testing on the interior portion of the block bounded by Calvert, West, and Northwest Streets. These excavations were completed under contract with the City of Annapolis and addressed an area that was occupied since the mid-eighteenth century and was occupied by African Americans in the early twentieth century. Test excavations focused on two main areas: (1) the properties to the rear of 40-50 West Street (Stoddert Lot #67) and (2) a plot of worker's housing consisting of 25 frame structures built between 1907 and 1908 and occupied by African Americans. These investigations resulted in the recovery of 7 buried features: two ash lenses; a mid-nineteenth century posthole; a cone- shaped, metal object originally thought to have been part of a metal post; a twentieth-century sewer pipe and associated pipe trench; a pipe trench and the water or gas pipes that it accommodated; and a soil stain caused by a decayed plant root. A report on the investigations, including detailed artifact analyses including minimum vessel counts for ceramics and glasswares and comparison of same with assemblages from another Annapolis site, the Main Street site (18AP44), is available (Warner 1990, 1992). Test excavations recovered remains and materials dating to the mid-eighteenth century. Recommendations for further testing were made, and three specific areas were suggested in which to focus future work (Warner 1992:35-37). Phase 111111 Excavations of the Gott's Court Parking Facility Subsequent to the investigations summarized above, Phase IIIIII investigations were undertaken on a three-acre project area consisting of the historic Gott's Court property, immediately northwest of the 22 West Street Backlot site. These excavations were conducted under the direction of R. Christopher Goodwin, Principal Investigator, and spanned the period of October, 1991 to February, 1992. This fieldwork consisted of intensive treatment of the Gott's Court project area, mentioned above, and was conducted under contract with the City of Annapolis. Phase WIII excavations at Gott's Court resulted in the recovery, identification, and analysis of some 21,000 artifacts as well as 100 features. Archaeologically recovered features served to document construction and destruction episodes at the Gott's Court housing; architectural remains such as builders' trenches, brick piers, postholes, and posts; a nineteenth- century, ca. 1815, well; an early eighteenth-century, ca. 1710, cellarhole; and an early eighteenthcentury, ca. 1715, sheet midden, as a few examples (cf. Goodwin et al. 1993:45-58). The ceramic, faunal, and botanical materials received detailed treatment, and are presented as appendices to the two-volume site report (Goodwin et al. 1993). Summary and Conclusions Documentary evidence indicated that the general project area had a high degree of potential for providing historical information to fill several gaps in our understanding of Annapolis' historical development. Moreover, the proximity to the early twentieth-century Gott's Court housing, the below-ground integrity of which would be obliterated by the proposed parking facility, constituted a substantive unwritten chapter in the city's urban history. Previous investigations, of both a documentary and a preliminary archaeological nature (i.e., limited below-ground testing and pedestrian survey) indicated that the West Street corridor in general, and the current 22 West Street Backlot area in particular, merited archaeological investigation prior to any activity that might further compromise the depositional context of materials buried there. As a result, arrangements were made between the principal investigator, Dr. Paul A. Shackel, and the property's current owners to initiate archaeological investigation of the property. RESEARCH DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES Introduction Field investigations at the 22 West Street Backlot site were conducted within the broader context of a research undertaking known as "Archaeology in Annapolis. " Before discussing the specific research design and methods used in the course of the current undertaking, a brief summary of the larger project's goals is in order. Since 1981, members of the "Archaeology in Annapolis" project, a cooperative project between preservation group Historic Annapolis Foundation and the Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, have participated in the testing and/or large-scale excavation of some three dozen archaeological sites within the Historic District of the city of Annapolis. The project proceeds under the direction of Dr. Mark P. Leone, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park. The work at many of these sites has been completed with a public program dimension, varying in its particulars from site to site, but incorporating archaeologists, trained as interpreters, engaging visitors and passersby in a dialogue about archaeology, Annapolis, and the past. The major goal of the archaeological work undertaken in this town has been to focus on and examine, from a critically-informed anthropological perspective (cf. Leone, Potter, and Shackel 1987), the social and economic history of 18th-century Annapolis. Regardless of the exact nature and duration of the individual projects undertaken by the "Archaeology in Annapolis" team, the project addresses several main avenues of inquiry: 1) landscape and the evolution of the town plan, 2) the economic development of crafts and businesses, 3) the structuring and restructuring of wealth in Annapolis society, 4) the increasing segmentation of Annapolis society as reflected in material culture and, more recently, 5) the presence and contributions of Annapolis' African American population, which has been under-represented in historical and archaeological investigations. Our proposed work in the West Street area, a largely heretofore unexamined area of Annapolis7 archaeological record, was designed to cross-cut several of the above-mentioned research themes as well as to fulfill its salvage excavation role. In integrating these several themes, the excavation of largely intact, relatively undisturbed (or in this instance, assessing the level of below-ground disturbance to) lots, such as those adjoining the West Street corridor is essential. For this reason, project members were eager to take advantage of this opportunity to gain access to, in the course of what was originally only envisioned as ten weeks of excavation but ultimately resulted in 8 month's worth of work, an otherwise undocumented portion of Annapolis' archaeological record. Also of note is the comparative value of the study of such a houselot, with its likelihood of accompanying outbuildings, privies, wells, vernacular gardens, and other sealed contexts. Comparisons with properties studied elsewhere in Annapolis as well as with sites studied in other urban contexts along the Eastern seaboard are likely to be fruitful. Research Questions Research questions to be addressed in the course of excavations at the 22 West Street Backlot were relatively straightforward, as the current undertaking was initially framed as limited archaeological testing. As site conditions indicated that the site had undergone partial disturbance yet remained intact in other areas, more sophisticated research questions were devised. Excavations were undertaken at the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51) for purposes of providing answers or insight to the following issues: 1. Does the site have below-ground archaeological integrity? (this was not known prior to excavation); 2. Is there evidence of prehistoric occupation? (this was not predicted); 3. Will buried resources clarify the early lot history?; 4. What below-ground evidence is there for early craft production in this part of town?; 5. What sort of below-ground evidence is there for domestic occupation of the site, and how has the relationship between home and workplace changed or been modified over the life of the lot?; 6. Can the 22 West Street Backlot serve as a "window" or index to the likelihood of recovering intact buried remains in the interior areas of the block bounded by Calvert, West, and Northwest Streets (i.e., the area in which the bulk of the planned parking facility was to be situated)?; 7. Might changes in land use noted on this particular site serve as data with which to construct a model to address the growth and development of this part of town (a poorly-documented period in the town's history)? RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS Introduction Archaeological investigation of the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51) consisted of three major components: archaeological fieldwork, laboratory fieldwork, and subsequent analysis of fieldnotes and report preparation. Fieldwork was conducted between the period 04 October 1988 - 13 April 1989. Initial laboratory processing of materials (washing, labelling, and cataloguing of materials) was conducted simultaneously. Some time later, after other project priorities were met, cross-mending and Minimum Vessel Count analyses were undertaken. Over the course of the intervening four years since excavations were halted and the site backfilled, the current report has been in preparation. The paragraphs to follow will outline the specific methods and results of the fieldwork and laboratory components of the current undertaking. Guidelines provided by the Maryland Historical Trust (McNamara 1981; Shaffer and Cole 1993) were useful in structuring the discussions that follow. Field Investigations Archaeological fieldwork at 18AP51 was performed by paid crew members consisting of graduate students from the University of Maryland, College Park; the American University; Brown University; and Boston University. Both paid and volunteer field assistants were drawn from undergraduate students at the University of Maryland, College Park and George Mason University. Additional assistance was provided by two high school students from the Baltimore County Public Schools. Each of these individuals is named in this report's acknowledgments. The two sections immediately following this introduction outline the methods utilized in the archaeological excavation of the 22 West Street Backlot as well as the discoveries made and understanding achieved as a result of the undertaking. Site stratigraphy, a detailed explanation of archaeological features recovered, as well as an explanation for how our inquiry proceeded are offered below. Methods The archaeological study of the 22 West Street backlot consisted of documentary research complemented by a study of existing surface and subsurface conditions of the property through walkover and excavation, as well as a subsequent period of analysis and interpretation. The documentary history of the property and our rationale for investigating the site have been treated in detail above. It remains to explain and describe the specific field procedures enacted and the ensuing interpretations. The investigation of the current status of the property prior to our excavations was necessary for two reasons: (1) to assess the nature and extent of prior disturbances, excavations, and alterations to the site, information critical to an evaluation of survival potential for below- ground archaeological resources; and (2) to inform our excavation strategy, namely to help us decide where to first concentrate our efforts and to assist in the interpretation of remains uncovered. Documenting Existing Conditions The documentation of existing conditions relied on several sources, several of which are outlined above. One last important source was made available to us under the aegis of the Miss Utility program--a service sponsored and coordinated by the Baltimore, Gas, and Electric Company. To be specific, the utility company sends out representatives from the various utility services to literally spray paint the ground over the top of gas, telephone, and electric lines. With guidance on specific areas to avoid, a la the utility companies' location of buried utility lines, an indication of where previous archaeological units were likely to have been placed (Yentsch et al. 1983), as well as a 15-20 ft. buffer zone along the edge of the current No. 20 West Street, our initial field strategy was developed. Excavation Strategy Prior to commencement of excavation, a grid system was superimposed over the site (see Figure 6 for site map). A system of thirteen 5 X 5 ft. squares was established running along a north-south axis, measured in from an Annapolis city survey mark. The north-south axis intersected with an east-west axis consisting of seven 5 X 5 ft. units. The site datum was measured in from Annapolis city survey marker #I774 (an urban equivalent of a U.S.G.S. bench mark) in order to provide an above mean sea level reading for all elevations (depth measurements) taken during the course of field investigations. All measurements were taken with a surveyor's transit, relative to the site datum. A transit station was established in a relatively protected area of the site, adjacent to the structure at No. 20 West Street, where the instrument would be sheltered from the gusting wind funnelled through the vacant lot by the taller structures to each side. Two site data were established, one for daily use and the other as a safety measure in the event that any earth moving equipment to be brought on site might endanger the northernmost datum. It was absolutely essential that this reference point for all future measurements be as permanent as possible. As the site was an open backlot, and as we had such a large volunteer contingent on the crew, it was determined that there would be far less ambiguity involved were the measurements to be taken from a well-seated spike rather than using an architectural feature such as the comer of the patio behind the Christian Science Reading Room at 22 West Street (subsequently covered in bales of hay in an attempt to contain soil erosion and run off), or the comer of a neighboring building (with downspouts and overhang to contend with). The main site datum, or (0,O) point, was established at the northwestern extent that the excavations were to cover (see Figure 6). This datum is also the northwest comer of Unit SOE5- -an area out of the way of foot traffic and field equipment. The safety datum was established just off the northeast comer of the concrete patio located behind the structure at No.22 West Street. The data were identified by galvanized gutter spikes sunk in a commercial concrete (i.e., Sakrete) mixture. These markers were left in the ground as markers for any future survey or excavation work that may be undertaken. Of 91 units available for sampling, 18 were excavated. Of the 18 units that underwent excavation, only four were taken all the way to sterile subsoil (layers void of cultural materials and therefore preceding human occupation of the site). This was no small feat, as in several instances the units taken to sterile achieved depths of six or seven ft. below the site datum. In all, 19.78 % of the defined project area underwent investigation. Unit designations or names were assigned relative to the main site datum. Units were named from the northeast corner counting outward from the site datum by fives (see Figure 6). Units were excavated according to natural stratigraphic layers with the exception that if any layer were thicker (i.e., deeper) than 0.5 ft., it was arbitrarily terminated and the next sequential level letter was assigned. All layers (natural stratigraphy) and levels (arbitrarily terminated soil layers) were designated alphabetically with upper case letters (e.g., A, B, C, etc.). In archaeological parlance, a feature is used to refer to an installation or object (often of comparatively large size) whose function is an outgrowth of its position. By definition, the excavation or removal of a feature changes the very nature of the item in a manner very different from simply bagging ceramic sherds or other, smaller finds. Such items as a wall, trash pit, or a fireplace, for example, would be referred to as a feature (i.e., they are non- portable artifacts). In addition, it is not uncommon for features to interrupt or cut through one or more natural soil layers. For this reason, it is necessary that stratigraphic control be maintained vertically down through any feature consisting of multiple layers/levels. In keeping with this need that a distinction be made between the levels of a feature and natural soil layers, all levels within features are designated by lower case letters (e.g., a, b, c, etc.). Each feature, in turn, was designated by an upper case letter F, followed by a number (e.g., F1, F2, F3, etc.). Feature numbers are assigned in the order of their discovery and, as a result, consecutive feature numbers may not necessarily be contiguous to one another across the site, nor do feature numbers form a sequence within any one unit. Excavation was, with one exception to be noted below, conducted by shovel skimming and trowelling, and soils were screened through quarter-inch screen mesh. After the removal of the sod (grass and root mat) from each of the units by shovel cutting, excavation proceeded by shovelling until changes in the soil matrix were dimmed. In the interests of time, for really the excavations were continued on a week-by-week basis, it was deemed necessary to excavate much of the site with shovels. This was accomplished by the careful shaving of small increments in small passes with the shovel blade. This strategy proved successful in that the strata across the site were clearly demarcated, with the exception of disturbances resulting from utility trenches or destruction episodes. In those instances and, certainly, in the excavation of all features and layer interfaces, excavation proceeded by careful trowelling. With only a few exceptions, all cultural materials were collected and saved. In the case of particularly abundant categories such as brick fragments, mortar, plaster, charcoal, slag, bog iron and the like, only representative samples were retained. The remainder of these materials were discarded with their relative proportion duly noted. Similarly in a few instances, in the interest of time, it was suggested by the Principal Investigator that soils from upper layers in areas demonstrated by findings in surrounding units to be either low in artifact count and high in frozen clay content or simply highly disturbed were not screened. Instead, artifacts were bagged as recovered in the unit, and artifacts were recovered from soils heaped by layer into wheel barrows prior to their addition to the back dirt pile. These select instances are indicated in the Unit Summaries as "grab sampled," a term invoked by the crew chief, Esther Doyle Read. In these instances, artifacts were recovered and bagged in the process of excavation. The probable loss of smaller finds as a result of this strategy, items such as straight pins, fish scales, and some of the smaller faunal remains for example, while regrettable, was a seen as a necessary evil in light of stringent time constraints and excavation conditions. All artifacts recovered were saved, washed, labelled, and catalogued at the Victualling Warehouse Archaeology Laboratory in Annapolis. The artifact catalog was entered onto a dBase III program, and is presented toward the end of the report as Appendix B). The artifacts are at present being stored at the Annapolis laboratory subsequent to the completion of a minimum vessel count, also performed at that facility. None of the materials has, at present, undergone conservation. Faunal materials were removed from the collection and will undergo analysis (detailed identification and the computation of minimum numbers of individuals) by Mark Warner, a faunal analyst and research assistant with the Archaeology in Annapolis Project. Upon completion, his findings will be available as a supplement to this report. While no exhibit of these materials is currently underway, it is likely that they will be used at some future date in conjunction with materials recovered from one or more of the two dozen other Annapolis sites. Until that time, however, interested scholars should be aware that these materials are available for study and comparison--as are all materials from sites excavated by Archaeology in Annapolis. When excavation first commenced, and the degree of filling of the site became apparent, it was determined that as a time saving strategy neither soil nor flotation samples would be taken. In hindsight, this decision is regrettable as it would now be of keen interest to have plant and soil chemistry data for the non-disturbed portions of the site. However, as the project was originally envisioned, we could neither have anticipated the amount of time we would ultimately receive in the field nor the horizontal and vertical extent that our work would take on. In addition to the collection and subsequent analysis of artifactual materials, exhaustive field notes were maintained. Also, color photographic records were made of each unit at each stage of excavation. Measured field drawings, plan and profiles drawn to scale, were made and are presented as illustrations elsewhere in this report. A public program was in place and paid crew members greeted interested persons, on demand, and offered a site tour. Historic Annapolis Foundation mounted a large painted placard containing lot history information to the side of the King and Cornwall, Inc. offices at #20 West Street. This building formed the eastern most site boundary, so the sign sewed as an integral part of site interpretation. Newspaper, television, and AM-radio talk show interviews were initiated by Ms. Bebe Murry, site public relations representative, hired by King and Cornwall, Inc. In addition, two press releases were prepared and distributed during the course of excavations. Results The limited testing phase of archaeological reconnaissance of the 22 West Street Backlot made use of judgmental selection of units for excavation based on a walkover survey of the property by the Project Archaeologists and Principal Investigator. More intensive excavations were initiated once it became evident that the site did possess intact deposits, once we were able to delineate (and thus avoid) the cellar hole and post-fire and razing fill extent. In all, excavations resulted in the recovery and identification of 53 features as well as 174 bags of artifacts, some individual bag assignments (by layer per unit or by layer of each feature) ran to multiple bags. For a detailed individual artifact count, interested persons are referred to Appendix B. The bulk of the fieldwork results discussion is dedicated to stratum description and reconstruction as well as to a detailed accounting of the numerous features recovered from the site. Detailed descriptions and interpretations of the 15 major soil strata encountered on the site are provided below. The strata descriptions are followed by a synopsis of feature identifications as provided in Table 2. The table is, in turn, followed by complete feature-by-feature descriptions with supporting documentation and assignment of TPQ's. Strata Reconstructions As noted above, a total of 15 soil strata were reconstructed for the site. The fist unit to undergo excavation was selected on the basis of evidence of brickwork protruding through the surface of the grass. It was hoped that this brickwork would coincide with a structure indicated on Sanborn Fire Insurance maps as having stood previously on the property. The orientation and scale of this structure became apparent in the course of excavation of this unit, as did the substantial degree of filling, and after literally digging our way out of the house we concentrated our efforts on a scattered series of units to sample house foundation, cellar fill, yard area, and the presence of additional structures located below the overgrown grasses of the modern backlot. The following is a general description of results of archaeological excavation at the 22 West Street backlot, Annapolis, Maryland. Eighteen 5 X 5 ft. units underwent examination (see Figure 6). In the section to follow all layers/levels of similar origin found across the site will be discussed, layer by layer, and consideration of their relationships and associations will be made. The term Stratum is used here as opposed to the term "Mega-stratum" which is the more common of the two in "Archaeology in Annapolis" project nomenclature. This distinction is made in order to avoid any possible confusion with "mega-levels" removed by backhoe excavation at 18AP5 1. Therefore, groupings of analytically similar layers/levels and features will be combined into broader units referred to as Strata. Reconstructed soil strata are represented by Roman numerals I through XV. Stratum I Stratum I consisted of twentieth century sod layer and root mat, across the site. This stratum varied from a 10 YR 313 dark brown loam, through a 10 YR 314 dark yellowish brown sandy loam, to a 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown loamy sand. Moving southward horizontally from the site datum located in the in the northwest corner of Unit SOE5, Stratum I was comprised of LayerILevel A in Units N5E15, N5E20, SOElO (where the surface level has been worn down by foot traffic across the site), SOE15, S5E15, S30E15, S45E20, and S60E10; as well as LayerILevel B in Units SOE10, S45E20, and S60E10. Stratum I averaged 0.12 feet in thickness and was recovered at a mean depth of 0.12 feet below site datum. Stratum I was rich in cultural materials, a sampling of which included: unglazed coarse earthenware; interior lead glazed coarse earthenwares; tin glazed earthenware; white saltglazed stoneware, undecorated and molded varieties; creamware; undecorated pearlware; underglaze handpainted peasant palette pearlware; undecorated whiteware; undecorated yellow ware; gray bodied coarse stonewares; blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain; semi-porcelain bathroom fixture fragments; 4/64" and 5/64" kaolin pipestem fragment; dark olive green wine bottle fragments, body and base pieces; clear and amber bottle glass; flat window glass; corroded iron nails; pull tab; canning lid; natural stone such as white chalk and slate; mortar fragments; brick fragments; animal bones; flooring tile/linoleum fragments; terra cotta drain tiles; sewer pipe fragments; charcoal; coal clinker; oyster fragments; worked wood; shell buttons; bent lead fragments; copper nuts, strips, and sheeting; aluminum pull tabs, wire, and sheeting; slag; asphalt shingle fragments; tar paper; caulking tips; aluminum foil; paper; paint chips; and assorted plastic fragments such as coffee cup lids, drinking straws, and carry-out stirrers. (N.B.: The reader should note that a complete listing of all artifacts recovered from each levelllayer and feature of each unit is provided below as Appendix B. These listings are simply offered as an 'index to the level of disturbance as well as corroboration for the general chronological attributions offered in this section.) Stratum II Stratum I1 consisted of a very disturbed layer across the site that exhibited reverse stratigraphy in some locations. Soil munsell readings for this layer supported its interpretation as a jumbling of materials--ranging from a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loan mottled with a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown sandy loam; to a 10 YR 212 very dark brown sandy loam; to a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown sandy loam mottled with a 7.5 YR 518 strong brown sandy loam and containing 2.5 YR 414 olive brown claylloam inclusions; through a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown mottled with a 2.5 Y olive brown clayey loam. This disturbance and jumbling of artifactual materials was associated with digging out a cellarhole for the King and Comwall office that was moved to the current location at 20 West Street within the past decade. This stratum post-dates the major filling episode in which a sand layer (Stratum ID) was deposited across the site after the razing of the duplex at No. 20-22 West Street. Moving southeastward across the site from the site datum, Stratum I1 was comprised of LayerILevel B in Units SOE15 and S5E15; LayerILevel C in Units SOE15, S5E15, S45E20, and S60E10; and Layer D in S45E20. Stratum 11 averaged 0.32 feet in thickness, and was located at a mean elevation of 0.22 feet below site datum. Artifacts recovered from this stratum included, among other things: slip combed coarse earthenware; glazeless and white glazed tin glaze earthenware; molded creamware; undecorated, annular, blue transferprinted, and green shell edged pearlware; undecorated and green handpainted whiteware; jackfield; rockingham; gray bodied coarse stoneware; white saltglazed stoneware; blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain; semi-porcelain; undecorated kaolin pipe bowl fragment; a 5/64" kaolin pipestem; sewer pipe; brown, yellow, aqua, and green bottle glass; molded milk glass; dark olive green bottle fragments; flat window glass; unidentified corroded, cut, and modern wire nails; chrome-plated iron bolt fragment; natural stone; mortar fragments; animal bones; animal teeth; fish scales; brick fragments; oyster and clam shell fragments; worked wood; twine; coal clinker; wood button; brass snap; iron door fitting; iron threaded bolt; brass screw; sheets and strips of lead; copper alloy washer; slag; assorted plastics, including a film canister cap; a 1982 penny and a 1976 dime; bottle caps; a pull tab; aluminum foil; a .22 caliber shell casing; a cigarette filter; and a possible brake shoe. Stratum III Stratum I11 consisted of a layer of late twentieth century sand, located in the southern most and central portions of the site. This sand was brought to the site and deposited in the process of levelling the razed Harris-Pinkney-Johnson House. Stratum 111 consisted of Layer/Levels E, F, G.4 (northeast quadrant), and H.4 (northeast quadrant) in Unit S45E20; as well as LayerslLevels D, E, F, G , H, and I in Unit S60E10. Soil munsells for Stratum 111 were uniform, within a range of 7.5 YR 416 strong brown loamy sand, 7.5 YR 416 strong brown clayey sand, 7.5 YR 516 strong brown clayey sand, 7.5 YR 416 strong brown clay, 7.5 YR strong brown clay, and a 7.5 YR 516 strong brown sand with clay inclusions. Stratum III was 2.02 feet thick in S45E2O and 2.85 ft. thick in S60E10, with an average thickness of 2.44 feet. This sand deposit was located at a mean elevation of 0.71 feet below site datum. This stratum was almost entirely devoid of cultural materials. Artifacts recovered included: one fragment handpainted whiteware; concrete block; brick fragments; mortar fragments; slate, iron laden sandstone (a.k.a. bog iron), and other natural stone; oyster shell fragment; charcoal; seeds and other plant remains; flat window glass; tar paper; and possibly slag. Stratwn N Stratum IV consisted of miscellaneous twentieth century yard features. Munsells for the various layers, levels, and features comprising this strata ranged from a 7.5 YR 416 yellow brown clay; to a 7.5 YR 416 strong brown loamy sand with 2.5 YR 316 rust stains; a 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loarns with shell, brick, and charcoal inclusions, to 10 YR 314 dark brown sandy loams; to 10 YR 414 mottled with 10 YR 416 dark brown loam containing brick fragments; a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown mottled with a 10 YR 514 yellow brown, a 10 YR 413 dark brown sand, mottled with a 10 YR 616 brown and 10 YR 813 very pale brown mortar; a 10 YR 513 brown ashy silt; a 10 YR 211 black mottled with a 10 YR 212 very dark brown sandy loam with brick flecks; a 10 YR 212 very dark brown loamy sand; a 10 YR 211 charcoal and tar layer containing brick and mortar fragments; through a 10 YR 713 very light brown sand. Moving southward and eastward from the site datum, this stratum was comprised of Features 23c, d, and g (a utility pipe trench) in Unit N5E15; Feature 14 (an unmortared brick drain) in Unit N5E20; Feature 15a (the southwest comer of an unexcavated Yentsch et al. 1983 unit) in Unit N5E2O; Feature 16 (a pipe trench) in Unit N5E20; Features 17a, b, c, d, and e (a brick downspout catchment) in Unit N5E20; Feature 26 (a mortared surface) in N5E20; Level C in N5E20; Features 6a and 6b (a burned charcoal concentration) in SOE15; Feature 9 (a concrete pad) in S5E15; Features 2a and 2b (a planting feature) in S60E10; and Feature 3 (a clay lens) in S60E10. This stratum averaged 0.39 feet in thickness, and was encountered at a mean elevation of 0.62 below site datum. Cultural materials recovered from this stratum consisted of: interior- exterior lead glazed coarse earthenware; creamware; undecorated and green shell edged pearlware; blue transferprin ted whiteware; soft paste porcelain; gray bodied coarse stoneware; ironstone; clear, aqua, and amber bottle glass fragments; dark olive green wine bottle fragments; machine made embossed "vaseline" bottle; flat window glass; liquor "miniatures;" mbberlplastic bottle cap liners; 4/64" kaolin pipestem fragment; many sewer pipe fragments; mortar fragments; natural stone, including iron laden sandstone (a.k.a. bog iron); brick fragments; animal bones; coal clinker; oyster and clam shell fragments; maple seed and tree bark; oyster shell button; light bulb fragments; unidentified corroded nail fragments; copper wire and flat fragment of copper alloy; copper alloy rivets, washers, screw, electrical fitting, and two-inch rod; iron bolts, screws, washers, and nuts; miscellaneous plastic objects; and slag. Stratum V Stratum V consisted of twentieth century fill layers, capping episodes, andlor disturbances. Soil munsells for this stratum varied between a 10 YR 412 dark grayish-brown rubble matrix; a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy clay; a 10 YR 312 very dark grayish- brown sandy clay; a 10 YR 313 dark brown sand mottled with a 10 YR 613 pale brown sand and cement; a 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam; a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown sandy loam; a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy clay; a 7.5 YR 614 light brown sand containing brick and mortar fragments; a 7.5 YR 516 strong brown clayey loam; a 7.5 YR 416 strong brown clayey loam; a 7.5 YR 414 dark brown loamy sand mottled with charcoal, brick, ash, and mortar fhgments; a 7.5 YR 516 strong brown loamy sand; a 10 YR 212 very dark brown sandy loam containing burned rubble and sandy loam; a 10 YR 211 charcoal and tar layer; a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sand. This stratum consisted of LayerILevel A in Unit S5E10; LayerILevel B in Units N5E15, S10E5, S10E15, and S15E15; LayerILevel C in Unit N5E15 and SOE10; LayerILevel D in Units SOElO and SOE15; LayerILevel E in Units SOElO and SOE15; Levels 1.4, J.4, K.4, and L.4 (all are the northeast quadrant of the unit) of S45E20; Levels J, K, L, M, and N in S60E10; LayerlLevels 0 and P in Unit S60E10; and Feature 10 in SSE15, Feature 22 in N5E20, Feature 36 in SlOE10, and Feature 7 in S60E10. This stratum averaged 0.77 feet in thickness, and was recover* at a mean elevation of 1.29 below site datum. Artifacts recovered from Stratum V include: unglazed, interior glazed, and exterior glazed coarse earthenwares; white glazed and blue-on-white tin glazed earthenware; white saltglazed stoneware; underglaze blue handpainted and green shell edged pearlware; undecorated, gold gilded handpainted, blue transferprinted, and annular whitewares; gray bodied coarse stoneware; yellow ware; ironstone; dark olive green wine bottle fragments; blown-in- mold patent medicine bottle neck; mason jar glass fragments; clear and aqua colored glass bottle fragments; milk glass; sewer pipe fragments; 6/64" kaolin pipestem fragment; brick and mortar fragments; tongue depressor fragment; black plastic sheeting; plastic comb tooth; unidentified corroded nails; iron angle iron and screen door hook; iron strip with rivet attached; one-inch diameter brass ring; copper wire; brass screw; zinc flashing; indian head penny; flint, slate, and other natural stones; shell button; crab claw fragment; seeds; animal bones; eggshell fragments; rodent jaws with teeth; bone toothbrush; bone button; plastic toothbrush handle; pencil lead; slag; charcoal briquette; asbestos fibers; tar paper; tar compound; paint chips; pneumatic tire valve cap; bottle cap; styrofoam; clear, red, and blue plastic fragments; and coal clinker. Stratum V7 Stratum VI consisted of machine-excavated "mega-levels." At the suggestion of Anne Arundel County Archaeologist, Dr. Alvin H. Luckenbach, a backhoe was utilized to remove the documented overburden across the rear portion of the site and expedite the excavation process. Due care was taken by the backhoe operator and excavation crew members so that it did not dismantle any buried brick remains or destroy many sidewalls of units already in progress. Munsells for soils comprising Stratum VI were varied and, as a result of the method of these soils' removal, individual munsells were not recorded. Moving southward from the site datum, Stratum VI was comprised of Mega-levels A in Units SOE5, S5E5, S 10E15, S 15E5, and S15E10. Stratum VI had an average thickness of 1.48 feet and was encountered, on average, at a mean depth of 0.05 feet below site datum. Artifacts recovered from Stratum VI included: unglazed coarse earthenware; white glazed tin glazed earthenware; creamware; undecorated and bead and reel white saltglazed stoneware; undecorated, handpainted peasant palette, annular, green shell edged pearlware; blue shell edged pearlware; undecorated, handpainted, and blue transferprinted whiteware; ironstone; mocha decorated yellow ware; jackfield; gray bodied coarse stoneware; aqua, clear, and amber bottle glass fragments; dark olive green wine bottle fragments; flat window glass; milk glass; glass tubing; 5/64" kaolin pipestem fragments; plaster fragments; mussel and oyster shells; crab claw fragment; eggshells; unidentified corroded and modern wire nails; natural stone; brick fragments; sewer pipe fragments; copper wire; slag; plastic; bottle cap; and asphalt shingle. Stratum VII Stratum VII consisted of transitional late nineteenthlearly twentieth century construction and/or destruction episodes. This stratum consisted largely of sands and sandy loams, ranging through a variety of munsells: a 10 YR 311 very dark gray mottled with a 10 YR 411 dark gray, ash, and coal; a 10 YR 313 dark brown sand mottled with a 10 YR 516 yellow brown sand with brick and mortar inclusions; a 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam with brick and mortar rubble; a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loam containing brick and mortar rubble; a 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown sand mottled with a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown; a 10 YR 416 strong brown mottled with a 10 YR 516 strong brown loamy sand; a 10 YR 616 brownish yellow sand; a 10 YR 516 yellow brown sand; a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sand; a 10 YR 514 yellow brown sand, containing whole bricks, brick bats, and mortar; a 10 YR 413 dark brown sand containing crushed shell; and a 10 YR 313 dark brown sand. Moving southward across the site, this stratum was manifested in LayerILevel D in N5E15; Level B in N5E2O; Features 23a, 23b, 23e, and 28 in Unit N5E20; Feature 5 in Units SOE15 and S5E15; Level F in SOE15; Levels D, E, F, and G in Unit S5E15; Feature 40 in S10E15; Feature 42 in Unit S10E15; and Features 37 and 43 in Unit S15E15. Stratum VII was encountered at a mean elevation of 1.07 feet below site datum, with an average thickness or depth of 0.29 feet. Cultural materials recovered included: coarse earthenwares; undecorated and shell edged creamware; undecorated pearlware; undecorated, annular, and blue transferprinted whiteware; yellow ware; rockingham; gray bodied coarse stoneware; English porcelain fragments; semi-porcelain; milk glass jar fragment; flat window glass; clear, amber, and blue-tinted bottle glass fragments; dark olive green wine bottle glass fragments; unidentified corroded nail fragments; iron nut, bolt, and washer; safety pin; spark plug; brick and plaster fragments; animal bones; animal teeth; eggshells; bone cutlery handle; leather strap; oyster, mussel, and clam shells; seeds; coal clinker; possible brake lining; sandstone, slate, and other natural rocks. Stratum VIII Stratum Vm consisted of mid to late nineteenth century disturbances. This stratum was comprised of Levels B and C in Unit S15E10. Munsells for Stratum VIII consisted of a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loam, mottled with a 7.5 YR 416 strong brown sandy loam; and a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam. Stratum VIII had an average depth or thickness of 0.14 feet, and was encountered at a mean elevations of 1.54 feet below site datum. Cultural materials recovered from this stratum included: underglaze blue handpainted pearlware; undecorated whiteware; flat window glass; dark olive green wine bottle fragments; milk glass fragments; 4/64" kaolin pipestem fragment; unidentified corroded nail fragments; brick and plaster fragments; natural stone; animal bones; oyster shells; eggshells; and coal clinker. Stratum IX Stratum IX consisted of mid to late nineteenth century fill layers, capping episodes, and assorted features. Soil matrices comprising Stratum IX had a variety of munsell readings, including: 10 YR 414 dark brown sandy loam; a 10 YR 516 dark yellow brown sandy loam, mottled with a 10 YR 313 dark yellow brown sandy loam; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam; 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown sandy loam; and a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown loamy sand. Moving southward across the site, Stratum IX consisted of Feature 30 and Level E in Unit N5E15; Level F in Unit SOE10; Level C in Unit S10E5; Feature 44 (a partial mid to late nineteenth century brick paving feature) in Unit S20E5; and Level B in Unit S20E5. Stratum IX consisted of an average thickness of 0.19 feet, and was located at a mean elevation of 1.57 feet below site datum. Cultural materials recovered from this Stratum included: Staffordshire manganese mottled ware; white glazed and blue-on-white tin glazed earthenware; undecorated creamware; undecorated pearlware; undecorated and handpainted whiteware; undecorated and molded (barley pattern) white saltglazed stoneware; flat window glass; green, blue, and clear bottle glass fragments; dark olive green wine bottle glass fragments; milk glass lid; 5/64" kaolin pipestem fragments; unidentifiable corroded nails; plaster, brick, and mortar fragments; animal bones; animal teeth; fish bones and scales; oyster shell fragments; shell button; coal clinker; natural stone; unidentified iron fragments; iron washer; one piece lead printer's type; copper alloy fragments; and one piece lead, possibly ammunition. Stratum X Stratum X consisted of early to mid nineteenth century architectural construction andlor destruction episodes as well as capping episodes and assorted features from this same time period. As one would expect, soil munsells for this Stratum varied widely, including: 10 YR 518 yellow brown sand; 10 Yr 313 sand, mottled with a 10 YR 616 sand; 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam; 10 YR 314 dark brown sandy loam; 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown clayey sand; 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown sandy loam with brick and mortar fragments; a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown sandy clay, mottled with brick, mortar, and shell; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sand; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown clay; 10 YR 518 yellow brown sand; a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown clayey loam, containing flecks of charcoal, brick, and mortar fragments; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sand, mottled with a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loam, a 10 YR 814 very pale brown mortar dust, and a 10 YR 418 red brick dust; 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown sandy loam; 7.5 YR 416 strong brown sand; 10 YR 412 dark grayish brown, mixed with a 10 YR 311 very dark gray charcoal and ash; as well as a 5 Y 812 pinkish-white mortar. Stratum X was comprised of Level D in Unit N5E20; Level F and Feature 8 in Unit N5E15; Level B in Unit SOB; Levels G , H, and K as well as Features 8, 21, 27, 3 1, and 33 in Unit SOE10; Levels G , H, and I as well as Features 8 and 21 in Unit SOE15; Level H in S5E15; Levels B, C, and D in Unit SlOE10; Feature 41 and Level C in Unit S10E15; Levels B, C, and D in Unit S15E5; Level D and Feature 45 in Unit S15E10; Level C in Unit S15E15; Level Q and Features 1 and 20 in Unit S60E10. This stratum exhibited an average thickness of 0.21 feet, and was encountered at a mean elevation of 1.56 feet below site datum. Artifacts recovered from Stratum X included: coarse earthenwares; undecorated, black transferprinted, and annular creamware; undecorated, underglaze blue handpainted, blue transferprinted, annular, and blue shell edged pearlware; undecorated, annular, green handpainted, and both blue and black transferprinted whiteware; yellow ware; gray bodied coarse stoneware; molded (dot, diaper, and basket) white saltglazed stoneware; unmarked kaolin pipe bowl; 5164" and 6/64" kaolin pipestems; clear and aqua colored bottle glass fragments; flat window glass; dark olive green wine bottle fragments; sewer pipe fragment; unidentifiable corroded nails; eagle and anchor decorated iron button; bone button; copper buckle; brick and plaster fragments; natural stone, including iron laden sandstone (a.k.a. bog iron), slate, and pebbles; animal bones; oyster shells; crab claw; snail shell; fish bones and scales; eggshells; small burned seed fragment; lead printer's type; lead rod; plastic comb tooth; and coal clinker. Stratum XI Stratum XI consisted of late eighteenthlearly nineteenth century features and fill episodes. This stratum was encountered at a mean elevation of 1.99 feet below site datum, and had an average depth or thickness of 0.63 feet. Munsells for individual soil layers and features comprising Stratum consisted of: 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown loamy sand, mottled with 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown loamy sand; 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown sandy loam, containing charcoal flecks; as well as 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown sandy clay. This stratum consisted of Feature 25 in Unit SOE5; Features 25 and 34 in Unit SOE10; Feature 32i Unit SOE15; Feature 39 in Unit S 1OE10; Levels E and F in Unit S 15E10; Level C in Unit S20E5; and Feature 12 in Unit S45E20. A wide variety of materials were recovered from Stratum XI. A sampling of these materials included: coarse earthenwares; slip combed earthenware; undecorated creamware; white glazed and blue-on-white tin glazed earthenware; undecorated whiteware; gray bodied coarse stoneware; incised Rhenish blue and gray stoneware; molded white saltglazed stoneware; blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain; dark olive green wine bottle fragments; machine made bottle bases; 4/64" and 5/64" kaolin pipestems; kaolin pipe bowl fragments; flat window glass; unidentifiable corroded nail ftagments; mortar, plaster, and brick fragments; animal bones; bone button; shell button; fish scales; eggshell; oyster shell fragments; clinker; plastic; flat iron fragments; copper alloy coil spring; flat leather fragments; charcoal. Stratum XII Stratum XII consisted of late eighteenth century features as well as late eighteenth century soil layers and yard surfaces. This stratum was comprised of Levels I and J in SOE10; Feature 11 in Unit S5E10; Feature 11 in Unit S5E15; Level I in Unit S5E15; Feature 11 in Unit S10E5; Feature 11 in Units SlOE10, S10E15, S15E10, and S15E15; and Levels M.4 and N.4 (northwest quadrant) of Unit S45E2O. Soil munsells for these assorted layers and features ranged from 10 YR 313 dark brown sand; 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy clay; to a 5 YR 416 yellow red sandy clay. Stratum XI1 was recovered at a mean depth of 2.23 feet below site datum, and had a mean thickness or depth of 0.31 feet. Cultural materials recovered from this stratum included: coarse earthenwares; white glazed tin glazed earthenware; undecorated creamware; undecorated and annular pearlware; undecorated whiteware; clear bottle glass; flat window glass; dark olive green wine bottle glass fragments; milk glass button; 4/64" and 5/64" kaolin pipestems; animal bones; unidentifiable corroded iron nails; flat lead fragments; oyster shell and blue crab fragments; plaster, mortar, and brick fragments; coal clinker; animal bones; animal teeth; natural stone; and slag. - Stratum XIII Stratum XI11 consisted of mid to late eighteenth century features and soil layers. This stratum consisted of Features 3 la, 3 lb, 31c, 3 Id, and 31e in Unit SOE5; Feature 13 in Unit S5E15; Level J in Unit S5E15; Levels G and H in Unit S 15E10; Feature 52 in Unit S 15E10; Levels D and E in Unit S20E5; and Features 46, 47, 48, 49a, and 49b in Unit S20E5. Stratum XIII was recovered at a mean depth of 2.37 feet below site datum, and had a mean thickness or depth of 0.37 feet. Soil matrices comprising this stratum had a variety of munsell readings: 10 YR 212 very dark brown sand; 10 YR 616 brownish yellow sand; 10 YR 518 red sand, mottled with 10 YR 314 dusky red sand; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam; 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loam, mottled with 7.5 YR 416 strong brown clay; 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown loamy clay; 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy clay; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sand, with clay inclusions; 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown sandy clay with brick stains; 7.5 YR 314 dark brown sand loam with charcoal; 5 YR 5/4 dark reddish brown sand with brick and mortar fragments. Artifacts recovered from this stratum included: coarse earthenwares; North Devon gravel tempered ware; slip combed earthenware; blue-on-white tin glazed earthenware; undecorated and handpainted creamware; undecorated and underglaze blue handpainted pearlware; molded and scratch blue white saltglazed stoneware; Nottingham stoneware; blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain; semi-porcelain; unidentifiable corroded iron nails; flat iron fragments; brown bottle glass; dark olive green wine bottle fragments, both case and round bottles; kaolin pipe bowl fragments; 4/64" and 5/64" kaolin pipestem; natural stone; animal bones; animal teeth; oyster shell fragments; plaster, brick, and mortar fragments; and a small brass pulley. Stratum XIV Stratum XIV consisted of early to mid eighteenth century features and soil layers. This stratum was comprised of Features 24a and 24b in Unit S5E15; Levels K, L, M, and N in Unit S5E15; Levels I and J in Unit S15E10; Feature 53 in Unit S15E10; Levels F, G , and H in Unit S20E5; and Features 50, 51a, 51b, and 51c in Unit S20E5. The accompanying munsells ranged from 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown clayey sand, mottled with flecks of charcoal, brick, and mortar; 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown loamy clay; 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loam, mottled with a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy clay; 10 YR 316 dark yellow brown sandy clay; 7.5 YR 314 dark brown sandy clay; 7.5 YR 416 strong brown sandy loam, mottled with 7.5 YR 414 dark brown sandy loam; and a 7.5 YR 414 dark brown sandy clay with bits of mortar. Stratum XIV was encountered at a mean depth of 2.96 feet below site datum, and exhibited a mean depth or thickness of 0.98 feet. Artifacts recovered from this stratum included: coarse earthenwares; buckley ware; slip combed earthenware; white glazed tin glaze earthenware; Rhenish blue and gray stoneware; white saltglazed stoneware; blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain; clear and light green bottle glass; dark olive green wine bottle glass; flat window glass; kaolin pipe bowl fragment; 4164" and 5/64" kaolin pipestems; unidentifiable corroded iron nails; unidentifiable corroded iron fragment; brick, plaster, and mortar fragments; natural stone; animal bones; animal teeth; and oyster shell fragments; coal clinker; and slag. Stratum XV Stratum XV consisted of sterile subsoil. This stratum was encountered at a mean elevation of 4.79 feet below site datum, with a mean depth or thickness of 0.98 feet. Soil munsells assigned to the sterile subsoil ranged from a 10 YR 4/6 dark yellow brown clayey loam; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy clay; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sand; 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown clay; 7.5 YR 4/6 strong brown clay with bog iron and pebbles; to a 2.5 YR 414 olive brown clay, mottled with 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown clay. This stratum was present in the form of Levels 0 and P in Unit S5E15; Level I in Unit S20E5; Level 0 . 4 (northwest quadrant) of Unit S45E20; and Levels R, S, T, and U in Unit S60E10. As this stratum consisted of a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown clay subsoil, it was barren of cultural materials. Features Fifty three individual archaeological features were recovered in the course of excavation at 18AP51. Of the 53 features recovered, a rough breakdown ran as follows: Architectural -construction -destruction -structural -paved surface Natural -rodents -plants 0 5 8 15 - (28 total) 6 2 - (8 total) Cultural -yard surface 0 -midden/trash/fireplace debris 6 -archaeology 1 -utility - 6 (13 total) Indeterminate -isolated lens 3 -function undet. - 1 (4 total) The following is offered as a visualization of the 53 features recovered, their chronological assignment, and associated cultural materials. Immediately following Table 2 is a feature-by- feature breakdown with more detailed descriptions and interpretive explanations. Table 2. List of Archaeological Features, 22 West Street Backlot (18APSl). Date post-1770 20th c. 20th c. 20th c. 20th c. ca. 1894 e. 20th c. ca. 1978 e. 19th c. (post- 1820) Feature No. 1 2a 2b 3 4 5 6 7 8 Soils 10YR314 dk yw bn sa lo 10YR713 sa 1OYR212 lo 1OYR516 cl 7.5YR strong bn lo sa with 2.5YR 316 mottled rust stains 10YR212 v dk bn sa lo with brick frags 10YR211 charcoal and tar, with mortar 10YR416 sa cl lo under a 10YR314 dk yw bn cl lo with flecks of charcoal, brick, and mortar TY ~e brick pier planting planting clay lens stain brick wall burned charcoal concentration destruction level unmortared brick paving surface underlying the ca. 1894 Feature 5 Artifacts protrudes through top of modem ground surface brick; mortar; and plastic drinking straw plastic none metal; plastic cup lid ironstone; transfer-printed earthenware; milk glass; shell button; wire nails; clear, amber, and green bottle glass oyster shell; shell and plastic buttons; charcoal briquette salt glazed stoneware; overglazed polychrome pearlware; metal sewer pipe whiteware Feature No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 Type concrete pad continuation of Feature 6 unmortared herringbone brick floor cellar hole of faced, mortared ironladen sandstone circular trash midden unmortared brick drain Artifacts corroded iron handle; plaster; corroded nails; plate glass; amber bottle glass; milk glass burned wood; tar paper; window glass; gray exterior-brown interior stoneware; corroded nails creamware corroded nails; oyster shell; white saltglazed stoneware; creamware; window glass; whiteware dk 01 gn glass; animal teeth and bones; glazed redware; white saltglazed stoneware none Date 20th c. e. 20th c. 1. 18th c. (post- 1762) 1. 18th c. (post- 1762) 1. 18th c. 20th c. Soils under a 10YR314 dk yw bn sa lo with brick and mortar fragments 10YR211 black charcoal and tar under a 10YR314 dk bn sa lo under a 10YR416 dk wy bn sa cl 10YR416 sa lo with clay and brick and mortar inclusions under a 10YR314 dk bn sa lo with brick and mortar rubble Artifacts black plastic; shiner; canning lid; string; interiorexterior lead-glazed earthenware; blue transfer printed whiteware; blue t i n t4 tin glazed earthenware; clear and pink plastic brown glazed stoneware sewer P ~ P gray bodied stoneware crock fragments; iron bolts, screws, and washers; poss. brake shoe; aluminum strips; plastic; copper- clad gasket fragment; light bulb fragment; spark plug; copper alloy rivets and washers Soils 10YR414 mottled with 10YR4.6 dk yw bn sa lo 10YR414 mottled with 10YR514 and 10YR513 ashy silt 1OYR211 with 10YR212 v dk bn sa lo with brick flecks Date 1. 20th c. (post 1983) 20th c. e.-m. 20th c. Feature No. 15 16 17 Type remains of Yentsch et al. 1983 test unit pipe trench brick downspout catchment Artifacts brick and mortar rubble; white saltglazed stoneware; redware; blue and white Chinese export porcelain; undecorated and blue-on-white tin-glazed earthenware; handwrought nail; 5/64' kaolin pipestem; animal teeth not removed not removed (noted in sidewall) handpainted whiteware; blue and white Chinese export porcelain; burned stoneware; burned earthenware; mortar; creamware; shell edged pearlware; coal and coal clinker; window glass; dark olive green bottle glass; animal bones; animal teeth flat window glass; whiteware; 1-inch diameter brass ring Feature No. 18 19 20 2 1 22 Type destruction episode [Feature designation was voided; deposit removed as Layer J in S5E15.1 brick wall, poss. a rear addition wall brick partition wall for cellar unmortared disarticu-lated brick paving level pebble matrix associated with sewer pipe trench Date 1. 18th c. 1.18thle.19thc. n.d. e. 19th c. (post- 1820) e. 20th c. Soils 10YR314 sk yw bn sa lo with 7.5YR416 strong bn cl n/a nla nla 10YR313 dk bn sa with 10YR6/3 pale bn sa and cement Artifacts bone tooth brush brick and mortar; oyster shell; bone fragments; window glass; Chinese export porcelain; clear bottle glass; plaster; unidentified refined white earthenware not removed whiteware; window glass; undecorated porcelain mortar; nails; window glass; unglazed coarse earthenware; unidentified porcelain whiteware; green bottle glass fragment semi- porcelain; unidentified nail fragments; plaster; stone Feature No. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Type sewer pipe trench destruction layer brick firebox associated with outbuilding or "office" mortared surface mortar concentration partial unmortared brick surface mortar concentration Date 1. 19thle. 20th c. e.-m. 18th c. 1. 18thIe. 19th c. e. 20th c. e. 19th c. e. 20th c. (?) e. 19th c. Soils 10YR313 dk bn sa with brick, mortar, shell, and charcoal 10YR416 dk yw bn sa cl with brick and mortar n/a 10YR413 dk bn sa mottled with 10 YR6/6 bn and 10YR813 v pale bn mortar ? 10YR3/3 dk bn sa lo 10YR812 pinkish white Soils 10YR414 dk sa lo 5Y 812 pinkish white mortar nla 10YR412 dk gy bn with 10YR311 v dk gY nla nla Date m.-1. 19th c. e. 19th c. 1. 18th-e. 19th c. 1. 18th-or e. 19th c. 1. 18thIe. 19th c. 1. 19thle. 20th c. Feature No. 30 3 1 32 3 3 34 35 Artifacts clear bottle glass; fish scales; brick fragments; oyster shell; coal; mortar fragments copperlbrass button; brick and mortar fragments; animal bones not removed not removed not removed not removed Type repair trench or poss. rodent hole mortar concentration overlying brick paved surface unmortared brick paving surface (bricks laid in E- W alignment) ashlcharcoal concentration brick floor interpreted as floor of hearth area N-S running brick alleyway or paved surface from late 19th c. structure to rear of western half of duplex mortar; concrete, trench for Feat. foundation wall associated with a rear addition or 1.18th c. or e. 10YR313 dk bn sa lo with brick, Artifacts pearlware; animal bone; fish scale; eggshell; mortar; window glass not removed dark olive green bottle glass; egg shell; fish scale scallop shells; leather; pearlware; kaolin pipestem; oyster shell; pressed glass tumbler base; window glass; animal bone; slate; coal; slag; cinder; brick and mortar; corroded nails not removed Soils 10YR416 sk yw bn sa d a 10YR616 bn yw sa nla nla Date 1. 19tWe.20th c. (on basis of its association with Feat. 5) post- "late 18th c." on basis of its association with Feat. 5) pre-1891 to 1897 (on basis of its association with Feat. 5) therefore an e.-m. 19th c. TPQ is reasonable 1. 19th c. 1. 19thIe. 20th c. m.-1. 19th c. Feature No. 40 41 42 43 44 Type rodent run (parallels Feat. 5) incomplete brick partition wall (to either the main structure or one of its rear additions) consisting of roughly two and a half mortared bricks sand layer intruded upon by rodent run (a poss. builder's trench to Feat. 5) brick and mortar concentration underlying brick feat. consisting of 14 headers protruding out into unit; underlies Feat. 38, a possible partition wall Feature No. 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Date e. 19th c. m.4. 18th c. m.-1. 18th c. m.4. 18th c. m.-1. 18th c. m. 18th c. m. 18th c. m.-1. 18th c. Type mortar concentration overlying Feat. 11 rodent run soil stain rodent run rodent run trash deposit (midden?) squarish posthole- looking feature intruded upon by rodent run very thin mortar surface covering entire base of unit Soils nla 10YR416 dk yw bn sa lo 10YR314 dk yw bn sa cl 10YR4/6 dk yw bn sa lo 10YR317 dk yw bn sa lo with clay 7.5YR414 dk bn sa cl 7.5YR414 nla Artifacts nails; brick and mortar fragments; animal bone; window glass; bottle glass fragment tin glazed earthenware white saltglazed stoneware; dark olive green bottle glass corroded metal; oyster shell mortar; animal bone oyster shell mortar fragments; poss. nail; pebbles copper pin head; burned and unburned oyster shell; oyster shell mortar corroded nails; oyster shell; animal bone; charcoal; tin glazed earthenware oyster shell mortar; 3 nails; window glass; animal bone; blue and white Chinese export porcelain; lead glazed red earthenware The following is a more detailed description of each of the 53 features recovered from the site. Included are more detailed itemizations of artifact content per feature as well as descriptions of feature depth and lateral extent. Feature 1 Feature 1 was present in Unit S60E10 and was visible from above the top of the modern ground surface as a square brick feature. Upon surface examination, it was expected that the feature would prove to be some sort of pier or building support for the structure known to have been on-site from the 1770s (Bullock 1969) through the current century. In the course of excavating Unit S60E10, however, this brick feature proved to be far more than a simple pier support. Instead, it was an entire foundation wall, with alternating layers of headers and stretchers. The feature ran downward from the modern ground surface to a depth of 6.5 feet. Sterile subsoil was reached in this unit at a depth of 7 feet below surface or, at its deepest point, 6.82 feet below site datum. Feature 1 was associated with Layers A-T in the above-named unit, and intruded northward from the south wall of the unit 1.2 to 1.9 feet. No other portions of this same wall was recovered in any of the remaining 17 units excavated. (See Appendix D, South Wall Profile, Unit S60E10). Feature No. 53 Feature 2 Feature 2 was a circular area of very light brown sand, with a munsell of 10 YR 713 very light brown sand surrounded by a very dark brown 10 YR 212 sandy loam. Feature 2 was located in Unit S60E10, and was associated with Layer B. This "soft spot" was probably responsible for a depression that directed our attention to this portion of the site. It was hoped that this depression might indicate the presence of a privy, well, or some other major feature. In the course of excavating the feature it was bisected and seen to contain twentieth-century artifacts (e.g., plastic drinking straw, mortar fragments, small brick fragment, and another small piece of plastic). The feature was interpreted as having been a modern planting feature. Soils 10YR314 dk yw bn sa cl lo Feature 3 Feature 3 was a small clay lens, located in the northeast quadrant of Unit S60E10. It had a munsell of 10 YR 5.6 yellow brown clay, and was only 0.08 feet deep. This feature was associated with Layer B--hence its assignment of a twentieth-century TPQ in Table 3, above. No artifacts were recovered, and the feature was subsequently interpreted as a very localized clay lens of no apparent cultural significance. Type plant stain found at base of e.-m. 18th c. layer Artifacts not removed Date e. 18th c. Feature 4 Feature 4 was a semi-circular area of 7.5 YR 416 strong brown loamy sand with a 2.5 YR 316 mottled stains of rust. This feature was recovered in Unit S60E10, where it was associated with Layers B and C. This feature was present just off of the east wall in the southeast quadrant of the unit. Prior to its removal, it was anticipated that this feature was little more than a small lens, therefore it was not though necessary to bisect and profile it. It contained twentieth-century artifacts, including a small piece of metal and a plastic cup lid. Feature 4 was little more than 0.2 feet in thickness. Feature 5 Feature 5 was a brick foundation wall, originally noted in Unit SOE15 where it ran north- south along the unit's east wall. This feature was associated with Layers B and Feature 11 in that same unit. Upon further excavation, it was noted that Feature 5 was located in several of the site's units: forming the east wall of Units N5E15, SOE15, S5E15, and S 10E15; and the west wall of Unit N5E20. Feature 5 was constructed on top of Feature 11, the herringbone brick floor. This foundation wall was interpreted as constituting the rear dividing wall between the two halves of the 20-22 West Street duplex that was not present on the 1891 Sanbom map but was present on-site by the time that the 1897 Sanbom map was produced. Therefore the feature was constructed sometime between the two dates, 1891-1897. See Figure 17 for a plan view of this feature as it appeared in the five units mentioned above. Feature 6 Feature 6 was a dark, burned concentration of charcoal, tar paper, and bit of mortar. The feature appeared in Unit SOE15, where it ran east-west along the south wall of the unit. Its munsell was a 10 YR 211 black layer of charcoal. Artifacts recovered from this feature included oyster shell, a shell button, a plastic button, an unidentified metal fragment, a metal washers, early twentieth-century bottle glass, animal bone, and a charcoal briquette. An early twentieth-century TPQ was assigned in the field. Similar concentrations of charcoal were noted in Unit SOElO within Layers C and D; in Unit S5E15, where it was identified as Feature 10; and in Unit S5E10, within "mega-level" A. Feature 7 Feature 7 was recovered in Unit S60E10, where it was associated with arbitrary Levels 0 and P. This feature was interpreted as a destruction episode dating from the third quarter of the twentieth century--associated with the razing of the brick structure that once occupied this site. Feature 7 is interpreted as having sat in the southwest comer of the structure. Feature 7 sloped downward toward the eastern wall of the unit, from a high in the northwest comer. This destruction episode was also visible in the unit's north wall profile. Corroborating the interpretation of this feature's having been associated with the razing of the structure at 20-22 West Street in the late 1970s, is the fact that it was capped by a substantial fill layer (Layers D, E, F, G, H, I, M, and N in this same unit. Artifacts recovered from this episode included salt glazed stoneware, overglaze porcelain, portions of a metal sewer pipe. Until we are successful in locating textual evidence of the fire and subsequent demolition of the structure, the TPQ assigned to this episode, on the basis of oral testimony, is ca. 1978 (Robert Trescott, personal communication). Feature 8 Feature 8 was an unmortared brick floor, recovered at the base of Level G in Unit SOE15. This feature was seen to underlie, but is not articulated with Feature 5--the rear dividing wall placed to the rear of the duplex house sometime between 1891 and 1897. This brick floor was found in association with Feature 19, a rear wall to either a rear addition or an outbuilding (perhaps even the "office" mentioned in the 1831 Harris-to-Johnson transfer). The soil overlying Feature 8, Level G , had an early nineteenth-century TPQ of post-1820 (on the basis of the recovery of a piece of annular whiteware). This same feature extended to the west into SOElO and to the north in N5E15. Feature 8 contained no diagnostics, only a few bits of brick and mortar fragments in its interstices. Using Level G's TPQ as a TAQ in this instance, we can conservatively state that the Feature probably dated to the early nineteenth century. Feature 9 Feature 9 was a concrete pad with brick patches, occupying the southern third of Unit S5E15. This feature was recovered at the base of Level B, and measured from 0.4 to 0.5 feet in thickness. The feature was divided into 9a (the concrete pad proper) and 9b (an area of broken up or disintegrate concrete to the north and west of 9a). The feature was interpreted as having been associated with the series of garage operations known to have been maintained on the northern most portions of the site since at least the early 1920s. Artifacts recovered from Feature 9 included a corroded iron handle, coal, plaster, window glass, plate glass, amber bottle glass, concrete, milk glass--reaffirming a twentieth-century TPQ. Feature 10 Feature 10 was the continuation of Feature 6 from Unit SOE15 southward into Unit S5E15. This feature was noted as a 10 YR 211 black layer of charcoal and tar paper. It contained burned wood, tar paper, window glass, one piece of gray exteriorJbrown interior stoneware, and corroded nails. This feature was assigned an early twentieth-century TPQ. Feature 11 Feature 11 was perhaps one of the better or more widely represented architectural features recovered from the site. It was first noted at the base of Level H in Unit S5E15, as an unmortared brick floor laid in a herringbone pattern. Its appeared in nine of the 18 units excavated: S5E5, S5E10, S5E15, S10E5, SlOE10, S10E15. Artifacts recovered in the course of dismantling the floor surface in S5E15 included creamware, animal bone, lead-glazed redware, and oyster shell. The soil underlying the herringbone floor was a red clay surface-- probably ideal for receiving an unmortared flooring surface. The bricks appeared very well preserved in this unit. Consequently, they were interpreted as having been an interior flooring surface. This brickwork may either have been a floor to a rear room of the 20-22 West Street duplex or perhaps a separate outbuilding. The size of this structure, at least 15 ft. X 15 ft., located toward the rear of the site, may bode well for its having been a separate outbuilding. If this is the case, the odds appeared good for it having been either the "office" mentioned in the 1831 Harris-@Johnson transfer of Lot 71. The 183 1 date would, in that instance, serve as a TAQ for the feature. More research needs to be done with real estate advertisements in the Maryland Gazette as a means for establishing a tighter date for the feature. See Figure 18 for a plan view of Feature 11 as it appears in the above-named units. Feature 11 was dismantled in only one unit--S5E15 (post-1762 TPQ). Interestingly, the layer underlying Feature 11 in that unit, Layer I, contained dark amber brown bottle glass, interior-glazed coarse red earthenware, dark olive green bottle glass, animal bone, a kaolin pipestem, creamware, lead-glazed red earthenware with stamped design. It too, was assigned a post-1762 TPQ. While this did not constitute conclusive proof for precisely when the building was constructed and what its use was, it did serve as supporting evidence for a late eighteenth- century TPQ for the herringbone brick floor (Feature 11). Feature 12 Feature 12 was noted in the northwest quadrant of S45E20, and was interpreted as a cellar edge constructed from faced and mortared iron-laden sandstone (a.k.a. "bog iron"). The cellar hole would have accompanied the Pinkney-Harris-Johnson house and may well have been the cellar referenced in the 1831 Harris-to-Johnson transfer. Artifacts recovered from this feature included interior-exterior lead glazed coarse earthenware, creamware, white salt glazed stoneware, a 4/64" diameter kaolin pipestem, window glass, copper spring, animal bones, oyster shell fragments, worked wood, and leather fragments. As a result, this feature was a late- eighteenth century TPQ (i.e., post-1762). Feature 13 Feature 13 was a small, roughly circular, 10 YR 416 sandy loam with clay deposit that cut through Feature 11 (the unmortared herringbone brick floor) and bottomed out on Level L in S5E15. Artifacts recovered dated to the mid-to-late eighteenth century and included: dark olive green bottle glass, corroded nails, mortar, plaster, animal bones, animal teeth flat glass, glazed redware, white salt glazed stoneware, interior-exterior lead glazed earthenware, creamware, blue on white Chinese export porcelain, and white salt glazed stoneware. The resulting TPQ was late eighteenth century (post-1762). This feature was interpreted as a small trash midden. Feature 14 Feature 14 was a slightly curved, concave brick feature running out from the southern wall of the unit in N5E20. This feature was recovered at the base of Level A, and appears to be part of a brick drain. This feature consisted of only 9 bricks, each of which measured 8-318" X 4-118" X 2." The feature was interpreted as part of a twentieth-century brick drain. No artifacts were recovered in association with the feature; however artifacts recovered from the underlying Level B dated to the early twentieth century (on the basis of assorted bolts and washers). Feature 15 Feature 15 was a 10 YR 414 mottled with a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam with brick fragments. The feature appeared as a slight discoloration in the northeast portion of Unit N5E20. Sticking out from just below the northeast corner balk was some black plastic which in turn was seen to overlie some mortar. The mortar was removed prior to excavating Feature 15. Recovered from Feature 15 was some string, a canning lid (used to stake in corners of units on many archaeology projects), and a nail--evidence of a Yentsch et al. 1983 test unit. Feature 15 was interpreted as an unexcavated or backfilled unit. It was removed in arbitrary 0.5 ft. intervals as it was a chronological mixture of materials. This feature was recovered at the base of Layer A in Unit N5E20, and measured about 0.6 feet in depth. Artifacts recovered included: black plastic, interior-exterior lead glazed earthenware, blue transfer print whiteware, clear and pink plastic, string, shiner. Feature 15 was assigned a late twentieth-century TPQ as it is either (1) an unexcavated Yentsch et al 1983 test unit that represented a chronological mixture of materials or (2) a backfilled Yentsch et al. 1983 unit. Feature 16 Feature 16 was a 10 YR 414 dark yellow brown (mottled with a 514 yellow brown and 10 YR 513 brown) ashy silt. It served as a pipe trench for a stoneware sewer pipe running north-south through Unit N5E20. This feature was associated with Layer B in this unit. Artifacts recovered from the feature included: a brown glazed stoneware sewer pipe, unidentified porcelain, 4/64" kaolin pipestem, unidentified nail fragments, animal bones, plaster and mortar fragments, brick fragments, slag, and wood fragments. This feature was assigned a twentieth- century TPQ. Feature 17 Feature 17 was a square brick feature abutting the east wall of Unit N5E20, consisting of two parts: Feature 17a was an interior soil matrix consisting of a 10 YR 211 black mottled with a 10 YR 212 (very dark brown) sandy loam with brick flecks and Feature 17b was the recovered three side of brickwork surrounding the very dark brown-to-black sandy loam. The feature is likely to have extended eastward through the east wall of the unit, therefore, the portions of it manifested in N5E20 is the western most extent. Numerous artifacts were recovered from the interior (i.e., 1%) portion of the feature. These included portions of a gray bodied stoneware crock; iron bolts, screws, washers, and nuts; a possible brake shoe; aluminum strips; plastic; a fragment of a copper-clad gasket; a light bulb fragment; spark plug; copper alloy rivets and washers; and what may have been a portion of an automobile valve stem. The configuration of Features 17a and 1% were such that they very much resembled a brick catchment box for a downspout. The heavy incidence of washers, nuts, bolts, and various and sundry car parts spoke to the use of the rear yard area for automotivelgarage purposes from the 1920s well into the current century. Feature 17 was assigned an early-to-mid twentieth century WQ. Feature 18 Feature 18 was initially thought to have possibly been a brick and mortar rubble-filled builder's trench noted running along the north wall of Unit S5E15. This deposit was associated with the base of Feature 11 (the late eighteenth-century herringbone brick floor) and the top of Layer I in S5E15. In the course of cleaning the unit to determine the relationship between this apparent feature and the surrounding Layer I, however, it became apparent that this was the tip of the soil layer underlaying I. For this reasons, designation of the deposit as Feature 18 was discontinued or voided, and the deposit was removed as Layer J. Feature 19 Feature 19 was an unmortared brick wall, presumably a rear wall to the outbuilding or "office" structure. This brickwork extended east-west along the south wall of Unit SOE15. This feature was first noted at the base of Layer G in that unit. Feature 19 extended outward from the south wall of the unit, but was not removed in the course of excavation as it provided a certain amount of stability to the southern wall of the unit and would better be retrieved and interpreted in the course of excavation of the unit located five feet to the south, Unit S5E15. In arriving at a rough date for this feature, we used the TPQ assigned to the overlying Layer G as a TAQ for this feature. As a result, Feature 19 was assigned an approximate late eighteenthlearly nineteenth-century TPQ. Feature 20 Feature 20 consisted of three courses of brickwork, located in the west wall profile of Unit S60E10. The feature was noted in the course of shaving down the wall for final profiling-- thus it was brickwork that actually manifested itself one unit to the west, had there been one. The feature was not removed as, noted above, it was not part of the S60E10 excavation unit. It did, however, serve to corroborate the interpretation this unit as representing the southwest corner of the ca. 1770 structure that later served as a duplex and boardinghouse. Feature 21 Feature 21 was an unmortared brick paving level associated with Feature 25 (discussed below) in Units SOElO and SOE15. This paving surface was noted at an average depth of 1.86 feet below site datum. This feature was overlain by a 10 YR 314 dark brown sandy loam (Layer K). and appeared to surround a fireplace or hearth area, Feature 25, noted in SOE10. Feature 21 was not removed in SOE10; however, it was excavatedldismantled one unit to the east in SOE15. Feature 21 in SOE15 contained a variety of materials, including: creamware, pearlware, and handpainted whiteware. Consequently, an early nineteenth-century TPQ was assigned (post- 1820). Feature 22 Feature 22 was a pebble matrix located along the west side of Unit N5E20, immediately abutting Feature 5. This feature was interpreted as the decayed remains of a portland cement surface that may either have served to cap the sewer pipe head or as part of one of the many paved cement surfaces toward the rear of the lot since the early twentieth century. Artifacts recovered included whiteware, flat window glass, a 1-inch diameter brass ring. This feature was assigned an early twentieth-century TPQ. Feature 23 Feature 23 was a utility pipe trench located in Units N5E20 and N5E15. Features 16 (another sewer pipe trench) and 23 are parts of the same component (i.e., Feature 23 was interpreted as the western most extent of Feature 16). Feature 23 was first encountered in N5E2O as a 10 YR 413 dark brown sand containing crushed shell. The feature was bisected as 23a (the western half) and 23b. Feature 23 appeared in N5E15 as a 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam with a high concentration of oyster shell, brick, charcoal, and mortar at the base of Layer C in N5E15. The feature was bisected in N5E15, with 23c as the west half and 23d as the east half. Feature 23 intruded through Feature 5 (the 1891-1897 brick wall) Feature 8 (a brick floor underlying Feature 5), and Feature 30 (a repair trench for Feature 5). Feature 23 contained interior-exterior lead glazed earthenware, undecorated pearlware, green edge-decorated pearlware, soft paste porcelain, mortar, clinker, brick fragments, blue transferprinted whiteware, gold overglaze handpainted whiteware, kaolin pipe bowl fragment, and a copper possible electrical terminal . This feature was assigned a late nineteenth centurylearly twentieth century TPQ. Feature 24 Feature 24 was a concentration of brick fragments, mortar, and oyster shell encountered in the southeastern corner of Unit S5E15. The feature was noted at the base of Layer K, and bore a munsell of 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy clay. The feature was in excess of 0.5 ft. in depth. After removing the first half-foot interval (which was subsequently renamed 24a), the remaining part was identified and continued as Feature 24b. This feature was interpreted as a pipe trench for a cast iron pipe located in the southeast corner of the unit, at a depth of 3.03-3.60 feet below site datum. Feature 24 was only partially exposed within the bounds of Unit S5E15. The remaining portions were left underlying unexposed areas of the site. Artifacts recovered included blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain, corroded iron nails, plaster fragments, mortar fragments, brick fragments, animal bones, and oyster shell. Taking these materials into account, as well as the fact that the overlying Layer K was -assigned a mid- eighteenth century TPQ (based on the presence of molded white saltglazed stoneware, post- 1740), Feature 24 was assigned an early to mid-eighteenth century TPQ. Feature 25 Feature 25 was a mortared brick feature noted at the base of Layer F in SOElO and at the base of mega-level A (removed by backhoe) in SOE5. This feature appears to be a continuation of Feature 19 on S5E10, and was assigned a separate feature number so as to underscore its separate function as firebox or chimney area and the adjacent brick wall or structural foundation (Feature 19). The feature is interpreted as the chimney foundation or hearth area for a rear fireplace in the outbuilding or "office" structure noted in references in the land records from the 1770s onward. This structure had been destroyed by the mid-to-late nineteenth century, as it does not appear on any of the Sanborn Fire Insurance maps. Feature 25 was not dismantled, but it was noted with interest that Feature 19, an adjacent portion of this same structure, had been assigned a late eighteenthlearly nineteenth century TPQ. This feature was recovered at a depth of 1.30 feet below site datum. This feature was not removed, so assigning a tentative TPQ is dependent upon the presence of diagnostics in the overlying Layer F, which included: creamware, whiteware, ironstone, plaster and mortar fragments, 5/64" kaolin pipestem, and one piece of possible yellow ware (i.e., a post-1827 TPQ). Therefore, it is entirely likely that this chimney or firebox was in place by the early nineteenth century (if not earlier). Feature 26 Feature 26 was a 10 YR 413 dark brown sand containing lots of mortar, located in the south central and southwestern portions of Unit N5E20. Feature 26 was located at a depth of 1.00-1.18 feet below site datum, with a mean thickness of 0.18 feet. Artifacts recovered included a buff bodied, brown glazed coarse earthenware; creamware; whiteware; and flat window glass. The feature was overlain by Feature 22 and Layer B; consequently it was assigned an early twentieth century TPQ. Feature 27 Feature 27 was a mortar stain noted along the north wall of Unit SOElO at the base of Layer G. The feature bottomed out on Feature 8 (an early nineteenth-century brick paving surface). Artifacts recovered from Feature 27 included unglazed coarse earthenware, an unidentifiedlundistinguished piece of porcelain, flat window glass--nothing of any particularly diagnostic assistance. As a conservative estimate, it was assigned an early nineteenth century TPQ as it underlied Layer G (post-1 813) and overlied Feature 8 (early nineteenth century). Feature 28 Feature 28 was an unmortared brick paving surface located below Feature 26 (an early twentieth century feature) in Unit N5E2O. This feature was present only under the western most portion of Feature 26. This feature is about one brick thick and is laid in no discernible pattern or orientation. The soil between the brickwork was a 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam. Artifacts recovered included undecorated pearlware, unidentifiablelindistinguishable porcelain, corroded unidentifiable nail fragments, animal bones, and unidentifiable iron fragments--all of which would seem to indicate a late eighteenth century (post-1780) TPQ. This feature overlied Level C, a mid to late nineteenth century level, therefore the pearlware discarded in Feature 28 must have been in service for better than half a century prior to its entering the archaeological record. Using the overlying and underlying materials to more tightly bracket Feature 28, it was tentatively assigned a late nineteenth century TPQ. Feature 29 Feature 29 was a 5 Y 812 pinkish white mortar concentration located at the base of Layer H in the western portion of Unit SOE10. This feature was located at a depth of 1.69-1.73 feet below site datum. Artifacts recovered included one fragment of semi-porcelain, unidentified nail fragments, a small piece of plaster, a stone, a brick fragment, and animal bones--no diagnostics. This feature bottomed out on yet another brick feature, Feature 34. Feature 29 was inadvertently reassigned a second feature number in the course of excavation: Feature 31. The site summaries and various paperwork include cross-listings for the two feature assignments. The TPQ assigned this feature was an early nineteenth century one on the basis of the fact that the overlying soil layer (Layer H) had been assigned the same TPQ. Feature 30 Feature 30 was a 10 YR 414 dark yellowish brown sandy loam, noted at the base of Layer D in Unit N5E15. This feature was a relatively thick, 0.27 foot thick, strip running north-south along the western edge of Feature 5. Feature 30 was interpreted as a repair trench that was most likely associated with the placement of the sewer pipe through the brick foundation wall (i.e., Feature 5). Artifacts recovered include mortar found in association with oyster shell, charcoal, corroded metal, fish scales, and unspecified clear bottle glass. In the absence of clearly datable diagnostics, we should note that this feature was encountered at the base of a late nineteenth century soil layer. We may conservatively place it to within the span of mid to late nineteenth century TPQ. Feature 31 Feature 31 was inadvertently assigned to a feature that had already been assigned (see Feature 29 above) to a 5 Y 812 pinkish white mortar concentration located at the base of Layer H in the western part of Unit SOE10. The notes and other forms of documentation for the deposit are cross-listed in the paperwork. This feature was assigned an early nineteenth century TPQ. Feature 32 Feature 32 was located at the base of Feature 21 in Unit SOE15, at a depth of 1.97 feet below site datum. This feature was an unmortared brick paving surface, and was largely intact in the southern half of the unit. Feature 32 was laid in east-west running lines or courses, with a very small diagonal section in the northwest quadrant of the unit. The feature was not removed; however, the overlying feature had been assigned an early nineteenth century TPQ of post-1820. It would therefore appear likely that Feature 32 dates at least from that same time, if not slightly earlier (i. e., late eighteenth century). Feature 33 Feature 33 was a lOYR 412 dark grayish brown mixed with a 10 YR 311 very dark gray ash and charcoal concentration. The feature appeared at the base of Layer H along the interior wall of Feature 25 in Unit SOE10, at a depth of 1.72 feet below site datum. The feature surrounded Feature 34 (brick hearth floor) and continued under Feature 31 in the southeast corner of the unit. Feature 33 was interpreted as a poorly preserved continuation of hearth residue. The feature was left in situ, therefore no artifacts were recovered with which to date it. The overlying Layer H, however, had been assigned an early nineteenth century TPQ (based on the presence of handpainted whiteware). Feature 34 Feature 34 was a brick floor that appeared at the base of Feature 31 (a mortar concentration) in Unit SOE5. In addition, Feature 34 was surrounded by Feature 33 (the ash and charcoal concentration, above) and may have undercut Feature 33 in portions of the unit. Feature 34 was interpreted as the floor of the fireplace hearth, and was encountered at a depth of 1.77 and 1.70 feet below site datum in Units SOB and SOE10, respectively. This feature was located in the southeastern most portion of Unit SOE10, where it was surrounded by a poorly preserved smear of charcoal and ash (Feature 33 above). On the basis of surrounding evidence, Feature 34 is interpreted as fitting in with the late eighteenth century date assigned this brick structure, with evidence of use pushing it into the early nineteenth century. Since this feature was not dismantled, however, this is a tentative assignment. Feature 35 Feature 35 was encountered at the base of mega-level A (removed by backhoe), and was a north-south running brick foundation or alleyway forming the western boundary of Units S 10E5, S 15E5, and S20E5. Cartographic evidence (i.e., Sanborn Fire Insurance maps) indicated that this brickwork might well have been a associated with a rear addition to the duplex in use on-site by 1885. As this brickwork lay outside the bounds of the immediate excavation area, it was not further investigated. However, it was thought to have been either a late nineteenth or very early twentieth century alleyway or brick paving surface for a structure located in that relative spot by the mid-1880s. Feature 36 Feature 36 was encountered in Unit SlOE10, as a burned brick and charcoal deposit along the north wall of the unit, at a depth of 1.15 feet below site datum. The feature was a relatively amorphous destruction layer that extended northward into S5E10, where it was removed by backhoe and eastward into S10E15 where it was also removed by backhoe. This feature was interpreted as the result of destruction of a brick feature to the rear of the lot--probably a modification made in the rear of the lot in the twentieth century. Artifacts recovered included gray bodied stoneware, gold overglaze porcelain, clear and aqua colored bottle glass, and an iron machine screw fragment. Feature 37 Feature 37 was encountered at the Base of Layer B, running north-south along the eastern wall of Unit S15E15. This feature had a munsell of 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy loan, and it was hoped that this feature would prove to be a builder's trench that might more tightly date the Feature 5 foundation immediately to its east. In the course of excavation one unit to the north in S10E15; however, it became apparent that there was a rather significant rodent run that paralleled the Feature 5 wall. Artifacts recovered from this feature included flat window glass, corroded nails, 1.6 inch pieces of iron, small brick fragments, many animal bones, eggshell fragments, wood, coal clinker, and a plastic button. Feature 38 Feature 38 was a brick foundation wall running east-west along the southern wall of Unit S20E5. It was exposed in the course of removing Layer B in this unit, a mid to late eighteenth century deposit containing interior-exterior lead glazed earthenware, white glazed tin glazed earthenware, creamware, pearlware, whiteware, gray bodied stoneware with incised decoration, white saltglazed stoneware, chinese blue-on-white porcelain, light green and brown bottle glass, eggshell fragments, a .22-calibre brass shell casing, copper wire, as well as the one piece of lead printer's type recovered from the site. Feature 38 was encountered at a mean depth below site datum of 1.7 feet. While it was not excavated, it was noted to have been interrupted by Feature 35 (the possible early twentieth century alleyway or late nineteenth century brick flooring for a rear outbuilding) indicated that Feature 38 predated Feature 35. Based on its association with Layer B, it is likely that Feature 38 is significantly earlier than Feature 35. Feature 39 Feature 39 was a localized 10 YR 313 dark brown sandy loam, containing brick, mortar, and charcoal inclusions. This deposit was present midway along the western wall of Unit SlOE10, at a depth of 1.55 feet below site datum, and graded into the surrounding Layer B matrix. In the course of removing this feature, its edges quickly blended into the surrounding Layer B. As a result the separate feature status was discontinued and cultural materials recovered from this deposit were bagged with those from Layer B. Feature 39 was interpreted as a minor, discrete filling episode, possibly the dumping of charcoal and burned materials from a charcoal stove or fireplace. On the basis of its association with Layer B, and Feature 11 (the late eighteenth century herringbone brick floor), this feature was interpreted as dating from roughly the same period (i.e., the late eighteenth century or, possibly, the early nineteenth century). Materials recovered from Layer B in SlOElO included a copper alloy state seal labelled "MARYLAND;" nails, plaster, and brick fragments; slate; eggshell fragments; animal bones; organics; and oyster shell. Feature 40 Feature 40 was a rodent run, paralleling Feature 5 in a north-south direction in the eastern part of Unit S10E15 at a depth of 1.54 feet below site datum. This feature was encountered at the base of Layer B, and was associated with Features 5, 1 1, and 4 1, as well as having cut through a yellow sand layer later designated as Feature 42 (a possible builder's trench). Feature 40 had a munsell of 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam, and was subsequently interpreted as a northern continuation of Feature 37, encountered in Unit S15E15 (see above). Materials recovered from Feature 40 included undecorated pearlware, flat window glass, corroded iron nail fragments, many eggshell fragments, mussel shells, and mortar. While the presence of pearlware lended itself to a late eighteenth century (i.e., post-1780) TPQ, the fact that this feature was a rodent run paralleling a late nineteenth century feature lended itself to the assignment of a late nineteenthlearly twentieth century TPQ. Feature 41 Feature 41 was a brick doorway located in the southeast comer of Unit S10E15. The feature consisted of roughly two and a half mortared bricks that appeared to be an incomplete parbtion wall. A watchful eye was kept for any similar manifestations along the south walls of all units along the S10 line--above the surface of Feature 11 (the herringbone brick floor). This feature is associated with Features 5, 11, 40, and 42, and was encountered in the course of removing Layer B. It was hoped that a diagnostic would be recovered between this feature and the underlying Feature 1 1. Feature 41 was interpreted as a doorway in a rear addition to the major structure occupying the lot from the late eighteenth century throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries. It was not interpreted as part of the separate outbuilding or office of which Feature 11 was the floor surface. Feature 41 was not removed, therefore no artifacts were recovered with which to date it. We were interested to note that it did not appear in the north wall one unit to the south, in Unit S15E15. As this feature was overlain by Feature 5, we were able to use that features ca. 1891- 1897 construction date as a TAQ for construction of the Feature 41 wall at some point prior to the late nineteenth century. Feature 41 overlied Feature 11 (the late eighteenth century herringbone brick floor), so that date served as an opening bracketing date. As a result, the TPQ assigned to Feature 41 would lie well within the realm of the early to mid nineteenth century. Feature 42 Feature 42 appeared as a 10 YR 616 brownish yellow sand layer located immediately west of Feature 40 (rodent burrow) in Unit S10E15. This feature was located below Layer B and to the east of Layer C. Feature 42 was interpreted as a possible builder's trench for Feature 5 (a late nineteenth century foundation wall). Also associated with Feature 40 is a possible brick partition wall consisting of about two and a half bricks jutting out from Feature 5 in the southeast quadrant of the unit. Artifacts recovered from Feature 42 included dark olive green wine bottle fragments, unidentified corroded nails, animal bones, fish scale, and shell fragments. Unfortunately, no tightly datable diagnostics were recovered. Therefore the date for Feature 5 was still largely determined on the basis of cartographic evidence. Feature 43 Feature 43 was a brick and mortar concentration, that contained a great number of oyster shells, located in the eastern half of Unit S15E5. This feature ran in a north-south direction in the eastern half of the unit, and was associated with (i.e., both adjacent to and undercut by) Layer B. Cultural materials recovered from this feature included oyster shell fragments, corroded nail fragments, animal bones, mortar, plaster, unidentified leather fragments, clinker, worked wood, slag, flat window glass, body and bottle base fragments of amber machine made bottle glass, white glazed tin glazed earthenware, undecorated whiteware, white saltglazed stoneware, and 5/64" kaolin pipestem fragments. As a result, this feature was assigned a late nineteenthlearly twentieth century TPQ. A mortar lens noted one unit to the south, in S20E5, which was not given feature status, was seen in retrospect to be the southern most extent of Feature 43. Likewise, a similar mortar concentration was removed from S 10E5, one unit to the north, where it was taken out as part of Layer B. Field notes from both units indicate that the mortar was oyster shell mortar. Feature 44 Feature 44 was a brick feature consisting of 14 headers protruding northward into Unit S20E5 from its south wall. These 14 bricks underlied Feature 38, a possible partition wall. In the eastern portion of S20E5, Feature 44 was noted to have underlain Feature 35. Feature 44 was located at a mean depth of 1.99 feet below site datum. Because it protruded into the unit from its southern side wall, it was not removed. Architectural associations with Features 35 and 38; however, were useful in arriving at a rough date for Feature 44. On the basis of the architectural associations, Feature 44 was assigned a mid to late nineteenth century TPQ. Feature 45 Feature 45 was a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy loam mixed with a high concentration of mortar that overlied Feature 11 (herringbone brick floor) in Unit S 15E10. This feature was encountered at a depth of 1.66 feet below site datum, and included unidentifiable corroded nails, plaster, brick fragment, animal bone--no diagnostics; however it was noted to cap the late eighteenth century Feature 11. In addition, Feature 45 was associated with Layer C (contained whiteware, therefore assigned a post-1820 TPQ). As a result, Feature 45 was assigned a working TPQ of early nineteenth century date. A similar mortar concentration, identified as Feature 43, was noted in SlOE5--one unit to the north of S20E5. Feature 46 Feature 46 was an amorphous, 10 YR 416 dark brown sandy loam soil stain that contained shell, mortar, and large pieces of charcoal across its surface. This feature was first encountered in Unit S20E5 at the base of Layer E (a mid eighteenth century layer containing, among other things, post-1744 scratch-blue white saltglazed stoneware as well as 4/64" and 5/64" kaolin pipestems). Feature 46 was encountered at a depth of 2.69 feet below site datum, and was thought to have been associated with Feature 47 (below). Subsequent excavation supported this initial impression: in the course of removing Features 46, 47, 48, and 49 they were discovered to have constituted a rodent burrow complex in the southern half of S20E5. Cultural materials recovered from Feature 46 included interior glazed red bodied coarse earthenware, unidentified corroded nail fragments, plaster fragments, brick fragments, animal bones, and charcoal--no diagnostics. This feature intruded upon a mid eighteenth century layer, and was consequently interpreted as having dated from at least the mid to late eighteenth century. Feature 47 Feature 47 was a small round 10 YR 416 dark yellowish brown sandy loam soil stain that appeared in the east wall of the southeast quadrant of S20E5. This feature was only partially exposed in S20E5, and it was thought likely to have continued under the unexcavated soils of S20E10, to the west. The feature was interpreted as having been part of a rodent burrow complex that consisted of Features 46, 47, 48, and 49--all located within the southern half of Unit S20E5. Artifacts recovered from Feature 47 included animal bones, oyster shell fragments, plaster, dark olive green round bottle fragments, and white saltglazed stoneware. On the basis of this feature's association with Layer E (containing scratch blue white saltglazed stoneware); however, the TPQ assigned was pushed forward from a post-1720 to a post-1744, mid to late eighteenth century designation. Feature 48 Feature 48 was originally thought to possibly have been a small planting feature; however subsequent excavation revealed it to be part of a rodent burrow complex consisting of Features 46, 47, 48, and 49 in Unit S20E5. Cultural materials recovered from Feature 48 contained no diagnostics (i.e., only unidentified corroded nails, plaster fragments, brick fragments, animal bones, shell fragments, charcoal, one piece flat window glass, and clear curved unidentified glass. On the basis of its association with Features 46, 47, 48 and Layer E, a mid to late eighteenth century TPQ was assigned to this feature. Feature 49 Feature 49 was yet another dark soil stain (10 YR 316 dark yellowish brown sandy loam with clay inclusions) that formed part of the rodent burrow complex in Unit S20E5. Artifacts recovered in the course of its excavation included flat window glass, plaster fragments, animal bone, and pebbles. As with the other portions of this complex not containing diagnostics, a working TPQ was assigned this feature on the basis of its association with Features 46, 47, 48, and Layer E (a mid eighteenth century, post-1744, layer). Feature 49 was provisionally assigned a mid to late eighteenth century TPQ. Feature 50 Feature 50 was a 7.5 YR 414 dark brown sandy clay with bits of mortar, located at the base of Layer G in the northeast comer of Unit S20E5. This feature was noted at 3.45 feet below site datum, and was cut down into the clay subsoil. Artifacts recovered in the course of removing Feature 50 included only plaster fragments, brick fragments, numerous pebbles, and oyster shell fragments--no diagnostics whatsoever. The soil layer that overlied Feature 50, Layer G, contained unglazed and interior lead glazed coarse earthenwares, a small fragment of an undecorated kaolin pipe bowl, 4164" kaolin pipestem, unidentified corroded nail fragments, brick fragments, animal bone, oyster shell fragments, and charcoal fragments--likewise, very little in the way of diagnostics. Feature 50 was interpreted as a small trash deposit or midden cult down into the underlying subsoil, and a tentative mid eighteenth century TPQ was offered for Feature 50 on the basis of its relationship to overlying Layers E, F, and G . Feature 51 Feature 51 was a squarish shaped postmold-like feature intruded upon by the rodent burrow complex (Features 46, 47, 48, and 49) in Unit S20E5. This feature was encountered at a mean depth of 4.21 feet below site datum, and its munsell was a 7.5 YR 414 dark brown sandy clay mottled with a 10 YR 416 dark yellow brown sandy clay. This feature was bisected: 5 la was the eastern half and 5 1b was the western half. Artifacts recovered from Feature 51 did not include diagnostics, so the working TPQ assigned to this feature was, as above, based on its relationship to overlying Layers E, F, and G . This mid eighteenth century feature may well have been a part of the rodent burrow complex or, it may have served some as-yet undetermined purpose. Future analysis of materials from the site will be directed to more tightly establishing functions and TPQ's for features recovered. Feature 52 Feature 52 was a very thin mortar layer spread across the entire base of Unit S15E10 at the base of Layer H. In a very few localized areas, a dark brown soil was visible through the mortar. Feature 52 was, in turn, capped by a mid eighteenth century brick and mortar destruction layer. Artifacts recovered from Feature 52 included blue-on-white Chinese export porcelain, flat window glass, plaster fragments, mortar fragments, unidentified corroded nail fragments, a lead glazed red bodied earthenware sherd, unidentified clear glass, animal bones, shell fragment, and one piece charcoal. Feature 52 was interpreted as a mortar surface capping a mid eighteenth century yard surface, Layer I (1's TPQ was post-1740). A tentative TPQ offered for Feature 52, despite its lack of diagnostic artifacts, was a mid to late eighteenth century designation on the basis of its association with Layer I. Feature 53 Feature 53 was a 10 YR 314 dark yellow brown sandy clay loam depression located in the northeast corner of Unit S15E10. This feature was encountered at a mean elevation of 3.41 feet below site datum, at the base of Layer J. This feature was interpreted as a possible planting stain. This feature was not removed as it was thought to be a natural feature, devoid of cultural materials and attention was needed elsewhere. The overlying soil layer, Layer J, contained a sewer pipe fragment as well as molded white saltglazed stoneware (post-1720). A tentative assignment of an early eighteenth century TPQ was assigned the unexcavated Feature 53. Data Analysis Data analysis for ceramic, glass, faunal, and other material culture from the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51) are currently ongoing. Laboratory processing consisting of washing, labelling, cataloguing, and computer entry of catalog data have been completed--as has cross- mending and the assessment of a minimum vessel count. Faunal materials are slated for analysis by a zooarchaeologist within the next several months and it is expected that a vessel count for the assemblage's glasswares will be performed shortly thereafter. The discussion to follow primarily addresses the laboratory methods utilized in processing the bulk of the assemblage. General artifact breakdown, by Feature and Strata, are provided in the preceding section, and provided crucial dating evidence for the interpretation and grouping of features and soil strata encountered at the site. Laboratory Methods Artifacts from the 22 West Street Backlot were transferred daily to a laboratory maintained by Historic Annapolis Foundation and Archaeology in Annapolis, located at 77 Main Street. Prior to delivery, packing sheets were prepared for record keeping and to ensure that all bag assignments were correct (i.e., that each individual bag had been assigned a bag number and that all provenience information had been correctly entered on said bag). Initial processing was performed by local community volunteers under the direction of S. Elizabeth Ford. These volunteers cleaned, labelled, and catalogued the excavated materials. Ceramics, glass, bone, and other stable artifacts were washed. Metals and other delicate objects were dry-brushed. Materials in need of conservation were also identified at this time. Once cleaned, artifacts were placed on a drying rack. When dry, they were then removed from the rack, sorted by material type, and placed in sealable plastic bags. Each bag contained the materials' provenience information, including site name and number, unit designation, soil level and/or feature assignment, as appropriate. This same provenience information was affixed to the artifacts themselves: the ceramics, household glass, bone, and other diagnostic materials. Tags with provenience information were prepared to accompany items such as buttons and other diagnostics that, because of their size, did not readily lend themselves to labelling. Artifacts were catalogued for entry into the Archaeology in Annapolis database, Adam, which is an adaptation of dBase III Plus. During identification, the type of artifact, any relevant decorative features as well as manufacturing technique were incorporated into a six-digit mastercode. (These are the codes that appear in the artifact inventory appended to this report.) The assignment of these mastercodes assures that standardized archaeological and project-specific terminology is used throughout the course of our work in Annapolis. The computer then translated this code into a written description that is included on all printouts. Other attributes, such as form, quantity, and color, were also recorded on the catalog sheet. Data were entered into a computer, printed out, and proof-read against the original catalog sheets. While this is a time consuming process, to be sure, it served to ensure the integrity of the data as well as the subsequent assignments and interpretations. Once all artifacts from the site were entered, errors corrected, and a corrected printout generated, final assignments of tenninipost quem were made for each layerllevel and each level of each feature. In several instances, artifact identifications were reverified so as to ensure the accurate assignment of TPQs. Deposits that exhibited archaeological integrity (i.e., minimal evidence of disturbance) were then selected for cross-mending. The cross-mending process was initiated by spreading out all the ceramics, unit by unit, and them attempting to mend the pieces on a level-by-level basis. Then mends were made across levels. When it was determined that all possible mends had been made within a given unit, the ceramics were put aside and the procedure was repeated for each of the remaining units. After all units had undergone an initial sorting and mending process, the ceramics were then further sorted by type, and a cross-site mending phase was initiated. Mending continued until all possible cross-mends had been achieved. Vessel numbers were then assigned and provenience data for the various mends were recorded. Assignment of vessel numbers was based on the presence of vessel base fragments, and unique pieces were also assigned a vessel number. This information then became an integral part of the stratigraphic analysis, and will form the basis for future materials analysis as well. Upon completion of processing and initial analysis, all artifacts were packaged for storage at the Historic Annapolis Foundation storage facility located in Crownsville, Maryland. Artifacts were boxed in numerical sequence by bag number assignment. The cross-mended ceramic vessels were not reintegrated into this part of the collection. Instead, these materials were packed by vessel type and are currently in storage at the Archaeology in Annapolis Laboratory located in Woods Hall at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. These artifactual materials as well as field notes and supporting documentation are available, with adequate notice, for consultation by researchers and interested scholars. The artifacts remain the property of Historic Annapolis Foundation, and may be loaned for purposes of display. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH RESULTS Overview and Gott's Court Comparison Large-scale archaeological salvage operations at the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51) resulted in the excavation of 18 5 X 5 foot units, the recovery of 53 buried features, the reconstruction of 15 discrete soil strata spanning the period 1720-1989, and a minimum of 182 separate vessels in the site's ceramic assemblage (see Appendix B for specifics of this last statistic). One of the guiding interests in investigating this site was to provide a glimpse into the archaeological integrity of lots on the interior portion of the block bounded by Calvert, West, and Northwest Streets (especially the areas adjacent to or directly abutting the historic neighborhood known as Gott's Court). The combined efforts of small-scale sampling and large- scale archaeological recovery at Gott's Court (18AP52) indicated the presence of two major components--one dating to the early eighteenth century, and the other comprised of the early twentieth century workers' housing carrying the name Gott's Court (Goodwin et al. 1993; Warner 1992). In retrospect, the 22 West Street BacMot did not contribute to an understanding of the second, more modern, component at Gott's Court. Fortunately, we can offer some general points of comparison between the two sites. Evidence has been recovered from the 22 West Street backlot to attest to the presence of an unidentified person of some means by the early eighteenth century. This does not articulate; however, with the Gott's Court eighteenth-century occupation. As the lot history for 22 West Street attests, that lot saw lower middle class uses by the onset of the nineteenth century. Moving forward, one observes the presence of members of the top wealth group during the eighteenth century with a gradual slide down the economic scale into the nineteenth century. The nineteenth-century occupation of the West Street site was predicated almost solely on rental, mixed commercial and support service use, rooming house use, and a steady decline into disuse and decay. Moreover, the bulk of the twentieth-century occupation at 22 West Street was a duplex residence with business enterprises constructed in the "front yards" so as to maximize frontage along West Street. The archaeological deposits uncovered, as well as the evidence for increasingly dense occupation of the 22 West Street backlot over the course of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, serve as a fair measure of the presence of occupants of decreasingly prosperous wealth groups. It is unlikely, in contrast, that the Gott's Court site, was a "prestige address." While land use at 22 West Street appears to have been a continuous expansion of organic growth, the occupations at Gott's Court were manifest as rebuilding episodes, culminating in the three-phase construction of the frame houses occurring between 1907-1908 (Warner 1992:lO). And finally, whereas the Gott's Court houses were bound together as an African American neighborhood for the better part of a half-century, the 22 West Street occupation for the same time period bore no such common bond, since for much of this period it simply served as two divided households on an increasingly densely occupied lot. Responses to Additional Research Questions Archaeological investigation of 22 West Street (18AP51) was initiated to address several additional research questions. Each of these is addressed, in turn, below. Does the site possess below-ground archaeological integrity? Strata reconstruction and feature descriptions and interpretation attest to the fact that the site contained archaeological integrity despite the fact that it had undergone four major twentieth century construction and/or demolition episodes. Is there evidence of prehistoric occupation? While it was not anticipated that evidence of prehistoric occupation of the area would be recovered, excavators were mindful of indications of prehistoric occupation of the project area. None was recovered, as the complete artifact inventory (Appendix C) will attest. Will buried resources clarzfi the early lot history? Results of excavation have posed as many questions as they have answered, and additional archival work needs to be conducted before specific deposits can be associated with specific early eighteenth-century household configurations. Tangible evidence for early eighteenth-century occupation onsite was gathered in the course of these excavations, indicating that the lot was initially mupied within the first two decades of the eighteenth century and that a substantial brick residence was constructed on the lot by the end of that century. What below-ground evidence survives to document early craft production in this part of town? No clear evidence of early craft production was recovered from the site. One piece of lead printer's type, common in fill deposits on sites across the city, was recovered in the course of the current investigation. The piece recovered had probably not seen use onsite. Little evidence of early craft production was found, but the potential for it in this part of the city still remains relatively high based on archival sources and such presence must be determined on a site-by-site basis. What sort of below-ground evidence survives to document domestic occupation of the site, and how has the relationship between home and workplace changed or been nwd@ed over the use-life of the lot? We recovered considerable evidence of an intensively occupied domestic site, in use from at least the early eighteenth through late twentieth centuries. This evidence consisted of architectural remains, domestic refuse, construction and destruction episodes, utility trenches, and a wide assortment of paving or surfacing episodes. This has been among the more profitable lines of inquiry, and has been developed elsewhere (Emstein in press). Specifically, the relationship between home and workplace was renegotiated over time, as is attested to by the variety of outbuildings, additions, walkways, and paves surfaces crossing the site. Attempts to privatize lingering residential portions of the site are visible in the face of ever-increasing commercialization and urbanization. There is direct evidence for the intensification of land use as well as evidence for changing attitudes about domestic space. There is evidence for the profitability of certain kinds of land use, which are seen to accompany the transformation of this lot from a "prestige address" to part of a commercial neighborhood. These are each processes that began in the second half of the eighteenth century and continued over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Residents of 22 West Street tended to adapt to changing situations via (re)paving surfaces, rearranging and consistently adding to the density of structures at the rear as well as the front parts of the lot. The site became intensively occupied throughout the course of the nineteenth century, to such an extent that additional buildings were constructed quite literally in what was the front yard of the large duplex structure located at #20-22 West Street. This trend continued well into the late twentieth century. Migh changes in land use noted on this particular site serve as data with which to construct a model to address the growth and development of this part of town (a poorly-documented period in the town's history) ? This last question had no final resolution. Data collected and generalizations made as a result of excavations at the 22 West Street site may contribute to such a model--as will data gathered from adjacent sites such as Gott's Court. The form that this model may take; however, is still very much an open question. RECOMMENDATIONS Specific recommendations are offered with respect to National Register eligibility of the 22 West Street Backlot site (18AP51) as well as the potential of the site for future research. Each is presented separately below. National Register Eligibility The foregoing discussion demonstrated that the 22 West Street site possessed sufficient archaeological integrity to document changing patterns in land use on a little-studied portion of the National Historic District at Annapolis, Maryland. Several mitigating factors, including (1) the horizontal and vertical extent of disturbances across the site, (2) secondary deposition of materials encountered across a significant portion of the site, as well as (3) the statistically significant portion of the total site area examined all mitigate against recommending the site for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. While the site spoke to issues of changes in land use and documenting increasingly intensive occupation of this urban lot, it no longer possesses adequate resources of Criteria D Significance, for resources that " . . . have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history" (per 36CFR 60.4d). Future Research Potential While further analysis and interpretation of the materials and associations recovered in the course of excavation at the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP51) is currently on-going, no further fieldwork is recommended, nor would it be logistically feasible at this time. In the event that future development of the site occurs, archaeological monitoring of those activities is recommended. No further fieldwork; however, is suggested or warranted at this time. REFERENCES CITED Arminger, C. 1975 "Susquehannock Plant Utilization," in W.F. Kinsey, ed. Proceedings of the 1975 Middle Atlann'c Archaeological Cor3ference. Lancaster, PA: Franklin and Marshall College. Baker, Nancy T. 1986 "Annapolis, Maryland 1695-1730, " Maryland Historical Magazine 8 113: 19 1-209. Brown, Lois 1979 "The Distribution of Paleo-Indian Projectile Points in Maryland," manuscript on file, Division of Archaeology, Crownsville, Maryland. 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Appendix A: Soil Profiles 18AP5 1 S20E5 I S 15E5 West Wall Profile A 10YR416 B 7.5YR516 C 10YR414 D 5YR514 E 10YR416 F 7.5YR414 G 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Strong Brown Santl Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Charcoal Fragments Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick, Mortar, and Plaster Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay I I I I I - Feature 44 E - F 18AP5 1 S 10E5 I S5E5 West Wall Profile A 2.5Y R414 Olive Brown Sandy Loam B 2.5YR516 Light Olive Brown Sandy Loam C 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loarn with Mortar and Brick Fragments D 10YR612 Light Gray Brown Sand with Ash and Shell E 10YR512 Gray Brown Sand with Ash and Charcoal F 10YR316 Dark Yellowish Brown Sand with Mortar and Brick Fragments G 1OYR211 Black Charcoal and Ash 1 SAP5 1 SlOE1.5 1 S15E15 East Wall Profile A 10YR314 B 10YR516 C 10YR413 D 10YR311 Dark Yellowish Sandy Loam with Mortar and Brick Fragments Yellowish Brown Clayey Loam Brown Sandy Loam Very Dark Sandy Loaln and Ash 18AP5 1 SOE15 North Wall Profile A-B 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam C 1OYR212 Very Dark Brown Sandy Loam D 10YR414 Dark Yellowish Brown Sand mottled with 7.5YR314 Dark Brown Clayey Sand E 7.5YR Strong Brown Loamy Sand G 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Clayey Loam H lOYR518 Yellowish Brown Sand --*P I lOYR814 Very Pale Brown Mortar Dust S/ Y 4' A-B C Feature 5 D / E G .,- -7, .I JUI JL \I J \ Fe.pr.8 H 18AP5 1 S20E5 South Wall Profile A 1OYR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay with Charcoal B 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Charcoal and Mortar C 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay 18AP5 1 S5E10 West Wall Profile A 10YR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam D 10YR3/2 Very Dark Grayish Brown with Ash, Brick, and Mortar E 2.5YR2.510 Black Charcoal, Ash, and Brick G 10YR6/6 Yellowish Brown Sand 18AP5 1 S5E10 South Wall Profile A 10YR414 Dark Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 5Y4/2 Olive Gray Sandy Clay B 10YR414 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam C 5Y412 Olive Gray Sandy Clay D 10YR311 Very Dark Grayish Brown with Ash, Brick, and Mortar F 1OYR.514 Yellowish Brown Sand G 10YR616 Yellowish Brown Sand H 10YR516 Yellowish Brown Sand 18AP5 1 S5E15 East Wall Profile A-B 10YR314 C 10YR514 I 5YR314 J 10YR413 K 10YR314 L 7.5YR314 M 7.5YR416 N 1 OYR3 I6 0 10YR416 P 7.5YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Clay Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Brown Sandy Clay mottled with Brick and Mortar Fragments Strong Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 7.5YR414 Dark Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Strong Brown Clay 18AF'S 1 S5E1.5 West Wall Profile A 10YR314 B 1OYR212 C 10YR616 D 10YR211 E 1OYR514 F 10YR416 G 10YR414 H 10YR416 I 5YR314 K 1OYR314 L 7.5YR314 M 7.5YR416 N 10YR316 0 1OYR416 P 7.5YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Very Dark Brown Sandy Loam Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Coal and Ash with Brick and Mortar Yellowish Brown Sand with Brick and Mortar Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Clay with Charcoal Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Brown Sandy Clay mottled with Brick and Mortar Fragments Strong Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 7.SYR414 Dark Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Strong Brown Clay A B Feature 9 -- \ C K L 1 M - - N 0 - P 18AP51 S5E 15 North Wall Profile L 7.5YR314 Dark Brown Sandy Clay mottled with Brick and Mortar Fragments M 7.5YR416 Strong Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 7.5YR414 Dark Brown Sandy Loam N 10YR316 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay 0 1OYR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Clay P 7.5YR416 Strong Brown Clay 0 Feature 5 18-5 1 S5E15 South Wall Profile A 10YR314 B 10YR2/2 C lOYR5/4 D 1oYR5/4 E 10YR5/4 G 10YR4/4 H 10YR416 I 5YR314 K 10YR3 I4 L 7.5YR314 M 7.5YR416 N 10YR316 0 10YR4/6 P 7.5YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Very Dark Brown Sandy Loam Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Coal and Ash with Brick and Mortar rs- Yellowish Brown Sand with Brick and Mortar Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Clay with Charcoal Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Brown Sandy Clay mottled with Brick and Mortar Fragments Strong Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 7.5YR414 Dark Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Strong Brown Clay Feature 9 I I 18AP5 1 S15E10 West Wall Profile D 1oYR414 E lOYR314 F 10YR314 G 1OYR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay mottled with 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay r& \ - - E = Feature 52 d F G 18AP51 S15E10 North Wall Profile B 10YR316 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam C 7.5YR414 Dark Brown Clay D 10YR414 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam E 1OYR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments F 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments G 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay mottled with 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay - - - -- - . f - I r I n 7 Feature a -I- 11 D 1 Feature 52 F G 18AP5 1 S15E10 East Wall Profile D 10YR4/4 E 1 OYR314 F 1 OYR3 I4 G 10YR3/4 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay mottled with 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown &dy Clay 18AP5 1 S15E10 South Wall Profile B 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam C 7.5YR416 Dark Brown Clay D 1 OYR3 I6 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam E 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments F 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Loamy Clay with Brick, Mortar, and Charcoal Fragments G 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay mottled with 10YR416 Dark Yellowish ~ r o w n % m d ~ Clay t Feature 52 F 18AP5 1 S20E5 North Wall Profile B 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam C 10YR4/4 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Charcoal Fragments D 5YR514 Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick, Mortar, and Plaster Fragments E 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam F 1 OYR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Mortar and Charcoal Fragments G-I 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay 4 18AP5 1 S20E5 East Wall Profile B 10YR416 C 10YR414 D 5YR514 E 10YR416 F 10YR416 G-I 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Charcoal Fragments Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick, Mortar, and Plaster Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Mortar and Charcoal Fragments -.- Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay I - B -- T E 0 0 - - - Gravel Concentration , 18AP51 SOE 15 East Wall Profile A 1 OYR3 I4 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 10YR414 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam / A i - l O r 0 ODD1 U~OUUODU~Q I ) I Feature 2 1 - 18-5 1 SOE5 South Wall Profile A 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam B 10YR411 Dark Gray Ash C 2.5YR2.510 Black Charcoal D 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments E 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Sand 18AP5 1 SOE5 West Wall Profile A 2.5YR414 B 1OYR211 D 1 OYR3 I2 E 10YR514 F 10YR414 G 1OYR316 Olive Brown Sandy Loam Black Ash and Charcoal Very Dark Grayish Brown Sandy Loam Yellowish Brown Sand with Mortar Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments Dark Yellowish Brown Sand L - - A - concrete- F - G 18AP.5 1 SOE5 North Wall Profile A 2.5YR414 Olive Brown Sandy Loam B 1OYR211 Black Ash and Charcoal D 10YR312 Very Dark Grayish Brown Sandy Loam F 10YR414 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments 1 8 M 5 1 SOE 10 South Wall Profile A 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam B 10YR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments C 10YR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments D 1OYR211 Black Charcoal E 10YR516 Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments F 2.5YR314 Dark Reddish Brown Sandy Loam G Mortar Level applied over Brickwork 18AP5 1 SOElO West Wall Profile A 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam B 10YR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam mottled with 10YR312 Grayish Brown Clay C 1OYR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments D 10YR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments E 1OYR516 Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam with Brick and Mortar Fragments =zd F 10YR516 Yellowish Brown Sand and 10YR313 Dark Brown Sandy Loam H Mottled Soil consisting of lOYR Dark Red Sand, 5Y411 Dark Gray Clayey Sand, and Mortar 18AP5 1 SOElO North Wall Profile A 2.5Y414 B 10YR312 C 1 OYR3 I2 Olive Brown Sandy Loam Very Dark Grayish Brown Sandy Loam with Ash, Mortar, and Brick Fragments Very Dark Grayish Brown mottled with 10YR314 Very Dark Brown Sandy Loam, Brick, and Mortar Fragments --a Dark Grayish Brown Sandy Loam with Mortar and Brick Fragments Yellowish Brown Sand Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam 18AP.5 1 N5E15 East Wall Profile Feature 23 18AP51 N5E15 North Wall Profile A 10YR313 Dark Brown Loam B 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay C 1 OYR312 Very Dark Grayish Brown Sandy Clay with Brick, Oyster Shell, and Mortar Fragments D 10YR3/3 Dark Brown Sand mottled with 10YR516 Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam E 10YR316 Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam d I Feature 5 I Feature 30 1 1 RAP5 1 NSE15 West Wall Profile A 10YR313 B 10YR314 C 10Y R3 12 D 10YR313 E 10YR316 F 7.5YR416 Dark Brown Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Clay Very Dark Grayish Brown Sandy Clay with Brick, Oyster Shell, and Mortar Fragments Dark Brown Sand mottled with 10YR516 Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam --5 Strong Brown Sand 18AP.5 1 S60E10 South Wall Profile B 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Clay E 2.5Y416 Olive Brown Clay Pipe 18AP51 S60E 10 West Wall Profile A 10YR314 B 10YR416 C 10YR316 D 10YR413 E 2.5Y416 Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Dark Yellowish Brown Clay Dark Brown Clay Olive Brown Clay 18-51 S60E10 North Wall Profile A 10YR314 Dark Yellowish Brown Clay B 10YR416 Dark Yellowish Brown Clay C 10YR316 Dark Yellowish Brown Clay D 1OYR413 Dark Brown Clay E 2.5Y416 Olive Brown Clay -- t 18AP.5 1 S45E20 North Wall Profile A-C 10YR314 D lOYR414 E 7.5YR416 F G 7.5YR416 H 7.5YR416 I 1 OY R212 L-M 10YR416 N-0 10YR416 Yellowish Brown Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Strong Brown Sand Strong Brown Clayey Sand mottled with 10YR516 Yellowish Brown Clay Strong Brown Clayey Soil Very Dark Brown Burned Rubble Dark Yellowish Brown Sand Dark Yellowish Brown Sand T t 3. \Y 1 A-C - D F-G I L- M - - 18AP5 1 S45E20 West Wall Profile A-C 10YR314 D 10YR414 E 7.5YR416 F-G 7.5YR416 H 7.5YR416 I-K 10YR212 L-0 10YR416 Yellowish Brown Loam Dark Yellowish Brown Sandy Loam Strong Brown Sand Strong Brown Clayey Sand mottled with 1OYR516 Yellowish Brown Clay Strong Brown Clayey Soil Very Dark Brown Burned Rubble Dark Yellowish Brown Sand I-K T 7 t t . Y .)I 1 V P . A-C D F-G 4 / H L-0 Appendix B. Results of all-site minimum vessel county for 22 West Street Maryland (1 8AP5 1). I 11 CE-12 I coarse earthenware I crocwiar 1 undecorated Vessel # CE- 1 CE-2 CE-3 CE-4 CE-5 CE-6 CE-7 CE-8 CE-11 Form hollow ware hollow ware jug hollow ware mugltankard mugltankard crockjjar unknown Ware coarse earthenware (clear glaze) coarse earthenware (clear glaze) coarse earthenware (black glaze) coarse earthenware (black glaze) coarse earthenware coarse earthenware coarse earthenware (black glaze) coarse earthenware (North Devon gravel tempered ware) CE-10 IE-* 11 CE-14 I coarse earthenware I unknown I undecorated Decoration undecorated undecorated undecorated undecorated undecorated undecorated undecorated undecorated coarse earthenware (clear glaze) CE-13 coarse earthenware coarse earthenware 11 CE-17 1 coarse earthenware 1 flowerpot I undecorated crockjjar coarse earthenware (clear glaze) CE-15 CE-16 crocwjar crocwjar undecorated 11 CE-19 1 coarse earthenware 1 flowerpot 1 undecorated undecorated undecorated crocwjar coarse earthenware coarse earthenware I undecorated CE-18 I crockljar crock/iar I undecorated undecorated I I I coarse earthenware I Chinese porcelein I bowl, table blue handpainted underglaze cp-l Chinese porcelain lacklot, Annapolis, flowerpot Cp-2 undecorated - Chinese porcelain bowl, table Chinese porcelain - red handpainted underglaze with blue handpainted overglaze -- - plate - blue handpainted underglaze bowl, table blue handpainted underglaze Vessel # CP-5 CP-6 CP-7 CP-8 CW-1 CW-2 CW-3 C W-4 C W-5 CW-6 CW-7 CW-8 CW-9 EP-1 EP-2 EP-3 EP-4 EP-5 EP-6 EP-7 EP-8 EP-9 EP-10 IR- 1 Ware Chinese porcelain Chinese porcelain Chinese porcelain Chinese porcelain creamware creamware creamware creamware creamware creamware creamware creamware creamware English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain English porcelain (bone china) English porcelain (bone china) ironstone * Strata XIII XIV N.P. N.P. X XIII II X X Ix M X Ix V VII IV IV VII X VII 11 VII VII II Form plate bowl, table bowl, table bowl, table plate CUP plate plate plate flatware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware deep saucer saucer plate plate saucer saucer flatware flatware unknown flatware plate Decoration blue handpainted underglaze blue handpainted underglaze blue handpainted underglaze blue handpainted overglaze molded, even scalloped rim molded, bead and reel molded, diamond pattem molded, royal pattern molded, even scalloped rim molded incised, slip decorated incised, slip decorated green, molded decoration gold handpainted overglaze decal, pink and green handpainted overglaze pink and green handpainted overglaze, molded decoration pink and green handpainted overglaze gold gilded molded pink and green handpainted overglaze and decal green and pink handpainted overglaze and decal brown handpainted underglaze undecorated molded " - Vessel # R-2 IR-3 R-4 R-5 R-6 IR-7 JK- 1 NT- 1 OP-1 OP-2 OP-3 PW-I PW-2 PW-3 PW-4 PW-5 PW-6 PW-7 PW-8 PW-9 PW-10 PW-11 PW-12 Ware ironstone ironstone ironstone ironstone ironstone ironstone (English) jackfield Nottingham other porcelain other porcelain (hard paste) other porcelain pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware penrlware pearlware pearlware pearlware Form hollow ware hollow ware saucer saucer hollow ware unknown lid, vessel unknown hollow ware bowl, table unknown unknown hollow ware plate bowl, table plate flatware plate plate plate plate plate plate plate Decoration molded undecorated undecorated undecorated handpainted pink overglaze and molded decoration scalloped rim; blue, pink, and gold handpainted overglaze and molded decoration undecorated engine turned undecorated molded or fluted motif brown handpainted underglaze decoration, gilded undecorated undecorated undecorated blue handpainted, shell edged (even scalloped rim) green handpainted shell edged green handpainted shell edged blue handpainted shell edged blue handpainted shell edged green handpainted, molded (unscalloped, rim impressed) green underglaze handpainted; molded green underglaze handpainted; shell edged (even scalloped rim) shell edged Strata V V N.P. VI VII VII n XI V II I N.P. VII N.P. X N.P. VI V IV V1 V I1 I Strata N.P. VI VIII V N.P. IX N.P. VII VI XIII XIII X X XIJl XD XI X I1 II XlV VI W XIV VI Vessel # PW-13 PW-14 PW-15 PW-16 PW-17 PW-18 PW-19 PW-20 PW-21 PW-22 PW-23 PW-24 PW-25 RE- 1 RE-2 RE-3 RE-4 RE-5 RK- 1 SB-1 SB-2 SB-3 SB-4 SB-5 Ware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware pearlware refined earthenware (refined redware) refined earthenware (refined redware) refined earthenware (refined redware) refined earthenware (refined redware) refined earthenware (refined redware) rockingham coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied (English) Form plate plate plate plate hollow ware flatware hollow ware hollow ware bowl, table CUP CUP hollow ware flatware hollow ware CUP hollow ware hollow ware unknown hollow ware hollow ware bottle bottle hollow ware crocWjar Decoration shell edged shell edged shell edged shell edged blue underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint blue underglaze handpainted blue slip decorated brown and orange underglaze handpainted blue underglaze handpainted green and red underglaze handpainted blue underglaze handpainted blue underglaze transferpnnt undecorated white slip decorated undecorated undecorated molded with aqua and white decoration molded molded, with green and brown decoration brown glaze very light body with clear glaze black lead glazed exterior, dark green interior glaze engine turned with brown decoration L Strata I I VU N.P. XIV I I I X N.P. J l V V xm XIII XI N.P. Vessel # SB-6 SB-7 SB-8 SB-9 SB-I0 SB-11 SB-12 SB-13 SB-14 SG-1 SG-2 SG-3 SG-4 SG-5 SG-6 SG-7 SG-8 Decoration engine turned with gray decoration interior black glaze undecorated undecorated rim dipped, dark brown glaze, darker annular band at rim orange and black skip decorated, Albany slip interior slip decorated, Albany exterior, Bristol glazed interior) slip decorated, Albany slip interior, salt glazed exterior) salt glazed interior, brown exterior blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior decoration, brown glazed/washed interior) blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior brown glaze brown glaze blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior, with blue bands Ware coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied (American salt glazed) coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied (English) coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, brown bodied (American salt glazed) coarse stoneware, brown bodied coarse stoneware, gray bodied (American salt glazed) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (American salt glazed) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) Form hollow ware hollow ware crocwjar bottle (neck) mugttankard hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware crocwjar hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware Vessel # SG-9 SG-10 SL-1 SL-2 TG-1 TG-2 TG-3 TG-4 TG-5 TG-6 TG-7 TG-8 WH-I WH-2 WS-1 WS-2 WS-3 WS-4 WS-5 WS-6 WS-7 Ware coarse stoneware, gray bodied (Westenvald) coarse stoneware, gray bodled (Westerwald) slipware (trailed) slipware (trailed) tinglazed earthenware t~nglazed earthenware t~nglazed earthenware tinglazed earthenware tlnglazed earthenware tinglazed earthenware tinglazed earthenware tinglazed earthenware whieldon-wedgewood (tortoise-shell/clouded ware) whieldon-wedgewood (tortoise-shell/clouded ware) white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware Form crocwjar crocwjar hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware flatware chamber pot hollow ware hollow ware jug hollow ware flatware hollow ware hollow ware CUP bowl, table glatware unknown CUP lid, vessel unknown hollow ware Decoration blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior, blue bands on exterior, buff bodied and possibly underfired blue underglaze handpainted incised exterior, buff bodied, possible underfired brown slip brown slip with stripes undecorated undecorated undecorated undecorated blue underglaze handpainted, darker blue striped on blue background undecorated blue, yellow, and red handpainted decoration blue underglaze handpainted brown, yellow, and green decoration; molded brown and green undecorated sprigged embossed edgelmolded beaded/molded undecorated incised, rouletted design undecorated Strata II X N N.P. XI XIII M XJII XJII xm XJII XJII XJII N.P. X XIV I II VI I Xm VII - Vessel # WS-8 WS-9 WS-10 WS-11 WS-12 WW-1 WW-2 WW-3 WW-4 WW-5 WW-6 WW-7 WW-8 WW-9 WW-10 WW-11 WW-12 WW-13 WW-14 WW-15 WW-16 WW-17 WW-18 WW-19 WW-20 WW-21 Ware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware white saltglazed stoneware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware Strata XIV N.P. X XI XIII V X VII VI V V E VII II N.P. IX VI I N.P. V IV X M VI II X Form bowl, table handle, vessel unknown flatware plate plate lid, vessel unknown flatware hollow ware lid, vessel unknown plate plate flatware (very thick body) bowl, table bowl, table hollow ware handle, vessel unknown plate hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware bowl, table hollow ware hollow ware hollow ware CUP Decoration embossed edgelmolded undecorated moldedhasket weave moldedlbasket weave blue incised decoration undecorated molded undecorated undecorated moldedlfluted decoration gilded decoration undecorated (slightly bluish glaze) underglaze blue transferprint undecorated undecorated molded undecorated molded molded undecorated undecorated undecorated green underglaze handpainted with interiorlexterior band at rim blue, dipped blue and green underglaze handpainted with brown band at rim red, and brown underglaze handpainted, exterior band at rim * Vessel # WW-22 WW-23 WW-24 WW-25 WW-26 WW-27 W - 2 8 WW-29 WW-30 WW-3 1 WW-32 WW-33 WW-34 WW-35 WW-3 6 WW-3 7 WW-3 8 WW-3 9 WW-40 Decoration blue and green underglaze handpainted blue underglaze transferprint with interior/exterior decoration mulberry underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint, molded with scrolled finial on attached handle blue underglaze transferprint, moldedheaded decoration red underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint gilded black underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint, chinoiserie blue underglaze transferprint mulberry underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint "flow- blue" underglaze transferprint red underglaze transferprint blue underglaze transferprint, poss. willow pattern border Strata VI VI VII X N.P. X VI X X N.P. V X X IX VII N.P. VI X X Ware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware whiteware Form hollow ware bowl, table plate lid, vessel unknown hollow ware flatware plate hollow ware plate plate flatware hollow ware plate plate unknown hollow ware unknown hollow ware flatware Vessel # WW-4 1 YW-1 Y W-2 YW-3 YW-4 Ware whiteware yellow ware yellow ware yellow ware yellow ware Form flatware bowl, table unknown unknown unknown Decoration aqua underglaze transferprint molded undecorated undecorated blue and white underglaze handpainted decoration Strata VII I VI V VI 2,:::: .<. ..,. ,,, . ....,.,. , 'i::::.:!~ .I1 . ji . .I,:.:;' t i , /: /I,,::,, ;;,,,,,- :: ,, :: ,,,, I[:;;;,:/ 11, ,, dl ;v!:::!~ 11'. ,,:; .-[I.. 1 [""" ,,., 1 , [""" i,,,, ; , :,':!I , "'I['" ...[I 1,. ,,,. Uk.., 'I >,,,, $ , .;: 1; ,, ...ll. "', '"11 ;, :; i,, ,.. , iV:. I " . 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L L , , ,fiiPib ETL/MA: :H I l% lE n A L E - ( WHL j r * p . : -r. , - . ~ T c n T 1 . 9 11 5 6 1 0 0 0 C :FRALRE,jT 4 4 t) 2:95,;4 (, i;f lKER:( :;,LL 94 5 7 0 0 9 4 44 [LIIYltTF i. !;ill',,,, !k![,:,:,- 9 4 6 3 1 0 0 0 0 x , ; I F F ~ 2 2 ~ 1 f I.> !..' - ? . 7 , h i : ( t:L,.; - - 9 4 9100~;: , : - I , ,,.*: i q p ; BAL- NiJMEER 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 101 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 l 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1l)I 1 5 1 1 C1 i h i I L' i 1 0 1 EASTER- CODE !330OC! 1 3 4 4 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 3 0 0 0 3 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 t;0000C 5 1 0 0 0 0 5309s:; 6 3 2 0 0 0 71C000 qj$:$: .> n 0 - r , 1 'J 'J 1, .. $!$93[ " * A , . I.LU?l. 1 C ' , ? ' S , O _ , C i l 8405CO 6 7 0 0 0 s $ 7 :, (2 9 1 0 0 3 5 1 FOGTRING 0 0 3 5 ? G'N-LID-FK OVRGLZ DEC ,I lLD 1 . BN AND PK 0VKGL i DEC ? CLR, THN, CRVD 2 C i R , CRVD 1 0 1 EMEOSSEC "VASE!!NEn ETC 16 Fp" 32 F!Ai:fj . - , , A , VAR;[D !!JMF$ 5 5 lil40~1 3 r#::C;- IFTIi?bl C-WAPEIGENERAL WHTWRITRNSFRPR-!lNbi EL WHTWR!TRNSFRPR-UNGL E l PORi lJNDISTINGUISHES PORiOTHER POK/!!TSER GLASSiGENERAL GLASS/GENERAL FLAT GLASS ,WINDOW E O T i i E , ROUND FRkb B T L i M A Z H I ~ E MADE-I WHL ) flA!L/GENERAL IRir t? 1 1 1; IJ GfiNE/FRc,Lp;E;:T . . 7 . L , ' : i i : C C - , I L L i i - .1 L . i SHELL/OYS;fq lJi;'jC!bi.!jL[!l;i,~l $EL>,TE[, :LINKER Li;i l,iNEik:!OA! - - - - - - F E A ~ U R ' : :33 - - ; ? f, I 8::; C R V b GLASSIGENERAL b o a ? $ ? i;. T j K T , s ih53/&EN:FAL ? :000 i 4 !I..!:, KA! I'GENERAL 7 3 0 5 0 ? ~ ~ I R T A ~ 7 h 0 0 0 6 p;:; ,:I: S 2 0 0 0 1 WHOLE SHELLIOYSTER F;1000: . . . A i. : I- :-, .. : ; BCHE/FISH 6'70O04 1 iL1 t \{L.E@i[~h! . .., . ,s:::,, ,; ;$!:;,,, 11 ,,,,,J\ I[:..'' ,ti,: , ' 11 ' KX,,, "'11 !I:;,,, t y :" 1:. "'Ii I ) . . I., ,, t ... .. 6 ,, !I,,. ,, )I:.., tz .ii .(:.; .. , , . , , , : I 1 .I/.: , ,,:;:.:I I~:::::j! 1 . , :: ,!:;;; :,, (:::,,;I, 11 ,,,,, j; I]'::;;:; ....[I.. 11::"' [i:,;:, ;i!::'::li "'I:' .-{I. 11 ,,,,,, li::f::,, '1, ,,,, '1' li!:i::. $ ,..... ,,It.. ..I[.. 'i i,: ' . I . ip,,''k G:!:,, ,!!,.,.I ,, , ,, , \I:,., 1 , 1 '/(:,, .I,., , '11 :: ' I , , I , " ' ' I ' I " : : . . 1; I . i I _:::! : '.' :::'( "' ;t', ,.I! .:ii.. l, 11. .. . ,:::: ' 1C::,::l '" x - SQ(jARE = N5E;: - - FEATURE - - LEVEL ; A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 RDROD, (LP S!: 5 3 2 !30000 9Cj35 1 LTEOD, EXT ER, BASE WHT GLZ 5 3 3 13000C i L?EOD1 EXT BR WASH t ? .J J 4 1 3 3 0 9 6 1 5 3 5 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 0 5 3 6 !35000 2 ONE P I E C E , NO GL! 5 3 i 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 I N T 6R WASH 5 3 8 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 ! TMFD, FE I N GLZ 5 3 3 2 4 9 13 0 : GRAEWARE 5 3 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 i ) 3 5 :; 11 3 4 0 0 0 0 i BATHRilOtl F IXT lJkE FRAG 5 '> 13 - - 5 2 0 0 0 c ! ALMOST A 7," 53 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 9 9 5 CLR, CR1J[I C ? a .# 1 C; 600C-c 11 BE CPVD 53 1 5 ~ 9 0 0 0 0 1 BL I:F:VD C 'i i .i 16 6110000 ? GN T I N T CRVD 5 3 : 7 50000G ; $14 LRVD 5 3 18 i j 3 0 0 0 0 3 :,;, P(lS5 SG B T i L FRAG 5: i 'i t,0000C 1 MIL:: GLA!,i 5 ' J 2C 6100C3 171 r ? 7 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 53 +. , i i 7 1 3 0 0 1 4 7 F ~ A : t.) ., ., 2 3 7 1 3 0 0 9 4 5 3 ; 4 9?!3023 1 ! 3 1415': FRAG 5 ? 2 5 Y 1 0 0 0 1 1 C A I < L i [ i E : i ., 26 9!000! 1 PULL TA$ 5 3 h- L ! ':1OGO$ $ F'5SS ; 1'; Fl,,:i, 5 3 2s 9 1 9 0 0 2 1 #E' l SHAPE 2 9 5 3 75Cb:O S!;);E 5 3 3 0 75$(13? 4 : 1 - ' i, n i> ' 5 3 1 2 L, >, 'd c2 5 3 32 7 6 0 0 0 0 ! 5 3 3 3 t;00000 1 FIJSEG 5 3 3 4 8 1 0 0 0 0 ! 4 -- 5 3 3 5 / 1 0 0 0 3 2 5 3 35 7 8 0 0 0 0 - :- I 5 3 3 7 8 2 0 0 0 1 4 5 3 3 8 6 2 0 9 0 2 S FRAG 5 3 3 9 8 2 0 0 0 0 4 FRAG 5 3 4 0 6 4 0 0 0 0 7 5 3 4 1 8 7 0 0 0 2 2 8 53 4 2 $70094 1 9 5 3 4 3 6 8 l l l O l 0 2 1 2 B 53 44 9400CC ! BENT SHEET 5 3 4 5 3 6 0 0 0 1 3 ALLOY, t iUT, STRIP , SHEET 5 3 4 6 9 5 0 0 0 ~ 3 ALLOY, PULL T A B , WIRE, SHEET C, ? . . 4; Y50000 J SLhG WIT:' CLINKER c, ? -. 44 9 6 0 0 0 0 14 $55T PLkSTIC FRkb t 5 JJ 49 ' ?80000 1 EATTER'I' 53 50 3 3 9 0 0 0 1 aljN[~!E PHOtjf WIRE DESCR- ii'iI0fi CRSI INT PB GLZ REFINED EARTHENIiARE REFINED EARTHENWARE P-WAREIGENERAL WHTWR/GENERAL YW-WAREIGENERAL CRSIGY ED CRSIGY ED REFISTONEWARE POR/UNDijTINGl!TSHiCl PDPIOTHER PIPE-STEMIFLI ! 4 i t l 4 " GLASSIGENERAL GLASSIGENERAL &LASS/GENERA! GLASjIGENERAL GLAE5;'GENERAL G l A S S i G E N E h i L GLAS:/GEl'iERAL FLAT GLASS ,WJN@QL! I iA IL iGENEKAL NAIL/GENERAL d A i i / ~ l O D E i ? ~ i W EE: iROH IRON FORM i 3 E N T l F l k B L E IRON F96M I O i N T I F i L B I E !ROh I R g h - - ; I ! ] N E / " ~ ~ ~ T I . : ~ A ~ ~ , T f i i ~ E / l ~ & Y ~ . ' ~ ; L MORTAR 8RICS GLASSIGENEKAL EONEIFRAGMENT CERAHIC T ILE iFLOORING CERAMIC SEWER P I P E ShYLLiOYSTER SHELL/ZLAE SHELLIFRAGMENT WOODIEUiLDLNG RELATED SEEDSINUTS j SPECIFY j CLINKERICOAL WRKED SHELLIFORM iDEI\IT LEAC' COPFER FORH I C E H T I F I A G L i OTHER METAL O?%iP METAL SYNTHETIC t l A T E ? i i ~ S Y d T H E i I C R A T E ~ ~ A L SYI!T3ETIC M$,TEfiIAL BAG- MASTER- DESCF- NUMBER ITEt1 COllE F n R t B U k N T I T \ COPlMENT I F T I O N 5 3 51 9 6 0 0 0 0 ! CIGARETTE F I L T E E SYNTHETiC K A T E F i A i 5 2 5 2 9 8 0 0 0 0 i BOOK ilATCh SYNTHETIC PIATERIAL 5 3 5 3 9 8 0 3 0 0 1 F IBER BOARD FRAC SYNTHETIC MATERIAL LEVEL = B - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 9 1 RDBOD CPSIUNGLZ i 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 2 1 RDBOD, MULTI OXIDES I N GL! C R S i I N T PB G l i 1 2 0 0 0 4 1 RDBOD, i L R EL2 CRSI INT-EXT PB GLZ 1 2 0 0 0 4 i RDEOD, DK BE 6 1 1 CRSI INT-EX1 FB G L I t 3 2 0 0 0 3 CRMWRiGENERAL 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 CRilWRIGENERAL 1 3 2 5 0 6 0 0 2 2 1 CRMWRiSi+!ECi /3i?CC 1 P-WAPE/GEi\!E$'I;! !3100G 1 WKTiJ3!;ENERAl. 22009(: 1 FE G X J G t b i ; , IN? I . ,Al-lL;j 320GV0 2 FCR/iN!iL!SH 6 0 0 0 0 9 4 3 C L ? g p y ; 6L&'i85/&EN5$:L 100QcC 5 EF( [ R V [ i:i$i~, ' s ; i \ i~k ;~ 6633 j[! 6 T I $ T C E V S GLA,<>/GENERJL t 0 0 12 0 0 1 HEA;: F+:TIpI/. LLAS5IBENERA' 6 '30983 9 EOT?;:, Rdli';[ CXA: 61obOC, la6 FLhT ,U ip j [ !oU 7 1 0 0 0 6 3! ;;;;i/' Glij ihrrL L I I C - , < m 9 1 Q 0 0 i 1 b!l[T, [ J L J T LJITIj I J / , ~ / ; ~ R IRON FOf i f i i ; : ,~T:FIAeLL 750o i Io 1 'IANDjT31IE : ~ o / t c J L, !pi T ~ J F , ~ I ~ . r ~ v , ~ 7 5 0 0 0 0 2 SLATE STOflEiNATURAL J5001:ifi 7 S ' IONE~NATIIRAL 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 EKICI: 780O30 1? CERAMIC 5EWEP P I P E 7 2 0 0 0 0 1 f ' l ASTE? 6 '10000 5 4 i i EONE!FR&,L/+ENT 8 1 0 0 0 4 1 BONEiTEETH 6 2 0 0 0 1 4 SHELLiGYSTER 8 2 0 0 0 1 4 FRkG SHELLiOY 5iER 6 2 0 0 0 2 1 FRAG SHELLiZLAK 8 7 0 0 0 2 5 SEEDSiNUTS i SFECIFY I 6 7 0 0 0 4 7 CLINKERiCOAL 9 6 0 0 0 0 1 ALLOY, POSS LAP OK COVER i'OPPEk 9 6 0 0 0 0 ! ALLOY, ELEC F I T T i N G COppEF 9130000 1 P'ISS ERAKE i I N I l 4 G SYNTHETIC ?ATERIAL Fi500SCI 1 BRASS OR SILVER THIN WIRE Oi i iEC METAL BAG- NUMBER I T E N ! 00 4 I 0 0 ! 0 1 0 0 1 1 I 0 0 12 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 1 5 I 0 0 1 6 i Q 0 1: 1 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 L 1 0 / 1 0 0 n i b 1 0 9 2 1 1 0 0 2 2 MSTEF: CODE al:iQfiOfi 6 1 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 8 2 7!0000 72!?0Gi) 7 5 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 7 8 0 0 0 0 8 ? 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 1 6 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 ? 1 41 FRG i 3 2 BOG IRON 1 SLATE 1 5 1 3 i 2 lJHSLE 0 2 1 2 i METAL Z A C k 0 2 1 2 1 EYE Gi3l.l: ZESCR- i P T I i j N GLA~!;:<,'GE/jE;;; FLAT GLASS ,WINDOW BOTTLE, RO!!gD FRAG NAIL/GENEKAL PL>ASiER STONEINATURAL SiONEiNATIJPAL STOhEiNATURAL CERAHIC SEWER P I P E EONEiFRkGMENT SHELL!OYSTER SHELLIOYSTER FOR/!lN[iISj]NGi.iI$,HiP ERAS3 FOPll 1DEEITIF!FIE!E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L E V E L = i,1;0$; 71000C' ~ f i 4 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 SLATE 7 5 0 0 0 0 i 7 4 0 0 0 0 1 7 6 0 0 0 0 2 t i 1 0 0 0 0 1 6 7 0 0 0 4 1 5550011 i S1:RAP WHT f i - . ,i":,;r:;w FL;,: ,:I A NALLJGENEKAL ITCNE/NATURAL STONEiNATURAL BRICK CERAMIC SEWER P I P E BOrjE!FRAGHEgT CL INKERICOhL PAPiR . - - - - - - FEATURE 15 - - LEVEL = A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 5 1 RDBCD, DK BR GL! 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 RDEOC, DS BR GLZ 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 3 2 1 1 3 3 0 0 0 7 i : i40C0 ]34;:!& 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 3000 t t 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 7 2 653(10C 28 < ; J C?!,':, (,(3035: ;;TL FK,:,;:. C h l C ' . : Z . ; ~ ~ u v ,.iL L. L ? - " - I ! h _ . CRSI INT PB GLZ REFINED EARTHENWARE REF/WHT SN 6 1 2 P-WAREJGENERA! WHTWR/GEflERAL WHTWR/TRNSFRPR-UNGL BL H i F I P E i I R O N 3 : C N E i G E N E M F L A T GLASS,WINDOW , iASS/GENERAL &Lhji, '6EfiE4$! : I ! ;- <,"i;.J-,= ). 1: ~ , , , , ' ' p" . . . 1 .i; 1 I 1, ;.,--, C8 .-4 c - , , ' , . , , , I I , : : , , I I... . , I ; . ,: . il ..ti . ,;,, .. .,. . , I . , .. ,. , , ,:.: :: ;i::.y,,, I\ ,,,>, Il:::.- ,,.. .. .,,'::: ....., '11 'I,:::::? "'/I / [j:'::.,! GI,,:: ,,,... I... ( .,,.. 8 ' ..I; 'I::: , , , , . . , .....,, 'I::::::,' , ll . .I:::. . (1: ,-/I :I, ,; ;,,. , :: 'l:.) II,::::;!! ll,,, )I ij'"'li [I ,:,. .+I if:," !I, . lr:"!$ -''/I' .-I1 !I ,..,. !; ... ll,L,,,,J' Ii:!,. :i , , . k , ..]I '11 ,,. , 1;' ,"lt I:.:.:. ,,,,,,,, ,c;;:!. ,I/:,,, l:::::" ,, .i . , 11 1. .i..:. il :, ;f'::'i, I/ ..,. !I.. , . " 11" il.:::t:: ',I[:. I[: :: ... ..;, ,I, .I, I; ,.... fi ,,:+I! 11 ::i .-:..: :. .. . ~i ' , ,~ , l , !I:,:,, I[;:. ,::;;.:; :[,::.;:If " Fgpl: Q!j;,i!T:i';' :OMH:I!T 1 B K C K I i C 9 O L GN C R V B 1 1 24 F R A S 1 4 F L A T F R A G ! L T E O D , NO 6 L Z 2 6 2 8 2 1 S L A T E - - - - - - : r / T : l c ? : - - L [ / f L : ;(; L 7 1 . 1 , 3r3333; ;33; 1 520004 1 71000C F R X bCG@OC 3 C L F ( ( . k y [ : 6!@000 5 ': 810005 S20001 ? 900CC'. 1 ' " I I .IP,P,L.L F K A i j 750000 9 72000C I 730000 i-i 0 760000 1 780000 1:!0 840000 1 S P I A L L S T I C K 870004 9 870004 2 2 I ' L I N K E R L! ;, 1: $1 - - " ; i., I/ &iA%,.. '6ENE$;, : GLA5S;GENERAL B O T T L E , ROUflD NECK BO:T iE , ROUND FRA. d A I L / G E N E R A L N A I L / M O D E R N ( W I R E ) I R O N R E F I N E D E A R T H E N W A R E P L A S T E R MORTAF: E R I C K S T O I . i c C i N l T U R A L ~T I : : I .~E , ' : (~T :~~ ;~_ C R S EAR:H:/IWAPE ~ , i ] [ \ lE , :FR~~"? ; i { i S H E L L i O Y S T E k W(!I:JD:E!.I~LDI~{G C E L { , ? E [ ' c ; -Tp ; / : [ e / cLAL GL&':,S; G ' L N E R A i .-. :,;ILL a j p i E L ; 9': ; ~ & p k f i - - - [.t.,rFEfi 2 2 f : ; ' C@FF'iF ------ F E A I [ J $ E : I ? -- L E V E L I A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120001 0025 2 RDBOD 130000 1 L T B N , C L R L E A D GLZ 220000 0032 1 C R O C K , L T GY B O D 2:3$9? 00?5 1 C R 8 L K L i G Y L3D 221:10pc 36 ';q![l, :; ;iy E,l>[, b 9 3 c; :i ;! !:,2 c i $ C F . ' y D 600000 :c je;!j [ L $ [$b8$ 600000 2 R D CRVO 600000 1 i ; /+,:?\f [~ b03115; hi: ifi',; I) 7 i ',,! I ,-, , ,.,,,, 1 ,.?,,I 1 ,.,j, [-la,sv, 5, ,c:.. . , . ,, 1 : . i , : ; : : : I , , 1 I , . : I : : : I1 .,.... ,,:ii. :i:liii::, 'u:: .:ii.. 'l""~ .!i;;:;b q:::h " u ,.. . r , ,v .. .., ;;: ,,,, 8, ;c::.,, ,,;; :::: ..(v ,,::.;. , ,/. ,.. ,.:. ,r, . . , . , I , I I , , : : ' I I ...,... ,I , <;;, I.:::.,, /I:;.::: '"11' i$:::!!ll .::, :,, ::]I., .,:' :; ,,,,,,, l[;:,:,;~ 11 ,,,,,, 1; ;i":::l,, //:':;<: ...ll.. [I"::: I[:;::, ;I::::::i; " 1 1 " ... 11.. I/ ,,,,,. /i:j;::,: 11:: .,..,... 11, .,,... .-+ ';'I/:: "11"' S! ]I:,':: U8,''1i :" ip,,.N !Zi (1:::: ' ,;? ':" 11 4 ..,.,,. BAG- NUMBER I T E H 6 5 ! 3 b 5 14 6 5 1 5 o 5 1 6 6 5 ! 7 6 5 19 6 5 ! 9 6 5 2 0 6 5 21 6 5 2 2 6 5 2 3 i 5 2 4 6 5 2 5 0 5 2 6 6 5 2 7 6 5 2 5 6 5 2 9 6 5 2 1, 65 31 a: 3 2 6 5 ? S 6 5 34 6 5 5 5 WASTER- CODE j l 0 0 0 3 7 1 3 0 0 0 7 3 0 0 3 0 7 5 0 0 0 t 7 6 0 0 3 0 8 2 0 0 0 2 8 4 0 0 0 0 S 9 1 0 0 l 9 1 0 0 3 1 3 1 0 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 96031';: 3bl;C1$> 9 8 0 0 0 3 9 8 0 0 0 0 9 8 0 3 2 3 9800C.0 96000: $ 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 0 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 ~ $ C ; $ : I ? DESCP- FDRk Q U A l J i I i Y COMMEN~ I P i i l I d 3 3 FRAG NAILIGENERAL 1 NAIL/MODERN( WIRE) 1 t I 0 R i Aii ,.-... s I uNE/NATURAL 4 BRICK 1 FRAG SHELLICLAW 5 WOODiBlJILDING RELATED 0 2 1 2 ? FRAk dRKED SHEiL IFOhM IDEidT 02! 5 1 IRGPi F3FK I D E N T I F I A 2 L E 2 3 BOLTS,, $)CREWS, WASHERS, N l j i j IRON FORM I D E N T I F I A B L E ! 8 INCH BENT ROD I R O N 1 4 x 6 IHCH EAG n I S l FRAG IRON 1 1 ALLOY, R I V E T 5 , W;i;HEiiS, Z 9 0 O C O l ) P E ~ FOR/', IDEf4TIFIABLE 4 ALLOY SCREW, U I R E , ELL;:. F!:TIidCOPPER FOR?, I D E N T i F I A B L E 1 aRAkE 5 Y j i r H E T l C MATERiAL , h t , , FL!IG i 'F:" SYNTHETIC PIATERIAL 1 VALVE STEh SYNTHETIC MATERIAL I, L]I ;H~ B[! iF FkfiG SYNTHETiC MATER;&L FF,& GASKET MA:ERI;ji SYNTHETIC MATEG,IAL 2 FRAG COFFER CLAD O A S K E T COPPER f AL STPIP5 OTHER I I E I A L 4 FLASTIC Ch,>S SYNTHETIC MATERIAL 2 2 SEAL! F P A G S M I X IfATEFIA! SYNTHETIC MATERIAL - - - - - - - - - - LEVEL 0 0 3 5 2 ii; CROCK CRSIGY BD 0 0 3 2 1 LARGE C R i ) f i ( , GOES k1TH ITEi.1 1 I R S l G Y 6D 002'; 1 4 0 LG CROCK, GOES WIT: ITEt4 ! CRS/GY E D t , LIGHT 8l.lL2 ih'i,: GLPSLI6ENEfiAL ; F: Eii, 'MAChiNE tlADE-E;,jE 2 - BF: t iTL1 i lACHI i iE MALE-Fr;'AG 3 CLR 2LT/MACHINE MADE-BASE a CLR ETL/i.lACHIr?E :'iADE-NECK -, :,I LLR CRVC GLASSIGENERAL FLAT GLASS ,WINLOW 5 9 MI5C Fi iAL IRON 5 MORTAR 6 STONEINATURAL 2 W0ODIBUILGING RELATED 9 ~ J G ~ T E';! SYNTHETIC MATERIAL I EVEL = D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 ? LTSDC, LT 6Y GLZ INT!EXI CRSiSIDNEWARE 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 LTBOD, LT G Y G L i INT/EXT CRS/STONEWARE 600C00 9 FRSiC:, CRl'b, FOSS L IGHT BULB GLASSiGENERAL 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 :;LR CRVD GLASS/GENERAL 6 3 2 0 0 0 3 RR LIQUOR MINIATURE5 BTLIMACHINE MADE-( WhL j 6 3 2 1 0 0 1 BR ETL i f lACHINE MADE-NECK 6 3 2 2 0 0 5 B.2 BLTI I IPCHINE MADE-BASE 6 3 2 4 0 0 9 2 E,F: ETL IHACHIdE MADE-FRAG 7!0000 I P: J jS SCRElJ N A I L I G E I E R A I '?!0000 I s):? IpjCH EAC, $F RUEELF 1 2 0 s 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 LARSE CHUNK I1DR:AF :30000 4 SMALL FRA6 p1OR;HR B A G - N U M E E g I T E p ; 8 0 $ $ 6 ! 4 8 6 15 8 6 1 6 8 6 17 8 6 16 H A S T E R - CCGE 3 8 g r l c n 9 8 0 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 9 8 0 0 0 C S S O 0 0 0 9 8 0 0 0 0 [! E :, : 9 - FOR)! Q l j A N i I T \ COMEiEi:: I ? : I O N 1 5 x 3 I r j C H F A F E E FkA6 S ' ( I J T H E 1 I C MATESTA; 11 F D S S A S E E S T D S S Y N T H E T I C M A T E 2 I A L 2 P I E C E r j F M A C H I N E E E L i S Y N T H E T I I f i A T E R 1 A L 3 P I E C E OF P L A S T I C S Y N T H E T I i M A T E R I A L I S H A V I N G B R U S H S Y f l T H E T I C H A T E R I A L 3 2 U B B E R WASHER E T T L C A P L I N E R S Y N T H E T I C M A T E R I A L ---------- L E V E L = E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 G Y E O D , T H i K P O T T D , GY G L Z H I F I R E / I R O N S T O N E i G E N E F A l 5 6 B R C R V D G L A S S i G E I t E R A L 14 B R C R V D , E M B O S S E D L T T R S G L A S S / G E N E R A L 7 C L K CRVD G L A S S / G E N E R A L 3 4 L A M F C H I k N E Y F 2 A G G L A S S i G E N E K A L i W I T H P L A S T I C C A P B T L i H A C H I d E H A L E - N E C k 6 E R , W H I S K E Y I f I N I A T U K E BTL / t l nCP!E IE IlkDE-i kll.:l ) 16 F R A G N H I L I G E r d E R A L 1 5"0NG, P O S S S P I K E N A I L / G E V E ? A l B T i i tAI' IF!.;; FdRl< I P E i q i i i i A 6 i E 1 BTTL C A P F3kG I F O N F O K I I I D E N T I F I A B L E i:J T,AH iK,L,;J I R O i i 26, M I S ? FKA!; I R O L cf,Ct F A [ { E E L T , .id: SYCTHE;i l H A i E f i i L L - . . . i!,!>j idEAT;j:",TP;;#;j!:C i ' { N ' " - T i ' ~ f l k , 1 " tlA:EPLl,L T A ~ : F ' ; ~ E ~ c\j?;7, . ? i i i L . M A I E F ! I A I 2 P O S S P A I N T F L A K E 5 SiNidEiiC K,;TERIA, 1 i ? R E G ! l L k R L !JNF S Y r 4 T H E I I : : M A T E S i A L " ? . ? i,Lli 1 p;,<:;[ S Y I T H E : ? C H A T E R I A L LIGHT E ; ' ! c - 0 . r .,L~ r h k b i S Y I j T H E I I C n,:i;Ek:Al 2 E L E L 3 1 2 E AN:: I N 5 U i A : J $ C S Y N T H E T I C n A T E P i K E;TL C A P L I f I E F , S S Y N T K E T J ; f i ,q; thIA; 3 T H F E A D - L I I ; E FIEEii SYI.{ jdE:IC n j , T E h ; i l - ----- i E k T ; J R E I 21 - - L E V E L ,jF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 4 9 3 0 ;i CE; 6 0 0 0 0 0 5 C L K C R V D 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 AQ T I N T 6 0 0 0 0 0 3 F U S E D C L R 6 ! 0 0 0 0 2 5 7 1 0 0 0 0 7 F R A G 7 ! 0 0 0 0 1 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 S L A T E 7 5 0 0 0 0 2 7 3 0 0 0 0 4 7 6 0 C Q C 2 7 8 0 0 6 4 2 6700C4 S i j O O f i 0 2 1 ) F R A & F,Ii.JI; WHTWR/B:NEKAL G L A S S i E E N E R A L G L A S S i G E N E R A L G L A S S I G E N E R A L F L A T G L A S S ,WINDOW N A I L I G E N E R A L N A I L / G E N E R A L S T O N E I t i A T U R A L S T O N E / N A T U R A L MORTAR B E I C l ; BAG- NUMBER !TEK - - i / 5 77 7 7 7 8 7 7 9 7 7 : 0 77 - 1 1 - - - / 1 1 2 7 7 1: 7 7 i 4 7 7 ! 5 7 i 16 7 -3 I i ! 7 - - i / 1 8 7 - 1 1 - , 1 Si - - / / i 0 i 7 h l L ? FORM @UANTITY COMKENT 3 CLR: SR' j3 , T % 5 CLR CRVD 1 PALE GN CRVD 1 WH! T? - - - - - - - - - - 3 L ; , / L c r , , r , = c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , -, ,., ~ i. L t> L I \ 'f . 2, 1: $: \/ [j 1 i i l : / c - , .-r 1.1 F , q A c - - 1 SLATE DESCR- I F T I O N GLASSIGENE~A! GLASS/GENERkL GLASSIGENERAL BOTTLE, ROUND E A j E FLAT GLASS,WINDOW I4AIL/GEp{ERAL MI LIGENERAL MORTAR BR I Z I< STONEiNATURAL C L i N K E P I i S A L CLiNKEP:CZA! OTHER M E T A L OTHER IIETk! EONE/FRG&fiENi r C Q ~ ~ q j ~ 'C C Q - '>: 1 , ~LLIL,, ? ! L C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; ~ h j , G:}'C" L r ~ k i i 3 '3 3 7 1 0 0 0 0 Ff?6 I4AILIGENEFAL 9 9 4 9 1 0 0 0 5 1 F L T F i ' i IRON $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FC'TupC : 2 ; -- LEVEL = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L t i I IL : 9 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 BFF GOD, ER G!Z i l ( i ; .ht?C :KT($;\ EkRjHE/.INI;;IE 9 3 2 1 3 2 0 0 0 1 CfiYWRIGENEhAi 9 3 3 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 WdIWEiGENERAi 9 3 4 2001309 0 9 3 5 2 LTBfJD cRS/STOIJEkARE 9 3 K J 6 1 0 0 0 0 5 2 FLAT 6L;ISf, !kI/q[iO15 5 3 6 6 3 0 0 8 3 EOTTLE, R(!!!riC F h b , & 9 3 7 7 1 0 0 0 0 28 FRAI; NAILIGENERAL 9 '1 b 91 0 0 0 0 1 FRAG WITH SLATE IR( ih 9 3 9 75000c' ! SLATE W I T H IRON 5klC'E STONEJNATURHL 93 1 0 1 ll.lfl(!b / PLASTER -, n I . 1 1. I , A . . ' : I ,:,I c ,, <-#-I lvi,$i i :,,j. L : , . ~ I , ~ , , [- , ,?; <" c ,I:.. .,, !I, ,, , , f ,.... ,:: ! ,(: .. I,. '[I" I . I : : . : : 11 ...... .:ii.. :i:::r;. t::. .'ii.. 11 'Ii :; ,:., 1 li::: :tm 'k *' './, " " . / I ........ 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B A G - ~ A S T E R - NUMBER I T E M COPE F O R M 1- S Q U A P E = S O E 5 11 1 1 111 2 111 * 111 4 11 1 5 !I! 6 11 1 7 111 8 111 9 !!I 10 11 1 !I !!I 12 111 13 !:i ! 4 111 15 ' 1 1 - - - 1 b 111 17 111 18 1 1 i 1 l 19 I!! 2 0 111 21 1 1 1 - - - 22 111 0 i .I 111 2 n 11 1 2 5 111 26 11; 27 111 ? 6 11 1 2' 111 10 l i: 3 1 1 1 : ?'I - - - J L 11 1 3 3 111 34 11 1 35 111 36 111 37 1 1 1 - - - 38 111 39 ' 1 1 - - - 40 111 4 1 111 42 11 1 4 3 111 n d 111 4 5 11 1 - - - 4 t 111 4 7 111 4 5 11: 4 9 111 50 S A L b 0 l . l BOD C R S E A R T H E N W A R E R E F I W E T SN G I ? CRMWR/GEi,.'"; CRMWR; ANNULAL CRMWR,'GEL'EFRL P - W A R E i L E N E Q A l P - W A R E I P O L Y C H R i F;hSAN; j ? - W A R E / S H i i D G - 8 L & W d T W H T W F J G E V E R A L W H T U R I G E N E P I L W % T W ? i 6 E N E E A L WiiTWic/HN@PT-G[i i : i i ;~ i WHTWF 'TFp' f . !F: ; 'k-U[ j&i E L W H T W R / S % L F G 6 P P E O D , DL E f i PP C L i R E F I H E ; E;?,hYHE[( iJr iRE R [ I O ~ I ~ , ~ t ? e i ~ l ~ ? K E F I I J E D EARTHEI.ILJA$E HE%S W / # 1 7 , ! C , 1 9 F O R WHL ?!i H I F I R E / I R O N S T ? N E / G E N E K A ! ii'I F I R E 1 I P O t : 5 T O N E I G E N E R A i H I ; : ? E : I I ~ $ V E l O N E i 6 i f l E R A L L T 6 Y B O D , A N L R GROOVE;,BF; D E C C R S I G Y B D G Y e?[i CRSj'l;Y E 3 POR/I.INDIS:]I.{";.ii j H E G !T E L C R V D $LA:,: ' [E ! jER&L A a C i i V C G L A S S / G E N E P ) , L EME LT;:, G L A S S / G E f l E P A ! ,-;';I ,.- . G L A S S / G E N ' F A L BF( c R \ ; C E L ~ S S , ' I < E I J E ~ A L E ; O T T L E , F : , J : I ~ FR45 F L A T G L A S F ,)::!4iiOlJ FF:;': ;J:,::/GEbjfi:,i: N!,IL, SEtjf ;,:,'. I d A I l ; k 3 p E i / : , j r, c.Ti1.E .'.'I "C,.If - l ~ t i l ~ / ~ 2 ~ : , ~ ; < ~ : . 7 7 ! U T ANC B O L T I R O N FOP/: I D E N T I F I A B L E S M A L L F R A G I R O N i D " , j :,,'.'I 4 " b J l R E PLASTEF: W I T H P I E C E OF G L A S S MORTAR MORTAR S L A T E S T O M E ~ N ~ T U R ~ L S T O N E i N A i U R A L B R I C K C E R A M I C S E U E R P I P E W O O D I B U I L D I N G RELATE[ ; B R A S S F O R H I D E N T I F I A O L E A V H N W I R E 1.iITi-i I N S U L A T I C I I CL?PPER F O R 2 I C I E N T I F i A E ! E 1 . 5 " T H I ' W:kE C O P P E R FORM I i l E L ! ' I I F I A B L E S L A G O T H E R M E T A L IJHT ?if,Si!i: 5 Y N T H E T : C MATEZI ,L ,L BONEIFRAGMEI ! ! I T E M 5 ! 5: 53 5 4 5 5 5 6 57 58 5 s a o 61 6 2 63 2X3X4 " C H U N K CLOTH 7 x 6 " ASFAHLT S H I N G L E FRAG E i T ! C A P P I E r E OF P L A S T l C M'TAL C L A S F , 5VrI'F !-i:iEL ; : -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 R D B G P , [La GLZ ,-- , ; > I - - - , > , - I RDBUC, i l k GLZ z! C E C CLR CRVD i P g N T I l MARK, RL T I N i 1 E L T I K T 1 TUHBLER 2 L T GN C9VD 9 22 F R h b 3 F L A T FRAG DESCR- I F ' i l i j N E ( i ! . i E T E E i i , B O N E I F I S % S H E L L I O Y S T E R S H E L L I 3 Y S T E R S H E L L I F R A G M E N ? S H E L L I E l l i E CRAB C L I N K E R I C O A L C L I N K E P I C O A L S Y N T H E T I C M A T E R I A L S Y N T H E T I C H A T E R I A L S Y N T H E T I C H A T E R I A L S Y N T H E T I C M A T E R I A L SYNTHET!C M A i E R 1 4 L A - + : . v j j ' ~ ~ ; T p z GiT I . k S EARTHEIiW$,RE REF!IiE[] EfiflHEh'ldA?E CRMWRIGErlERAL CRMWS!GEKEK4L fP f i I . I~ '~ ;J [L l ' I i L ,~ F:-iib2[;'$E;JE;,-'i1 (.-wA::E, G:i\;F; P - i ~ A P E : T K H S i R ; - ~ i i . . 1,. 3; WET:,j2,'C[:(;i,;L WHTW2IGENERAL W H T W T ; / H # [ : F ~ - ~ ~ I ' ~ E L ; , ~ W ~ ? k ~ / i R ~ I S : ? P R - . l ~ WHTWR/GEflERAL WHTWRiTRNjFRPF-Ul \ !LL 8~ W H i W R i i R N S F R P R WHTLD/TRNSFFPp YW-i j{ ,RE:'GEfiEPAi i p s / k y CRS/GY ED G L A S S I G E N E R A L G L A S S I G E N E R A L GLASSIGENERAL G L A S S I G E d E R A L GLASSIGENERAL B O T T L E , ROUNL F R A G F L A T G L A S S , i J I N 0 0 K N A I L I G E N E R A L I R O N HORTAR S T $ l { E / N A T l I R 4 L E:,:il!! ,, K ;., 5 ;: 14; S ~ E i i i O Y S T ' : k SHE;: /FF;l<~[pJ; R'JiJi !F 1 j H P ] P E - E i j u L i F : >! ORG4k!I: I.IAiE?iki BAG- I I A S T E R - NUMEET: iTEll C?i!E FOKV Q V A r 4 T ; i \ COMrlEi-IT 11 5 2 7 1 0 0 0 0 1 FRAC 115 3 310COO 2 F L i . 7 FRAG 1 1 5 - - 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 ER C R V D 115 5 j5i :$05; 1 ! 1 5 5 8 2 0 D 0 l j 11 9 1 11 8 2 11" 1 1 3 - - 4 119 5 11 8 6 116 7 118 8 l l ? S I 1:' F R A G 2 F L A T C-WARE/HND?T-UKDERGU E L P O R I C H I N E S E ,BLUE ON WHITE F L A T GLASS ,WINDOW N A I L / G E N E R A L !Rot,' EF::CK zfJNE/FfiAG!iEtj: jhE!;/OYSTEk t r iqc , ,. . . j,; 8:~; F F ~ G G ! 4 i S / G E / f E h k l 1 E $ T T l E , 20IjNC: FP$L 16 F R 4 6 NAIL!GEdERAL 2 MORTAR 2 S I O N E i N A T U R A L 7 E O N E i F R A G M f N i 2 S H E L L I O Y S I E R :PA: jd[LL/O?Si:p CgAf;l:I:IAL % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L E V : - C--.--------------------------------------------------- L L - L 121 4 * IJOOSIC! 1 EiRliD R E F I N E D EARTHENWAKE 1 ' 1 ii. 2 5 1 0 0 0 0 ~ $ 4 ; ~ I ;E -E~~ ;L , 'FLN 1 2 1 7 5 ip9 ,34 1 1 F I F ' E - S T E f l / p L N 4 i.:. r' 1 % - & L 4 6OfiC3:. 1 8 i T L 2 ' , E , pC:i;TIl !j$,P\\ GLG55,'G:NEFAi 121 C J 6 0 ~ 0 ~ - 3 I HEC,',"~ PATINA GLASS/G:HERAL ,<'';- ,,, , ,I, :: :,, ,I, 11, , .$\ :, 81:. r 11 , ;,, ; , , :: : . . , , ,:.::, ' 1 , .,., I , : : , , : 1:: . . : . , '1 , I,, : : , , I ' : j I /,- "11 / I . 1':' ' 111'~~ 1, ac::. ,, ,(:: ::., 11 ,, '-11 I!': .,:,' ,I ;i',' 1, J: ' , 1,. ,!; ;:,, '; ,, ,j[ .ii ,:;, ..... , . . n.. li .. I " . " I I . 11 ' : , 1 , ; ; , , 1 , , !I i B A E - i t A S T E P - NUMBEf; I T E M 1:;''. FORM Q!!Ai.ITI:Y CIIMMEI~: x - SQ!IARE S@E1C -- FEA'lipC r - - LEVEL z - - - - - - , . . L 7 8 1 2 2 5 0 0 0 L 7 8 2 300CO0 1 7 5 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 BR CRVD 7 8 4 6 1 0 0 0 0 2 7 8 5 6 2 0 0 8 3 1 ?S 6 7!0000 1 7 8 7 7 3 0 0 0 0 2 7 8 6 7 5 0 0 0 0 2 7 5 9 8 1 0 0 0 9 1 7* i ? 1 0 8 2 0 0 0 1 6 7 6 1 1 ??00\?4 7 1 , *) . - 950OCiO 1 SLAG 1 SLAG 1 PENNY 4 1 7 INCH ROD 1 8 INCH FOLDED WIPE ! 1 INCH DISK 1 LlJMF 5 PLASTIC FRAG 4 AL F O I L , G L Z RET;'W:,G GENE!.;: FDR/UNDISTINGU!SHEP GLASSiGENERkL FLAT G L A S S ,WillC;OW EOTTIE , ROIINC~ FRkG NAIL/GENERAL M0RTAFl STONE/NATUkAL BOi\iE,'FRAGIlENT SHELL/OYSTER CLINKERlCOA! O T H E R MET41 C R j / l I l J G L ; iRS:IMT F5; 611 IF:S!!'!T p5; GLZ CFrAIWR/GENE/ /.,; P9R'CIIP.iESE ,ELI.!: 9); & H I T ! hkbSS iGE[dEFAi GLA$, ( N E R A I [ ! A ; biASS,hI\[ ., I?IR60F " CF T k, ; - T . .:, I LJ I! C i I( A ? ;i k, E L ! : ; BCil\lE/'if?iCr";E!!T L!:j;,E ' ; : : 7 2 -. , SHELL!G,/;TE2 SEEfS/N!.!Tj ( i F . E T I F g ( : CL INKEp 'm:?A,L OTHER METAL COPPER FOFII I D E N I I F I A E L E ;IIAiL,/GENERAL IRON I R 1r4 IRCIN IRON SYNTHETIC MATEP,!A! SYNTHETIC k A i E R I A L . , I-! 8 , : j .. . -1 /'<'\ ,::; 1 .$, 1 ,-, , 1 t , ,<: 1': . , . , . , . ......." I".'.::" c':::;" *'..: .,#. .,J, .ji: ,,, cH :,,, ,: ,: f ,,,, !i:i:i. :::i. :I::;. $;,.. .::i !p,;,;! $:;.;h , , I... c:: ..... "7 ,... ,11'1' I:::::. i l ( ,..jl . . . . . . . , (L,.,\ ;' ;~,:::!li 11. ,,,I4 .,,, ,, I, ... H. .<.':: , . I . : : I ii.. ,I ,... #, ,..,. 1. I/:,, :I, ;;;,,,, .,. v,.:::.:,, . ,.. lrv~'li a,l:,, 11 ,,,, jl if:::::ll /j::::c:l, .... 1 1 11:::::' I/::..:, li:,:::!Il ' 11' ...II . 11,. ,,, !I:::.'. 1 .... . 11, t., ,!' ,I ...... 11 ....... .-.ll.. :.lI.. I[" !I:::.:.. P ' i l c::: . ..... "::.;.!' '"1. I " . . I I , I , , ; if!:':!l, 11 ,,,, I/ ,,,,, "'/I' /I::::;;:: :://: /p',#14/, ,I::: :$gl;: ,,,, jl , 1:)) :::,,::: : : : . : 7,: I,:;:::: .,,,,,,, i(:':::ll ii'ii"' :;]i 11::, 7' BAG- NUMEER SO 5 0 8 0 5 0 F 0 8 0 6 0 8 0 8 0 /q;:p- CODE 7!00CC 7 3 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 1 8 7 0 0 0 2 9 7 0 0 0 4 88150; 5 8 0 0 3 0 9 8 3 0 0 0 FORr? QUANT!;Y COHMErlT h FRAG 5 2 1 1 5 2 TOOTHBRUSH P I E C E , 5 ROOFIrjG M A T E R I k i ! Cli WIPE DESCR- I P T I O M NAiLIGENERAL MORTAR BRICK SHELLiOYSTER SEEDS/NUTS ( S P E C I F ? ; CLINKERICOAL W/O BRISTLESWRKED BONEIFORM IDENT PREHISTORIC HATERIALS SYNTHETIC MATERIAL ? SCALLOPED R i R , CLk " 1 dL h ':xSi G C N C ~ ~ ! L L r i ~ ! ENTIFF NEI:I: AriD L!F E C i T L E , RfiIJNC iq:!:; 1 i A0 T INT CRVG 2 2R CRVCi i 13 21 FRAG r .! ! '> ? . FKAG ?: 1 CL:/i/;ET: ! i FLT FRAG 2 FPA:; 1 P C 3 YUUkRE C ~ ~ W R I G E I ~ E R A L !J/HTWP/GEMEkJ,k H I F I E E ! I R O N S i ~ J N E I 6 E ~ E K A i POR/[I/~[II~T!/~!?!:ISHEP ? A < , : /': l J E N E ~ A L IGIRSS/BENEKAL FLAT GLASS, WIPIPSL~ BOTTLE ROI.Jb;D FRA; NAILIGENERAL NAILIGENERAL PLASTER I10RTAR STONE!NATURAL B P J l i : BOliE/FRAGtIENT P I P Z - S T E / l i F L N 5 / 6 4 " :HELL/I':'ST[R SHELLIOYSTER CLINKER,'C3P41 CL !NKER/ l i , h i IRON BRASS FORM I D E N T I F I A E L E REFINED EARTHENWARE $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LEVEL . G - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 92 1 1321:100 1 CkMWR! GENERAL 9 2 L ! 34003 0 0 3 2 1 WHTURIGENERAL 9 2 J l 0 0 0 0 FR AG MAILIGENERAL 9 2 4 7 6 0 0 3 5 1 BRICK 92 5 82000: 1 5iiELL:OYSTER 9 2 6 8 1 0 3 3 0 2 B0NE:iRAGHENT LEVEL = 9 7 1 ]242(1[ 1 EL[,:' 97 ajo$C; 1 97 5 0 3 3 ~ ; ~ : 3 GN T I N T ; CRVS 97 4 ijO001)0 1 CLfi CRVC 9 7 5 63009: ! 9 7 ;t,0000 5 W8TWRIHbDFT-GENERA1 c l h i P I ,ACC 1 L n , J L r i , , ,WINDOW GLASSiGENERAL GLASS/GENERAL BOTTLE, RO!lND FRAB E Q i c i ; I:' ,, . ., .. , 1. 1;. :.:I' .I:.:::'. 'c ...... ..]I. .-I1 I 4 , i : : I I ,, i y ; I : , : , " , : : . . , . .,L: .... l/,,,,,,Jl /I!,:::,, 11 '!:;:!;,, "'Ii' I[..,,,: /#::,, 1 !, [i'" ,' :! ... " ," : I [OF!', $ ' J A N T I T ' : ifii.IMEi.!T Q 13 FRAG 1 SLAG 7 1 2 CIA;! 8 2 4 2 Ei'j IRON LEVEL = I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 1 ! ':!R CRVD i i r 1 . - - - - - - - - - iE{,'EL : ; --------. - - - - - - - - : C L F : i L : V ; . < $212 P I I L K GLfiS:,Fj, Ph l I jTE [ ! [i]rj i FRAG > 1 dy ; D E S C R - I P i i b f i [A:; ;GEdE-';,, - - OTiiE!? HFYAL BONE/FRAGMEb!' EOr\lE/iEETH SHELciELUE C R A F , SHELL/FRA~I?EI~ I PLASTER STOl4E/NA?URAL STONE!NATUPAL J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - LEVEL 2 105 i 9Og;0 ; .,..' a .... , JLL - ,. . . . - - . , i a . c , " 5;; " ' 7 P,K 2 1399$:. ' V i Ci;[$fl:;,p; ;i ;,i_: 1 c 5 1 'j 4 p ,;! 1; 1 0 5 4 2 2 2 3 3 1 BL DEC, il{es[m, R H E N I S j 1 0 5 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 EL D E C ? PUSS AflEPICArl !05 6 2350113 3 1 0 5 i 2 3 5 0 0 0 00;: 1 HLD 1 0 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 9 i t !? CRY0 1 0 5 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 4 GN T I N ? , CRVD 1 0 5 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 DK AMB, CRVD 1 0 5 11 6 1 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 5 1 2 6 3 0 0 8 2 1 1 0 5 1 3 6 3 0 0 9 3 1 7 1 0 5 1 4 7 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 FRAG I 0 5 1 5 9 1 0 0 0 0 2 5 f l FLAT FRAG I 0 5 1 6 (110393 C; L !.! ~ p :, 1 0 5 * 7 A i 31o3p1) " " KC;, ! 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S P E C I F Y j S H E L L / O Y S T E R I:I:~~KEF;'COAL GLA;S;GENERAi E R k S S FORM I D E N T I F I A G L E E R A 5 5 F0kI.i I [ ! E l i ' l ] F I A E L E B R A S S F O R M I D E 1 4 T I i l A E L E 1 - 14 t ; 6 1.; L. A R 3-8;) , R , ~ ~ , ~ / I F N S F R P R - U N G ~ -,t E L dpT;lr, ; p , I i. E Pi]Ri(rTHER C g i N E S E ; IFE-Rl] idLjf lLC:i i F I P E - S T E M i P L N 51 '64 " h i f i $ , L / h E ~ i F > h L ;LA:' .(-/,E'." J J I J L ?~IL 6LFijiGENEhAL FL+,T G?kj;,Wii.(t,)W EOTTLE, POUNF FFAi N A i L / h E i ? 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CLR,THK,FLAT 1 2 5 0 0 5 f.$?Oc$ 1 CLR C R V D 1 2 5 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 ~ 7 ae c ~ v e 1 2 5 0 0 8 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 2 5 0 0 9 6 3 0 0 6 3 3 1 2 5 0 1 0 ;:(;OCC 2': F S A G I 2 5 9 1 1 9 I 0 0 0 6 5 125 $12 73000C 125 013 760OCC 1 2 5 O i 4 75900;' I :#LATE 1 2 5 $1" 753p3 : 1 2 5 Giti ;:,j;;<; i d $ZOO; 1 2 5 C!li C f i 12.5 9:s 6 7 G , ] O & J 125 012 $ig;c,; : ~:LINI,E: 125 020 9)Oitfi; fj,{(;{:jjl <,(,F;L$; [A(.,; 1 2 5 0 2 1 9;:; 2 : I Ni.'T REFINED EARTHENkL,?E GENEPAL E-WAKE CRSIGY ED POR/OTHER GLASSIGENERAL GLASSIGENERAL GLASSIGENERAL FLAT GLASS,WItiD?W BCT:LE, ROUND F R A 5 PlAIL/GEt~/E4AL IRg}; MORTAI: B P i l K STONE/riAT!lhb_ STONE/NATUF,AL BI].IE.'FRAI',~E:>~~ SHELLIOYSTER CLINKER;: ;,$<: CLIIdSE4 'LC;, ?P',:; f C F X IZE>;Tl;;;4[;E L i ' . , J BFASS F G R H ISEij: i ' lL,&'f 'r.::::: , , , .u ti:;,,,:)^ ,\I ... .I\:::., ,c..:,.' , , .,. c... 11 !I,:::;,, -;,,a'r* >:, *,.:::::,, , ..,. [[:;;:;I( 11 ..,,.< \i c!:!i; \I::::;? .... u,.. ;I::: ;i\:;;:: li!:::,; '"l!" ,..li.. 11 ,,,,,,. {;!;!; ",, 10 'I:'" .... 11 ,,,,,, ...\b. :,I[ "'11' !I:'::' )...... il'.,'ll I <::::: ....,..p ..I::,, t y " ' , ,,.ll ,: "11, ,, .[I, , I: ,,,. 8 :: ,..., 11 ,,,,,,, "'11'' I$:::;;; ::I/;: il'~~*"li I[::: ; : I 1 , 1 1 ::]I ..::.:: .::::.: .,,. ,,;, ::,. .., . ... .,, ,I:::::,. ..,.. ,, ../I, a:. ::rl ; I : ' :]I. .. .I!::,. !" EAG- MASTER- N!!MEER :TEH [(][I[ FI:Rlj Q!IA[jTITY CI)MMEN~ DESCR- v , T , n , z i p # .!b 2 - SQUARE $!@E15 -- FE;ITIJgE : -- LEVEL = A : 3 6 1 2 3 5 0 5 5 0 0 3 2 1 BEAD Ar4D REEL REF/WSG-MOLDED 1 3 6 2 3400(!:1 $33: ! POROUS, HAND DEC POR/OTSEF' 1 3 6 3 a 0 0 8 0 9 1 HILL GLASS GLASS/GENERA! . , 1 33 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 ? F L T , THK, BLK BACKING GLASS/GENERAL 5 1 3 6 6 5 0 0 8 3 , E O T i L E , ROUNb FRAG 136 6 71332,; 3 I b I i I E E N E R A L 1 3 6 7 , - , , , , J 3 FRAb N A I L i G E f 4 E F h i - I 3-, .? ; fi 1 9 IJI? 8 7 2 0 0 3 0 5 P i 4 5 T E R 1 3 9 73rJQOO ! W I i H H A I L Ai l2 ESRICI: FRAG RiIRTAR 136 19 96000C 3 CERkEiC ELEC INSULATCIP FRAG S:'l\i';HETIC I lATERIAL '9 '> L I 1 - r l ? , n .? i l ! #?, ,. , I. . 1 [ERAVIC P I P E * * , I :Ij 12 a l o o 0 3 + . - . .ii Bi?NE/FkC~K:L!l h?'1${;1 131-1 1 :: . - ' : , p ~ l i ;i;'y;,~~p ! ; t , ! 4 o o ! ~ , ? ~ 0 2 1 2 1 WFi:ED S H E L L / F g i b nn. ,n. 136 1: 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 HA;:; R Q ~ ~ E R , "FS;. : s o ] " SYr j iHET i ! N A i E R I A L 135 I t 9S35C; 1 2 7 F C , I : T PLA5T;: SYIITfiE':IC i { A i f k i ; i k 1?b ? 7 9100GS' LARGE DIAF1 P I P E FRAG T ; i R E A D E L IPll14 ; 9 5 1 6 9 1 0 0 0 1 -. I iJASiiEP5 i 2 O N FOP/.: i i l .Et iTIFI ; i '? lE 1 3 6 1 9 , $ l f i O f i j 1 ? V I R E IRON FORW ICEI 1 3 6 2 1 9 2 0 0 0 j ( ERAS5 SCPEI.;, RHD HEAC BRAS!, FORPI I D E i l T I F I A 2 L f 1 3 6 '9 L L 9 4 0 0 0 0 ,) . . C . t COLLAR, POSS PL!!MEIHI, LEA[ ; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LEVEL = E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 5 0 0 0 0 2 SLATE ;FAG STONE/NAT!JFX 7 1 0 0 0 0 115 likI!!CEMERAL 75@0@C S i A i E R l j0F Ib i$ PIECE $iONE/NATURAi , 9 ' 0 p r l j , i . ., ,, 1 F I F E , 1 " DIAM, 1.5"gNk JP3N F O R p l I D E B S I f I A E L E 9 1 ,:) 9 ?I [, 4 514 :,-: ci...; I i v n i lpoW 9 1 ~ 0 ( ( : ; BAR FRA65 ;,??iii 4'' :F3!? 9100OC 1 F I ~ S S F R A M E F R A G , 3 "mi c. iPJl, , r h j 60$Oot l ::4 F! ih T,y[!- CEfiG O R G ~ N I I f l A i E $ i A _ 6 7 0 0 0 0 , . 9 i,i$ip:, FLAIjT FEkj:;;: ..:,,:,:." .t b i'L ! ' - 1 I L 9 2 0 0 0 1 ~ 2 1 4 E R ~ S S FYY~ IDE~TIFIAELE 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 e $ A S S FOR11 I D E N T i F I A E L E 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 i POSS GLASS GLASSiGENERAL 6 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 1 2 1 MILK GLASS GLASSIGENERAL 6163Co 4; Sfl FRAGS FLAT GLASS ,WINDOW 6 0 0 0 0 0 21 i nb / F:AGS G! ASSiGENERAL i00BOC o r i R C R V D GIASS/GENERAL 8!O@C3 ! 2 . 5 X 3 " 8 A G SCALES E9NE/F I S H 8 4 0 0 0 4 1 FRAG TONGUE DEPRESSOR WORKED ,FORM !DENTIF I E C 9 6 0 0 0 0 1 PLASTIC COlIE TOOTH SYNTHETIC MATERIAL ~ 2 f i r ] 0 3 i 5HELL/ELL!E CRAP 5 i 0 0 0 0 310 FRAGS BONE/FPAGREIiT 81(10(,4 t, BOb!E/TEFTH 6 4 0 0 0 2 " l i CHARCOAL 8 2 0 0 0 1 b SHELL/?YS:ER 52,;,P;; A ' 7. SHELL/FRAGIlENT 7 5 0 9 0 0 i: S~~NE,!NATI!RAL ! , , . / 8 , ., . I I. ;. ,. . i I ' i,_, i ' . .i : I , . : ,~ . .., " .,. 8 11.. :I1 ,l::!i!;i K.; .ii, ,Jl. -1;: : 1 ,..ii ,, ,. I/,,,: .,;, ,.ii ,!., . ;, ,,!I ,, ..:i ill! ,,,,! ;[;::;? . , * c t . t d ' , ,:,:y .,! .,:: .,.. .a:, , . 2. ,.... '. ...... 5 ' ,,'%s, 1 ,I. . -... ., .. ;)' 11 , . ..,..I. , " .c:::" .. , . ; I I I , , , , i I I , ,: L : ' , ... .j, ii:i:..ljl I!,,, 11 il!:.::!l; j i . t; ,I 11'. , / / / / 11 , , / L .," ;/ : , i , 11 , ,,]I,, 11' ;):;.. ;[',,'']/ 1:::::. .. . , , , , " 8 ' I I I ; I , . . I I , s I :/I ,,,. . 'i . . I I 1 1 , I,. I, I I I :( ::,:I !, '11 ,,:i- y;K" !$' 1 L T G Y B O D , PO55 B R N D [, - :, .: 1: - IPT!OII 63;;LE(Ck3 OL 6 N j CRS;'G;' 63 P L A S T E R B R I C K WH?WR/GENERAL W H T W R I G E N E R A L WHTWRi A f l N U L A K R E F I S T O K E W A R E L E V E L = r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! 4 i 1 7 1 0 0 0 C 6 F R A G I I A I L I G E N E R A L 141 2 5 2 0 0 0 1 2 S H E L L l 0 Y S T E R i 4 ! , 7 5 0 0 0 C i 4 S T O N E / N A T U ? A L 14 1 4 94;39~ 1 FOSS S H C T L E A L 1 4 1 c3 A - q A . . ,; 4 LJ \; 1 1 . - BONEIFRAGMEI ! ; 1 4 1 6 130202 ! RDBC;[:: ~i.i 3,; R E F I N E D E A K T H E I ~ W A ~ E .:"!:',, ,(., , .;,, .{I:, ,,:,,:.,,:,,,;/I I/ ;,, ,,, ;,,, 1' ::, : ,. ,, , 1 , 1 ! : . : . : , ' . / ' I , , I ' 1 : : 11 ../I :.)I ,")I" 4::: I/l,,,,*jj .., . .., . ,.... . . . . . . . ' .. . ... . .. . . .. ,,.., , .. ., mc:: , , , 1: , ' , , , , 1 , 1 : : 1 . : ;fit": 11 ,, 11 ,,,,,, 11 11::; ':'ll:' ip~~"il 1;:: :I::::;;, c::::li 11, ..J ,,ci::ji ,,. ::LC::::: ..,,,_ 18 .,,l1., - v:::::,, ..... _. ll',:.. .. :. I] ..::. . ), ':I' EkG- MASYER- NUMBER I T E Y COD: FORM QUANTITY COMMENT 8- SQliARE = S15E.5 -- FEATURE = 1 4 5 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 I 4 5 3 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 4 5 4 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 4 5 5 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 4 5 6 1 3 4 1 0 0 ! 45 7 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 5 5 2 0 0 0 6 1 4 5 9 SO0000 1 4 5 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 I 4 5 - 1 1 - 6 3 0 0 6 3 1 4 5 12 7 1 0 0 0 5 1 4 5 / _. i 5 72000C 1 4 5 1 4 73?00( j 145 ! 5 7 5 0 0 0 0 14: 1 i. 760001' 1 4 5 17 81OOOCi 1 4 5 1 6 rj100i13 1 4 5 19 $ 2 0 0 9 1 145 2 0 $ 7 0 0 ~ 4 -- LEVEL = R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 IJHT BOD, L T GL!, WEATHERED 1 EN SHLEDG, POSS PRLWR 1 EL DEC 1 GN GL! 2 1 POLYCHROME 1 FE I N GLZ 1 I! CLR CRVD 11 7 5 A - 6 5 r F k ' i C . - - - - - - L E V E L = r , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 P O D , CLR FB b!Z 1 FSfgi;, EX1 CLP, IN: I l i T L P FE 1 FlJiE[i i 1 1 1 1 DESCR- I P T I O N REFINED EARTHENWARE REFINED EARTHENWARE WHTWR/GENERAL WHTWRiGENERAL WHTWR/GENERAL WHTWR/ANNULAR CRSIGY ED PIPE-STEM/FLN 6 / 0 4 " GLASSiGENERAL FLAT GLASS ,WIND?h EOTTLE, ROUND FRb? NAIL/GENERAL P i k S T E P MORTAR STONE/N4Tl!FAL BRICK BONE/FRASl$ENT B @ N E ! F I i I ,5HELL/O:STER CL 'r!i'[RiCOfii HEFINED EARTHENWARE FEFINED EARTHENWAhi GLASS/GENEPL- FLAT GLASS ,UINDOId PIPE-5TEMIPLN 5!64" STONEINATIIRAL BRICK iL !vYEQiCOAL SHEL!/OYSTER FEATLIRE 4 3 - - LEVEL = NF - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 4 4 1 5 2 0 0 0 1 2 h 1 4 4 2 7 1 0 0 0 0 1 9 FRAG I44 3 9 1 0 0 0 0 3 FRAG 1 4 4 4 8 1 0 0 0 0 9 144 5 8 2 0 0 0 0 6 1 4 4 6 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 SLATE 1 4 4 7 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 fi 7 2 0 9 0 0 Q 1 4 4 9 7 h 0 0 0 0 c 144 ! 0 9 6 0 0 0 1 PC\:,: IEqTHER 1 4 4 11 5 7 0 0 0 4 1 4 4 ? 2 p q ? 0 0 0 ! 1 4 4 13 1 5 0 0 0 0 2 SLAG 1 4 4 2 4 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 SHELL!OYSTER N A i LIGENERAL IRON EONE/FRAGMENT SHE!L/FRAGMENT STONE/NATURAL MORTAR F'LAFTEP BFi I l.K SYNTHETIC MATERIAL CLINKFR/COAL WOODIBUILDING RELATED OTHER METAL STONEINATUKAL P E S C P - COMMENT I P T I O N ~ ! $ V ] A M , !I;"~NC S T O N E i W O R K E D , O T ~ E P F L A T G L A S S ,WJND?W CLR CRVL! G L A S S i G E N E P A ! EN B L T / M A C h ' I i i E V A D E - E A S E B N B i L i H A C H I N E M A D E - F R A C T U M R L E R B A S E R E F I W H T S N G L Z WH:WR/GENEFAL REF/WSG G E N E R h L I j , . j , y1.5 1. , ., I . .- :. - I I G k: -> l )y . ! - j c , \., 14 j 15,, ,I.. ..,,, r, -;j, ,,, :. ,! , I ,.. . t':' il ;F:::! ,f:-;.li /. I!.. 1, ;ii :;:;;:;; , ji, ,1y.,k ,!!;;::;k ,(;;:;;I, .-If:' " ' / .;I. ....,... .":,I/. ./. ' ,( ' .. ' . ,:,,,, ,I,,,:,:,, !I ,,,,I/ ll::.: "'11' ,>::,,, '"11" ti::,;;;;; [I!,; ,, I!::..," "'11' ' 11:::,.;,8 !t:,";,, -11 I,;:::'. . , / : y - ; l , llr.,. .-jj:.. , ,(/:::.:!I ,1:,,-:1 [k,;::;,, ,>,,, ), :: ,I::::., ~j:,,:;l! It, 1 1 ti,:"'!li Ij:':,(.l ...I)(.. B::: I(:::::(. . . _ . .. ,)I::::!)) "'/r' ,.,I)... [I,, 11 : : - I . . I(, 10, ,It [I:::':' I . 11 .. .,.ll,, ':i[; "'11' 1 ~" ' " " :.: 11 lt,lll/ 1 ,c::: ....,.,,, ,I! ' , "li.-., 1 : ' , , ' 1 I , 1 : I I, ::: ,I:::..: ..'11 !ti::. 11:;:::' .-ll I,::: ;I, 5' ... ../I 1 I . . .. ,. BAG- MASTEP- NLIMBER ITEM CODE F O R M Q U V J T ! ? Y C0MMEflT DESCR- ? P ? i @ N t- SQUARE = $15E!@ -- FEATURE = -- LEVEL 0 .................................................... 1 3 3 0 0 1 15"')21 0 0 3 1 1 P-WARE/HNDPT-UNDERGL! BL 1 3 3 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 FOSS F IGURiNE HEAD FRAG POR/UND!STINGUISHED 1 3 3 0 0 3 6 1 0 0 0 0 4 FLAT GLASS ,WIND04 1 3 3 0 0 4 7 1 0 0 0 0 3 NAILIGENEQAL 1 3 3 0 0 5 7 2 0 0 0 0 9 PLASTER 1 3 3 0 0 6 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 STONEINATURAL 1 3 3 0 0 7 8 1 0 0 0 0 5 BONE/FRAGMENT 1 3 3 0 0 6 8 2 0 0 0 0 I SHELLIFRAGMENT 1 3 3 0 0 9 9 2 0 0 0 1 1 SHELLIOYSTER . - - - - - - - - - LEVEL = [---------------------------- I LTBnD, CFEAM GLZ 1 1 FRAG 7 0 2 1 2 ! MILK L L A j S I 0 FKAG 2 0 '2 2 b. 6 F P A G PEFINED EARTHENWARE WHTWRIGENERAL PIPE-STEMIPLN 4 / 6 4 " FLAT GL4SS ,WINDOU BOTTLE, ROUND FSb6 GLASS/GENERAL NAILIGENERAL STONE/NATUP41 PI AC,iER B P I 0 AONEIFRUGVEVI SHELLiOY STEP $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LEVEL = D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 150 1 L3400" (1032 1 WHTWRlGENER9L I r n 2 7 2 0 0 0 0 P L A S T E R 159 ? 7!000Ci 1 FRAG NAILIGENERA! 1 5 0 4 76nn0( i 1 PRICK t---------------------------- - - - - - LEVEL = E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 5 1 < h lO@OO c 1 5 1 2 7 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 5 1 3 7 2 0 0 0 0 9 1 5 1 4 7 6 0 0 0 0 4 1 5 1 5 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 1 b 8 1 0 0 0 0 15 1 5 1 7 8213001 7 1 5 1 8 8 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 EGG SHELL 1 5 1 9 5 7 0 0 0 4 b 1 5 1 1 0 9 8 0 0 0 0 1 UhK RND TPFD 1 5 1 1 1 520rtQ5 1 1 5 1 1 2 220Dflr 0 0 ? 5 1 1 5 1 1 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1:' 1 4 1 3 4 0 0 0 FLAT GLASS ,WINDOW NAIL/GENERAL PLASTER BRICK STDNE/NATURAL BONEIFRAGMENT SHELLIOYSTER SHELL/FRAGMENT CLINKER/COAL SYNTHETIC MATERIAL PIPE-STEM/PLN 5 / 6 4 " CRSIGY BD REFISN GLZ WHTWRIGENERAL LEVEL : F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !55 1 h I 0 0 0 0 1 FLAT GLASS jWIld?V,.! 1 5 5 2 7 1 0 0 0 0 ? FRbb NAILIGENEKA! 1 5 5 3 8 1 0 0 0 0 4 BONEFRAGMENT BAG- MASTEP- NUMBEF ITEM rn!F F O P M Q U A N T : ~ ' IOM~IEPIT 155 n 6 1 0 0 0 3 2 SCALES DESCR- I P T I 0 W B 0 N E I F ! 3 H . - - - - - - - - - L E V E L $- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 GLZ GONE R E F I S N GLZ 7 - REFIWHT SN GLZ 2 t i BOD GLZ R E F I N E D EARTHENWARE 2 RDBOD, DK BR GLZ R E F I N E D EARTHENWARE 1 CRMWRIGENERAL 0 0 3 5 1 F E I N L T COLOR GLZ CRSIGY BD 1 B L DEC C R S I G Y BD 0 0 3 2 1 PE'IWSG GENERAL 2 REFIWSG GENERAL 1 P 0 R I U N D I S T I N G U I S H E D 1 SCRATCHED OP ETCHEO P O R I U N D I S T I N G U I S H E D 1 WIRED OVRGLZ DEC 0 0 ? 2 1 THK k i l i i : /dpT TRANSLUSCENT PORIOTHER 1 STEM FR:': P I P E I G E N E P A L ! P I P E - S T E M I P L N 4 / 6 h b 1 P I P E - S T E M I P L N 5 1 6 4 " 2 5 F!AT GLASS ,WINDOW ! I'LP CRVD GLASSIGENERA! 2 GN T I N T CRvD GIASS/GENERAL 5 B O T T L E , ROUND FPA! 3 2 FRAG N A I L I G E N E R A L 1 RDBOD, GrJ BR GL!, POSS S L I P C R S I I N T P B G L i 1 STONEINATURAL 7 PLC;FTFP 106 RONEIFRAGMENT 6 S H E L L I O Y S T E R 3 FRAG S H E L L I O Y S T E R 1 S H E L L I F R A G H E N T RDB?[' f9" 'UNGLZ RDRnD, MTTLD EP C1Z C R S / I N T P E G L ? RDBnD, CLR 6 L Z CRS,/! f lT-EX1 P B G L i C R S I N . DEV GRAV TEMP SLMN BOD, W?,T S L I P SLPLJP/$Ei\ i GLZ GONE R E F I S N G L Z REFIWHT SN G L i P E F I B L - W H T SN 6 1 1 LTBOD S L P W R I S L P CMBD YDBOD, CLR G L i R E F I N E D EARTHENWARE RDBnD CLR GLZ R E F I N E D EARTHENWAPE W H T B O D , ~n FLZ REFINED E A R T H E N W A R E RDBOD, ER G L Z , ANLR S L I P DEC R E F I N E D EARTHENWAPE PnBOL, PP GLZ R E F I N E D EARTHENWARE J A C K F I E L D ? R E F I N E D EARTHENWAPE LT BOD, MLD POLYCHROME DEC R E F I N E D EARTHENWARE L r BOD, Yl4 AND ER CLOUDED DEC R E F I N E D EAQTHENWAPE ~'!p [ I E ~ CRMWRIGEfJER4L CRMWRIGENERDL CRMWR/POLYrHR' PEA!ANT I BAS- NUMBER ITEM 1 6 4 2 2 1 6 4 2 3 1 5 4 2 4 1 6 4 2 5 1 6 4 2 6 1 6 4 2 7 1 6 4 2 8 1 5 4 2 9 1 6 4 3 0 1 6 4 3 1 1 6 4 3 2 I 6 4 .) 9 2 L' 1 6 4 3 4 1 6 4 3 5 166 3 6 164 3 7 1 6 4 3 9 1 6 4 3 9 1 6 4 4 0 1 5 4 4 1 1 5 4 42 !t,4 4 3 1 6 4 4 4 164 4 5 l C 4 4 6 1 6 4 a 7 154 0 4 9 1 6 4 0 5 0 1 5 4 0 5 1 1 6 4 0 5 2 1 6 4 0 5 3 1 6 4 0 5 4 1 6 4 0 5 5 1 6 4 0 5 5 1 6 4 ? 5 7 1 5 4 0 5 8 1 6 4 0 5 9 1 6 4 0 5 0 1 6 4 0 6 1 1 6 4 0 5 2 1 6 4 0 6 3 I 6 4 0 6 4 1 6 4 0658 1 6 4 0 6 5 1 5 4 0 6 7 MASTER- CODE 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 5 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 31002! 3 1 0 0 2 1 3 1 0 0 2 1 3 1 0 0 4 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 1 520[1(12 5 2 0 0 0 5 3 1 0 0 4 3 1200Cl l t 2 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 4 !20004 1:OoOo 1 2 0 0 o e 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 8 3 6 3 0 0 8 2 630OT? 7 1 0 0 0 9 Y l 0 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 0 1 ? 1 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 7 2 0 0 0 0 !50000 7 6 0 0 0 0 7C(0000 8 1 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 4 8 2 0 0 0 1 8 2 0 0 0 1 8 4 0 0 0 2 DESCR- FORM QUi3l4TITI' COMMENT IPTI014 I MTTLD RR SLZ CPS/GY ED 0 0 3 2 1 MLD EL DEC CRSiGY BD 1 MLD, B t DEC CRS/GY BD 1 PARALLEL GROOVE DEC, MTTLD BR CPS/GY ED 0 0 3 1 1 MTTLD BR G L i CRS/GY ED 2 REFINOTTINGHAM 1 8 REFIWSG GENERAL 0 0 3 2 1 REFIUSG GENERAL 0 0 3 2 2 DDB REFIWSG-MOLDED 0 0 3 5 1 POR/UND!STINGUISHED 2 PORIUNDISTINGUISHED 7 PORICHINESE ,BLUE ON WHITE 0 0 3 5 2 PORICHINEqE ,BLUE ON WHITE 0 0 3 2 d PORICHINESE ,BLUE ON WHITE 0 0 3 2 ' RD OVRGLZ LIh:E5 POR/OTHER CHIflESE ? STEM FRkG PIPE/GENERh! 2 FRAG 4 P I P E - S I E M I P L N 4 / 6 6 ' 5 P IPE-c~TEM/PLN 5 / 6 4 " ! RD OVRSLZ DEC PORIOTHER CHINE5F OC?? 1 CPSIUNGL; 1 RDBCO. CLR GLZ CYS!]NT PB GL] 1 RDBOD, BR 11t4TE[l 6: CRS/INT-EXT PP 612 1 RDBOD. D K 6 R G L i CRS/INT-EXT PB GL! 0 0 3 2 i FCOC, CRMWK, GLZ liEATHEREr REFINED EARTHENUARE ! RDBOC, G L I I?FhTHERED CRS/!NT-EXT PB GbZ HEAbY PAT!NA GLeSS/GENERAL 9! FLAT GLASS ,WIN00k 37 B P T T I E , ROUND FRAG 1 BOTTLE, ROUND BASE 1 CASE BOTTLE ,SQ. ,FRAG !2? FPAG NAILiGENERAL 1 SAW BLADE IRON FORM I D E N T I F I A B L E ! WASHER IRON FORM I D E N T I F I A E L E 1 POSS EYELET IRON 1 2 r ! Y U M P IRON 1 4 ~ 5 ? K PIECES PLASTER ! 3 STONEtNATURAL 9 BRICK ! 5 x 4 r I . 5 Y L A B ,APPROX MORTAR 2 7 0 BONE/FRAGMENT 5 BONE/TEETH 2 6 SHELL/DYSTER 2 7 FRAG SHELL /OYSTER i B I T S CHARCOAL * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LEVEI. : !------------------------------------------------------ 1 7 0 0 0 1 71000" / I FRAG NAIL ISENERAL - - ' I 7 0 0 0 2 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 CHEP? "iONE/NATURAL 1 7 0 0 0 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 ! 1 STn.'r t ,. ~.r/NAIl!RA! !70 0 0 4 8 4 0 0 0 2 1 CHARCOAL 1 7 0 0 0 5 7 5 0 0 0 0 I SHINY i 3 l K STONE/l4ATURAI !7C OCl! 8 8 1 5 0 0 ! F!AT . 7 r , 3 \ HOI-E BONEIWOKKED OR SHAPED 1 7 0 0 0 7 7 6 0 0 0 " B R i r t ; I ,I 1 1 i ' ' , , / r : 1" ,: 1 1 5 8,- f p1::>, 1 . * 1. 61000C 6 2 1 4 2 4 7 2 0 0 0 0 f , 3 7 6 0 0 0 i j I42 1 4 2 h 8 2 0 0 0 3 1 I d ? 7 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 8 1140000 2 1 4 2 9 9 4 0 0 0 0 ! F I T FRAG, . 5 SQ I N 1 4 2 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 1 !42 11 6 0 0 0 0 0 3 St1 CLP CRVD 1 4 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 DESC" ]PTIOII REF/STONFdARE P E F i WSG C:t (1 I,::. .: .. . ., , , 38 /I., ::I' ,L,::::;; ec,:,::, .:)I. ..:u,;,,, ;]I #:.:* , ....- ..... 11 :!,:,. ,,;j,, ,:;,:, ; ,;!I,;,,. ;:ti,, ,,!!;K;~I ;1l1 li:;,,~ -11.:. l!!::,i fl:,.:..l, ,!:,, ,. , . , : II,,l~,l~l I!..: .. . ,I , ) I , . . , ..,... Ii. c::: ......, . 41: :..:;$ ,I\, . ,c;! t~:.::,,ll !k ::), ,,;;,/ K: , , , 1 , I , : : 1 . . 1.. 11 .:.. i l ~ w ' L ~ i , "'11 ' ,.,ll.. 11 ,,,,,, if:::;': 11 ,,,,,,I' ~l:ji,:' 11 ,,,,, .-.ll., -11 '"ll' 11:::::- ~~~,,cml~ . ., .... 8 . . . . ,,I,,, ,,,I/., [I ,:,, i,)::;::' : ! ' 1 , , 1 , ' 1 : ' 1 ' 1 : : I , , 1 ;:I1 ::::'::. .::::::., : ; , , 11:::. .() .!'. .'.:,,: ..k, i!:::: 1' ' "' ..IL . . . .....* .. 21 I :::.:.. .. BAG- M A S T E P - NUMBER I T E N CODE ? I Q U A N T ! i Y C O Y M E N T 169 007 h000CiO ! CLF: GENT !iQ 006 S!OOOO 8 169 009 820001 I S l l FRAG PI."... , d.;,,,. ,r)...,. ,i; ).I/:"' ,ii ,I1:.::./ ,,:,.,-:/! 11 ...... ,?ii. A!;::,: ;; .I::,,. ,:i.,. II~II ,!;:::,;b ~I::)J ,,[I' - ' 1 ' "':#, ...,,... .''':._?, .,.,, Ji II I)::. "' q: ... ".)/... ,;, , . ,. . ) . . ... ,, .. t . f . .. , . , a "II" ...., 1, , I ...... I::.: . II"' .I/ ;I:, , ,!:!!? BAG- MASTEP- NIJMBER I T E l I CODE F0f:pl 3 IJAr i ' i l iY [ O t I n E N i - L E V E L 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 N L D DEC ON R I M 2 CLR CRVD 135 I 26 I SMALL T H I N FRAG 5 BOG I R O N R833ENT JAW W!Til 3 TEETH EGG S H E L L T I N Y FF(bS CLAW FRAG SMALL FRAG SEEC! V h L V E CAP , F N E h l A T I C T I R E ' I S H I N G S I N K E R S I I A L L 8 I i S L E V E L = i _? PC: tq:iJ:> i 1 CL? CRVO 2 2 F'$); i FLeT F R P G 2 YW-WAREiGENERAL G L A S S I G E N E R A L F L A T GLASS ,WINDOW B O T T L E , ROUND BASE B O T T L E , ROUND FRAG POR/UNDISTINGU!SHED N A I L I G E N E R A L I R O N S T O N E I N A T U R A L PLASTER B R I C K BONEIFRAGMENT B O N E I F I S H B O N E I T E E T H ORGANIC M A T E R I A L S H E L L I O Y S T E R S H E L L I B L U E CRAE WOODIBULLDING RELATED F L A N i R E M A I I i ' C E N E P 9 i ERASS FORh I 0 E I C T I t I F i i r : i F LEAD FORM IDEI~TIF:; ,ELE C L I N K E R I C O A L ------ . F E A T U R E r 3 7 -- L E V E L = NP -------------- 50000Ci 6 CLR CRVD TH!N 5 1 0 0 0 0 3 7 '1OO00 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 .6 Y H ! l l . l h 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 S l I F R 2 G 7 6 0 0 0 0 2 SMALL FRAG 9 1 0 0 0 C i 7 4 5 j 0 0 0 3 5 80000C; 2 EGG S H E L L , S M A L L FRAG 9 4 0 0 0 O T 5h1,LL FRAG 6 7 0 0 0 4 1 dflOfiC$ 0235 1 CRMWRIANNULAR P-WAPE/TRNSFRFF-1",J, ,((...., ,,,,.. ,,,, ,,,, J, t., ,,,;... ; z,: : . - :C ll;:::P ;;;I,',, 8:: .,,...,, r';;:;i! 11 J , , . . .,.. 11: :.:' "'11' ...il.. 1 ,,,,,,, ;I::.:" 'I ,,., 'I::::. 11 ..I... '11 "'11 $:;:::: il'',,'';, ..... 1, <:... i.. l II""" ! .,.... . . I .......... , : : 3, , 1 : .. ii , 1 1 1 . , ,.,., : , , .:; ! ! 1 ,, , , 1 , , , 1 ; 1 , ' I , : , I,, , , , ' 1 .:.::.:: :.. '...!. ,, <:.,., ' " I(:: ::;p .,:': ,;;i::i 3; 846- MASTER- NIIMEER ITEM CODE FORf! QUANTITY COMMENT x - SQUARE = S20E5 -- FEATURE = 122 1 120004 122 2 120004 122 3 1 1 2 0 1 1 122 4 112017 122 5 132000 122 6 133000 122 7 133434 0035 122 8 133434 122 9 134000 122 1 0 134000 0035 122 1 1 134005 0032 122 12 220000 122 13 2400?? 122 14 23511Cj2 1 2 2 1 5 235056 1 22 1 b 300003 003.3 122 17 ?00000 122 1 8 310021 122 1 9 340000 0035 I 2 2 20 60OOOC 122 2 1 600000 122 22 600000 122 23 630083 122 2 4 600000 122 2 5 520005 122 26 i !O000 122 2 7 730000 1 2 2 28 760000 1 2 2 29 75'3000 122 3 0 750000 122 3 1 800000 122 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 33 132000 0 0 3 1 122 3 4 810000 122 3 5 810004 122 36 820001 122 3 7 i320001 122 3 6 620002 122 3 9 920003 122 40 820000 1 2 2 4 1 820000 I 2 2 4 2 92OOOi 1 2 2 4 3 920??! 0214 122 4 4 940001 122 4 5 S60000 122 4 6 960000 122 4 7 910000 -- LEVEL = E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 RDBOD, DK BR GLZ 1 PPBOD, HARD, DK BR GLZ 1 1 1 2 1 ! 1 1 2 1 EYT G L Z , !l.lT WASH 1 LT i;Y E O l , ! N C f D LINES 3 1 1 1 2 1 Gh F E C 3 3 LT !;N, ;qi:b 2 ER iRX 4 3 M!LK GLASS, L I D i MENDS 2 5 7 FRFa5 6 1 1 SLATE 4 6 EGG SHELL 2 RD B O l i 1 1 7 h 2 6 7 FRAG 1 1 1 SNAIL 1 MUSSEL 1 2 2 CAL SHELL 4 ! PRINTER'S TYPE 1 ALLOY F ITTING F P A 6 1 W!RE 2 PAPER CLIP DESCR- IPTION CRSIINT-EYT PB GLZ CRSIINT-EXT PB GLZ REFIWHT SN G L i REFIBL-WHT SN GLZ CRMWRIGENERAL P-WAREIGENERAL P-WAREITRNSFRPR-UNGL PL P-WAREITRNSFRPR-UNGL B! WHTWRIGENERAL WHTWRIGENERAL WHTWRIGENERAL CRSiGY BD REFISTONEWARE REFIWSG GENERAL REFIWS6-MSLDEC POR/UI~D!STINGUISHEO POR/IJNDISi:NG!IISSEi~ PORICHIKESE ,BLUE DN WHITE PORIOTHER GLAS<,/GEN:R;L i;LACC 1" i F , ; ) ( j [ ? . .. 72e::: 731)0[( 8 2 0 0 0 1 8 2 0 0 0 0 6 8 1 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 DESCR- F?FM Qllfil,l!iT'/ COMMEKT iPT!O?! 2 RD BOD,ER GL! WITH MICA C R S / I N i p ? G L i ! RD BOD,BR GLZ WITH MICA CRSIEXT PB GLZ 0 0 3 2 1 KD ROD,CLR GLZ CRSI INT-EXT PB G L i 2 RD BOD ,CLR GLZ,COMBED? C R S I I N T - E X 1 PH GLZ 0 1 SLPWRISLP CMED 2 REFIWHT SN 6LZ 1 REFIBL-WHT SN GLZ ! GLZCHP,BR TINTED RIM REFIBL-WHT SN GLZ 1 GLiCHP,BR I I d T E D RIM REFIWHT SN GL' ! RD BOD,CLP LEAD GLZ REFINED EARTHENUARE 1 KD BOD,DK BR LEAD GLZ REFIdED EARTHENWARE 1 L T BOD,CLR GLZ,EbIGINE TURNED? REFINED EARTHENKAPE 1 EL QL,' CRS/Kt' ?D 1 WEST'iPUALD CRS/GY B[l RiiEh' 2L/'GY !lu~:'f, L T c y rfij!i;y BC 2 PUNCHEP PATTER/! PEFINOTTINGHAM 1 3 REF /MSG GENERAL $ 9 2 2 1 PEFiWSG GENERAL 13035 1 REFIWSG GENERAL 1 VAE,!9TION ON D . 0 . 8 , REFiWSG-MOLDED PFFINOTTINGHAfl > PIPE-STEMIPLN 5!64" 1 F!PE.-STEMIPLN < '62" 9 F D R l i H I N E S E ,S i ' rE ON WHITE 1 FOl.[!EP F I f l GLASS/GENiRk,L "iiF CRVD GLASVGENEPAL !'I F L A T I~!,':,S ,WIf;:"C:l 37 BOTTLE, ROUI.IC; FRAG 1 $ L z DEi;Cf!Et REF/% 6LZ 583 FFA NAILiGENEk'AL r i i T F F ! k ! j !R?N : S r l . 2 IIJCH p;;i7r 1. .. IF*!, I 1 , f # l[q : L 143 24 1 4 3 25 14: '6 143 *? ' i 143 2 1 142 2 9 !43 3 0 143 3 1 *. 143 J! 1 4 3 13 143 3 4 1 4 3 35 143 3 6 143 3 7 1 4 3 3 8 143 3 9 1 4 3 4 0 143 4 1 1 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 4 3 143 44 143 4 5 143 46 142 4 7 143 4 S 143 4 9 147 50 1 4 3 5 1 143 5 2 1 4 2 5 3 211 5 k 1 4 3 Ei 5 DESCR- FORk P:.iANT!TY IOf lMENT I P T I O N ! SPATULA P O I N T t4A!L/HNDWROI!GH?-ROSE Y E A [ 1 1 X 4 V L T FRAG I R O N 2 SM FRAG IRON' 15 PLASTER 10 W0RTAR 7 B R I C K 4 3 S T O N E I N A T U R A L 1 CHERT S T O N E I N A T U R A L 1 CORAL S H E L L I F R A G M E N T 2 2 S H E L L I O Y S T E R 1 6 FRAG S H E L L I O Y S T E R 1 IINKNOWfl SHELLIFRAGMENT 15 CHARCOAL 1 P L A N ? R E M A I N I G E N E R A L 7 CL!NKERICORL 0214 2 BRASS FORM I D E b I T I F I A G L E ! 1 . 5 " S T R I P F;i?k$S 1 P O 5 5 Ei!TTON F P k G BRASS 2 jW P I E C E B P b F S 2 >LAG C7HER F1ETAL 1 S i i E L L i i L A b \ 1 SKELI/BL!IE CRAR 4 '<,CALEC SH:LL/t$USSEi 1 P0351 LEVER SHELL/FRLG!lENT 1 ? y 3 5 9 8 ~ B9NElFRAGM: l I l 1 hX8" 6/16 EINE/FRAGMEI4? ! 4 FCNE!TEETI: 0213 1 .!" C Y L I N D E P , RE 6IASS: 'GENERAL I:? F L A T GLASS ,WINDOW 'i D K E F F BOD CRSIUNGL! 1 RDBOD, GRAVEL TMFD CRS/UNGL! r RDBOD, CLR GLZ C R S I I N T PP GLZ 3 RDBOD, CLR G L Z , EYT WASH C R S I Z N T PB GLZ 2 RDBOD, L T BR GL!, GRAVEL TMPD C S S / I N T PB GLZ 3 RDBOD, DS BR GLZ C R S i I N T PE GLZ 0 0 3 2 1 RDGOD, DK BR G L Z , TMPD C R S I I N T PB GLZ 0 0 3 2 1 RDBDD, CLR G L Z , TMPD C R S I I N T - E X T FR GLZ 0 0 3 1 1 RDBOD, CLR G L Z , TMPD C R S I I N T - E X T P 6 GL! 5 RDBOD, CLR G!! C R S I I N T - E X T P B GLZ 3 RDBOD, CLR I N T , L T BR EXT GLZ C R S I I N T - E X T P B GLZ 1 RDBOD, OL BR GLZ CRS EARTHENWARE 2 RDBOD, DK 8R E X T , BR I N T G L Z C R S I I N T - E X T P B GLZ 1 RDBOD, DK BR I N T , CLR EXT GLZ C R S I I N T - E S T P B GLZ I RDBOD, DK BR E X T , CLR I N T GLZ C R S I I N T - E X T P B GLZ ! C R S I N . DEV GRAl i T E l l F 1 r$i : iGLZ C R F / N , DEV GRAV TEMP 0931. 6 R E F I W H T SN GLZ 00: 1 I R E i / W H T 5 N 6Li 2 3 NO G L I R E F I S N G L I 1 RFF BiiC I :RS/UNGLZ :' " . 6 R E F I W H T SH E L 1 GL: t'iiv P E F I W H T fN GI: 61[lE; R E F i W H T SN 4 L Z 1 Pl:!Y!:HRfirlE D E C REF/WHT Sd 6!.2 I 1 1.1 i #,,,! .? 1- :.;: i 1- .; ,, 1. pi ; \".. , 1 . , . ? \ I , . ! ,: - . - ,' , , - \ i 17 =;!I,? ,,: ::;,, , ..... , ,,.,1, ,ljj::::!. I,:;, ; ,:jj,, (,I/::. .i; , 1.)- ..,, ! I!:.:: ,I1 , ,.,.. ...... I il ....... .:ii. ::ill:: :. I:::... .iii.. .II,.. I; ,!;:,,;JI 1r::::::i' !! ' .!I ). ..(. , . , / I . ....., '+"::t' ,,,,,, .,I. , ,, , ,, 11 ,,,,,, 11 11'. :;" ;!:,;,, '"11 ,!':,, " 11 11::,;1 I1 ":" 11'::::'' "' 11"' .. I,, . 1' , . l,!!:h,; ]I::::># ti:::: .... ?' :'I1 EAG- NUMBER !TEM 147 E3 6 1 4 3 5' 1 4 3 58 I 4 3 5 9 1 4 3 6 0 1 4 3 6 1 1 4 3 6 2 1 4 3 6 3 143 6 4 1 4 3 6 5 1 4 3 6 6 1 4 3 6 7 1 4 3 o 8 1 4 3 5Q 1 4 3 7 0 1 4 .:; i ! 1 4 3 7 7 / A 1 4 :; 7 2 1 4 3 7 i -. ! 4 3 I ? 1 4 1 ib 143 7 7 1 4 3 7 8 143 7 9 1 4 2 8 0 1 4 3 61 1 4 3 6 2 I 4 3 8 :? 143 8 4 ! 9 2 5 5 1 4 3 8 1j 1 4 3 5 7 1 4 3 6 8 1 4 3 8 9 '143 9 0 IIASTER- CODE 1 2 9 0 0 5 1 2 9 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 9 1 3 0 0 0 0 !?0000 2 2 0 0 0 0 22000C 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 23500!! 2 3 5 0 0 0 2 3 5 4 5 0 3 9 0 3 0 ~ 3 1 0 0 2 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 4 3 3 1 0 0 2 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 5!000G 50000Ci 5 2 0 0 0 4 5 2 0 0 0 5 hOCIO00 h 0 0 0 0 0 h00ClClC t80000C 6000[10 6 0 0 0 0 0 &?;Qfil 6300e; DESCK- FORM QUilNTITY COMMENT I F T I O N 1 PK EOD S!PWR!SLP CMBD 3 DULL POD, UHT S L I P , PE GLZ SLPWRIGEN 1 BFF B0C, Y l j G L Z , D!ilL REFINED EARTHENWARE 2 PP-BR 8 0 0 , BLK EXT, 0 L IN1 GLZHI FIREiGENER1L 1 BFF tiOD, M T i L G , CLOUDED WARE? REFINED EARTHEINARE 0 0 3 2 I L T B O D , Y W G L Z REFINED EARTHENWARE 1 PL DEI' CRS/GY BD 1 INCSD DEC, B! DEC CRS/GY ED 0 0 3 5 1 MLD CRS/GY ED 1 ER EXT D E i CRs,,,:;' & @ 1 6~ BOD REF/STONEWAR E 2 8 REFIWSG GENERAL 003: 3 RE'F/!dSG GENERAL 3 BE);: REi/WSG GENEPIL fi MLD :!EF !LIZ.? EEI\{EPAI !/![ COV[f PEF,';J(.s GENERAL 0 0 3 5 1 PEFIW56-SCR BL POh!UN?!C TINGUISdE3 003; POK!CHINESE ,BLUE ON WHI iE 0 0 3 5 .\ POP,:iHINE'IE ,ELLIE i iN WHITE [!?45 ! EL IJNDRGLZ, P P OVRGL: 3EC ?CR/OTHEP CH1lIE:E PORiZfiINESE,B!UE O N WHIT: 1"fiG Fj"-BOLJL!FLhi i FKAG PIPE-ROWL/P!W b STEM FRA(-;. ;! H::LE ;!:! MEASLIRE Pip': !GENERAL . -, i , ?19F-4TEM/PLN 4 / 6 4 " 1 3 F!llE- STEM/PLN 5 / b ~ ! ~ * ' P CRV[; I!) L , GLASS, /GENERAL 1.6 :Hhl F L i ~ ~ , l A s S / G ~ N E R A i i H N CRVII, bt; r I N r - - GLASj/GENERAL j , L ( R V [ i G!ASS/GENEPLI 1 FTTL NECK, "',:,; ME@IC]N+,L GLAj$,!GEldEPil. i 3!! { a i , ~ G L A ! , ; 'GENEPA: 1 BI?T::[, ROcNF NECi ?(rTTLE RO!IHL: EASE LETEL . F------------------------------------------------------ 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 CERAMIC OR 5TCNE; EP BOD, CRVDORGANIC MATERIAL 1 2 0 0 0 2 ! R R O D , CLR GLZ, GRAVEL TMPD CRS/!NT PR GLZ 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 RDBOD CRS/Ub!GLi - - - 1 1 3 0 0 0 2 GL7 GONE PEFISW 6 L i 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 5 2 1 REF/WHT 9 4 GLZ 130OOCI ? LT BOD, WEATHERED 5LZ REFINED EARTHENWARE 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 CREAM BOD, E L I OF CK ER GLZ REFINED EARTHENWARE 2 3 5 0 0 0 1 REFIWSG GENERAL 5 2 0 0 0 5 1 PIPE-STEM/PLN 5 / 6 4 " 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 CLP C F V D GLASSIGENERAL 6 1 0 0 0 t FLAT GLASS .WINDOW 6 3 0 0 8 3 B J i T L E , ROUND F R A i 6000OCi 3 HEAVY PATINP, GLASS/GENERAL 7 1 0 0 0 0 1 FRAG, SPATliLA T I P NA!i/GENERA! 71$0G$ 4 8 FRAG IIA! L /GENERAL 7 2 0 0 0 0 7 9 PLASTEP 7 6 0 0 0 0 E R I C / , . I L,.. :> . - ,. 4 \ , C.., .%I C U 'lCi LLI LL - , V .., r;) O C . I - < cz> C> '2 C3 0 i CJ 'S < i O r 2 C'. i c . 5 c-. c; 0 0 I --I C< cl -- m , "-8 "-, L> ,'. r. 3-.. BAG- M A S T E R - NUHEER I T E M CODE F O K H P I I A N T I T Y COMMENT 158 7 8I0000 10 156 6 60CiO00 1 T H N F L T 158 9 810002 1 S C A L E ! 58 ! 0 820001 6 F R A G DESCR- !PTIOII B0NEi"RAGMENT G L A z ( S i G E N E R A L B O N E i F I S H S H E L L i O Y S i E R - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N A I L / G E N E F A L P L A S T E R S T O N E i N A T U R k L euit E i l \ ! E i F R A G M E i ! i S H E L L , FRAGPIEIL'T i 'HFis ' iOq! 'Lp,T CL,:,:,;,,')IN[)[;. I:! 001 7 1 0 0 2 171 003 171 00a 171 005 171 006 1 7 1 C07 1 4 8 2 1 4 FPAI; 1 T A P E R E D KO!JND FRA;,PDSS 5 T E f l i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAIL !GENERAL P L A 5 T E R B R I C K CHAPC;IA! BONEj'FRAGMEP!' $ H E L L , , O Y j i E k S H E L L !FRAGMENT G L A S S i G E N E R A L S T O N E I N A T U R A L - - - L E V E L = ;.------------------------------------------------------ 1 P I c ! - S T E M / P L l i 5 i f r d " 5 FRAG, ~ 4 ; ; : G E I / E ~ A ~ 13 PLA!,TER 1 B R I T # / c - - . , ., ' . j ? i E / p / A Y : ; ? h ~ 1 CHARC( !$ i 5 FPAi; ':,kiELL/!]YSIER BAG- M A S T E P - NUMBER ITES! l:!lrE ;[JPF~ i i U i i N i I T \ COMliErtT x - SQUARE S30E15 - - FEATURE I -- LEVEL 2 6, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 i :!]sS PRLNF' 1 3 2 2 3 5 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 CLR i R V C ! 3 4 6!0000 4 13 5 6 3 0 0 9 3 1 13 b i ! o b C c 1 FRAG 1 3 7 7 3 0 0 0 0 13 I 3 6 7 5 0 0 0 0 ! 5 1 3 s 7 6 0 0 0 0 2 6 ! 3 10 8iCIC;l: 2 13 11 13 Fk+,b ? 3 - 1; - 67235.. - 1 1 - 1 3 13 9701:i;: l :LINF\ER ? 3 14 980O[rC 3 CiGkhETi[ Fj?:ER; 1 3 1 5 9$9[1:1:, p L A j i i ( i i A ; REFINED EARTHENWARE REF/WSG GENiPkL GLASS/GENERAL FLAT GLASS ,WINOOW 6 0 T i i E , ROUf lD F R A G N A i L IGENEFAI MIIRTAR STONE/NATURdL BRICK BOl4EIFFAGtlENT SHELLIOYSTER C L i N h E R i C O A L CLIl(KER/COAL SYNTHETIC k k i E F I i i ~ SYNiHEi;! MATERIAL a,:,:: ,<,. , .;,, , ,...... 1, . . .. I[;:,., ,I!::%! t(y,i: 11 . ;I :;,>,,, :, .ti;:; ,,,, (;;,:ll 11 ,,,,, 11 ,,!::::!,, I~'.:,;I: ...I... [I:::::'' if;;;:. ' 11" ...I!. 11 ,,,,, l:;:', '1, ,,,,!I1 i[:::i,:. 11 ..... .-I1 . ,'I[:, '11 11,::'. IP,''il . ., .. , . ., , ,,.,% ::,, ,,::,.::,, ,,,,,,, , ,.,, ,jl:, 1 : , I , ,]I .[ , ,+, ., , :: ;~:::l:,~ 11 , ,,, 11, ,,, , "'11' '. [I::::;:: ::]I , ii'h"li 11:: :::::.. ;. 11:. ,.:I 11 ..... 11 .,..::I; ,11.. :::il ..., .,, . lIL.,.)ll 8 k b - ! i A j T i i : - I4lJRGEF; I T E P I CODE FORM PlJAl \ iT ITY COilr lENT * - SQUARE S 4 5 E 2 C - - FEATURE = -- L E V E L 2 1 13200C1 1 2 2 6 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 3 t i 0 0 0 0 0 1 '? 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 7 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 6 9 1 0 0 0 6 2 2 7 7 5 0 0 0 0 5 '? i 8 7 5 0 0 0 G 1 2 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 4 19 7'0[1$(1 2 1 i 7600Ci ; 14 ? ? , , , E!(l(io1 - - i 2 13 8 7 0 0 6 2 2 1 14 9 5 0 0 O { ! 1 2 15 '3fifiOC': i i i 16 9 6 0 0 6 3 CLR CRVP C L R , F L T , T H I C K R I B B O N BOG I R O N S L A T E C I G A R E T T E F I L i E R P L A S T I C L 36 E A h k 3 C O H P O S I T I O N FLOCR T I L E 1 A L F O I L 3 P L A S T I C SHEET ---------- L E V E L = C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CRMWR/GENERAL G L A S S i G E N E R A l GLASSIGENERAL G L A S S I G E N E R h L NAILIMODERNi . WIRE ) I R O N S T O N E i H A T U R A L STONEINATURN. S T U N E I N A T U R A L MORTiiC ER I CK S H E L l i O Y S T E h SE:Dj/NUTS ( jptC!F Y ! OTHEP I I E T A L S Y N I H E T I C M A i E F ; i A ! S Y N T H E T I C M A T E R I A L 1 WHTBOD, WHT G L Z ONE S 2 ! 1 0035 1 I D E ~ ~ T l J ~ / ~ [ / j E R ~ ~ r ' JL , , . J~ ! ' LE I~E~;~L A < : G L A S j i B E I I E R A i GLASSIGENER~L GLA$,5iGEP4EF,AL F i A T LLPi:. !&jIiiOCiri / j ; iL/bEflE2Ai i-IORl AT; 5 T O l i E / N k T ? l F i ; i ~ 3 T b N f / f l A ] U f i A L p ! p r > \ > L , , > H E L L / l ] Y S l i l q - - - ;,t.[rS//'lbi [ ' y E ; , I F I ] S E E D j / ~ l j j 5 ' i C l C . ' 1 ; 1, > P L ~ . L , 7 i S Y N T H E T I C M A T E R I A L S Y N T H E T I C R A T E R I A L S Y N T H E T I C M A T E R I A L R E F I N E D EARTHENWARE CRMWRIGENEXAL P-WAREIGENERAL P - W A R E I H N D P T - U N D E R G i i E L WHTWR/GENERAL WHTWKIGENERAL WHTWRIHNDFT-GENERAL r:RCJ/GI' E C P i P E - S T E ! 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I BOTTLE, F(IIIIN[I FSAG 1 6 7 720 i~01 ; ! 5 x 8 INCH ?46 PLASTEP 1 6 8 i 3 0 0 0 G 3 4 rl0RTAR 9 7 5 0 0 0 0 1 b ! 5 j i 1 jNE/ / j h i ! , ! 2hL 1 6 1 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 66 ER I LK ! 6 i - - I 7 5 0 0 3 0 6 :, p 0 $, 5 I:) 1 8 1,; SIOb/E/NATI.IRA! I h 12 8 1 0 0 0 0 E O N E I F K ~ ~ G P ~ E I ~ T !6 1 3 62OCiCil i i SHELL I ~ I J I L ! ' " : ' T C ~ ..I ;I 1 a 1 4 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 idiiCiD/'E1!JL[:It\% RELATED 6 4 0 0 0 2 > . La ! 5 a L CHARCOAL . I 1 t; l o 9 7 0 0 0 4 2 CLIHKERICOAL 1 +, -. ! 7 4 4 0 0 0 9 1 SI/IA!L LUh? LEAL1 l b 1 8 92000C 1 FhSiE[(ES HEAD gR BU~TI:N FKAG BfiA:i 1 ct I : ! 98300I" b PLASTIC FRAG S ) ' N T ~ E ' I i hfiTE$:k; 1 6 20 93i;Q[l[; 5 R i J B E E R CI~MPOSJTE SY l jTHEI IC 11kiiRiAi I- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LE\'EL : G---------------------------- 1 9 i b o o o f i $ . i 6R Ckv3 ! $ 2 bOO006 i jE f i i ! P h i jl.,!; CfiV[) I ':I J >j0195C " fi ! 7 i; 7 1 0 0 0 0 1 li' 5 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 ;pi ]14lEF 1. 9 (2 91000C' I P O S j $Ei([& F I F E h I f i 1 9 7 7 2 0 0 0 0 5 ! 9 8 7 3 0 0 0 0 J 1 9 9 7 5 0 0 0 0 5 ! 9 1 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 3 1 Y 11 8 2 0 0 0 1 8 ! 9 12 6 4 0 0 0 2 3 1 9 1 3 3 5 0 0 0 0 1 PO55 SLAG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L E \ E - I L 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 CLR CRVD THIN 6 0 0 0 0 0 3 BP CRVD 73000C 40 7 5 0 0 0 0 . P 3 7 6 0 0 0 0 4 5 8 2 0 0 0 1 ;3 F R A C 8 4 0 0 3 6 .j . .. . - . ~ k h ' : , ! ~ , btl+:F,{!i G L A S j i i i E P E k n L F L A T 61kIS ,WIIiDoW NAILIGENEFAL IRljji IRON PLASTER tl0RTAP STONEINATURAL BRICK SHELL/OYSTER CHARCOAL OTHER METAL B A G - N J M E E R 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 "i ? C L 2 2 I T E M 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 I ? 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 l o M A S T E R - CODE 6 1 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 7 3 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 8 7 0 0 0 4 8 7 0 0 0 4 8 1 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 ! 8 7 0 0 0 2 8 4 0 0 0 2 9 1 0 0 0 1 $ 8 0 0 0 0 9 8 0 0 0 3 FOR11 G l J A r 4 T I T : ~ 1 l l l l ? E l i 7 6 1 0 PO!':' 9 0 6 I R O f l 6 i 2 4 5 12 [ C L I N K E F : i 1 5 F R A G D E S C h - I P T I O N F L A T G L A S S ,WINDOW S T O N E I N A T U R A L S T O N E I N A T U R A L f l O R T A R B R I C K C L I N K E R I C O A L C L I N K E R / C O A L B O N E I F R A G M E N T S H E L L I O V S T E R S E E D S I N U T S ( S P E C I F Y j C H A R C G A L I R O N Fohn I D E H T I F I A E L E S U N T H L T Y C M A T E R I A L S l I i i H E T I C M A T E F I A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C R t I W R / G E l i E R A L G L A S S I G E N E R A L F L A i G L A S S ,WIl4DOW B O T T L E , R0UII:l F k A k r k A I i / G E l 4 E R A L ~ R J N P L A S T E R I I O R T A R S i B H E I f l A T U R A L B R I C K B O N E I i R A G h E N T S H E L L I O Y S T E P W O O D I B U i L D i N G R E L A T E D C H k R C i r A L L E A D % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LCV'1 i------------------------------------------------------ L L L 1 ' 2 5 1 b l N 0 0 1 F L A T G L A S S , W I N D O W 2 5 2 8 4 0 0 0 2 i C H A R C O A L 2 5 3 7 3 0 0 0 0 36 MORTAR 2 5 4 7 5 0 0 0 0 10 S T O N E I N A T U R A L 2 5 5 7 6 0 0 0 0 1 9 B R I C K I----------------------------------- L E V E L I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 I L R C K V P G L A S S I G E N E R A L 27 0 0 2 7 3 0 0 0 0 L 1 MORTAR 2 7 0 0 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 3 S T O N E I N A T U R A L 2 7 0 0 4 7 6 0 0 0 0 1 B R I C K G L A S S i G E N E h A L F L A i [ & L A S S ,WINDOW N H I L I G E N E R A L S T O N E I N A T U R A L M O R T A F BK I Ci: B O N E / F R A G M E l i T SHELL!OYSTER F O F K Ql jAi . l i I ' [y C O l l h E i q T ; HEISVY, D A R K 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - L E V E L = N. . - - - - - - - - - 7 4 1 i DES1:R- - - 7 - i t l i ! O N P A P E R C H A R C O A L C L I ~ 4 E E R i C 0 A L i l O R i A R B R I C K S i O N E I N A T V R A L S H E L L I O Y S T E R L L I I { K E R I C O A L G L A S S i G E 1 4 E R A i F L A T G L A S S , W I N O O K i T O f l E , ' N A T V P A L M i i h T A K . B R I C K SHELL;FilAGI.ISII: W O ~ U I B I J ~ L P I I ~ ~ R E L A T E P CHARCL l iA i P L A N T R E P ~ A I N ; I X N E R $ , L CL!NKER:COAL L 4 3 FRAI; 6 2 S E E D S ------- L E V E L = p---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 L I E , 1 6 L i . i E D E i : 1 P R O B A B L Y T I N G L Z D I R M W R I G E N E P A L GLAiS::El jERAL i i ! kSS j i jEb /ER;L F L l t , T G L D S S ,WJl(i! i ik! N A : : i i j E t i E R h ~ N d i i !GENERAL I ~ A I L ~ ~ I ~ ~ J E R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . 1 ! P l i l i COPPER F L k S i E t i B R I C K S T O N E i N A T U R A L B O N E I F R A G M E N T S H E L L i O Y S T E R W O O D i B U I L O I N G R E L A T E C P L A N T A E M A I N / G E N E R A i C L I N K E R I C O A L C R M W R i G E N E R A L W H T W R i G E N E R A L P - W A R E I G E N E R A L R E F I N E D E A R T H E N W A R E P i P E - S T E I I I P L N 5 / 6 4 " G L A S S i G E N E R A L G L A S S I G E N E R A ! 8 O ? T L E , R?! jND R A S E R O I T L E , R O U b G F F A G F L H ~ G i A S j , W I N > Q ; . j / { A I L i $ E f l E K A L BAb- NUMBER i i E r l 6 2 1 2 1; 2 1 3 5 2 ! 4 62 1 5 6 2 1 5 62 17 6 2 1 6 5 2 1 9 62 2 0 62 2 1 b 2 2 2 IIASTEF- CODE 7 1 3 0 0 5 9 1 0 0 0 0 7 2 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 8!0000 8 1 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 1 6 2 0 0 0 1 8 4 0 0 0 0 8 7 0 0 0 4 FCF:fl QUANTITY COPIHENT 24 FRAG 5 FLAT FRAG 2 1 1 1 7 4 1 EGG SHE!! I 1 17 SOvlE BURNED 1 DEsCP- IF 'T lOr i N A I L / G E N E W IRON PLASTEP BRICK BUNEIFRAGMENT BONEIF IS l i 0RGANiC MATERiAL SHELLIOYSTER SHELLIBLUE CRAB WOOCiEUILDING RELATED CLINKERiCOAl ----. FEATLIP,: I - - LEVEL = IjP 1 2 0 f l W 1 RDE!j[;, r ~ l BR :&il! EY; lF{ IFESC CRS!INj-EXi PE ti!; ?1:3!1 R E F I N H I SN GI: 3 0 0 ~ 0 ~ TH~I: } FJOR/ i !NDISi !Nl j l ! ISnEb 5 1 0 0 0 6 P iPE-EOWLIPLb 5 2 0 0 0 5 P I P E - 5 i E N I P L i j 5 1 b 4 " ~O@QI;;~! - . , ; CLQ La;'> G!A;SIGENERAL 6 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 5 EFi CIi;:, G ik tS5 iGENEBAi b l O ( i x 1;)' FLAT GLAS:, JINDDW 63008: i BOTTLE! RULING FRAb 7 ? 0 0 ? 0 -, ,. L .3 NRILIGENERAL - i l d t c . r 9 t I[, i l FRkG NAILIBENERA! 910~6; 1 BOLT IROW FO2l l I D E N T I F I A B L E ,31G(i[1[! I 1 , :, ]li(H GI):~ IRON 9 1 0 0 0 0 21 k!ji: F R k C IROI: 7 2 0 0 0 0 2 7 ,. . PLASTER 73000Q i L MQRTAF - r n /;uQ00 5 S L k i E ~ , ~ O N E / r ~ A 7 d h h L 7 5 0 0 0 5 21 0 9 6 I P [ i l j STONEINATURAL 7 5 0 0 0 0 , , STONE/NATURAL 7 6 0 0 0 0 ! 8 BRICK 8 1 0 0 0 0 5 EONUFRAGMENT 8 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 SHELLIOYSTER 8 4 0 0 0 0 10 WOOD/RUILDINB RELATED 8 7 0 0 0 2 1 SEEDStNUTS ( SPECIFY j 9 4 0 0 0 2 : i CHARCOAL 6 7 0 0 0 6 CLINKERICOAL 3 8 0 0 0 0 1 FOSS CIiiiDER BL0l.h SYNTHETIC MATERIAL 9 6 9 0 0 0 ! ALLO) , F!A:, 8); ,5 I N L 6 COPPEP ,950000 0214 I R I N L OTHER F;ETAL r---------------------- FEPT , - - I ~ V E L = A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 b0000L1 i, i iLL i i , LRVD 6LASS/6ENERF8L 2 7 , .. h i i b 0 0 C I PLASTER 7 3 0 0 0 0 i F;ORTAR 4 7t i000C 5 n ? i , \ @ b , ? l l \ r >11jOfiO I 2-IIJ!H R i l L ] , R i lS iE[ ! 5,HREC!S iE'1li4 ITEM 2 > 4 5 0 7 8 FCIF!? QI IANTIIY C(il(iMEl,iT I P!lLi, &LA<:I L i 5 5 BARK 1 4 PLASTI:: D E j C R - I P T I O N ~LASSIGENERAL FLAT GLASS ,WiNbOk MORTAR BRICK SEEDSINIJTS (SPECIFY j CLINKERICOAL SYNTHETIC MAiERIAL GLASSIGENERAL FLAT GLASS ,WINDOW STONEINATlJRkL IIORTAE BR I SY CHARCili;, SEEDSiNUTS ( SPECIFY; CLINKE~ICO$,L IR0l.i S\ /.I::IET:i: MATEG:p,; S Y f j i $ E i I i M A T E R I ~ ~ 40 0 0 1 4 0 0 9 2 40 ,?(I? 40 0 0 4 45 0 6 5 4(, { I C ; ~ $0 i . - 42 0 9 8 4 0 129': 43 4 0 01: t; 3 0 1: 4 0 0 1 3 40 0 1 4 4C 0 1 5 4 0 0 1 6 4 0 0 1 7 40 0 1 6 4 6 0 1 9 4C 0 2 0 4 0 021 49 0 " L L 40 0 2 3 40 0 2 1 s o 0 2 5 4 0 0 2 6 40 0 2 7 46 3?': i 1.. 40 0 2 7 40 0 3 0 4 0 0 3 1 AC' 3 1:; - - - - - - FEATgF.; : : -. LE;EI = b / L - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - . * , \ 1 .j t) :j b, 1 2: Et3[i,C)( fig GL: CRS/If iT-Ei, i PE iiy ! REF/WHT 51,; L i Z 2000(\ [ : LT b!j[!,GY-GL T I d T EXT GLZ CRS!STOriEUdh? 23508C 3E'FjU;. GENERAL j j i ; i j 21 > P O K / C H I I ~ E S E , C ? ! ~ ~ 014 WtiIiE ),,~i+> . 1 4 d ~ ~ d ~ 00:; d'![.;;;, 1lNORGLi DEi: PORIOTHER ;R(i0$0 CERkniC SEWEE P I P E 6 3 (I 6 [I{; 1 - - i ::L; - - ' I - .$,; rg;p; GLASS/GENtP4i . . - t, $11 0 13 ,. p; ,. I: \I p 6!fii5! 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I ..: .::: .:.:.::. 3' PC..::.; ...,,, , ,fir,. ......,, 11:::11 1l::i:l.: ::]I il::..::il '!'; B A G - NUMBER 4 0 40 40 40 40 40 4 3 40 IlA5::;- COPE 91003! 910001 910001 92000; 940000 990000 980000 980600 F1Rr; QUAl(T:T i ' O M n E N i 1 WASHE6 1 B O L T 1 WOOD SCREM 0212 1 1 B L O B 2 P O S S R O O F I N G P P R 4 COPPER WIPE 1 F R k G IIETAL B A S E OF L T B U L E DESCF- I P i 1 0 ; ~ I R O N F O R k I G E h i I F l L Z L E I R O N FORM I D E f l T l F I A B L E I R O N FORM i D E N i i F I A B L E B R A S S FORr l I G E i d T I F l A 6 L E L E A D S Y d T H E T I C f l A T E R I A L S Y N T H E T I C M A T i R I k L S Y N T H E I I : P l A i E R I A L Material Culture," and "Looking at the Land: An Introduction to Landscape Archaeology; " Ms. Gloria Lighthizer, Program Coordinator; September, 1987- September, 1989. 1988-1989 Faculty/Research Assistant; Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Instructor for ANTH 499A, "Summer Fieldschool in Urban Historical Archaeology; " Dr. Melvin Bernstein, Administrative Dean, Office of Summer Programs; June-August, 1988 and 1989. 1988 Assistant to Dr. Mark P. Leone; Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Designed and supervised independent study project on ceramic typologies in historical archaeology; Spring semester. 1987 Assistant to Dr. Paul A. Shackel; Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Supervised independent study projects in (1) landscape archaeology, (2) computer-assisted artifact analysis, and (3) documentary research into historic land use and acquisition patterns; Fall semester. 1987 Assistant to Dr. Mark P. Leone; Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Coordinated independent study project in faunal analysis; Fall semester. 1985-1986 Part-time faculty; North Shore Community College, Beverly, MA; Instructor for "Digging for the Past: Artifacts and American Culture," Mr. Paul Willenbrock, Assistant Dean; Fall, Spring, and Summer terms. Committees and Advisement 1994 Senior Honors Thesis Committee for Kathleen Lindsay; ANTH 486: Senior Thesis Research and ANTH 487 Senior Thesis, Capstone Course, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland; Dr. John Seidel, thesis advisor; Fall and Spring semesters. 1994 Senior Thesis Advisement Committee for Marilyn Lewis; HORT 468, Capstone Course, Landscape Architecture Program, University of Maryland; Dr. Robert Scarfo, thesis advisor; Fall and Spring semesters. 1994 Faculty Advisor; Anthropology Students' Association, University of Maryland, College Park; September, 1994-present. 1993-present Faculty Advisor; Alpha Phi Omega National Service Fraternity, Epsilon Mu Chapter, University of Maryland, College Park; September, 1993-present. 1993-1994 Senior Thesis Advisement Committee for Darlene Schneeberger; HORT 468, Capstone Course, Landscape Architecture Program, University of Maryland; Dr. Robert Scarfo, thesis advisor; Fall and Spring semesters. Field, Research, and Related Professional Experience: 1993 Project Archaeologist; 1609-1611 Thames Street Project, Baltimore, h$D; Ms. Louise E. Akerson, Project Manager; June-September. 1993 Project Historian; Lakewood Drain Project, Baltimore, MD; Ms. Louise E. Akerson, Project Manager; May-June. 1992present Program Assistant and Outreach Coordinator; Martin Marietta Graduate Fellows Program; Ms. Beth Snyder Jones, Program Coordinator; December, 1992-present. 1992 Project Historian; Terminal Building Project, Baltimore, MD; Ms. Louise E. Akerson, Project Manager; October-November. 1992 Landscape Consultant; Oakland Manor Landscaping Project, Columbia, MD; Ms. Kathy Can, student coordinator and project planner at Phelps Luck Elementary School; January-April. 1991-1992 Project Historian; Inner Harbor West Project, Baltimore, MD; Ms. Louise E. Akerson, Project Manager; December, 1991-January, 1992. Consultant; Archaeology in Annapolis Project, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Project Director; July, 1990present. Project Archaeologist; William Paca House Monitoring Project, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Barbara J. Little, Principal Investigator; April. Laboratory Supervisor; Victualling Warehouse Laboratory, Archaeology in Annapolis, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Project Director; October, 1989-June, 1990. Project Archaeologist; John Brice I . House Excavations, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Barbara J. Little, Principal Investigator; October, 1989 and Spring, 1990. Research Assistant and Staff Archaeologist; Archaeology in Annapolis Project, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Project Director; September, 1987-July, 1990. Project Archaeologist; 22 West Street Backlot, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Paul A. Shackel, Principal Investigator; October, 1988-April, 1989. Survey Supervisor; Archaeology in Annapolis Project, Annapolis, MD; Directed topographic surveys of two eight'eenth-century gardens; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Project Director; July-August. Field Assistant; Gassaway-Feldmeyer House, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Paul A. Shackel, Principal Investigator; April. Field Assistant; Sands House Project, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Paul A. Shackel, Principal Investigator; February-April. Volunteer; Foresight Science and Technology, Inc. (lobbying firm representing interests of the Society for American Archaeology and the Society for Historical Archaeology), telephoning Congressional Offices in support of the Abandoned Shipwreck Act; Ms. Loretta Neumann, Senior Lobbyist; March. Volunteer Laboratory Assistant; St. Mary's Site Field Laboratory, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Project Director; August. Archival Assistant; Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis, MD; Mr. Richard A. Blondo, Intern Coordinator; June-August. Project Oral Historian; Spencer-Pierce-Little House Project, Newbury, MA; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigator; January-June. Assistant Editor; Northeast Historical Archaeology, Journal of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Editor; August, 1986-June, 1987. Field Assistant; Lowell National Historic Park Project (Kirk Street Agents' House Excavation), Lowell, MA; Drs. Mary C. Beaudry and Ricardo J. Elia, Principal Investigators; August. Laboratory Coordinator and Cataloguing Supervisor; Lowell National Historic Park Project (Boott Mills Boarding House Excavation), Lowell, MA; Drs. Mary C. Beaudry and Ricardo J. Elia, Principal Investigators; June-July. Editorial Assistant; Journal of Field Archaeology, Journal of the ~sso$ation for Field Archaeology; Mr. A1 B. Wesolowsky, Managing Editor; September, 1985-June, 1987. Field Assistant; Assorted prehistoric and historic Cultural Resource Management projects, Office of Public Archaeology, Boston, MA; Dr. Ricardo J. Elia, Director; June-August . Field Assistant; Thompson's Island Project, Boston Harbor, Dorchester, MA; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigator; June. Volunteer Field Assistant; Hooper-Lee-Nichols House Project, Cambridge, MA; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigator; May. Field and Laboratory Assistant; Jason Russell House Project, Arlington, MA; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigator; March-April. 1983 Excavator; University of Maryland Fieldschool in Urban Historical Archaeology, Annapolis, MD; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Director; June-July. Additional Experience: Surveying and drafting for archaeology; copy-editing, proofreading, and preparation of archaeological articles and reports for publication; documentary and archival research; conducting and transcribing oral history interviews; basic preservation and conservation of archaeological and ethnographic materials; collection and interpretation of soil resistivity data. Languages: American Sign Language (intermediate) French (reading ability) Publications and Repor in prep. in prep. in press in press in press 1994 .ts : Archaeological Evidence of a Brass Foundry & Coppersmithing Venture in the Fells Point Historic District of Baltimore, Maryland. Manuscript in preparation for LA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. Recalling Cultural and Interpretive Diversity: A Gentle Reminder from the Eighteenth- Century Painted Landscapes of Tidewater Maryland. Manuscript in preparation for The Winterthur Por$olio. The Archaeological Visibility of Changing Land Use: A Tale of Two Sites. In Paul A. Shackel, Paul R. Mullins, and Mark S. Warner, eds. Digging Annapolis ' Pasts: Contributionsfrom Archaeology in Annapolis. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, forthcoming. with Mark P. Leone, Barbara J. Little, Mark S. Warner, Parker B. Potter, Jr., Paul A. Shackel, George S. Logan, and Paul R. Mullins. The Constituencies for an Archaeology of African Americans in Annapolis, Maryland. In Theresa Singleton, ed. "I, Too, Am an American ": Studies in African American Archaeology. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, forthcoming. Review of Kenneth L. Feder's A Village of Outcasts: Historical Archaeology and Documentary Research at the Lighthouse Site for Historical Archaeology, forthcoming. Continuity and Change on an Urban Houselot: Archaeological Ewavation at the 22 West Street Backlot (18AP.51) of the Annapolis National Historic District, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Report prepared for King and Cornwall, Inc. Review of J. Ritchie Garrison's Landscape and Material Lijie in Franklin County, Massachusetts, 1770-1860. Historical Archaeology 2813 : 124-127. Urban Growth and Development along the Fells Point Waterfont: Limited Archaeological Reconnaissance at 18BC99, the 1609-1611 l k m e s Street BackEot, Block 1827 (Lots 63B and 63C) of the Fells Point National Historic District, Baltimore, Maryland. Research Series Report No. 45. Baltimore: Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology. Historic Land Use and Cultural Development of 1601 -1 61 1 l k m e s Street, Block 1827, Lots 61, 62, and 63, Fells Point National Historic District, Baltimore, Maryland. Research Series Report No. 44. Baltimore: Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology. An Archival Investigation of Cultural Resources Associated with 202 South Paca Street: Block 677 (Lots 1 and 2/3) of the Inner Harbor West Project, Baltimore, Maryland. Research Series Report No. 42. Baltimore: Baltimore Center for Urban Delivered Papers: 1994 Archaeology. Plantations of the Mid-Atlantic. Eastern Seaboard Antique Monthly 2/6:12-13. Review of William M. Kelso and Rachel Most, eds. Earth Patterns: fisays in Landscape Archaeology. American Antiquity 56/2:379-380. Archaeological Testing at the John Brice II (Jennings-Brice) House, 18AP53, 195 Prince George Street, Annapolis, Maryland. Report prepared for Historic Annapolis Foundation. Eighteenth-Century Gardening in the Middle Atlantic States. Eastern Seaboard Antique Monthly 114: 12-13. Limited Excavations at the Gassaway-Feldmeyer House, 18AP49, 194 Prince George Street, Annapolis, Maryland. Report prepared for Historic Annapolis Foundation. The Politics of Reading--A Review of David Cottom's Text and Culture: The Politics of Interpretation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 1514: 108-109. with Mark P. Leone, Elizabeth Kryder-Reid, and Paul A. Shackel. Power Gardens of Annapolis. Archaeology MarchJApril: 35-39, 74-75. with Eileen Williams and Paul A. Shackel. A Cultural Resource Survey of the College Creek Area, 18AP46, Annapolis, Maryland. Report prepared for the United States Naval Academy Athletic Association. A Proposed Course of Action for Implementing Systematic Oral Historical Research at the Spencer-Pierce-Little House Property, and Some Comments on the Potential of Oral Histories to the Archaeology of the Houselot. Report submitted to Dr. Mary C. Beaudry (Principal Investigator) and the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. "Changing Urban Land Use in an Industrial Neighborhood: A View from Fells Point, Baltimore, Maryland," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Williarnsburg, VA; October. "Land and Community in Prince George's County, 1740-1790," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Society for Historical Archaeology; Vancouver, B.C.; January. "Community as Context: The Search for Meanings in Tidewater Maryland," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Wilmington, DE; October. "Symbols, Meaning, and Mind: The Archaeology of Ideology from the Plantations of the Chesapeake Tidewater," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Society for Historical Archaeology; Richmond, VA; January. "Eliciting Cultural Diversity from the Eighteenth-Century Painted Landscapes of ~idewater Maryland," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Eastern States Archaeological Federation; Hartford, CT; October. with Mark P. Leone, Elizabeth Kryder- Reid, Barbara J. Little, Paul R. Mullins, Parker B. Potter, Jr., and Mark S. Warner. "A Plan for the Archaeology of White and Black Annapolis," paper presented at a conference on "Digging the Afro-American Past;" Oxford, MS; May. "The Status of Landscape in Historical Archaeology and Some Comments Toward a Deconstruction of Landscape," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Society for Historical Archaeology; Baltimore, MD; January. "Archaeology in Annapolis: Retrospect and Prospect," paper presented at the annual meetings of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Quebec City; Quebec; October. 1988 with Paul A. Shackel. "An Archaeology of Knowledge: Deconstruction and the New Hall of Records," paper presented at the annual meetings of the National Association of Government and Research Archives; Annapolis, MD; July. Guest Lectures and Public Outreach: 1994 "Prehistoric Culture History in the Chesapeake," presentation given to HONR 129A: The Changing Chesapeake Bay: Past, Present, & Future, University Honors Program, University of Maryland; Dr. David Freeman, Course Instructor; October. 1994 "Map Production and Interpretation in Archaeology, " presentation given to the Summer Science Adventure Series, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Ms. Monica Kotelanski, Program Coordinator; July. 1993 "Archaeology: Humanism, Science, and Social Science, " presentation given to GEN327: General Introduction to the Sciences; University of Maryland, University College; Dr. Marianne Walsh, Instructor; December. 1993 "On Becoming an Archaeologist," presentation given as part of a five-week program titled "Career Explorations in the Sciences for Young Women;" Mr. JosB L. Barata, Program Coordinator; October. 1993 "Maps and Mapping for Archaeology," presentation given to Summer Science Adventure Series, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Mr. Josi L. Barata, Program Coordinator; July. 1993 "Archaeology in Fells Point," presentation given as part of the 1993 Harborwalk Celebration, sponsored by the Harbor Endowment Fund; Mr. Kent Johnson, Facilitator; June. 1993 "Baltimore Archaeology," part of a three-day program titled "Teaching Tents," an annual cooperative venture between the Harbor Endowment Fund and the Baltimore City Public Schools; Ms. Louise E. Akerson, Facilitator; May. 1992 "Preparing to Dig," a workshop delivered as part of a seven-week course titled "Archaeology: The Buried Past;" Maryland Science Center, Baltimore, MD; Ms. Louise E. Akerson, Coordinator; March. 1992 "The Archaeology of Town Planning in Maryland's Two Capital Cities," presentation delivered at the Maryland Day celebration at Phelps Luck Elementary School; Columbia, MD; March. 1988 "Artifacts and Archaeological Reasoning," presentation given at St. Martin's Lutheran School, Annapolis, MD; October. 1988 "Landscaping as Ideology," presentation given to ANTH 451: Archaeology of the New World, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park; Dr. Paul A. Shackel, Instructor; November. 1988 "Research Topics in Historical Archaeology," presentation given to ANTH 241: Introduction to Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, University> of Maryland, College Park; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Instructor; September. 1988 "Landscape Archaeology and the Eighteenth-Century Gardens of Annapolis, Maryland," presentation given to ANTH 241: Introduction to Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park; Dr. Mark P. Leone, Instructor; May. 1988 "Landscape Archaeology in the Chesapkake: A Case Study from the Charles Carroll of Carrollton Garden, Annapolis, Maryland," presentation given to ANTH 298: The Archaeology of the Chesapeake, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park; Dr. Paul A. Shackel, Instructor; May. Courses Developed: -Anthropology in Fiction: Depictions of Anthropologists in Literature and Popular Culture -Archaeology of the Chesapeake -Archawlogy of Colonial North America -Archaeology of the New World -Artifacts and the American Past -Documentary Research for Historical Archaeologists -House Form and Culture -Industrial Archaeology -Interpretation in Archaeology -Introduction to Archaeology -Looking at the Land: An Introduction to Landscape Archaeology -Map Interpretation in Archaeology -Public Archaeology -Women in Culture Symposia Chaired: 1994 "The Archaeology of Community: A Sampling of Approaches," a multi-paper symposium presented at the annual meetings of the Society for Historical Archaeology; Vancouver, B. C. ; January. 1988 "Recent Archaeology in Annapolis," a six-paper symposium presented at the annual meetings of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Quebec City, Quebec; October. 1985-1986 "Graduate Students' Colloquium Series," monthly colloquia held at the Department of Archaeology, Boston University; Boston, MA; Fall and Spring semesters. Grants and Awards: 1985-1987 Journal Fellow, Journal of Field Archaeology, award offered annually by the Association for Field Archaeology University Fellow, Boston University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa Awarded General Honors Citation Received Honors Thesis Project Award Senatorial Scholarship Provost's List of Academic Excellence Dean's List Professional Memberships: -The Center for Archaeological Studies, Boston University -The Council for Maryland Archaeology -The Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology -The Council of Virginia Archaeologists -The Maryland Historical Society -The Societ4; for American Archaeology -The Society for Historical Archaeology -The Society for Industrial Archeology References : Mr. Jose Louis Barata Director, Office of Academic Outreach University of Maryland Baltimore County 5401 Wilkens Avenue Baltimore, MD 21228-5398 (410) 455-2680 Dr. Mary C. Beaudry Department of Archaeology Boston University 675 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 (617) 353-3415 Dr. Mark P. Leone Chairman, Department of Anthropology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 (301) 405-1428 Dr. Barbara J. Little 107 E. Fourth Street Frederick, MD 21701 (301) 694-3525 Dr. John Seidel Department of Anthropology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 (301) 405-1422 Dr. Paul A. Shackel Division of Archaeology P.O. Box 65 Harpers Ferry National Historic Site Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 (304) 535-6065 Mr. A1 B. Wesolowsky Managing Editor Journal of Field Archaeology 675 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 (617) 353-2357 Academic transcripts available upon request. Curriculum Vitae for PAUL A. SHACKEL 1/94 Permanent Address 107 E. 4th St. ~rederick, Maryland 21701 301-694-3525 Work Address Harpers Ferry N.H.P. Division of Archaeology Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 304-535-6065 CURRENT POSITION: Park Archaeologist - Department of Interior/National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National Historic Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. EDUCATION: Ph.D. Anthropology- State University of New York at Buffalo. June 1987. Awarded with Distinction. Dissertation Topic: A Historical Archaeology of Personal Discipline. M.A. Anthropology - State University of New York at Buffalo. February 1984. Master's Project: Patterning at the Nicoll House, Suffolk County, New York. B.A. Anthropology and Sociology - State University of New York at Buffalo. June 1981 -Graduated Cum Laude. RESEARCH INTERESTS: Complex Societies Method and Theory Class and Ethnicity Ethnoarchaeology Ethnohistory PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS: American Anthropological Association - fellow Society for American Archaeology Society for Historical Archaeology National Council of Public History Society for Industrial Archaeology Anthropological Society for Washington Council for Northeastern Historical Archaeology Federal Preservation Forum PUBLICATIONS BOOKS AND EDITED VOLUMES: 1994 HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CHESAPEAKE (with Barbara J. Little). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 1993 PERSONAL DISCIPLINE AND MATERIAL CULTURE: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND, 1695-1870. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee. 1992 Meanings and Uses of Material Culture, (with Barbara J. Little). HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 26(3). An Archaeology of Harpers Ferry's Commercial and Residential District (with Susan E. Winter). HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. Due 1994. ARTIC 1994 !LES : Archaeological Perspectives: An Overview of Chesapeake Historical Archaeology (with Barbara J. Little). In HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CHESAPEAKE, edited by Paul A. Shackel and Barbara J. Little. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Due 1994. Town Planning, and Everyday Material Culture: An Archaeology of Social Relations in Colonial Maryland's Capital Cities. In HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CHESAPEAKE, edited by Paul A. Shackel and Barbara J. Little. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Due 194:+ Resilient Shrine. ARCHAEOLOGY 46(3):72. Introduction (with Barbara J. Little). In Meanings and Uses of Material Culture, edited by Barbara J. Little and Paul A. Shackel; HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 26(3):1-4. Post-Processual Approaches to Meanings and Uses of Material Culture (with Barbara J. Little). In Meanings and Uses of Material Culture, edited by Barbara J. Little and Paul A. Shackel. HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 26(3):5-11. Modern Discipline: Its Historical Context in the Chesapeake. In Meanings and Uses of Material Culture, edited by Barbara J. Little .and Paul A. Shackel. HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 26(3):73-84.. Probate Inventories in Historical Archaeology: A Review and Alternatives. In TEXT-AIDED ARCHAEOLOGY, edited by Barbara J. Little, pp. 205-215. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Consumerism and the Structuring of Social Relations: An Historical Archaeological Perspective. In DIGGING INTO POPULAR CULTURE: THEORIES AND METHODOLOGIES IN ARCHEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND OTHER FIELDS, edited by Ray Browne and Pat Browne, pp. 31-41. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, Bowling Green, Ohio. A Reconstruction of 19th-Century Surgical Techniques: Bones in Dr. Thompson's Privy (with Robert Mann and Douglas Owsley). HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY (25)l: 106-112. Plane and Solid Geometry in Colonial Gardens in Annapolis, Maryland (with Mark P. Leone). In EARTH PATTERNS: ESSAYS IN LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY, edited by William Kelso, and Rachel Most, pp. 153-167. The University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville. The Georgian Order in Annapolis, Maryland (with Mark P. Leone). MARYLAND ARCHAEOLOGY. New Perspectives on Maryland Historical Archaeology, edited by Richard J. Dent and Barbara J. Little, 26(1&2): 69-84. Scales of Historical Anthropology: An Archaeology of Colonial Anglo-America (with Barbara J. Little). ANTIOUITY. (62)240:495-509. Power Gardens in Annapolis (with Mark P. Leone, Julie Ernstein, and Elizabeth Kryder-Reid). ARCHAEOLOGY 42(2): 34-39. Toward A Critical Archaeology (with Mark P. Leone and Parker B. Potter Jr.). CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 28(3):283-301. Forks, Clocks and Power (with Mark P. Leone). In MIRROR AND METAPHOR: MATERIAL AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY, edited by Daniel Ingersoll and Gordon Bronitsky, pp. 45-61. University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland. Mean Ceramic Dating and Its Applicability .to the Nicoll House. - LONG ISLAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT NEWSLETTER, edited by Laurie Schroeder, Stephanie Rippel-Erikson, and Edward Johannemann. Published by the Suffolk County Organization for the Promotion of Education 3(1):13-16. Conspicuous Consumption and Class Maintenance: An Example From the Nicoll House Excavations. In THE HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF LONG ISLAND, PART 1: THE SITES, edited by Gaynell Stone and Donna Ottusch-Kianka, pp. 156-69. Suffolk County Archaeological Association and the Nassau County Archaeological Committee. Quantitative Patterning at the Site Level: A Archaeology. AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY 5(1):55-65. Archaeology and History: A Case Study with t LONG ISLAND FORUM XLVII (9): 174-80. Archaeological Dig at the Nicoll Homestead. 124-129 REVIEWS : 1993 Review of The Annales School and Archaeolouv, edited by John Bintliff, New York University Press. AMERICAN ANTIQUITY 58(4):790-791. 1993 Review of The Buried Past: An Archaeoloaical Historv of Philadelvhia, by John L. Cotter, Daniel G Roberts, and Michael Parrington, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. JOURNAL OF MIDDLE ATLANTIC ARCHAEOLOGY 9:171-172. 1993 Review of Experiencina the Past: On the Character of Archaeoloqy, by Michael Shanks, Routledge, Chapman & Hall. HISTORICAL ARCHAWLOGY 27(3):114-115. 1993 Review of Valuing Cultural Landscapes in the USA, Britain, and Australia. Center for Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Occasional Paver 22, by J.A. Russell. HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY (27)1):127-129. 1992 Review of Critical Traditions in Contemvorarv Archaeoloqy, edited by Valerie Pinsky and Alison Wylie, Cambridge University Press. AMERICAN ANTIOUITY 57(1):167-168. 1990 ~ h e ~ e a n i n ~ of Material Culture in a Materialistic Society. ANTHROPOLOGY AND HUMANISM QUARTERLY. 15(2&3):80-81. 1990 Review of Documentary Archaeolouv of the New World, edited by Mary C. Beaudry, Cambridge University Press. In JOURNAL OF MIDDLE ATLANTIC ARCHAEOLOGY (6):125-126. ARTICLES IN PRESS: The Constituencies for an Archaeology of African Americans in Annapolis, Maryland (with Mark P. Leone, Barbara J. Little, Mark S. Warner, Parker B. Potter, Jr . , George C. Logan, and Paul R. Mullins) . In I TOO AM AN AMERICAN: STUDIES IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY, edited by Theresa Singleton. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Meanings and Uses of Material goods in Lower Town, Harpers Ferry. HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. Due 1994. Changing Social and Material Routine in 19th-Century Harpers Ferry (with Michael T. Lucas and Brett Burk. HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. Due 1994. Memorializing Landscapes and the Civil War in Harpers Ferry. In LOOK TO THE EARTH: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CIVIL WAR. Edited by Clarence Geier and Susan Winter. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. Due 1994. Labor and Racism in Early Industrial Society. In LINES THAT DIVIDE, edited by Robert Paynter, James Delle, and Stephen Mrozowski. University of Massachusetts Press. BOOK IN PREPARATION ANNAPOLIS PASTS: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ARCHAEOLOGY IN ANNAPOLIS, with Paul Mullins _- I and Mark S. Warner. OTHER ARTICLES/ESSAYS Domestic Life in a Nineteenth-Century Industrial Town. FEDERAL ARCHEOLOGY I REPORT. Under review. Archaeology of Nineteenth-Century Industrial Life. SOPA NEWSLETTER. Under review. An Archaeology of Nineteenth-Century Harpers Ferry. BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY FOR AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY. Under review. An Archaeology of Nineteenth-Century Harpers Ferry: Industrial Life in an Armory Town. GRAPEVINE. Under review. lICAL WRITINGS AND REPORTS: Task Directive: Package 320, Block C, Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, and 6B. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, West Virginia. National Capital Region, National Park Service. Archeological Resource Damage Assessment: Appalachian Trail\Shenandoah Street Dump Site: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (with Jennifer Shamburg). On file at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. %lk Archaeological Investigations. In Archaeological Investigations at Building 37, Wager Lot 52, edited by Jill Y. Halchin. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park; West Virginia. National Capital Region, National Park Service. (Editor) Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District, Occasional Report No. 6. Department of the Interior, National Captial Region Archaeology Program. National Park Service. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Meaning and Uses of Material Goods in Lower Town, Harpers Ferry. In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District, Occasional Report No. 6, edited by Paul A. Shackel. Department of the Interior, National Captial Region Archaeology Program. National Park Service. A Social History of Harpers Ferry and Block B, Lot 3 and 2, Lower Town. In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District, Occasional Report No. 6, edited by Paul A. Shackel. Department of the Interior, National Captial Region Archaeology Program. National Park Service. Changing Meanings and Uses of the Landscape and the Built Environment. In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District, Occasional Report No. 6, edited by Paul A. Shackel. Department of the Interior, National Captial Region Archaeology Program. National Park Service. Prospects for an Archaeology of the People Without History. In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District, Occasional Report No. 6, edited by Paul A. Shackel. Department of the Interior, National Captial Region Archaeology Program. National Park Service. Stratigraphic and Artifact Description (with Susan Frye and CariYoungRavenhorst). In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District, Occasional Report No. 6, edited by Paul A. Shackel. Department of the Interior, National Captial Region Archaeology Program. National Park Service. ~rcheological Resource Damage Assessment: Stone Fort, Maryland Heights, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Archeological Resource Damage Assessment: Shenandoah Street Dump Site, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (with Jennifer Shamberg). On file at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Archaeological Resource Damage Assessment: 30 Pounder Battery (Six Gun Battery), Maryland Heights, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. On file at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Landscape Report: Archaeological Component, Package 116, Block B, Lots 2 & 3, Buildings 32, 33, 33A, 34, 34A, 35, & 36, Shenandoah Street, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. With Ellen A. Armbruster. National Park Service, Draft Report, June. Task Directive: Package 118 Archaeological Investigations, Building 48 (with Susan W. Frye). Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers ' Ferry, West Virginia. Archaeological Testing in Lower Town Parking Lot, Blocks B, C, and D, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Old Paymaster's House, Armory Dwelling #43, 465389; Boarding House, Armory Dwelling f52, 46JF89; Armory Dwelling f46, 46JF91. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Parking Lot Gate Excavations, Hamilton Street Area. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Task Directive: Package 116 Archaeological Investigations, Building 32, 33, 33A, 34, 34A, 35, and 36 (with Frye, Susan W.). Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Historic Structures Report: Archaeological Component. P&kage 116: Block B, Lot 3, Buildings 32, 33A, 33, 34, 34A, 35 Shenandoah Street, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. National Park Service. On File at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. September. Excavations at The State House Inn, 18AP42, State Circle, Annapolis, Maryland. A Final Report, with Joseph W. Hopkins and Eileen Williams. Archaeology In Annapolis. On File at Historic Annapolis, Inc., Annapolis, Maryland. Excavations in St. Anne's Churchyard, 18AP43, Church Circle, Annapolis, Maryland., with Laura J. Galke and contributions by Stephen P.Austin. Archaeology In Annapolis. On File at Historic Annapolis,Inc., Annapolis, Maryland. June. Archaeology of Town Planning in Annapolis, Maryland. Final Report to the National Geographic Society, with Mark P. Leone NGS Grant Number 3116-85. Archaeological Testing at the 193 Main St. Site, 18 AP 44, Annapolis, Maryland. Archaeology In Annapolis. University of Maryland, College Park and Historic Annapolis Inc. A Cultural Resource Survey of the Brewer Cross Road Bridge Over Great Valley Creek, Town of Great Valley, Cattarugas County, New York (PIN 5751.79). Report the Archaeological Survey. State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Anthropology. A Cultural Resource Survey of the Route 5 Bridge Over Black Creek, Town of Stafford, Genesee County, New York (PIN 3034.35). Report of the Archaeological Survey Volume 16 (30). State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Anthropology. A Cultural Resource Survey for Taylor Devices, Tonawanda Island, North Tonawanda, Niagara County, New York. Report of the Archaeological Survey Volume 16 (4). State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Anthropology. A Cultural Resource Survey of Genesee Street Intersection with Ransom Road, Town of Lancaster, Erie County, New York, PIN 5512.19. Report of the Archaeological Survey Volume 16 (8). State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Anthropology. May 15. Cultural Resource Survey of Pipelines in the Vicinity of Markhams and Cottage Roads, Town of Dayton, Cattarugas County, New York. Report of the Archaeological Survey Volume 16 (4). State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Anthropology. February 15. A Second Survey of the Plumb House Estate. Report of the Town of Islip Archaeological Survey (84-1). January 1. A Survey of the Lower Quintuck Creek: In Search of the Original Nicoll Homestead. Report of the Town of Islip Archaeological Survey (83-1). A Preliminary Report on a Partial Survey of the Hollins Property: In Search of the Original Nicoll Homestead. Report of the Town of Islip Archaeological Survey. (82-2). A Partial Survey of the Plumb House Estate: In Search of the Original Nicoll Homestead. Report of the Town of Islip Archaeological Survey. (82-1). PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR FOR TECHNICAL REPORTS: Lucas, Michael 1993 Archeological Investigations of Shenandoah Street Sidewalk. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. June. Ravenhorst, John W. 1993 Building 40 Excavations: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, West Virginia. National Capital Region, National Park Service. Halchin, Jill Y. + 1992 Archaeological Investigations at Building 37, Wager Lot 52. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, West Virginia. National Capital Region, National Park Service. Williams, Eileen 1988 Excavations at 178 Prince George St, 18AP38, Annapolis Md. Archaeology In Annapo1.i~. On File at Historic Annapolis, Inc. Annapolis, Maryland. July. Williams, Eileen 1987 Phase I Survey of the College Creek Site, 18AP46, Annapolis, Maryland. Archaeology In Annapolis. On File at Historic Annapolis, Inc., Annapolis, Maryland. Roulette, Billy Ray 1986 Excavations at Hancock's Resolution, 18AN169, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Archaeology In Annapolis. On File at Historic Annapolis, Inc., Annapolis, Maryland. PROFESSIONAL PAPERS: 1994 Transforming Craft to Industry: The Material Consequences of New Surveillance Technologies in Nineteenth-Century Harpers Ferry. A paper to be presented at the Society for American Archaeology, Anaheim, California, April. 1993 The Built Environment and Nineteenth-Century Industrial Life in Harpers Ferry. A paper presented at the Council of Virginia Archaeology Symposium VII meetings. Alexandria, Virginia. October. 1993 Early Industrial Life in an Armory Town. A paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology meetings, Kansas City, Kansas. January. 1992 Memorializing Landscapes and the Civil War in Harpers Ferry. A paper presented at the Archaeological Society of Virginia meetings, Manassas, Virginia. October. 1992 The Material Reification of Factory Discipline and Resistance in Early Industrial Society. A paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology meetings, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. April. 1991 Labor and Racism in Early Industrial Society. A paper presented at the American Anthropological Association meetings, Chicago, Illinois. November. 1991 Domestic Life in the Early Industrial Era. A paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology meetings, New Orleans, LA. April. 1991 Domestic Life in Industrializing Harpers Ferry. A paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology meetings, Richmond, Virginia. January. 1991 Impermanent Architecture and Social Relations in Annapolis, Maryland. A paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology meetings, Richmond, Virginia. January. 1990 Domestic Life among Armorers in 19th-Century Harpers Ferry. A paper presented at the Society for Industrial Archaeology meetings, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. May. 1990 Meanings of the Built Environment: An Archaeology of Harpers Ferry, A paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology, Tucson Arizona. January. 1989 Ethnicity and Class Relationships of Free Blacks in 19th-Century Annapolis, with Mark P. Leone, Barbara J. Little, Parker B. Potter Jr. and Mark S. Warner. A paper presented at "Digging The Afro-American Past: Archaeology and the Black Experience", University of Mississippi. May. Historical Anthropology in Annapolis, Maryland: Ongoing Research, with Barbara J. Little. A paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology Meetings, Atlanta, GA, April. The Archaeology of Power and Domination: The Use of a Modern Discipline in Structuring 18th-Century Society. A paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology Meetings, Baltimore. January. Changing Structures in Annapolis, Maryland. A paper presented at the Council for Northeastern Historical Archaeology, Quebec. October. An Archaeology of Knowledge: Deconstruction and the New Maryland Hall of Records, with Julie H. Ernstein. Paper presented at The National Association of Government Archives and Records Administrators Meetings, Annapolis, Maryland. July. The Structuring of Meaning in Annapolis, Maryland, with Barbara J. Little. Paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology meetings, Phoenix, Arizona. April 28 - May 1. The Creation of Polite Society: Historical Archaeology of Colonial and Early Annapolis. Paper presented at the American Studies Association meetings. "Creating Cultures: Peoples, Objects." Ideas, New York, New York. November. Cows, Printers and Capitalists and the Growth of Annapolis, with Barbara J. Little. Paper presented at the Council for Northeastern Historical Archaeology meetings, St. Mary's City, Maryland. October. The Archaeology of Manners. Paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology meetings, Toronto, Canada. May. The Development of a Hierarchical Society in 18th -Century Annapolis. Paper presented at the Society for Historical Archaeology meetings, Savannah, Georgia. January. Conspicuous Consumption and Class Maintenance. Paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology meetings, New Orleans, Louisiana. April. The Creation of Individuality and Segmentation in Anglo-America. Paper presented at the Northeastern Anthropological meetings, Buffalo, New York. March. Artifact Pattern Recognition at the Nicoll House, Suffolk County, New York. Paper presented at the Northeastern Anthropological Association meetings Hartford Connecticut, March 24, 1984 and at the Society for American Archaeology meetings at Portland Oregon. April 14, 1984. SYMPOSIA CHAIRMANSHIPS: 1992 Co-chair with Barbara J. Little. Symposium on "Ethnicity, Gender, Racism, and Power: Toward an Archaeology of the Historic Chesapeake." Society for American Archaeology meetings, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. April. 1991 Co-chair with Susan Frye. Symposium on "The Archaeology of a Southern Industrial Town." Society for Historical Archaeology meetings, Richmond, Virginia. January. 1989 Chair for a Symposium on "Class and Ethnicity Studies in Historical Archaeology." Society for Historical Archaeology meetings, Baltimore, Maryland. January. 1987 Co-chair with Barbara J. Little and Margaret Purser. Symposium on "The Meaning of Consumption: Ongoing Research in Historical Archaeology." Society for American Archaeology meetings, Toronto, Canada. May. 1986 Co-chair with Barbara J. Little. Symposium on "The Cognitive Past: Ongoing Research in Historical Archaeology." Society for American Archaeology meetings New Orleans, Louisiana. April. Historic Annapolis, Inc. 194 Prince George Street, Annapolis, Maryland 21401 13011 267-7619. Balto. Area 269-0432, D.C. 261-1110 Ms. Maureen Kavanagh Maryland Geological Survey 2 3 0 0 St. Paul Street Baltimore, MD 2 1 2 1 8 - 0 6 December 1 9 8 8 --- Dear Ms. Kavanagh: ' - . . Enclosed please find a Maryland Archaeological Site Survey form for a.site currently undergoing investigation on West Street in Annapolis, Maryland. there is any fur-ther.information that I can provide, or, if the e number 1-have indicated on the attached form is incorrect, please not hesitate to contact me at work ( 2 6 3 - 5 5 5 3 ) or home ( 9 5 3 - 7 7 8 2 ) . uld you be unable to contact me, Dr. Paul Shackel (principal estigator) may be re&ched at ( 4 5 4 - 5 3 5 4 ) . In addition, we would greatly appreciate it if you could forward to us several additional survey forms. Thank you. Sincerely, Julie H. Ernstein Staff Archaeologist k MARYLAND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY N ~ t r ' c c ' f s l r e 2 2 - 2 6 W e s t S t r e e t Other designations n o Type of site h i s t o r i c N~rmtmr AP 5 1 County Anne A r u n d e l Co . ~ ~ w t o r e a c h s i t e T r a v e l l i n g w e s t f r o m C h u r c h C i r c l e , t h e s i t e i s w i t h i n ' t h e f i r s t c i t y b l o c k o n t h e r i g h t - - n u m b e r s 2 2 a n d 2 6 . -, -+- Landmarks to aid in finding site h U ' c , West S t r e e t , C h r i s t 4 l a n S c i e n c e R e a d i n g u Room ( i . e . , 8 2 2 West S t . . ) . Position of site with respect to surrounding terrain S i t e i s on r i d g e be tween S p a a n d C o liege C r e e k s , n e a r c r e s t o f h i l l o n w h i c h C h u r c h a n d S t a t e C i r c l e s s t a n d . Lat~tude 3 8 " 0 5 8 ' I north. Longitude 7 6 2 1 36 west. (or distance from printed edge of map: bottom edge r i t ed 1 8 3 / 4 " ( 4 7 . $ c 8 1 7 1 1 8 " )(43..5 cm) Map used (name. producer, scale, date) A n n a p o l i s Q u a d , USGS 1 9 5 7 s c a l e 1 : 2 4 0 0 0 Ownerltenant of site, address and attitude toward investigation K i n g a n d C o r n w a l l R e a l E s t a t e ; s u p p o r t i v e o f a r c h a e o . l o g i c a 1 i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f s i t e . Description of site (size, depth, soil, features, test pits) S i t e c o n s i s t s o f a n a r e a r o u g h l y 6 5 X 35 f t . l o c a t e d b e h i n d 1/22 West S t r e e t a n d a s m a l l c o u r t y a r d a r e a b e h i n d t h e b a n k l o c a t e d a t 1/26 West S t r e e t . ( T h e l a t t e r o f t h e t w o a r e a s h a s n o t y e t b e e i n v e s t i g a t e d . ) M e t r i c e q u i v a l e n t o f s i t e a r e a = 1 9 . 8 3 m X 1 0 . 6 8 m . present use and condition of site, erosion A t p r e s e n t s i t e i s a n o p e n a r e a o f g r a s s a n d w e e d s t r a v e r s e d d a i l y b y . l o c a 1 p e o p l e e n r o u t e t o w o r k a n d s h o p p i n g . Reports or evidence of disturbance by excavation, construction or "pothunting" q-hre e p is d f no ; see a t t a c h e d s h e e t . Nature, direction and distance of natural water supply (fresh or salt) S p a . C r e e k ( s a 1 t wa t ) 2 0 0 0 f t s 0 u t Natural fauna and floran / a C o l l e g e C r e e k ( s a l t w a t e r ) 2 0 0 0 f t n o r t h Specimens collected (specify kinds and quantities of artifacts and materials) C e r a m i c s , g l a s s , m e t a l , f a u n a l r e m a i n s , b r i c k a n d m o r t a r . 2 7 b a g s o f a r t i f a c t s f r o m p r e v i o u s t e s t u n i t s 1 s h o e b o x f r o m e x c a v a t i o n f o r s t r u c t u r e a t 1/20 W e s t S t . ( c o l l e c t e d b y Specimens observed, owner, address p r o p e r t y ' s o w n e r s ) , a n d 70+ b a g s f r o m c u r r e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n . N . B . : A r t i f a c t s a n d n o t e s f r o m p r e v i o u s i n v e s g a t i o n s a r e t o b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o f i n a l r e p o r t . Specimens reported, owner, address Otherrecords(notes, photos,maps,bibliogra~h~) D e t a i l e d f i e l d n o t e s , p l a n a n d p r o f i l e d r a w i r s o i l m u n s e l l s , p h o t o g r a p h s , a n d u n i t s u m m a r y f o r m s w i l l ' b e o n f i l e . a t Recommendations for further investigations H i s t o r i c A n n a p o l i s , I n c . w h e n i n v e s t i g a t i o n a n d r e p o r t a r e c o m p l e t e d . Informant Address Date Sire visited by 1 2 / 6 / 8 8 RecOrdedby J u l i e H . E r n s t e i n Address H i s t o r i c A n n a p o l i s , Itf??Ie, 1 9 4 P r i n c e (Use reverse s~de of sheet and addtt~onal pages for sketches of s i te and artifacts) Gee r g e S t . , A n n a p 0 1 i s , 2 : Send complered form to: State Archeologist, Maryland Geological Survey TL- t - ~ - - ( I - - ( . : - - r # - : :... 0-1.: ---- h n A 7 1 7 9 0 L MARYLAND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY 22-26 West Street AP 51 12/6/88 P. 2 Reports or evidence of disturbance.by excavation, construction, or "pothunting" : Three epi.sodes of note have occurred at the site that bear signific5ntly upon its present archaeological integrity: 1. a late 19th~century h%use burned and was levelled ca. 10 years ago. Earth-moving equipment was brought in to level the structure, and at least 4 ft. of sand wa-s. spread over the top of the ground. 2. In July 6.f 1983 5 test units were placed on the property, under the direction of Dr. Anne E. Yentsch (a consultant with Histori'c . Annapolis, Inc.). These test units uncovered indications of brick walks and foundations in the rear yard area of numbers . 20 and/or 22 West St. . 3. The structure that stands at 20 West St. (the King and Cornwall Real Estate offices)'was moved to this location from Prince George St. about three years ago.' A rear addition (equal to the original size of the moved structure) wa-s added to the back of the house and excavations were mgde for the placement of a cellar below the rear part of the building (full basement used as offices). In the course of excavating for the basement, lots of 18th-century artifacts were uncovered as well as a portion of a brick wall. These materials were not removed archaeologically (i.e., no sort of provenience for the materials was noted). Materials included in the sol1 underlying the ground surface were displaced and in some cases capped the 20th-century levels in the neighboring yard area.